Polycystic kidney disease in Foods' and Herb's Points of View By Kyle J.

Norton

Polycystic kidney disease, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome is a cystic genetic disorder(a)(b)(c) of the kidneys, classified into: . !tosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( "PK") affects all ethnic gro!ps with a pre#alence of $:%&&'$:$&&& li#e births. (he disease ind!ced formation of n!mero!s cysts in the kidneys with progressi#ely e)pand and e#ent!ally destroy normal kidney str!ct!re and f!nction. nd may be associated to other disease complications($) B. !tosomal recessi#e polycystic kidney disease ( *PK") is genetic disorder d!e to m!tation of gene in chromosomal loc!s +p$,.,., ca!sing !p to -&. of affected neonates die of p!lmonary hypoplasia and specific changes in the kidney and li#er. /hildren who s!r#i#e neonatal period (from birth to ,0 days of age)may be e)perience with decrease in kidney si1e (not affect the kidney f!nction) and change in echogenicity occ!rs, prod!cing a pattern similar to patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(2). Althou h the disease is due to ene mutation! accordin to the study by the "est Vir inia #ni$ersity! certain phytochemicals in foods and herbs ha$e found effecti$ely in attenuation of cyst patho enesis in animal studies(%). A. &n Foods' points of $iew '. (ietary Fla) seeds 2la) is nati#e to the region of the eastern 3editerranean to 4ndia and also known as common fla) or linseed. 2la) is an erect ann!al plant, it can

grow to $., m tall. (he lea#es are ,&5%& mm long and 6 mm broad. ccording to the st!dy by the 7ni#ersity of 3anitoba, 8an:9P*"'cy rats fed fla)seed, showed to preser#e renal f!nction and red!ce histologic in:!ry, thro!gh tiss!e retention of s!ccinate and betaine which may ha#e a metabolic role in the red!ction of chronic renal in:!ry(%). ;ther st!dy s!ggested that fla) seed diet alters renal content of poly!nsat!rated fatty acids and promotes the formation of less inflammatory classes of renal prostanoides(-). 2. *r anic soybean 9oybean is gen!s <lycine, the family 2abaceae, one of the leg!mes that contains twice as m!ch protein per acre as any other ma:or #egetable or grain crop, nati#e to 9o!theast sia. Now, it is grown worldwide with s!itable climate for commercial profit and a healthy foods. 9oy protein may be effecti#e in slow progression of renal in:!ry in the 8an:9P*"'cy rat, according to the st!dy by the7ni#ersity of 3anitoba. (he st!dy with 8an:9P*"'cy rat, fed with soy protein diet showed to associate with red!ced cystic change, epithelial cell proliferation, macrophage infiltration and fibrosis and pre#ented a significant ele#ation in ser!m creatinine in diseased #ers!s normal animals(+). 4n Normal (=>=) and affected (cy>=) weanling male and female 8an:9P*"' cy rats, soy protein is fo!nd to lower 4<2'4 in =>= animals, of that s!pported a role for 4<2'4 in the pathogenesis of disease in the 8an:9P*"'cy rat and an ameliorating role for dietary soy protein(?). ;ther researchers s!ggested that isocaloric diets based on ,&. casein or ,&. heat'treated soy protein at weaning ad libit!m for 0 wk, showed a significant effect in lower ser!m creatinine (++ #s. $,- m!mol>l@ P A &.&&,), lower !rinary ammoni!m e)cretion (&.&0& #s. &.$?6 mmol>kg@ P A &.&$), red!ced renal cysts, renal fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, renal t!b!lar cell proliferation, and apoptosis(0) %. (ietary con+u ated linoleic acid "ietary con:!gated linoleic acid(/B ) deri#ed from r!minants, fo!nd ab!ndantly in diary prod!ces and meats. 4n 8an:9P*"'cy rat model of polycystic kidney disease (PK") fed with /B , showed an red!ction of renal prod!ction of P<C,, witho!t red!ced a#ailability of the prec!rsor fatty acid, . 9hort'term feeding also e)hibited significant renal anti'inflammatory and antifibrotic effects(D). ;ther in the st!dy of 3ale and female offspring of 8an:9P*"'cy hetero1ygotes fed diets with &, $ or ,. /B isomer mi)t!re for $, weeks, showed that both /B diets red!ced body fat content in both genders b!t did not change lean

