UCSD ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications

Lecture 1 Course Overview

Paolo Minero (pminero@eng.ucsd.edu) Jan. 7, 2014

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Outline
Course Information Intro to Modern Wireless Communication Systems Main Topics and Theme of This Course Reference Transmitter and Receiver Main Points

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Course Information- Basics

Instructor: Paolo Minero E-mail: pminero@eng.ucsd.edu Oce: TBA Oce hours: On Thursdays after class or by appointment Class homepage TBA Prerequisites ECE258A/B Digital Communications or equivalents Related Courses of Interest ECE254: Detection Theory ECE255A, ECE287A/B: Information Theory, Network Information Theory ECE259A/B/C: Coding

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Course Information- Supplementary Text and References

Course slides based on Dr Jungwon Lees course slides from last year References John Cios course notes at http://www.stanford.edu/group/cio/ Chapters 13 for review of basic digital communications Chapter 4 for OFDM Barry, Lee, and Messerschmitt, Digital Communication, 3rd Ed., 2003. Some parts of Chapter 10 are relevant to MIMO Detection in this course. Tse and Vishwanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Chapters 2 and 3 are relevant to channel modeling and space-time coding, Chapter 8 and 9 are relevant to MIMO Detection and MIMO capacity. Appendix A contains a useful summary on detection and estimation in AWGN. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice Classic book on wireless communications. Chapters 3 and 4 are relevant to wireless channel modeling.

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Course Information- Course Requirements

Grading Homework: 30% Midterm: 30% Final: 40% Homework Most of homework can be done with MATLAB. For MATLAB assignment, submit the MATLAB code as well. Midterm & Final Exams Take-home and nal exams with MATLAB. Take-home exam on Thursday Feb 13 (tentative)

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Course Information- A Little More About the Instructor

UCSD graduate in 2010 Assistant Professor at the University of Notre Dame (currently on leave) Research in information theory, wireless networks, and control Taught undergraduate electric circuits class Taught information theory and network information theory. Experiences in LTE and LTE-Advanced at Qualcomm Inc.

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Modern Wireless Communication Systems

Typical communication chips in cellular phones, tablets, and other consumer gadgets Cellular modem WiFi Bluetooth GPS Near-Field Communication (NFC), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), FM radio, etc.

Two widespread wireless communication systems: Cellular and WiFi Cellular Phenomenal success with almost 7 billion users presently Approximately 1.7 billion new handsets sold in 2012 WiFi Widely used in laptops, tablets, cellular phones, etc. Approximately 1.5 billion new units sold in 2012

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Cellular Evolution (3GPP Standards)

3GPP standards
Version Phase 1 Release 98 Release 99 Release 5 Release 6 Release 7 Release 8 Release 9 Release 10 Release Year 1992 1998 1999 2002 2004 2007 2008 2009 2011 TDMA/FDMA (2G/3G) GSM EDGE CDMA (3G/4G) OFDM (4G)

EDGE Evolution

UMTS HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ Dual-Cell HSDPA HSDPA with MIMO Dual-Cell HSUPA Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers) (4 carriers)

Release 11 Release 12

2012 Q3 2014 Q2

LTE Minor Enhancement LTE-Advanced (CA, eICIC, enhanced MIMO) CoMP, FeICIC Still open

3GPP2 standards: CDMA 2000 based on IS-95 (CDMA)

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

WiFi Evolution (IEEE)

IEEE 802.11 standards
Standards Release Year 1997 1999 1999 2003 2009 2012 2014 Frequency Band (GHz) 2.4 5 2.4 2.4 2.4/5 60 5 Bandwidth (MHz) 20 20 20 20 20/40 2160 20/40/80/160 Peak Data Rate (Mbps,Gbps) 2 Mbps 54 Mbps 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 600 Mbps 6.8 Gbps 6.95 Gbps No. of MIMO Streams 1 1 1 1 4 8 8 Modulation

802.11-1997 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.11n 802.11ad (WiGig) 802.11ac

DSSS, FHSS OFDM DSSS OFDM OFDM SS, SC, OFDM OFDM

High Eciency WLAN (HEW) Study Group Created in July 2013 Working on the improvement of spectrum eciency to enhance the system throughput/area in high density scenarios of Access Points (APs) and/or Stations (STAs).

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Main Topics and Theme of This Course

Main topics Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Why OFDM and MIMO? Widely used technologies underlying the latest Cellular and WiFi OFDM and MIMO with channel coding are eective in handling fading and interference. Central issues of wireless communication: fading and interference. Noise has been essentially overcome with capacity achieving codes such as LDPC and turbo codes. Main theme: How to deal with fading and interference at the transmitter and at the receiver using OFDM and MIMO?

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Goals of This Course

This course will explain What OFDM and MIMO are. What problems exist in OFDM and MIMO and how to solve the problems. What specic techniques are actually used in practice. More importantly, this course will make you think harder to answer the following questions. Why are OFDM and MIMO so widely used? Are the problems that we examine important? Why? Are we wasting time trying to solve unrealistic problems? Why are some techniques actually used in practice? What are theoretical justications? What are the appropriate performance metrics to compare dierent techniques? Why do we choose dierent performance metrics in dierent situations? What assumptions should we make to formulate a problem? Are the assumptions realistic?

