Title of the Game: Chess Names of the People in the Group: Alegato, Lesly Bitoon, Mary Joy Cabije,

Jayvee Cocharo, Vhal Dao, Nerma Esmedina, Eva Gonzales, Wilbhoy Himotas, Maria Jessa Naya, P-Jay Charleston Rodrigo, Breezelyn Romero, Chris Nio Talaid, Lynnberg Anne Villanueva Jennifer

Course and Section: BSICT II-B Semester and School Year: First Semester, 20132014 Submitted To: Dr. Elizabeth Requilme

I.
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History
A Story of Chess (Especially in America) Chess originated from the two-player Indian war game, Chatarung, which dates back to 600 A.D. In 1000 A.D, chess spread to Europe by Persian traders. The piece next to the king was called a ferz in Persian, defined as a male counselor to the king. The Europeans concocted a more romantic imagery, and changed the ferzto a queen. At that time, the queen was the weakest piece on the board. The bishop was also a short-range piece. Because the queen and bishop were so weak, the game was much slower than it is today. It took a long time for a player to develop the pieces and even longer to checkmate the enemy king. Medieval chess players often started out with tabiyas, midgame starting positions to speed up the game. Medieval chess was extremely popular. Sometimes, a game of chess was used an excuse to allow a young man and woman intimate time alone. At the end of the 15th century, the rules underwent a sudden sea change. The queen transformed from the weakest piece on the board to the strongest! At the same time, the bishop became the long-range piece that it is today. These changes quickened the game's pace. The battle was intensified. Mistakes were harshly punished, tabiyas were no longer necessary, and violent checkmates were executed much more often than before. The inventor of these changes is unknown; probably the new rules were not thought up by an individual, but came about from collective experimentation. These new rules were standardized by the 16th century advent of mass production and the printing press. The faster paced game was more suitable for organized play, chess notation, codified rules, and strategy books. American chess was fortuitously trumpeted by founding father and chess aficionado Benjamin Franklin, who in 1750 penned "The Morals of Chess." Franklin's article praises the social and intellectual development that chess inspires. Franklin himself was known to while many hours away on chess, especially against beautiful women.

Paul Morphy, born in 1837 in New Orleans is hailed as the first American chess legend. After winning the 1857 American Chess Congress, Morphy accepted an invitation to Europe to take on the best players in England, France, and Germany. He crushed Adolph Anderssen, who was considered to be Europe's leading player. There was no world championship at the time, but Paul Morphy was unofficially acknowledged as the best player of his time. He was the first American to be recognized as the best in a cultural or intellectual field. Paul

Morphy quit chess soon after returning from Europe, and attempted to start a law practice. He was unsuccessful, and later went mad, believing that friends and family were out to kill him. He died at 1884 of a stroke while taking his customary midday bath. The first U.S Championship was held in 1845, and the first women's championship was held in 1937. The National Chess Federation, which promoted many of these tournaments, later became the USCF, officially founded in 1939. In 1972 USCF membership doubled due to interest in Bobby Fischer's rise to the World Championship. Bobby Fischer was born in Chicago in 1943 and raised in Brooklyn. He learned the rules at 6 and became the youngest ever U.S Champion in 1957. He played Boris Spassky for the World Championship in 1972 in Reykjavik, Iceland. It was a theatrical match involving scene changes, last minute no-shows and prima-donna-like requests to change the lighting, the height of the toilets, etc. Spassky added little of the aforementioned drama! It is the most celebrated match in chess history, touted as a Cold War intellectual battle. Fischer won the match 12.5-8.5. Shortly after, Fischer followed in the footsteps of Morphy and dropped out of chess. Bobby Fischer's death on January 17,2008 was a sad day for the United States Chess Federation and chess fans all over the world. FM Mike Klein's award-winning article, Searching for Fischer's Legacy explores the life and legacy of Fischer. Today the USCF organizes, promotes chess around the country, publishes the most widely read chess magazine in the world, Chess Life and maintains and updates a ratings database for over 100,000 players. U.S. Scholastic chess is booming. Thousands of children compete each year in national scholastic tournaments. The 2005 SuperNationals, held in Nashville, TN, hit a record high of 5230 participants! The most important development in chess in the past decade has been Internet chess and computer technology. There are numerous Internet chess venues such as the ICC and yahoo chess in which amateurs and professionals practice their openings, network and compete for cash prizes and rating points. ChessBase software allows any serious player to access a database of over 2 million games. Before the rounds of major tournaments, players frantically search their opponents' games on ChessBase, hoping to determine their opponent's chess style or which openings they favor. Press coverage of computer peaked in 1997, when the Deep Blue computer developed by IBM defeated Garry Kasparov. Garry lost by the narrowest of

