SIDDHESH NIKAM_MMS_SIMSREE_2013-14_SYSTEMS CASE.

Q. 2 Describe impacts of Information Technology on Business. Justify with suitable example/case. List pros and cons of same.? Answer: Technology provides a wide range of tools entrepreneurs can use to guide their new companies through the startup and growth stages. Small-business accounting, marketing and communication have been revolutionized by advances in computer, network and communications technology, and businesses in a range of industries continually adapt to take full advantage of technological developments.
Accounting

Setting up and managing a new accounting system can be a daunting task on your own. Modern accounting software packages simplify the process of setting up accounts and posting daily transactions. Managing accounts with a small-business accounting package such as Microsoft Money or QuickBooks can eliminate the need to hire full-time or third-party accountants. Accounting software also assists managers by creating informative reports and financial statements to increase decision-making effectiveness.
The Internet

The Internet has all but leveled the playing field for small-business marketers competing against established businesses. With advanced video and graphics editing software, small-business owners can create professional marketing materials that reach thousands or millions of viewers online. Entrepreneurs can take advantage of cost-efficient web marketing tools such as Google AdWords to spread targeted marketing messages to a broad audience or a select niche. Several small businesses can share expensive advertising space online through banner- and traffic-swaps.
Startup Costs

Despite the numerous advantages granted by modern technology, there are still drawbacks to technology's inseparable relationship with the business world. One such drawback is the increase in startup expenses for new businesses. Almost every new business requires computer workstations, multiple telephone lines and network infrastructure before it can begin operations. Bootstrap entrepreneurs can often get away with using their own PCs and cellphones during the startup phase, but serious new ventures undertaken by experienced entrepreneurs usually involve large infrastructure projects to accommodate rapid growth.

Time Management

Time management is crucial for any small-business owner. Freeing up time from administrative minutiae can allow you to focus on more productive activities, such as drumming up new business and making vital contacts with suppliers and potential strategic partners. Advances in computer and cellular telephone technology allow business owners unprecedented access to indepth scheduling and customer relationship management software, enabling busy entrepreneurs to hold "face to face" meetings online, from anywhere in the world.
Pros: Storage

You may already use a computer for data storage for your business. Inventory, sales, receivables and payables stored in Excel, Open Office or a similar program keeps these figures at your fingertips. Accounting software stores your payroll information, tax records and specialized data for your business. Once youre acquainted with a program, you wont know how you functioned without it. You can eliminate much of the physical storage at the office by using information technology to scan and store old personnel and payroll files, tax files or client files. You may need less square footage with information technology.
Marketing

Large and small businesses are on a level playing field on the Internet. You can have a Web presence, take orders, buy merchandise, sell excess or even operate some businesses entirely online. A marketing tool that uses information technology is the Quick Response or QR Code that looks like a bar code but is square. A scan advertises your website address and includes any text you choose. You can use your business management skills to direct employees or contractors to do your Internet marketing, or you can choose to learn a new set of skills in information technology.
Information

Whether you learned business management by the book or by practical experience, youll need updates all of your life. The Internet is a wealth of information to keep you current with trends, techniques, software and human resources. You can draw on online databases and websites to locate potential employees, compare insurance proposals, tackle employee issues or check out the competition. Managing your business with information gleaned from the Internet keeps you knowledgeable and on the cutting edge.
Communication

Communication by email is faster and costs less than sending a paper letter in the mail. You can transform your business to the 21st century with the use of email for communication with clients or customers. Information technology allows you to organize email file folders by client or by type of communication, such as orders or billing. You can drag and drop your email files to closed folders as your company completes projects. Your communication files become closed files, placed in storage on CD or on a hard drive with a duplicate copy or backup automated by a program or service.

