Contents

I II III IV

Waste Management in General Brief Introduction of Technologies Waste Management Status in Korea Why Halla as your partner for Waste to Energy Plant

Halla Energy & Environment

I. Waste Management in General

Halla Energy & Environment

01. Waste Management by Type

Glass/Metal Paper/Plastics

Organic

Residual Waste

Collection

Collection

Collection

Recovery

Composting

Incineration

Recycling

Landfill

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02. Waste Management Hierarchy

Reduction

Source reduction in household & industry

Reuse

Bottle, Paper, etc.

Recycling

Recycled metal, Plastic, Paper, Wood, etc.

Energy Recovery with Heat & Power

Landfill with Energy

Incineration plant with utilization of waste energy

Landfill with utilization of landfill gas

Landfill

Dispose residue after Reuse, Recycling and Recovery

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03. Energy Recovery from Waste

Fuel LCV (kcal) EQ, Energy Waste 2,632 4ton LNG 9,550 1.1Nm3 Coal 5,950 1.8ton Diesel 8,450 1.2ton

By incinerating of 1ton of waste, 2MWh district heating and 0.67MWh electricity can be produced.

According to the statistics of Korean Environmental Agency, the calorific value of waste in 2008 is 2,632kcal/kg on average.

Therefore, 4tons of waste substitutes 1.2ton of Diesel or 1.8 ton of Coal.

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II. Brief Introduction of Technologies

Halla Energy & Environment

01. Stoker Type Waste Incineration System

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02. MBT System

Trommel Screen Combustible Storage Hopper

Wind Separator

NIR Separator

< 80mm

80~200mm

50mm

MSW
Vibrating Screen Dryer 50mm Magnetic Separator Magnetic Separator Shredder Shredder

Disc Separator

Crusher < 50mm < 50mm

Storage Hopper

Neutralizer Storage Hopper

Non-Fe Separator

Non-Fe Separator

RDF
Pelletizer

Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling

Incombustible

Ferrous Metal

Non-Ferrous Incombustible Metal Recycling Landfill

Landfill

Recycling

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03. Comparison of Technologies

Below is preliminary comparison of Stocker type incineration and MBT + RDF fueled power plants based on the assumption of 1,000TPD fresh waste . Please note that the figures herein are just reference only for the purpose of comparison of both technologies.
Classification Plant Capacity Assumed Incinerator MBT + RDF Power Plant

Incineration Facility : 1,000 TPD

Fresh Waste 1,000 TPD

RDF 500 TPD

Residue of Waste Bottom ash and fly ash: 110 TPD To be landfilled Construction Area 12,000 (80m X 150m)

Incombustible : 240TPD 32,400 - Power Generation Plant : 50m X 150m - RDF processing plant : 120m X 220m MBT Facility : USD 110,000 ~ 150,000/ton Power Generation Plant : USD 200,000 ~ 250,000/ton Total : USD 210,000 ~ 275,000/ton MBT : USD 15 ~ 25/ton Power Generation : USD 40 ~ 50/ton Total : USD 35 ~ 50/ton

Budgetary CAPEX Incinerator : USD 150,000 ~ 200,000/ton (CAPEX/Ton) OPEX (Exclusion from Incinerator: USD 30 ~ 40/ton Operating Benefit)

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03. Comparison of Technologies

Classification Expected Power Generation Self-Consumption Incinerator 27.0MW @2,500kcal/kg 3.5MWH from Incineration Facility 1,000 TPD MBT + RDF Power Plant 21.0MW @3,800kcal/kg 2.0 MW for Power Generation Facility 500 TPD 5.0 MW for MBT Facility 1,000 TPD Total: 7.0MW 14.0MW

Possible Sale of Electric Power

23.5MW

Necessary Operation Manpower

38 people

48 people

Construction Period

30 Months (Including Commissioning Period for 3 Months) In Korea, more than 50 waste incineration plants are being operated (only for 50TPD or over capacity)

30 Months (Including Commissioning Period for 3 Months) A 200 TPD MBT plant is under trial-running at Sudokwon Landfill site. Wonju (80 TPD), Bucheon (90 TPD) and a few other plants are being operated. Some other plants in Pohang, Busan, Daegu, and Gwangju, etc. are being planned but being delayed.

Operating Plants in Korea

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03. Comparison of Technologies

Classification Incinerator - Continuous treatment is possible even with some uneven qualities of fresh waste. - Extension of landfill sites lifetime (twice of MBT facility and so reduction of land consumption for landfill - Most reliable and stable technology proven through the Advantages most popular installations - Lower consumption of electric power for operation than RDF power plant - Less O&M manpower than RDF power plant MBT + RDF Power Plant - Higher quality of fuel can be obtained. - Easier transportation of RDF fuel generated to other sites for fueling.