margins, 2.5-3.5, and played well below his standard in the critical game. Still, many consider this match to be the death knell of humans' chances when playing against computers. The silicon beats are not permitted to play in most international and U.S. championships. The future of American chess is promising. Chess is increasingly covered by mainstream media, and since the game has rarely appeared on U.S. television, there is room for growth here. Another untapped chess market is the female population. Right now only 3-5% of USCF members are women. Raising this number would substantially increase USCF membership and also improve the image of chess. Schools across the country are adopting chess as part of the regular curriculum. The United States Chess Federation, and its presence in www.uschess.org and Chess Life magazine hope to raise the profile of chess all over the country, for every demographic.

II.
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Facilities and Equipment

It's possible to play chess without any equipment at all -- call it double blindfold -but it makes the game a lot less taxing on the brain if you have the proper accessories. On this page, you'll find introductory information about chess sets, pieces, boards, and clocks, plus a few other items specific to tournament use. Chess is right for any budget. The cost for a complete chess set runs from as little as a few dollars for a plastic and cardboard set to many thousands of dollars for a well-made collector set. The cost for a complete chess set runs from as little as a few dollars for a plastic and cardboard set to many thousands of dollars for a well-made collector set. Chess Sets Chess set usually means a board plus pieces. Some players say set to mean just the pieces. Sets can be bought as a board together with pieces or assembled by combining a board with separate pieces. The important thing about a chess set is that it be aesthetically pleasing. The size and color of the pieces should match the size and color of the squares on the board. Travel chess sets are for use in a car, train, or plane. The pieces are usually magnetic or pegged and there is a convenient place to store the pieces as they are exchanged off the board. Theme chess sets have the opposing armies designed on a specific motif, usually where the pieces are natural adversaries -- Cowboys vs. Indians, cats vs. dogs, or traditional rivals in some other sport -- and are more decorative than functional.

These sets are attractive to collectors, but are not suitable for tournament use or for serious play. 'Sorry, can you tell me again which one is the Knight?'

Chess Pieces The most familiar and popular pieces follow the Staunton pattern, first registered in 1849 by Nathaniel Cook. Staunton pieces are required for most tournaments. They are normally made from wood or plastic, although other materials can be used.

When purchasing a chess set, consider the colors of the opposing armies, the material used, the weight, the base size, the height of the pieces, and

whether the pieces are felted or not. Pieces for beginners sometimes have the legal moves printed on each piece. These are like training wheels for a bicycle and are soon replaced by a normal set. Chess Boards Although most chess positions are diagrammed with white & dark gray squares, very few boards use those colors or use white & black. Inexpensive boards often come with red & black squares, but these are hard on the eyes. Boards are also sold built into the table. The board should have adequate borders to place the clock and captured pieces. Many boards have coordinates for algebraic notation printed on two sides of the board. These are useful even for advanced players. A good, inexpensive choice is a vinyl rollup board, as shown on the left. These are the boards of choice for tournament use. Chess Clocks The first clocks, used in the 19th century, were sandglasses, which kept track of each player's time on a different device. These were soon superseded by two connected analog clocks. One player's clock starts as soon as the other player has made a move and punched the clock.

Analog clocks are equipped with a flag located between 11:00 and 12:00 on each clock face. As the minute hand gets close to 12:00, its tip catches the flag, and as the clock continues to run, the flag is pushed from a vertical to a horizontal position. As soon as the hand reaches 12:00, the flag falls. If this happens at a time control and if the player on move has not made the required number of moves, the game is scored as a loss on time. In recent times digital clocks have become increasingly popular. These permit more sophisticated time controls like additional time whenever a move is made and the clock is punched. The most important quality of a chess clock is that it be sturdy. Clocks are often punched hard and may even be accidentally knocked to the floor during a blitz game or time trouble scramble. Some players are convinced that the strength of a move is in direct proportion to the force with which the clock is punched. Another important quality is the loudness of the clock's tick, if any. This should be audible, but not intrusive. Other Travel bags to carry the board, pieces, clock, and supplies are a necessity for the tournament player. This is especially true in the USA, where chess sets & clocks are normally not provided for tournament play. It is less important in Europe, where they are provided.