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

10

Preview: Fading, Interference, and CSI

How to handle fading and interference depends on channel state information (CSI) available. In modern wireless communication systems, no CSI at the receiver (CSIR) is not much interesting. Throughout the course, it is assumed that CSIR is available. In practice, CSIR is not available at the beginning but can be be obtained through channel estimation. Channel estimation is crucial to maximize the performance of wireless chips. CSI at the transmitter (CSIT) greatly helps handling fading and interference but at the cost of feedback overhead. Optimal techniques with CSIT perform better than optimal techniques with no CSIT. Feedback overhead should be smaller than the gain we can achieve through CSIT. This course will consider the case of CSIT as well as the case of no CSIT.
ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1 11

Preview: Handling Fading

Multi-antenna-based techniques Fading Types All fading Rx Techniques Receive antenna diversity Tx Techniques (CSIT) Transmit beamforming Tx Techniques (No CSIT) Tx antenna diversity with space-time coding

Other techniques Fading Types Frequency-selective fading Fast fading Rx Techniques Tx Techniques (CSIT) OFDM with AMC over frequency AMC over time Tx Techniques (No CSIT) Frequency diversity with OFDM and coding Time diversity with coding
12

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

Preview: Interference Management

Interference Management Techniques Interference Types Inter-symbol interference Rx Techniques Equalizer, ML detector (Viterbi decoder) MIMO equalizer, MIMO ML detector, MIMO ML decoder Successive interference cancellation, Joint decoding Tx Techniques (CSIT) Precoding (TomlinsonHarashima), OFDM MIMO precoding Dirty paper coding, Han-Kobayashi scheme Tx Techniques (No CSIT) OFDM

Inter-stream interference Inter-user interference

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

13

b[ n ]

[ n ] b
           

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

                         

x[ n ]

Generic Digital Communication System

y[ n ]
      

x (t )

y (t )

14

'

&

"

&

&

'

$ = =

&

. *

& )

&

, *

, 4

>

>

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

= = 1 * / / * * 1

$ $ 3 % % 4 4 * * * * 8 ! ! ! " ! " 1 : = = 9 9 > ( 1 1 ! , ! , / 3 $ * * 1 ) 1 ) %   / / * * & & & & & ; < ) < ) ! ! <
6 6 9 3 3 6 + ! 3 3 ' ' , , ) 1 $ 1 $ # # 3 * 2 2 ( ( ? 2 2 : : / 5 / 5 7 ? $ $ : : * * & % %
; ; ! ! / / @ ! ! 7 7 3 3 3 ' ' 8 % 2 $ ! 2 $ ; * % < 2 $ & # $ * 9 / ! ! ) * ? ? &
@ 9 3 ! * ) 3 1 8 * !

Reference Transmitter in This Course

15

U C

S P

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

P R R Q Q N N J E E _ _ P P O P O a a Z Z S S S I I J E E C C K E T T C C C P P P P b F F Q Q L J F P I ` ` H R R R R N N Q Q R P P P P I I P K K C C Y Y H J J P P P P I F F F F c G G W c Z K C R a V b _ _ R P P ] N ] N _ R P H H F \ F \ ^ K P P P L C S S L E E ] D D H J Q Q c J K K K K Y Y F F ^ S ^ S P I E P P P I F J I F F S c Q K P H I P c I Q X P Y X F K K C C a a b I Z Z C Z Z T [ [ R R R V P P L P J S E B S P V K E X D S J K T J E G W E K C C F a

Reference Receiver in This Course

16

Reference Transmitter and Receiver

Some notable characteristics of reference transmitter and receiver Separate source/channel coding Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) Soft-decision detection (demodulation) Possibly iterative MIMO soft-decision detection and decoding

Reference transmitter and receiver is Much more concrete than the generic digital communication block diagram. General enough to reect many modern wireless systems such as WiFi, WiMAX, LTE, and LTE-A.

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

17

Course Outline
Lecture No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10&11 12 13 14 15 16 17&18 19 20 Topics Course Overview Wireless Channel Basic Multicarrier System Discrete-Time Channel Partitioning Water-Filling for Parallel Channels Discrete Bit Loading and Coding for OFDM Fading and Uncoded Symbol Error Time and Frequency Diversity Space-Time Coding Capacity of Fading Channels Adaptive Transmission with CSIT MIMO Hard-Decision Detectors: Linear Detectors MIMO Hard-Decision Detectors: Nonlinear Detector MIMO Soft-Decision Detectors: Linear Detectors MIMO Soft-Decision Detectors: Nonlinear Detector MIMO Capacity MIMO Transmission Schemes Course Summary

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

18

Main Points
Fading and interference are two central issues of wireless communication. Modern wireless communication systems employ OFDM and MIMO along with channel coding to handle fading and interference. Channel coding: Enables time, frequency, or spatial diversity. OFDM: Removes inter-symbol-interference in the multipath channel. MIMO: Achieves spatial diversity or enables spatial multiplexing. In this course, we will learn how to deal with fading and interference using OFDM and MIMO in more detail. Receiver techniques Transmitter techniques without CSIT Transmitter techniques with CSIT

ECE287A Modern Wireless Communications: Lecture 1

19