body mass, renal cystic change in female, fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, tiss!e o)idi1ed B"B content and proliferation of epithelial cells. (he st!dy also fo!nd significantly increase of ser!m creatinine in female rat. and with a significant negati#e correlation with renal content of the $0:, cD,t$$ isomer and the s!m of histologic effects($&). ,. Fish oil 2ish oil containing a large amo!nts of omega'6 fatty acids may be associated to red!ced risk of Polycystic kidney disease."ietary fish oil (2;) and soy protein (9P) was fo!nd to slow Polycystic kidney disease progression in the 8an:9P*"'/y rat model of polycystic kidney disease (PK"), with fish oil thro!gh inhibition of both /;E and B;E prod!cts prod!ced from n'+ fatty acids and increased 6'series prostanoids in both normal and diseased corte) and med!lla($$). (he *oyal Brisbane and FomenGs 8ospital, Brisbane, st!dy showed a potential benefits of omega'6 poly!nsat!rated fatty acids on the progression of kidney disease and patient s!r#i#al, as the acids decrease blood press!re, a known accelerant of kidney disease progression($,). B!t the st!dy at the Kyorin 7ni#ersity 9chool of 3edicine indicated that Cicosapentaenoic acids (CP ), one of omega6'poly!nsat!rated fatty acids, show no significant benefits in the testing of non'a1otemic patients($6). (aking altogether, the abo#e list has been fo!nd effecti#ely in red!ced the progression of inherited Polycystic kidney disease thro!gh many different mechanisms. 2!rther st!dies are necessary to #alidate its effecti#eness. s always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information H ed!cation only, please cons!lt yo!r "octor H *elated field specialist before applying /hinese -ecrets .o Fatty /i$er And *besity 0e$ersal #se .he 0e$olutionary Findin s .o Achie$e *ptimal Health And /oose "ei ht ;#arian /ysts nd P/;9 Climination Holistic -ystem &n 1)istence .hat "ill -how 2ou How .o Permanently 1liminate All .ypes of *$arian 3ysts "ithin 2 4onths Back to *esearched articles ' Points of #iew of Iitamins, 2oods and 8erbs http566kyle+norton.blo spot.ca6p6blo 7pa e82,.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton 8ome page http566kyle+norton.blo spot.ca *eferences (a) Boss of Polycystin'$ 4nhibits Bicc$ C)pression d!ring 3o!se "e#elopment by Bian P$, Bi $, Bi J,, Bi! 8,, Biang "6, 8! B6, Bin "%, Jiang (-, 3oeckel <+, Kin "?, F! <0.(Pub4ed) (b) *ed!ced ciliary polycystin72 in ind!ced pl!ripotent stem cells from polycystic kidney disease patients with PK"$ m!tations by 2reedman B9$, Bam K, 9!ndsbak JB, 4atrino *, 9! E, Koon 9J, F! 3, "aheron B, 8arris P/, Lho! J, Bon#entre JI.(Pub4ed) (c) Polycystin'$ b!t not polycystin72 deficiency ca!ses !preg!lation of the m(;* pathway and can be synergistically targeted with rapamycin and metformin by 3ekahli "$, "ec!ypere JP, 9ammels C, Felkenh!y1en K, 9choeber J, !dre1et 3P, /or#elyn , "echMnes <, ;ng /, Filmer 3J, #an den 8e!#el B, B!ltynck <, Parys JB, 3issiaen B, Be#tchenko C, "e 9medt 8.(Pub4ed) ($) 3etabolic abnormalities in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by 3ao L$, Eie <, ;ng /.(Pub4ed) (,) decrease in kidney si1e and change in echogenicity occ!rs, prod!cing a pattern that is similar to that seen on sonograms of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by Blickman J<$, Bramson *(, 8errin J(.