Score sheets for recording the moves of a game are another necessity for tournament play. These are usually issued at the start of each round in a tournament, but many players prefer to record their games in scorebooks.

III.
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Officials of the Game

International Chess Arbiters is a title awarded by FIDE to individuals deemed capable of acting as arbiter in important chess matches (the arbiters are responsible for ensuring the rules and laws of chess are adhered to). The title

was established in 1951. Requirements for the title to be awarded are detailed in section B.06 of the FIDE Handbook. As well as thorough knowledge of the laws of chess and a proved impartiality, they include the ability to speak a FIDEapproved language and previous experience as arbiter in important tournaments. The FIDE World Chess Federation displays the list of International Arbiters with their ID numbers, name, and title on its official web site. International Judge of Chess Compositions is a title award by FIDE via the Permanent Commission of the FIDE for Chess Compositions (PCCC) to individuals who have judged several chess problem or study tournaments and who are considered capable of judging such awards at the highest level. The title was first awarded in 1956. In the past, a number of famous over-theboard players have also been International Judges, including Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, David Bronstein, Paul Keres, Yuri Averbakh and Wolfgang Unzicker, though in modern times the title is generally held by individuals largely unknown outside the world of problems. Many notable problem and study composers are also International Judges, including Genrikh Kasparyan. President of FIDE The Fdration internationale des checs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world and acts as the governing body of international chess competition. It is usually referred to as FIDE /fide/, its French acronym. FIDE was founded in Paris, France on July 20, 1924. Its motto is Gens una sumus, meaning "We are one people". Its current president is Kirsan Ilyumzhinov.

IV.
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Basic Skills
Each chess piece has its own method of movement. Moves are made to vacant squares except when capturing an opponent's piece. With the exception of any movement of the knight and the occasional castling maneuver, pieces cannot jump over each other. When a piece is captured (or taken), the attacking piece replaces the enemy piece on its square (en passant being the only exception). The captured piece is thus removed from the game and may not be returned to play for the remainder of the game.[1] The king can be put in check but cannot be captured (see below).

The king can move exactly one square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Only once per player, per game, is a king allowed to make a special move known as castling. The rook moves any number of vacant squares vertically or horizontally. It also is moved while castling. The bishop moves any number of vacant squares in any diagonal direction. The queen can move any number of vacant squares diagonally, horizontally, or vertically. The knight moves to the nearest square not on the same rank, file, or diagonal. In other words, the knight moves two squares horizontally then one square vertically, or one square horizontally then two squares vertically. Its move is not blocked by other pieces: it jumps to the new location. Pawns have the most complex rules of movement:

A pawn can move forward one square, if that square is unoccupied. If it has not yet moved, each pawn has the option of moving two squares forward provided both squares in front of the pawn are unoccupied. A pawn cannot move backwards. Pawns are the only pieces that capture differently from how they move. They can capture an enemy piece on either of the two spaces adjacent to the space in front of them (i.e., the two squares diagonally in front of them) but cannot move to these spaces if they are vacant.

The pawn is also involved in the two special moves en passant and promotion (Schiller 2003:1719).

Chess play has two fundamental aspects to it. Analysis and Strategy. Analysis is actually a set of four sub skill that work together to form concussions about a given chess position. These abilities are the first important step to good chess play. They are: Visualization - The art of seeing the relationship between the pieces after a few moves are made. If you can follow a game without the need for a board then you have good visualization. Calculation - This is purely a logic function. The act of "If I move here the he goes there." Calculation is the primary function need for assessing and creating tactics.