Technology has changed the business world many times over. In the Information Age, the advent of computers and the Internet has increased that impact significantly. Many businesses cannot even function without the use of computer technology. This impact is seen in nearly all areas of business, including human resources, where technology continues to have a significant impact on HR practices.
Recruiting

One way in which human resources has been significantly impacted by technology is in the area of recruiting. Before the Internet, HR recruiters had to rely on print publications, such as newspapers, to post jobs and get prospects for open positions. Other methods such as networking also were used, but HR recruiters did not have the ability to post a job in one or more locations and have millions of people see it all at once. Technology has made recruiting more efficient and, in the hands of the right recruiter, more effective as well.
Training

Information technology makes it possible for human resources professionals to train new staff members in a more efficient manner as well. The ability to access company information and training programs from remote locations eliminates the need for trainers to work directly with new hires on all training. Some interaction will always be necessary on some level, of course, but training in virtual classrooms makes it possible for the HR professionals to train a large number of employees quickly and to assess their progress through computerized testing programs.
Data Storage and Retrieval

Human resources professionals generally process a considerable amount of paperwork and also have to keep much of that paperwork on file for a considerable period of time. The use of electronic imaging has made it possible for companies to store and retrieve files in an electronic format. Technology also makes it possible for human resources professionals to simply print the forms that are needed for employees. Printing on demand eliminates the need to dig through an endless number of files in the file cabinet to find what is needed.
Performance Management

Enhanced performance management is another byproduct of technological improvement. Human resources professionals can use computer technology to assess employee performance and also to get employee feedback to be used for the betterment of the organization. Various software programs make it possible for human resources professionals to examine employee performance using metrics to ensure that employees are meeting performance standards. Employees that don't measure up can be subjected to additional training or let go in favor a replacement who can come in and do the job.
Disadvantages of information technology in Business: Implementation Expenses: Small businesses fail to afford this expensive technology so

they end up losing their clients to a business which has improved its technology and provides a better service or product.

Job Elimination: Technology has replaced most positions which humans used to occupy.

Accounting is now being done by software, so accountants run out of opportunities.

Security Breaches: Since businesses store their data on remote cloud servers which can be

accessed with a user name and password, they risk losing that data to wrong minded knowledge works, hackers or viruses, which can harm he business.
Business Relationships

Internet technology -- such as chat rooms, Skype and other software -- has made it possible to hold meetings without all parties being physically present in the same place. A drawback is that meeting with somebody over the Internet is much less personal than meeting face-to-face. Internet technology in business decreases the personal aspect of business relationships. Business people used to network in restaurants and on golf courses. Today, the lack of physical proximity decreases brainstorming and other communications that use a personal touch.
Employee Morale

Installing monitoring software in the workplace sends the message to employees that the company does not trust them, according to research done under the aegis of professor Howard Besser while teaching at New York University. Giving employees responsibility, trust and respect boosts their morale and productivity. Showing them that they are not trusted and must be recorded decreases morale and worker productivity. This is true regardless of the actual reasons for installing monitoring software, according to the same research.
Spam

Spam refers to unwanted and unsolicited email messages. Spam is widespread and has negative impacts on business, according to the article "Impact of Information Technology on Global Business" published by Purdue University. Wading through spam email is a waste of time, and spam filters can only do so much. Users of spam filters must then check for necessary email messages diverted incorrectly as spam.
Brick and Mortar

The popularity of ecommerce has had a negative impact on brick-and-mortar retail stores. Smaller stores are finding more and more difficult to compete with both Internet businesses and larger retail stores. For example, small community bookstores must compete with Amazon.com as well as large stores such as Barnes & Noble that sell in person and online. Sometimes the smaller stores end up going out of business.
Q. 1. How do we leverage technology in marketing?

Answer: In the digital space, with things like Facebook and Google and others, we find that the return on investment of the advertising, when properly designed, when the big idea is there, can be much more efficient. One example is our Old Spice campaign, where we had 1.8 billion free impressions.