(Pub4ed) (6) C#idence for a role of proteins, lipids, and phytochemicals in the pre#ention of polycystic kidney disease progression and se#erity by 3adit1 K8$, <igliotti J/, (o! J/.(Pub4ed) (%) (he effect of dietary fla)seed s!pplementation on organic anion and osmolyte content and e)cretion in rat polycystic kidney disease by ;gborn 3*$, Nitschmann C, Banko#ic'/alic N, B!ist *, Peeling J(Pub4ed) (-) NCffect of a modified low protein and low fat diet on histologic changes and metabolism in kidneys in an e)perimental model of polycystic kidney diseaseO.N rticle in 9erbianO by Banko#iP'/aliP N $, ;gbori 3*, Nicman C.(Pub4ed) (+) 3odification of polycystic kidney disease and fatty acid stat!s by soy protein diet by ;gborn 3*$, Nitschmann C, Feiler 8 , Banko#ic' /alic N.(Pub4ed) (?) "ietary soy protein effects on disease and 4<2'4 in male and female 8an:9P*"'cy rats by !kema 83$, 8o!sini 4.(Pub4ed) (0) 9oy protein modification of rat polycystic kidney disease by ;gborn 3*$, Banko#ic'/alic N, 9hoesmith /, B!ist *, Peeling J.( Pub4ed)

(D) "ietary con:!gated linoleic acid red!ces P<C, release and interstitial in:!ry in rat polycystic kidney disease by ;gborn 3*$, Nitschmann C, Banko#ic'/alic N, Feiler 8 , 2it1patrick'Fong 9, !kema 83. (Pub4ed) ($&) "ietary con:!gated linoleic acid renal benefits and possible to)icity #ary with isomer, dose and gender in rat polycystic kidney disease by ;gborn 3*$, Nitschmann C, <oldberg , Banko#ic'/alic N, Feiler 8 , !kema 83.(Pub4ed) ($$) *enal cycloo)ygenase and lipo)ygenase prod!cts are altered in polycystic kidneys and by dietary soy protein and fish oil treatment in the 8an:9P*"'/y rat by 4brahim N8$, Jia J, "e#assy J<, Jamag!chi (, !kema 83.(Pub4ed) ($,) ;mega'6 poly!nsat!rated fatty acids in the treatment of kidney disease by 2assett *<$, <obe </, Peake J3, /oombes J9.(Pub4ed) ($6) he effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on renal f!nction and #ol!me in patients with "PK" by 8igashihara C$, N!tahara K, 8orie 9, 3!to 9, 8osoya (, 8anaoka K, (!chiya K, Kam!ra K, (akaichi K, 7bara J, 4tom!ra 3, 8ama1aki (.(Pub4ed) 9. &n Herbs' points of $iew '. .hunder :od Vine (/ei :on .en ) /ei :on .en is also known as .hunder od $ine. .he bitter and $ery to)ic herb has been used in .34 as an anti7inflammatiory and immunosuppressi$e a ent and to resol$e to)ins! treat proteinuric renal disease! etc.! as it e)pels "ind7(amp! resol$es edema! calms pain! etc.! by enhancin the functions of /i$er and kidney channels. .riptolide! is a diterpenoid epo)ide found in the .hunder :od Vine or (ripterygi!m wilfordii. according to the st!dy at Jale 7ni#ersity, daily in:ections of a model of "PK" with triptolide beginning on "ay P$+ significantly red!ced the total n!mber of cysts per kidney, with a prono!nced effect on the n!mber of microcysts and the o#erall cystic b!rden. t P,, and P6-, the chemical compo!nd also impro#e blood !rea nitrogen le#els(%), renal f!nction at postnatal day 0 by inhibition of the early phases of cyst growth(-). 2. .urmeric (!rmeric is a perennial plant in the gen!s /!rc!ma, belonging to the family Lingiberaceae, nati#e to tropical 9o!th sia. (he herb has been !sed in trditional medicine as anti'o)idant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wo!nd healing agent, and to treat flat!lence, bloating, and