Evaluation - This has two sides to it. Static and Dynamic. Static is to assign a value to the current position. This is based on such things as the material balance, Scope of Pieces, Space, and strength of the pawn structure. Dynamic Evaluation is bit more complex, seeing a position as fluid and looking with a far reaching eye is often the hardest thing about chess. This side of evaluation is closely tied to the strategic side of chess. Both are need to complete the calculation task. Good evaluation skill allows us to assign a value to the end of a calculated line. Pruning - Narrowing down of the potential moves to only those moves that need to be investigated is a bit of an art. Mostly I find experience governs this process but there are ways to help you. If you where to calculate all the possibilities you would quickly get lost as the analysis tree grew. Novices have the impression that expert players are able to calculate all these lines. In truth the expert calculates less than the novice because of a good feel for the skill of pruning. The strategic side of chess is also comprised four sub skill but these skills tie in to the aforementioned skill to bring together the effective chess player. These skills are: Planning - To have a plan is better than no plan at all. Planning is sometime misunderstood at the lower levels of chess. Yes having an overall Idea of what you want is the goal here, but the rout to this goal is also made of several smaller plans. Planning is also part of the pruning process. Whit out a plan there is no direction to our plan, and therefore no easy way to pick candidate moves. Adaptation - Once you know what you want, and you have made a plan to get there, this does not mean you will realize that plan. Your opponent will have plans of his own, and for every good plan you make there could be a counter plan. The ability to adapt and rethink your plan on fly is key. For the faster your plan reacts to change the better the chance for success. Pattern Recognition - From the simple patters such as a fork or a skewer to more complex patterns such as Anastasia's Mate. Knowing and recognizing these patterns is very important for several reasons. Knowing these patterns can set in motion a plan. Recognizing the pitfalls that could put you in such a position can also set a plan in motion. Patterns can help in the pruning process by eliminating inferior moves from you mind and guiding you on a path to a winning Idea. Prophylaxis - Playing with Prophylaxis is to play from the opponents point of view and find the move that is most damaging to their potential plan. Knowing

when to use such moves is a bit of an art. But the skill comes in to play constantly. After every move the opponent makes we need to see what that move is telling us, to recognize the potential threats that may come our way. I would say that Active play is of the up most importance, this is only trumped by king safety. Eye for Error - Since you are human and you are playing against other humans, blunders will happen. It is important to check yourself before deciding on a move, but also be aware of the opponents errors so when you have the chance you can capitalize on them.

V.
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Rules, Regulations and Violations

If you touch a piece, you must move it. This is known as the touch-move rule, and is often a source of difficulty for players new to tournaments. It also requires you to capture an opponents piece if you touch it. This rule only applies if you can make a legal move with the piece you touched. There are some exceptions. If you accidentally brush a piece, you are not required to move it. If a piece is awkwardly placed, you can adjust it; simply say I adjust before touching the piece to make it clear to your opponent that you dont intend to move it. Most tournaments require players to record their moves. This helps provide evidence of what has occurred during the game in case of a dispute. In order to record your game, you will need to learn how to read and write chess notation.

Never interfere with a game in progress. In most chess tournaments, youll be able to walk around the playing area and watch other games, provided you do so quietly. Observers are forbidden from telling players anything about their games, even if they notice a violation of the rules. Turn off your cell phone. In recent years, new rules have been written to deal with loud phones, which can break the concentration of chess players. If your phone rings in the playing area, you will likely be subject to a penalty, and may even have to forfeit your game.

Understand how to use a chess clock. Tournament chess is played with time limits, which vary by event. Time is kept by using a chess clock. Using these clocks can be distracting at first, but will soon become second nature. Most importantly, remember to hit your clock after each move you make this stops your clock and starts your opponents time. Also, be sure to use the same hand to move your pieces and touch the clock. After the game is over, record your result. Win, lose, or draw, both players are required to make sure the proper result is recorded. If youre not sure where to mark down your result, ask a directo r for help.