The word "free" had raised a lot of eyebrows and threatened many on the future of advertising & marketing services business models.the digital is the new mass market and that P&G does not have to pay big bucks to catch the attention & mindspace of such consumers, which they normally end-up spending for their brands offline. While I agree - some platforms will have to be leveraged where millions of consumers are already there in the digital market place, other marketing technologies need to be identified, invested and nurtured very carefully as most of these will increasingly become fragmented as more disruptive marketing technologies emerge in the years to come. In fact I hold a contrarian view that everything will not be free but I see technology marketing creating a new model of marketing spending - micro investing & budgeting - A lot of small budgets will have to apportioned intelligently across multiple technologies which can help marketing meet its brand objectives! Instead of a bazooka approach, it will be a stealth-gun method.As I see the future, many new technologies will keep coming-up and world of technology marketing is going to see many disruptive innovations - by way of customer engagment technologies, customer experience platforms, payment technologies, BIG data &

Analytics etc.. Today, it might be the facebook ,google+, twitter etc. and tomorrow it might be Pintrest, Instagram , some kind of a 3D software game etc. 1) The question really is how should brands decide which of these technologies do they need to invest and grow their marketing spends on? 2) Many a times, there is a need to adopt more depth to their thinking on how these technologies can leverage their current marketing strategies 3) Also, they need to evaluate and prioritize them from a host of options available to them but need to see which ones amongst them has a best-fit match to their marketing objectives. 4)They must refrain from having a herd mentality basis the buzz some of these technology marketing platforms create and start to adopt them without any framework or approach 5) Given they have limited resources and time to invest, it is important to debate & agree with all their marketing partners - both internal & external on how it will help achieve brand KPIs 6) Also, CIO & CMO will have to start working very closely as many of these technologies will link many of the company's internal departments like never before.

Q. 3. How can Indian IT sector be revamped? Answer:

Introduction:

For the past couple of years, the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh has used Information Technology (IT) as a "mantra" to get his state to march forward. He has drawn considerable attention in India as well as the rest of the world and is today often referred to as the CEO of Andhra Pradesh. The new BJP-led government at Delhi, recognising the role that IT is playing in the world today in enabling countries to strengthen their technological leadership, and the considerable contributions that Indian professionals are making in this arena both in India and abroad, set up a high-powered IT task force, to break Indias shackles and make her "a Global IT Superpower and a front-runner in the age of Information Revolution".
The Current Scenario:

The software industry in India gained recognition in the early eighties, as companies took up export of trained software manpower, especially to USA. Very soon, instead of just exporting persons, several companies started taking up software projects at customer sites, and sent their professionals to carry out this task. Starting with routine jobs, most companies graduated to more and more sophisticated tasks and India started getting recognised as having special talent for software development and management of software projects.

It was only in the early nineties, after the Indian software industry got sufficient recognition, that Indian companies were able to win contracts in a large way to carry out software projects offshore (in India). From then on, projects have gotten more sophisticated and bigger. Today, even though the software tasks carried out by India for the West may amount to a small portion of the worldwide IT industry, Indian companies and professionals are regarded as amongst the best in the world. However, having achieved considerable success, most front-running software companies are dissatisfied with their performance. They recognise that they have come up with very few products that they own. Although they may have made significant contributions to many products on the shelves, hardly any carry their brand names. They are eager to make and own products, but they have little experience in marketing products worldwide. The home market is still too small to allow these products a trial site as well as a little protection, before they could handle fierce competition.Product ownership is imperative if the Indian software industry is to take a major leap forward. Certain parts of the IT task force report aim to address this need by proposing liberalisation. However, the task force report does not address how to enable Indian companies to handle market their products worldwide. Maybe this is best left to the innovativeness of the industry itself. Another problem that Indian software houses face is the large-scale migration of software manpower. With the dollar continually appreciating vis-a-vis rupee, the continued large-scale shortage of software professionals in the West, and the large income difference for these professionals in India and the West, a large section of Indian software personnel stay in India only until they get trained and an opportunity to move abroad. Most software companies have unsuccessfully tried restrictions such as bonds to stem this outflow, but have slowly come to live with this phenomenon. Making the work here more challenging, providing better remuneration, and more recently awarding them a part of the company's stock, to give a sense of ownership, are what the companies are offering. The IT task force moves in the right direction by calling for liberalising of the stock ownership rules for employees. The task force is however silent on the larger issues such as the impact that the increasing earnings for professionals in the software sector, and the growing difference between incomes in this sector and other sectors of the Indian economy, will have on Indian polity and society.
IT in India:

What is normally regarded as Indias greatest weakness the large population can also be a strength. While the growing population has created a lot of problems in the country, it also represents a large potential market. This potential can be converted into reality only if the products are affordable to a large section of its people, and this is indeed a difficult task since most people of the country can afford very little. This is one of the reasons why India is yet to be converted into a large internal market, in which Indian companies can learn and consolidate. Without this, it is difficult to compete in the world market. It is not that IT has made no difference so far in India. Introduction of IT has made some noticeable differences, railway ticket bookings is probably the most visible example. Even small shops and offices are now installing computers with some home-grown software. There are many small software companies located in garages. They have served the Indian market, and have gradually grown. However, these companies have rarely anything in common with the large

software export houses. The software houses, with the high salaries paid to its employees, have largely priced themselves out of the Indian market. Expenditure in dollar terms cannot be matched by income in rupees. This is one of the greatest dilemmas facing the Indian IT industry. Unfortunately, the IT task force has not addressed this issue.
Internet for All:

It is Internet access which has transformed computers from mere computing machines to drivers of the information age. The IT task force, therefore, rightly calls for Internet access for all, recognising that access to Internet or lack of it will create tomorrows divide between haves and have-nots. The problem is that widespread Internet access pre-supposes a widespread telecom network and access to telephones. It is generally not known that a telephone in India costs upwards of Rs.30,000 to install. Taking a mere 15% as yearly finance charges on investment, and 15% as yearly operation, maintenance and obsolescence charges, an operator requires a minimum revenue of 30% of Rs.30,000, or Rs.9,000, a year from each telephone to break even. This implies that our telephone bills needs to exceed Rs.9,000 per year. Now, who in India can afford this? Not more than 1.2% of its population. Even with cross-subsidy (a smaller number of people generating much higher revenues) not more than 3.4% of the people can afford telephones. How do we talk about providing Internet for all without facing this basic issue? Any alternate access network for Internet alone is unlikely to bring down the cost, compared to a network which provides Internet connectivity along with voice telephony. As it is the access cost which dominate the cost of the telecom network today, a country like India can ill-afford two access networks reaching individual homes. Emerging technologies like wireless and cable modem are indeed welcome as they reduce the cost of access, but looking at these to provide an alternate access network separate from that providing voice telephony, is only going to increase overall costs. Current regulations are the only reason why an access network, other than a licensed telephone network, cannot be used for voice in addition to data access.

R&D initiatives in Telecom and IT:

The major Indian initiative in R&D in the telecom sector has been, of course, C-DoT. This initiative delivered not just a product (C-DoT exchanges serve about a third of the 16 million lines in use in India today, which is no mean achievement), but created a belief amongst Indian engineers that they can design an exchange for India which would serve them better than available products. Such R&D efforts have resulted in the germination of seed which could enable India grow into one of the leading IT design houses of the world. But much is needed to nurture this plant. In a fiercely competitive industry where each design has to standup successfully in the market place, it is not governmental monetary support that is the most important. Venture capital will fill this space and the IT task force does talk about creation of such venture capital. What is needed is encouragement, and enabling of the locally designed product to have a good trial in domestic market. It is not tariff protection that is needed, but assistance that neutralises finance muscle, brand-name muscle and the "foreign-products-are-better" mindset ranged against most indigenously developed products. The IT task force has not sufficiently expressed itself on this matter.