appetite loss, !lcers, ec1ema, inflammations, etc. /!rc!min, a ma:or chemical constit!ent fo!nd in t!rmeric, showed a profo!nd effect in inhibition of cyst progression, by impro#ed renal histology and red!ced 9( (6 acti#ation, proliferation inde), cystic inde), and kidney weight>body weight ratios, as well as significantly postponed renal fail!re in mice with se#ere PK"(+). ;ther st!dy at the Peking 7ni#ersity, showed to inhibit renal cyst formation thro!gh inhibited forskolin'promoted cell proliferation and promoted the t!b!le formation in 3"/K (3adin'"arby canine kidney) cells(a possible tool for assessin the membrane permeability properties of early dru disco$ery compounds), which indicates curcumin promotes 3"/K cell differentiation(?). Berberine! another chemical compound found in turmeric and palnts in berberis family e)erted its A4P7acti$ated kinase (A4P;) property in suppression of the o$er e)pression of rapamycin (m.*0) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance re ulator (3F.0) in patients with Polycystic kidney disease(<)(=). %. :ink o biloba <inkgo biloba is oldest li#ing tree species, gen!s <inkgo, belonging to the family <inkgoaceae, nati#e to /hina, from temperate 1one to s!btropical 1one and some parts of north merica. 4t 8as been !sed in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss,respiratory diseases, circ!latory disorders and deafness as well as pre#enting dr!nkenness, and bedwetting. <inkgolide B, a ma:or chemical constit!ent of <inkgo biloba, significantly inhibited 3"/K cyst formation dose dependently and cyst enlargement in the 3"/K cyst model, embryonic kidney cyst model, and PK" mo!se mode, thro!gh ind!ced cyst cell differentiation and altered the *as>3 PK signaling pathway($&). ,. -te$ia rebaudiana 9ertoni (-weetleaf) -te$ia rebaudiana 9ertoni! also known as sweetleaf is a enus of -te$ia! belon in to the family Asteraceae! nati$e to s!btropical and tropical regions from western North merica to 9o!th merica.(he herb has been !sed in folk medicine in treating obesity, hypertension and heartb!rn, and to help lower !ric acid le#els($$). ccording to the :oint st!dy by the 3ahidol 7ni#ersity and Jale 7ni#ersity 9chool of 3edicine, ste#iol fo!nd in -te$ia rebaudiana 9ertoni! s!ppressed /2(* and m(;*>9+K e)pression in renal cyst'lining epithelial cells, thro!gh stim!lation of 3P'acti#ated protein kinase ( 3PK)($,).;ther st!dy also showed a positi#e effect of ste#iol in 3adin'"arby canine

kidney (3"/K) cyst enlargement by inhibiting /2(* channel acti#ity and promoting proteasomal'mediated /2(* degradation($6). >. -an /en 9an Beng, a /hinese herb, is also known as spargan!m stolonifer!m b!ch.'hams. (he acrid, bitter and ne!tral herb has been !sed in (/3 to promote blood clots, inhibit thrombosis, lower the blood #iscosity, etc. as it breaks !p the Blood, eliminates Blood acc!m!lation, mo#es Ki. calms pain, etc. by enhancing the f!nctions of li#er and spleen channels. ccording to st!dy by 7ni#ersity of lberta, the herb has also been !sed as a trial dr!g to treat polycystic kidney disease (PK") patients in /hina. recently st!dy showed a positi#e effect against Polycystic kidney disease thro!gh red!ced the proliferation of renal epithelial cells stim!lated by epidermal growth factor (C<2), and inhibited the phosphorylation of the C<2 receptor and possibly thro!gh inhibition of polycystin'B channel($%). (aking altogether, the herbs abo#e may be effecti#e in red!ced formation of renal cyst, inhibited progression of the disease in patients with Polycystic kidney disease thro!gh some mechanisms, b!t large sample si1e and m!lti centers st!dies to identify the principle ingredients to #alidate these effecti#eness are necessary. s always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information H ed!cation only, please cons!lt yo!r "octor H *elated field specialist before applying. Please note that All articles written by ;yle ?. @orton are for information A education only! please consult your (octor A 0elated field specialist before applyin /hinese -ecrets .o Fatty /i$er And *besity 0e$ersal #se .he 0e$olutionary Findin s .o Achie$e *ptimal Health And /oose "ei ht ;#arian /ysts nd P/;9 Climination Holistic -ystem &n 1)istence .hat "ill -how 2ou How .o Permanently 1liminate All .ypes of *$arian 3ysts "ithin 2 4onths Back to *esearched articles ' Points of #iew of Iitamins, 2oods and 8erbs http566kyle+norton.blo spot.ca6p6blo 7pa e82,.