Cheating in chess refers to a deliberate violation of the rules of chess or other unethical behaviour that is intended to give an unfair advantage to a player or team. Cheating can occur in many forms and can take place before, during, or possibly even after a game. Commonly cited instances of cheating include: collusion with spectators or other players, linking to remote computers, rating manipulation, misuse of the touch-move rule, the pre-arranged draw, and the use of psychological tactics to unsettle an opponent. Many suspiciously-motivated practices are not comprehensively covered by the rules of chess and so, on ethical or 'moral conduct' grounds only, may be judged by some as acceptable, and by others as cheating. Even if an arguably unethical action is not covered explicitly by the rules, article 12.1 of the FIDE laws of chess states: "The players shall take no action that will bring the game of chess into disrepute." For example, while deliberately sneaking a captured piece back onto the board may be construed as an illegal move that is sanctioned by a time bonus to the opponent and a reinstatement of the last legal position, the rule forbidding actions that bring chess into disrepute may also be invoked to hand down a more severe sanction such as the loss of the game. Illegal move - A player who makes an illegal move must retract that move and make a legal move. That move must be made with the same piece if possible, because the touch-move rule applies. If the illegal move was an attempt to castle, the touch-move rule applies to the king but not to the rook. The arbiter should adjust the time on the clock according to the best evidence. If the mistake is only noticed later on, the game should be restarted from the position in which the error occurred (Schiller 2003:2425). Some regional organizations have different rules.[10]

If blitz chess is being played (in which both players have a small, limited time, e.g. five minutes) the rule varies. A player may correct an illegal move if the player has not pressed their clock. If a player has pressed their clock, the opponent may claim a win if he or she hasn't moved. If the opponent moves, the illegal move is accepted and without penalty (Schiller 2003:77).[11] Illegal position - If it is discovered during the game that the starting position was incorrect, the game is restarted. If it is discovered during the game that the board is oriented incorrectly, the game is continued with the pieces transferred to a correctly oriented board. If the game starts with the colors of the pieces reversed, the game continues (unless the arbiter rules otherwise) (Schiller 2003:24). Some regional organizations have different rules.[12] If a player knocks over pieces, it is their responsibility to restore them to their correct position on their time. If it is discovered that an illegal move has been made, or that pieces have been displaced, the game is restored to the position before the irregularity. If that position cannot be determined, the game is restored to the last known correct position (Schiller 2003:2425). Conduct - Players may not use any notes, outside sources of information (including computers), or advice from other people. Analysis on another board is not permitted. Scoresheets are to record objective facts about the game only, such as time on the clock or draw offers. Players may not leave the competition area without permission of the arbiter (Schiller 2003:3031). High standards of etiquette and ethics are expected. Players should shake hands before and after the game. Generally a player should not speak during the game, except to offer a draw, resign, or to call attention to an irregularity. An announcement of "check" is made in amateur games but should not be used in officially sanctioned games. A player may not distract or annoy another player by any means, including repeatedly offering a draw (Schiller 2003:3031,4952).

VI.
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Scoring
Traditional Scoring - in most chess tournaments held since the middle of the 19th century, there has been a very simply scoring system used. Players who scored a win in a game were awarded a point, while those scoring draws were given a half-point. Losing a game, as you might expect, was worth zero points. There were and continue to be many good reasons why this system became the standard in tournament play. First, theres a certain logic to the zero sum nature of the scoring. Every game is worth exactly one point, and (barring

unusual circumstances such as double forfeits) the players will also find a way to split that point amongst them. Its very simple for fans to keep track of, and while a score cant always tell you at a glance how many games a player has won or lost, it can at least tell you if the player has more wins or losses. For instance, a player with a 4/7 score can also have their score expressed as 4-3, or +1, which tells us that they won one more game than they lost during the tournament. Another argument in favor of this scoring system in modern chess is that the ratings system is based on a draw is half as valuable as a win. If scoring systems are changed to incentivize wins over draws, players may play in ways that are successful in tournaments, but which hurt them in the ratings, making those ratings less accurate. 3-1-0 Scoring - Recently, some tournaments have moved to a 3-1-0 scoring format. This format has also been called Football Scoring, thanks to the fact that it has widely been adopted in soccer leagues around the world. In this system, players are given an added incentive to win games. Each win is worth three points, while a draw is only worth one, and losses are still worth zero. The major difference in this scoring system is that players who score a win and a loss are ranked above those who have scored two draws (three points vs. two), so fighting play is encouraged. Many organizers have used such a scoring system as a way to discourage draws in tournament play, arguably with some level of success. Since a player must only win more than one-third of their decisive games to do better than drawing every game, many risky moves are actually correct to play, even if theyre unclear. One interesting consequence of this scoring system is that it is possible for a player who would have finished behind someone under traditional scoring to finish above them under the 3-1-0 system. While both systems are essentially arbitrary, these results still seem incorrect to many players, as the traditional scoring system has become deeply ingrained in the culture of chess. A more convincing concern is the potential for collusion when such a system is used in double round-robin events, as friendly players could do better by trading wins rather than simply drawing two games against each other. Other Scoring Systems From time to time, other organizers have tried more radical approaches to changing the scoring system in order to liven up their events. One notable effort in recent years was the Ballard Antidraw Point System, better known as BAPS. The scoring system was the brainchild of Clint Ballard, a chess organizer in