IT Education:

The goals that the IT task force has set for itself would require a very large pool of trained personnel. The task force seems to be seized of the matter as it aims to bring computers and Internet to every school and setup SMART schools and institutes in the area of Telecommunications and Computer Science. The Indian Institutes of Technology and deemed institutes and universities have indeed provided good training in these areas. The persons graduating from these institutes are recognized as amongst the best in the world. The numbers are not too small (though they can be increased to an extent) and these people could provide the required technological leadership to the country if only they decided to stay in the country. Merely increasing the number trained in such institutions, would not necessarily increase the availability of such manpower in India. Similarly a large number of private engineering institutions and computer training centres have come up which train a very large number of personnel in the country. The process is continuing, and little needs to be done today to enhance this pace. The problem is that such training is often limited in scope and these institutions churn out what can be described as technician level people. Even though such training is useful, what is needed is a large body of middle-level people with good knowledge and skills. There is little effort in this direction and it is left for the persons to train themselves on the job to reach the next level. This is largely inadequate. If the targets set by the IT task force are to become a reality, one needs to concentrate on improving the middle-level colleges throughout the country. Good knowledge and skills; rather than a degree or certificate, have to be the hallmark. Hopefully, the IT institutions being setup in different states will do exactly this. Continuing education courses, open universities and Internet based education, will also hopefully focus on this.

Q. 4. Write a short note on SCM technology followed by Wal-Mart and ITC. Answer: Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of an interconnected or interlinked between network, channel and node businesses involved in the provision of product and service packages required by the end customers in a supply chain.Supply chain management spans the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. It is also defined as the design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally.SCM draws heavily from the areas of operations management, logistics, procurement, and information technology, and strives for an integrated approach. Functions Supply chain management is a cross-functional approach that includes managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into

finished goods, and the movement of finished goods out of the organization and toward the end consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they reduce their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other firms that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect is to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing managerial control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of the concept of supply chain management. The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and the velocity of inventory movement. WAL-MART: Walmarts Keys to Successful Supply Chain Management Over the past ten years, Walmart has become the worlds largest and arguably most powerful retailer with the highest sales per square foot, inventory turnover, and operating profit of any discount retailer. Walmart owes its transition from regional retailer to global powerhouse largely to changes in and effective management of its supply chain. Walmart began with the goal to provide customers with the goods they wanted when and where they wanted them. Walmart then focused on developing cost structures that allowed it to offer low everyday pricing.

Walmarts Method of Managing the Supply Chain:

Walmart has been able to assume market leadership position primarily due to its efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution to stores. Its supply chain strategy has four key components: vendor partnerships, cross docking and distribution management, technology, and integration.Walmarts supply chain begins with strategic sourcing to find products at the best price from suppliers who are in a position to ensure they can meet demand. Walmart establishes strategic partnerships with most of their vendors, offering them the potential for long-term and high volume purchases in exchange for the lowest possible prices. Suppliers then ship product to Walmarts distribution centers where the product is cross docked and then delivered to Walmart stores. Cross docking, distribution management, and transportation management keep inventory and transportation costs down, reducing transportation time and eliminating inefficiencies. Technology plays a key role in Walmarts supply chain, serving as the foundation of their supply chain. Walmart has the largest information technology infrastructure of any private company in the world. Its state-of-the-art technology and network design allow Walmart to accurately forecast demand, track and predict inventory levels, create highly efficient transportation routes, and manage customer relationships and service response logistics.