- Higher Exhaust Gases may be occurred. - The Stability of Boiler for Generating Steam is weaker than that of RDF Boiler. Disadvantages

- Considerably larger land space for plant construction (approximately by 3 times of incineration Plant.) needed. - Large space of landfill site shall be maintained which in the long run will be a severe burdensome. - Lower Energy Efficiency than incineration plant - Higher Manpower and Cost for O & M

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III. Waste Management Status in Korea

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01. Major Trend of Environmental Policies and Issues

GDP(US$) GDP (US$)
25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000
Seoul Olympic(88) International financial crisis(08) Announced Green Growth(08)

20,753
IMF economic crisis(97) World Cup(02)

1985
Volume Based Waste Fee System(95) Establishment of Waste control law(86) Changwon (200TPD x 1), Busan Dadae (200TPD x 1) Waste to Energy Plant Completion (95) Enforcement of Waste Disposal Charge(93) Establishment of Resources saving law (92) The 1st Waste to Energy Plant Completion(92) EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) (03)

2010
Comprehensive countermeasures for Energy recovery from waste and biomass(09) Countermeasures for Recycling of Used Metal Resources(10)

Waste lawful disposal system(02)

Food waste Separate collection(05)

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02. Waste Generation Status

Growth rate of MSW generation has been slowed due to Governments policy to reduce the MSW Production such as Volume Based Waste Fee System and Restriction on Disposable Products. But industrial and construction wastes have been constantly increasing with the expanding business and economy of the country.

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03. Waste Treatment Status

Ratio of recycling and incineration being increased while landfilling being decreased. In 2010, 60.5% by recycling, 21.6% by Incineration, 17.9% by Landfill against 56.6%, 17.0%, and 25.8% respectively in 2006 (based on MSW)

MSW : Recycling/Incineration Landfill

- 06(%) Recycling 56.6, Incineration 17.0, Landfill 25.8 - 10(%) Recycling 60.5, Incineration 21.6, Landfill 17.9

Industrial Waste : Recycling Incineration / Disposal to Sea

- 06(%) Recycling 59.4, Incineration 7.6, Landfill 23.3, Disposal 9.4 - 10(%) Recycling 72.3, Incineration 5.8, Landfill 16.9, Disposal 5.0

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04. Change of Waste Management Paradigm

2Es 3Es

Change of Direction
Environment Economy

Energy Energy

Environment

Economy

Classification Policy Goal Approach Policy Means

Existing Waste Management Fresh Living Environment Reduce, Recycle, Safety Treatment Garbage Disposal System, Expansion of waste treatment facility

New Waste Management Sustainable recycling society Zero Waste, CO2 Reduction Expanding of recycling industry support, Strengthening of Energy Recovery, Reduce Policy

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

Recovery

Establishment of 4R System

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05. Waste Energy Utilization

Utilization of waste heat (Gcal/yr) Capacity (ton/day) Waste heat (Gcal/yr) Total 12,468 5,521,278 4,891,184 Electricity 1,133,708 Heat 3,757,476

Waste to energy report, 2009.12 (Korea environment & resources corporation)

Electricity 23.2%

WTE plants in Korea : 42 sites Energy recovery efficiency : 88.6% (4,891,184 Gcal/yr Gcal/yr of 5,521,279 Gcal/yr) Gcal/yr)

Energy Recovery 88.6%

Heat 76.8%

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06. Waste Management Status by Facility

Public sectors only. Division Landfill Waste to Energy by Incineration Sorting Facility RDF, etc. Organic Waste No. of Facility (EA) 204 Designed Capacity (TPD) 196 Mil. M2 Remarks

172

15,662

Including MSW & Industrial wastes

217 4 43

4,723 480 37,889

Composting, etc. Total

85 725

5,538 64,292 Including no. of facility of landfill Except designed capacity of landfill

The 1st Korea National Resources Recycling Master Plan(2011~2015), 2011.09 (Ministry of Environment)
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IV. Why Halla as your partner for Waste to Energy Plant

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01. About Halla

1962 1978 1999

Headquarter

Hyundai International Inc.