Washington who was looking for a way to ensure that players wouldnt want to draw their games. His answer was BAPS, which scored games as follows:

Black Wins: 3 Points White Wins: 2 Points Draws: 1 point for Black, 0 points for White Losses: 0 Points Given the slight disadvantage for Black, the second player is consistently given more points for the same result as White. However, White has a second

disadvantage: they do not receive any points whatsoever for a draw. This makes a draw no better than a loss for White. The scoring system was most prominently used in a Slugfest tournament organized by Ballard back in 2005, but was not otherwise widely used.

VII.
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References

The Birth of the Chess Queen (2004) by Marilyn Yalom Feminist historian Marilyn Yalom examines the cultural contexts of the queen's birth and metamorphosis to the strongest piece on the board. Bobby Fischer Profile of a Prodigy (1973) by Frank Brady - Eloquent biography of Bobby Fischer, written by Dr. Frank Brady, a long time American chess supporter and organizer. Bobby Fischer Goes to War (2004) "Detailed account of the 1972 match between Fischer and Spassky, written by the best-selling authors of Wittgenstein's Poker. U.S Chess Championship 1845-1996 by Andrew Soltis and Gene McCormick- a history of the most prestigious event in America. The History of Chess by H.J.R Murray- A massive tome, first published in 1913 and reprinted at various times over the years. Despite its sometimesimpenetrable density and an old-fashioned writing style, the History of Chess is still considered the seminal chess history text. Even for the layman, it is an amazing book filled with wonderful historical anecdotes and excerpts from texts that are difficult or impossible to find. Unfortunately, it is currently out of print, but you can probably find it at a local library.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Arbiter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Judge_of_Chess_Compositions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIDE#FIDE_Presidents http://www.chess.com/blog/AAlikhine/the-nine-skills-of-an-effective-chess-player http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Basic_moves http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Competition_rules http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Irregularities http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Equipment http://www.chesscorner.com/fun/quiz/chessquiz.htm http://listverse.com/2009/09/06/top-10-greatest-chess-players-in-history/

VIII. Questions
Select the correct answer and your score will be given when you complete the quiz. 1. Who was the first official Chess World Champion? Kasparov Lasker Staunton Steinitz 2. What is the name of this opening?

French Sicilian English Roman 3. Who said, "It's always better to sacrifice your opponent's men."? Garry Kasparov Savielly Tartakover Nigel Short Bobby Fischer 4. Besides the King, which is the most powerful piece on the chessboard? Rook pawn Knight Queen 5. What is the name of this mate?

Fool's Mate Scholar's Mate

Schoolboy's Mate Quick Mate 6. When was the first mechanical clock used in an international tournament? 1993 1893 1883 1783 7. Who was Ruy Lopez? An Italian chess player A Welsh singer A Spanish priest A Spanish King 8. 1.e4 is an example of which type of chess notation? Descriptive notation Short algebraic notation Long algebraic notation Forsyth notation

9. Who is this grandmaster?

Vladmir Kramnik Tigran Petrosian Mikhail Tal Jose Capablanca 10. What was the name of the famous player who won the "Evergreen Game"? Adolf Anderssen Boris Spassky Wilhelm Steinitz Vassily Smyslov

11-16. Enumerate 6 Chess Equipments. - Score Sheets - Travel Bags - Chess Clock - Chess Board - Chess Pieces - Chess Sets 17-20. Enumerate 4 Greatest Chess Champions. - Bobby Fischer - Paul Morphy - Gary Kasparov - Anatoly Karpov