alias Create an alias alloc List used and free memory awk Find and Replace text within file(s) b basename Convert a full pathname to just a filename bash ourne!"#ain $%ell b# $end to back#round bind &isplay readline key and function bindin#s bless $et volume bootability and startup disk options' break (xit from a For) *hile) +ntil or $elect loop builtin (xecute a shell builtin b,ip Compress or decompress files c cal &isplay a calendar caller Return the context of a subroutine call case Conditionally perform a command cat &isplay the contents of a file cd Chan#e &irectory chfla#s Chan#e a file or folder-s fla#s ch#rp Chan#e #roup ownership chmod Chan#e access permissions chown Chan#e file owner and #roup chroot Run a command with a different root directory cksum .rint CRC checksum and byte counts clear Clear terminal screen cmp Compare two files comm Compare two sorted files line by
line command Run a command (not a function) complete (dit a command completion /word0pattern0list1 continue Resume the next iteration of a loop cp Copy one or more files to another location cron &aemon to execute scheduled commands crontab $chedule a command to run at a later date0time cut &ivide a file into several parts d date &isplay or chan#e the date 2 time dc &esk Calculator dd &ata &ump ! Convert and copy a file declare &eclare variable 2 set attributes defaults $et preferences) show hidden files df &isplay free disk space diff &isplay the differences between two files diff3 $how differences amon# three files di# &4$ lookup dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path dirs &isplay list of remembered directories diskutil &isk utilities ! Format) 5erify) Repair disown +nbind a job from the current lo#in session ditto Copy files and folders dot6clean Remove dot!underscore files drutil 7nteract with C&0&5& burners dscacheutil 8uery or flush the &irectory $ervice0&4$ cache dscl &irectory $ervice command line
utility du e echo ed enable commands env eval exec exit expand expect interactive export expr
(stimate file space usa#e &isplay messa#e on screen " line!oriented text editor (edlin) (nable and disable builtin shell $et environment and run a utility (valuate several commands0ar#uments (xecute a command (xit the shell Convert tabs to spaces .ro#rammed dialo#ue with pro#rams "lso see "pple$cript $et an environment variable (valuate expressions
false &o nothin#) unsuccessfully fc Fix command (history) fdisk .artition table manipulator for &arwin +F$0%F$0&9$ f# $end job to fore#round file &etermine file type find $earch for files that meet a desired criteria fmt Reformat para#raph text fold *rap text to fit a specified width for Loop command fsck Filesystem consistency check and repair fsaclctl Filesystem enable0disable "CL support fs6usa#e Filesystem usa#e (process0pathname) ftp 7nternet file transfer pro#ram # :etFile7nfo :et attributes of %F$; files
#etopt .arse positional parameters #etopts .arse positional parameters #oto <ump to label and continue execution #rep $earch file(s) for lines that match a #iven pattern #roups .rint #roup names a user is in #,ip Compress or decompress files h hash Refresh the cached0remembered location of commands head &isplay the first lines of a file hdiutil =anipulate iso disk ima#es history Command %istory hostname .rint or set system name i id .rint user and #roup names0id-s if Conditionally perform a command info %elp info install Copy files and set attributes j jobs List active jobs join <oin lines on a common field k kextfind List kernel extensions kickstart Confi#ure "pple Remote &esktop kill $top a process from runnin# l l List files in lon# format (ls !l) last 7ndicate last lo#ins of users and ttys launchctl Load or unload daemons0a#ents ll List files in lon# format) showin# invisible files (ls !la) less &isplay output one screen at a time let (valuate expression lipo Convert a universal binary ln =ake links between files (hard
links) symbolic links) local $et a local (function) variable locate Find files lo#name .rint current lo#in name lo#in lo# into the computer lo#out (xit a lo#in shell (bye) lpr .rint files lprm Remove jobs from the print >ueue lpstat .rinter status information ls List information about file(s) lsre#ister Reset the Launch $ervices database lsbom List a bill of materials file lsof List open files m man %elp manual mdfind $potli#ht search mdutil =ana#e $potli#ht metadata store mkdir Create new folder(s) mkfifo =ake F7F9s (named pipes) more &isplay output one screen at a time mount =ount a file system mv =ove or rename files or directories n net =ana#e network resources netstat $how network status networksetup 4etwork and $ystem .references nice $et the priority of a command nohup Run a command immune to han#ups ntfs'util 4?F$ file system utility o onintr Control the action of a shell interrupt open 9pen a file0folder0+RL0"pplication osacompile Compile "pplescript osascript (xecute "pple$cript p passwd =odify a user password paste =er#e lines of files
pbcopy Copy data to the clipboard pbpaste .aste data from the Clipboard pico $imple text editor pin# ?est a network connection pk#util 8uery and manipulate installed packa#es plutil .roperty list utility pmset .ower =ana#ement settin#s popd Restore the previous value of the current directory pr Convert text files for printin# printenv .rint environment variables printf Format and print data ps .rocess status pushd $ave and then chan#e the current directory pwd .rint *orkin# &irectory > >uota &isplay disk usa#e and limits r rcp Copy files between machines read Read one line from standard input readonly =ark a variable or function as read!only reboot $top and restart the system return (xit a function rev Reverse lines of a file rm Remove files rmdir Remove folder(s) rpm Remote .acka#e =ana#er rsync Remote file copy ! $ync file tree (also Rsync@) s say Convert text to audible speech screen =ultiplex terminal) run remote shells via ssh screencapture Capture screen ima#e to file or disk
sdiff =er#e two files interactively security "dminister Aeychains) keys) certificates and the $ecurity framework sed $tream (ditor select :enerate a list of items set $et a shell variable B value setfile $et attributes of %F$; files shift $hift positional parameters shopt $et shell options shutdown $hutdown or restart 9$ @ sleep &elay for a specified time softwareupdate $ystem software update tool sort $ort text files source (xecute commands from a file split $plit a file into fixed!si,e pieces stop $top a job or process su $ubstitute user identity sudo (xecute a command as another user sum .rint a checksum for a file suspend $uspend execution of this shell sw6vers .rint =ac 9$ @ operatin# system version system6profiler Report system confi#uration systemsetup Computer and display system settin#s t tail 9utput the last part of files tar ?ape "Rchiver tee Redirect output to multiple files test Condition evaluation textutil =anipulate text files in various formats (&oc)html)rtf) time =easure .ro#ram Resource +se times .rint shell 2 shell process times touch Chan#e file timestamps tr ?ranslate) s>uee,e) and0or delete characters trap (xecute a command when the shell
receives a si#nal traceroute ?race Route to %ost true &o nothin#) successfully tty .rint filename of terminal on stdin type &escribe a command u ufs'util =ount0unmount +F$ file system ulimit limit the use of system!wide resources umask +sers file creation mask umount +nmount a device unalias Remove an alias uname .rint system information unexpand Convert spaces to tabs uni> +ni>uify files units Convert units from one scale to another unset Remove variable or function names until Loop command users .rint lo#in names of users currently lo##ed in uuencode (ncode a binary file uudecode &ecode a file created by uuencode uuid#en :enerate a +ni>ue 7& (++7&0:+7&) uucp +nix to +nix copy v vi ?ext (ditor w wait *ait for a process to complete wc .rint byte) word) and line counts where Report all known instances of a command which Locate a pro#ram file in the user-s path while Loop command who .rint all usernames currently lo##ed on whoami .rint the current user id and name
$end a messa#e to another user (xecute utility ! passin# ar#uments .rint a strin# until interrupted