ITC Ltd: Supply Chain Management is getting the right things to the right places at the right times, for profit. New information and communications technologies have revolutionized todays supply chains, making them extraordinarily better and faster. The supply chain has basically four components: Production: where businesses focus on how much to produce, where to produce it, and what suppliers to use. Inventory: where businesses decide where to store their products, and how much to store. Distribution: where businesses address questions about how their products should be moved and stored. Payments: where businesses look for the best ways to pay suppliers and get paid by customers. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN ITC LTD:

Indian Tobacco Division (ITD) Market leaders in Cigarettes and Tobacco business& is among Indias most profitable companies Brands owned by ITC Ltd are Wills Classic, Wills Navy Cut, Gold Flake, Bristol and Scissors ITD also sells two luxury filter brands of its parent company Benson & Hedges and 555 Four manufacturing units for cigarettes at Bangalore, Saharanpur, Kidder pore, Munger Andra Pradesh.

Cigarette manufacturing process involves processing of tobacco leaf and stem to different tobacco blends, which is called cut tobacco. Cut tobacco is then converted to cigarettes using other raw materials for making cigarettes and packing them in various forms as per the trading requirements ITD receives various grades of Tobacco Leaf and Stem from Indian Leaf Tobacco Division (ILTD) based mainly in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Processed to form tobacco blends at one of the three Tobacco Processing Units at Bangalore, Saharanpurand Munger. Tobacco Processing Unit is called PMD or Primary Manufacturing Division. The cut tobacco is then sent to the Secondary Manufacturing Division (SMD) for making and packing cigarettes. Finished Good (Cigarettes) are supplied from the factories to godowns using mainly road and rail transportation. From marketing godowns, the FG flows to wholesale distributors and from there on to retail channel. Requirement for each warehouse is Raw materials, intermediates and the final product sourcing/distribution in widespread across the country .Few items have more than 1 supplier for the raw material e.g. filter rods can be sourced from either Mumbai, Bangalore or Devas in MP Huge supply-demand network for cigarette business, which must operate in the cost optimal way to maximize the profits.

5.1) Identify the loop hole in Aadhar process? And also sugessitions to improve the same. Statistics : India is a country with 1.2 billion population where 65-70 % population still lives in villages. In villages of india still the basic eminities are not been provided due to which there is poor food availability . Also from the economical view india has extreme financial illiteracy due to which many people in remote areas dont know about governments policies due to which they are not benifitted with same. Now as per the parliamentary board there should be a mechanism to deal with identification of haves and haves not from economical view. There are broadly five important arguments in the SCoF(standing committee on finance) report. First, it contains scathing criticism of the government for beginning Aadhaar enrolment without Parliament's approval for the Bill. Currently, UIDAI enjoys only executive authority, and no statutory authority. The justification that the government presented before the SCoF was as follows: the powers of the executive are co-extensive with the legislative powers of the government, and this allows the government to exercise executive powers in spheres not regulated by legislation. The government also cited the Attorney-General's advice, which noted that executive power operates independently of Parliament and that there is nothing in law that prevents the [UIDAI] from functioning under the Executive Authorisation.

The SCoF rejects this position, and states that the government's legal justification does not satisfy the Committee. The legal position upheld by the SCoF is that co-extensiveness of powers does not permit the executive to do what it pleases; when constitutional rights and protections are potentially violated, the powers of the executive remain circumscribed by those of the legislature. Secondly, the SCoF raises serious questions about the enrolment process followed for Aadhaar numbers. The issue of Aadhaar numbers is riddled with serious lacunae, and this problem can be traced to conceptualisation with no clarity of purpose and implementation in a directionless way with a lot of confusion. For instance, the Ministry of Finance felt that there was lack of coordination across the six agencies collecting personal information, leading to duplication of efforts and expenditure. The Ministry of Home raised serious security concerns over the introducer model used to enrol persons without any proof of residence. The report concludes that the enrolment process compromises the security and confidentiality of information of Aadhaar number holders, and has far reaching consequences for national security. The reason: the possibility of possession of Aadhaar numbers by illegal residents through false affidavits/introducer system. Thirdly, the SCoF comes down heavily on the government for proceeding with the project without enactment of a national data protection law, which is a pre-requisite for any law that deals with large-scale collection of information from individuals and its linkages across separate databases.

