Middle ages and Renaissance 1.

Important terms RenaissanceHumanism- is a collection of intellectual Greek and Roman teachings, undertaken by scholars, writers, and civic leaders who are today known as Renaissance humanists, taking place initially in Italy, and then spreading across Europe Church Modes-

Drone Peddle Point- In tonal music, a pedal point (also pedal tone, pedal note, organ point, or pedal) is a sustained tone, typically in the bass, during which at least one foreign, i.e., dissonant harmony is sounded in the other parts.

Ars nova Old music old art. Ars nova refers to a musical style which flourished in France and the Burgundian Low Countries in the Late Middle Ages: more particularly, in the period between the preparation of the Roman de Fauvel (1310 1314) and the death of the composerGuillaume de Machaut in 1377 (whose poems were a large inspiration for Johannes Ciconia).

Ars Intiqua- Ars antiqua, also called ars veterum or ars vetus, refers to the music of Europe of the late Middle Ages between approximately 1170 and 1310, covering the period of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the subsequent years which saw the early development of the motet Word Painting- Word painting (also known as tone painting or text painting) is the musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song. For example, ascending scales would accompany lyrics about going up; slow, dark music would accompany lyrics about death. A capella - A cappella- Vocal with out instrumental compliment. (Italian for "in the manner of the church" or "in the manner of the chapel")[1] music is specifically group, or solo, singing without instrumental sound, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. A cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroqueconcertato style. Lute can refer generally to any string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the HornbostelSachssystem), more specifically to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either fretted or unfretted) and a deep round back, or more specifically to an instrument from the family of European lutes.

Construction
o o o o o o o

2.1 Soundboard 2.2 Back 2.3 Neck 2.4 Belly 2.5 Bridge 2.6 Frets 2.7 Strings

Featured Genres Gregory Chant- Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the western Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions. Although popular legend credits Pope St. Gregory the Great with inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later Carolingian synthesis of Roman chant and Gallican chant.

Plain Song- Plainsong (also plainchant; Latin: cantus planus) is a body of chants used in the liturgies of the Western Church. Though the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Western Church did not split until long after the origin of plainsong, Byzantine chants are generally not classified as plainsong. EstampieThe Estampie (French: estampie, Occitan and Catalan: estampida, Italian: istampitte) is a medieval dance and musical form, it was a popular instrumental style of the 13th and 14th centuries. Stomping one foot Organum Organum[1] (/!"r#$n$m/) is, in general, a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony, developed in the Middle Ages. Depending on the mode and form of the chant, a supporting bass line (or bourdon) may be sung on the same text, the melody may be followed in parallel motion (parallel organum), or a combination of both of these techniques may be employed. As no real independent second voice exists, this is a form of heterophony. Motet In classical music, motet is a word that is applied to a number of highly varied choral musical compositions. Order of Mass Traditional choral texts[edit] The following texts, if not sung by the whole congregation, are traditionally sung by a choir. The texts are invariable except for the Tridentine Mass Agnus Dei. 1. 2. 3. 4. Kyrie eleison ("Lord, have mercy") Gloria ("Glory to God in the highest") Credo ("I believe in one God"), the Nicene Creed Sanctus ("Holy, Holy, Holy"), the second part of which, beginning with the word "Benedictus" ("Blessed is he"), was often sung separately after the consecration, if the setting was long. (See Benedictus for other chants beginning with that word.) 5. Agnus Dei ("Lamb of God") 6. Eucharist 7. Benedicts

Madrigal- A madrigal is a secular vocal music composition, usually a partsong, of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras. Traditionally, polyphonic madrigals are unaccompanied; the number of voices varies from two to eight, and most frequently from three to six. It is quite distinct from the Italian Trecento madrigal of the late 13th and 14th centuries, with which it shares only the name.

Composers
Saint Hildegard of Bingen, O.S.B. (German: Hildegard von Bingen; Latin: Hildegardis Bingensis) (1098 17 September 1179), also known as Saint Hildegard, and Sibyl of the Rhine , was a German writer, composer, philosopher, [1] Christian mystic, Benedictine abbess,visionary, and polymath. Elected a magistra by her fellow nuns in 1136, she founded the monasteries of Rupertsberg in 1150 andEibingen in 1165. One of her works as a composer, the Ordo Virtutum, is an early example of liturgical drama and arguably the oldest surviving morality play.

Guillaume de Machaut (sometimes spelled Machault) (c. 1300 April 1377) was a medieval French poet and composer. He is one of the earliest composers on whom significant biographical information is available. According to Daniel Leech-Wilkinson, Machaut was "the last great poet who was also a composer". Well into the 15th century, Machaut's poetry was greatly admired and imitated by other poets, including Geoffrey Chaucer. Josquin des Prez (or Josquin Lebloitte dit Desprez; French: [!"sk#$ dep%e]; c. 1450/1455 27 August 1521), often referred to simply asJosquin, was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance. He is also known as Josquin Desprez and Latinized as Josquinus Pratensis, alternatively Jodocus Pratensis. He himself spelled his name "Josquin des Prez" in [2][3] an acrostic in his motet Illibata Dei virgo nutrix. He was the most famous European composer between Guillaume Dufay and Palestrina, and is usually considered to be the central figure of the Franco-Flemish School. Josquin is widely considered by music scholars to be the first master of the high Renaissance style of polyphonic vocal music that was emerging during his lifetime. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525 2 February 1594) was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known 16th-century representative [2] of the Roman School of musical composition. He has had a lasting influence on the development of church music, and his work has often been seen as the culmination of [2] Renaissance polyphony.
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