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton 8ome page http566kyle+norton.blo spot.ca *eferences (a) Boss of Polycystin'$ 4nhibits Bicc$ C)pression d!ring 3o!se "e#elopment by Bian P$, Bi $, Bi J,, Bi! 8,, Biang "6, 8! B6, Bin "%, Jiang (-, 3oeckel <+, Kin "?, F! <0.(Pub4ed) (b) *ed!ced ciliary polycystin72 in ind!ced pl!ripotent stem cells from polycystic kidney disease patients with PK"$ m!tations by 2reedman B9$, Bam K, 9!ndsbak JB, 4atrino *, 9! E, Koon 9J, F! 3, "aheron B, 8arris P/, Lho! J, Bon#entre JI.(Pub4ed) (c) Polycystin'$ b!t not polycystin72 deficiency ca!ses !preg!lation of the m(;* pathway and can be synergistically targeted with rapamycin and metformin by 3ekahli "$, "ec!ypere JP, 9ammels C, Felkenh!y1en K, 9choeber J, !dre1et 3P, /or#elyn , "echMnes <, ;ng /, Filmer 3J, #an den 8e!#el B, B!ltynck <, Parys JB, 3issiaen B, Be#tchenko C, "e 9medt 8.(Pub4ed) ($) 3etabolic abnormalities in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by 3ao L$, Eie <, ;ng /.(Pub4ed) (,) decrease in kidney si1e and change in echogenicity occ!rs, prod!cing a pattern that is similar to that seen on sonograms of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by Blickman J<$, Bramson *(, 8errin J(.(Pub4ed) (6) C#idence for a role of proteins, lipids, and phytochemicals in the pre#ention of polycystic kidney disease progression and se#erity by 3adit1 K8$, <igliotti J/, (o! J/.(Pub4ed) (%) (riptolide red!ces cyst formation in a neonatal to ad!lt transition Pkd$ model of "PK" by Be!enroth 9J$, Benci#enga N, /hahbo!ne 8, 8yder 2, /rews /3.(Pub4ed) (-) (riptolide red!ces cystogenesis in a model of "PK" by Be!enroth 9J$, Benci#enga N, 4garashi P, 9omlo 9, /rews /3(Pub4ed) (+) /!rc!min inhibits cystogenesis by sim!ltaneo!s interference of m!ltiple signaling pathways: in #i#o e#idence from a Pkd$'deletion model by Beonhard FN$, #an der Fal , No#alic L, K!nnen 9J, <anse#oort *(, Bre!ning 38, de 8eer C, Peters "J.( Pub4ed) (?) 3urcumin inhibits renal cyst formation and enlargement in #itro by reg!lating intracell!lar signaling pathways by <ao J $, Lho! 8, Bei (, Lho! B, Bi F, Bi E, Jang B.(Pub4ed) (?a) cti#ation of 3P'acti#ated kinase as a strategy for managing a!tosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by 3c/arty 32$, Barroso' randa J, /ontreras 2.(Pub4ed) (?b) Berberine slows cell growth in a!tosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cells by Bonon $, 3angolini , Pinton P, "el 9enno B,

g!iari <.(Pub4ed) ($&) <inkgolide B inhibits renal cyst de#elopment in in #itro and in #i#o cyst models by Lho! 8$, <ao J, Lho! B, Bi E, Bi F, Bi E, Eia J, Jang B.(Pub4ed) ($$) .an$ir! Ashraf (2, 4ay 2BB>). C-u ar /ea$ D A new breed of 'sweetener'C. Pakistan A ricultural 0esearch 3ouncil. 0etrie$ed 2 ?anuary 2BB=. ('2) 9te#iol retards renal cyst growth thro!gh red!ction of /2(* e)pression and inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation in a mo!se model of polycystic kidney disease by J!a:it /$, 3!anprasat /,, <allagher *6, 2edeles 9I6, Kittayar!ksak!l 9%, 8om#isase#ongsa 9-, 9omlo 9+, /hats!dthipong I?.(Pub4ed) ($6) 9te#iol red!ces 3"/K /yst formation and growth by inhibiting /2(* channel acti#ity and promoting proteasome'mediated /2(* degradation by J!a:it /$, 8om#isase#ongsa 9, /hats!dthipong B, 9ood#ilai 9, 3!anprasat /, /hats!dthipong I.(Pub4ed) ($%) 4nhibition of polycystin'B channel by the 3hinese herb 9pargan!m stolonifer!m B!ch.'8am by Bi 2$, "ai EK, Bi K, F! J, /hen EL. (Pub4ed)