In its submission to the SCoF, the government had taken a dismissive view of the right to privacy of individuals. It noted that collection of information without a privacy law in place does not violate the right to privacy of the individual. The SCoF rejects this view, and notes that in the absence of legislation for data protection, it would be difficult to deal with the issues like access and misuse of personal information, surveillance, profiling, linking and matching of databases and securing confidentiality of information.

Fourthly, the report strongly disapproves of the hasty manner in which the project was cleared. It concludes that a comprehensive feasibility studyought to have been done before approving such an expensive scheme. This conclusion follows the government's admission to the SCoF that no committee has been constituted to study the financial implications of the UID scheme, and that comparative costs of the Aadhaar number and various existing ID documents are also not available.

The total cost of the Aadhaar project would run into multiples of ten thousand crore of rupees. For just Phase 1 and 2, where 10 crore residents were to be enrolled, the allocation was Rs. 3,170 crore. For Phase 3, where another 10 crore residents are to be enrolled, the allocation is Rs. 8,861 crore. In a rough extrapolation, for 120 crore residents the total cost would then be over Rs. 72,000 crore. Is the Comptroller and Auditor General listening?

Fifthly, the report tears apart the faith placed on biometrics to prove the unique identity of individuals. It notes that the scheme is full of uncertainty in technology and is built upon untested, unreliable technology. It criticises the UIDAI for disregarding (a) the warnings of its Biometrics Standards Committee about high error rates in fingerprint collection; (b) the inability of Proof of Concept studies to promise low error rates when 1.2 billion persons are enrolled; and (c) the reservations within the government on the necessity of collection of IRIS image. The report concludes that, given the limitations of biometrics, it is unlikely that the proposed objectives of the UID scheme could be achieved. . 3) Explain in context of Aadhar All eggs in one basket easy to carry but more risky

Answer: It is widely known that the Aadhar card, apart from containing all an individuals bio metric data, also can be have (by an individuals choice) PAN card information, drivers license, passport details, LPG connection information and bank account details among others. This is putting the risk of misuse of information. Basically all the other card no.s will be linked to an individual Aadhar no. The main concern in everybodys mind is whether or not the government in general, has less information about people than more! This is like uniting databases in separate disconnected organs. So in short, since individuals have the choice to link al their other ID details with their Aadhar no. the concern of data leaks is most threatening, if giving a PAN no. can suddenly track your bank account information and so on, so even though linking is a good thing, people may be vary of doing so.

4) what are your Viewpoint on the application mentioned in theory and there practical use? Answer: The above all applicatons regarding aadhar be successful only when we have a strong central vigilance system. above all good governance will play a very vital role in implementation of the same. Corruption is so rampant in the Indian governing system that needy are overlooked due to extreme interference of political masters for money and power. The basic aim of aadhar was to identify the poor ,the section of below poverty line but bad implementations in the whole process and the loop holes discussed above have once again prove that we are not ready to do justice to vast population without a perfect plan. Also when indentification of a person is concerned due to their illiterate background they dont have any photo identity and also paper work done . Also if each work in our country just need an uid card then it would lead to privacy paralysis since all the important data will be avallable on the card or with the government.

So in my view first villagers farmers and laborer should be identified and be given all the facilities through the government facilities. Q.5.5 PRIVACY CONCERN There are a lot of privacy concerns as far as the UID process goes. While making your aadhar card,they ask for a lot of personal information. Moreover,this information,the transactions that you do,your record,everything will be visible to the people who have access to the aadhar database. A lot of activities like small complaints against you,any small illness that you might have can be seen through the aadhar card. This is a huge infringement into the privacy of the individual. Apart from this,there are no data protection laws enforced on the aadhar process. The sensitive data could be hacked into or it could leak thus causing problems to the people. There have been cases where duplicate data has been found. Data of over 3 lakh people was lost in Maharashtra. These are some serious privacy issues which need to be addressed if aadhar scheme is to be a success.