Halla Eng'g & Heavy Industry Co., Ltd founded, and started the environmental business. Renamed as Halla Energy & Environment

Head Office : Halla Bldg., 174-14, Garak-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea Tel : +82-2-2047-5372 Fax : +82-2-2047-5395

Web Site : www.hallasanup.com

Manufacturing Facilities

1) Eumseong Factory Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea

2) Vina-Halla Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. & Factory My-Xuan B1 Industrial Zone, Tan Than district, Baria-Vungtau province, Vietnam Web site: www.vinahalla.com
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02. Major Locations

Beijing Office China

Halla Energy & Environment(India) Mumbai

Halla Energy & Environment Halla OMS Geoworks Korea

Vina Halla Heavy Industries BaRia-Vung Tau Vietnam

Saudi Arabia Office Al khobar

Malaysia Office Kuala Lumpur Indonesia Office Jakarta

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03. Major Business

Business Scope

Industrial Plant

Environmental Plant

Civil & Architecture

Total Solution
for Energy & Environment
Renewable Energy Operation & Maintenance

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04. Technical Collaboration with B&W Volund, Denmark

L90 , Esbjerg, Denmark, 2003 (1x576 TPD)

Babcock & Wilcox Volund(BWV) in Denmark is one of the world`s leading suppliers of equipment and technologies designed to convert household wastes and bio-fuels into thermal energy With 80 years of experience, BWV has offered solutions for Waste-to-Energy systems & Biomass Energy systems all over the world Halla Energy & Environment in technical tie-up with BWV since 1991 has made remarkable achievements in the field of waste to energy plants.

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05. General Process of Halla Waste to Energy Plant

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06. General Layout of Waste to Energy Plant

Incinerator & Boiler

Crane

Fluegas Treatment

Waste Storage Bunker

Turbine Generator

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07. Grate Systems for Incinerator

Halla Incinerator is suitable to burn waste continuously with - High combustion efficiency - Minimum emission of harmful substances - And Maximum energy recovery

The component part of the grate is of a rigid design developed for heavy-duty and high temperature operation.

Grate bar

Grate is divided with dry & ignition grate , combustion grate and burn-out grate.

Grate block

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08. Boiler

Halla Boiler is built as a standing boiler. This makes the design more advantageous and facilitates the erection.

The Boiler is a drum boiler with natural circulation.

Equal temperature of the walls all over in the pressure parts gives minimum thermal strains, so it is possible to use minimum wall thickness

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09. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Program

In order to achieve the best possible design of the system, Halla uses Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD programs as a tool for detailed engineering. CFD gives the designer the possibility of checking the design for a large number of critical factors such as velocities, particle impingement, oxygen concentration, temperature, surface temperature, corrosion etc. The client will receive a plant with a larger life expectancy and a more reliable operation

Gas Flow
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Temperature

CO

Particle Path

10. Proven Technology on EPC and O&M

750 TPD

Stoker 500 TPD 90 TPD

Stoker 600 TPD

Stoker 400 TPD Stoker 200 TPD

Stoker 200 TPD Stoker 400 TPD

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11. Significant Design, Manufacture, Construct, O&M Exprience with Well-Accepted Technology
Halla has significant experience in WTE Incineration plants design, manufacture, construction, and operation and maintenance Hallas WTE Incineration technology is tried, tested 15 reference sites in operation in Korea Hallas Mapo (Seoul) WTE incinerator was constructed on a decommissioned landfill site Halla leverages Danish expert Babcock & Wilcox Volund (BWV) for its WTE Incinerator technical expertise By way of technology license agreement between Halla and BWV for Asia since 1991 BWV widely considered the world leaders WTE incineration technology having 80 years of experience and 300 WTE plants in 29 countries

Mapo , Seoul, Korea, 2005 (750 TPD)

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12. Construction of a Landmark Mapo(Seoul) Plant built on Decommissioned Landfill Site

Rehabilitated landfill site transformed into a recreational park (Haneul) and golf course (Noeul) Waste to energy incinerator also built on top of landfill site Residential area and World Cup stadium adjacent to site and within 0.5-1.5km to the WTE incinerator
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13. How to Construct a WTE Incinerator On Top of the Decommissioned Landfill Site
WTE Incinerator LFG Detection System

Waste excavated for underground structure is stored temporally on landfill area The stored waste can be treated by WTE incinerator after completion

HDPE Membrane

Land Fill Gas (LFG) Collection gas pipe installed below the WTE incinerator LFG is collected and used for fuel HDPE Membrane sheet installed under the building preventing seepage of LFG into the incinerator building

Active Land fill (still expelling LFG)

LFG Collection Pipe

Foundation piling is installed into to stable soil through waste layer to ensure stability 6 month Rapid landfill stabilization system used prior to and during construction LFG detections/safety system put in place as a second precaution

This technique successfully applied in Hallas Mapo (Seoul) WTE incinerator project

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12. Change from Landfill to Environmental Friendly Park

Before

After

Noeul Park

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13. Reference Plants In Seoul Korea

Mokdong New Town WtE Plant, Western Seoul, Korea 550TPD

Nowon WtE Plant, Northern Seoul, Korea 800TPD

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13. Reference Plants In Seoul Korea

Kangnam WtE Plant, Southern Seoul, Korea 900TPD

Mapo WtE Plant, Northern Seoul, Korea 750TPD

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