Edqm

Control of Impurities in the European Pharmacopoeia Principles and update on new developments
Dr. Michael Wierer Deputy Head, European Pharmacopoeia Department, EDQM, Council of Europe
Contents
1. Principles of Ph.Eur. impurity control 2. Potentially genotoxic impurities in monographs 3. New methods for mesilate salts etc. 4. New Expression of Acceptance criteria for impurities
M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 2
1) Principles of Impurity Control in the European Pharmacopoeia

Reflect regulatory practice in monographs Application of ICH guideline Q3A R to pharmacopoeial substances focus on quantitative aspects Adaptation to globalisation constant need for updating Revision of old monographs , in particular progressive replacement of TLC by LC or GC
Control of Impurities in Substances for Pharmaceutical Use

Residual solvents Control is provided by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use and general chapter 5.4 Residual solvents. Inorganic impurities Specific tests in individual monographs Organic impurities Related substances test and/or further tests
Impurities control - key features

Selective related substances tests Limits based on ICH Q3A R Transparency statements Information column brands Correct identification of impurities Meaningful system suitability criteria Separation Sensitivity see chapter 5.10 Control of Impurities
Standard requirements in an Ph.Eur. monograph

Limits for:
Specified impurities
Unspecified impurities
Total impurities Disregard limit
Impurities section (transparency list)

Specified impurities Other detectable impurities
Transparency list
Bromazepam
M. Wierer, 03/12/09 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved
Impurities Section
Gives impurities that are known to be detected by monograph tests
Usually controlled by related substances test, but may be other tests Based on information obtained and verified during elaboration Not necessarily exhaustive
Specified Impurities
are those in specifications for approved products limits based on specifications for approved products and batch analysis data specified impurities are qualified at or above the level indicated in the monograph
Other Detectable Impurities

Unique Ph.Eur. category
Impurities sections in monographs may have a list of ODIs

Analytical information only: the impurity is detected by the monograph method ODIs are limited in the monograph by the limit for unspecified impurities (or Substances for Pharmaceutical Use)
General monograph Substances for Pharmaceutical Use (2034)

To be read in conjunction with the individual monographs Bridges general requirements to those monographs, which are not yet updated
General monograph 2034:

Related substances
Unless otherwise prescribed, organic impurities in active substances are to be reported, identified wherever possible, and qualified as indicated in Table 2034.-1. (general) or in table 2034.-2 (for peptides obtained by chemical synthesis) Specific thresholds may be applied for impurities known to be unusually potent or to produce toxic or unexpected pharmacological effects
Requirements for active substances except synthetic peptides

Use Maximum daily dose 2 g /day Reporting threshold >0.05 per cent Identification threshold >0.10 per cent or daily intake >1.0 mg (whichever lower) >0.05 per cent Qualification threshold >0.15 per cent or daily intake >1.0 mg (whichever lower) > 0.05 percent
Human or human and veterinary
Human or human and veterinary Veterinary only
> 2 g/day
>0.03 per cent >0.10 per cent
Not applicable
0.20 per cent >0.50 per cent
M Wierer, 14/09/10 2010 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved
Requirements for peptides obtained by chemical synthesis

Reporting threshold > 0.1 % Identification threshold > 0.5 % Qualification threshold > 1.0 %
Thresholds do not apply for

Biological and biotechnological products Peptides (not obtained by chem. synthesis) Oligonucleotides Radiopharmaceuticals Products of fermentation and semisynthetic products derived therefrom Crude products of animal or plant origin or herbal products Excipients
Identification of impurities
15
Is retention time a system suitability requirement ?

Inertsil ODS 3 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5m
Kromasil C18 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5m
Alltima C18 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5m
CEFEPIME FOR SST CRS 1
Essentials for adequate test application

LC methods in the Ph. Eur. originally developed and validated by manufacturers, i.e. well-defined equipment and column(s). Robustness challenged by the fact that only a general description of the column can be given. The chromatographic behaviour with the variety of commercially available C 18 columns is very often too variable, esp. with gradients.
need to provide CRS and chromatogram info on the columns used need to set appropriate criteria (SST)
17
Peak identification
The identification of a given impurity is needed when the impurity has an individual limit, and/or when a correction factor must be applied. In all the other cases although desirable, the identification is not required.
The method of choice to identify an impurity in a chromatogram is by comparison with an authentic sample.
18
Example : Torasemide for system suitability CRS CF CF
Rs
Specified impurities: A, B, C, D.
Ph. Eur. Reference Substances

Use of the isolated impurity as impurity CRS CONSTRAINT: often impurities are available in scarce quantities only CRS: a sample containing the impurity of interest (a bad batch, a spiked batch, a mixture of substance and its impurities).
20
Description of HPLC columns:

Example: Amiodarone HCl
reversed phase LC elution, UV detection Column: _ size: l =0.15 m, = 4.6 mm _ stationary phase: octadecylsilyl silica gel for chrom. (5m) _ temperature: 30 C
What you will find in the monograph: dimensions, type of stationary phase, particle size Not given: brand names of columns
EDQM Knowledge database
contains information on - Reference standards - Column or reagent brand names

Column ranking/classification systems available on the internet

www.rheodyne.com www.pharm.kuleuven.ac.be/pharmchem/ columnclassification www.acdlabs.com/columnselector
System Suitability criteria:

Limits to ensure adequate test performance Resolution of two closely eluting peaks (critical peak pair)
Peak-to-valley ratio (incomplete separation, peaks of very different size)

Similarity or concordance with a chromatogram supplied Signal to noise ratio for sensitivity
Sumatriptan impurity mixture CRS (spiked samples)
- resolution imp C / sumatriptan minimum 1.5 - 5 clearly separated peaks
Peak-to-valley ratio
Example: Anhydrous paroxetine
Signal-to-noise ratio
Min. 3 for the peak due impurity H in ref. solution (e). = 0.05%
Why are revisions needed?
Revision Needs
Replace TLC by LC, GC or CZE Add a limit for total of impurities
Allow unambiguous peak identification

Bring general acceptance criterion in line with Substances for pharmaceutical use Introduce impurity section (transparency list) Updates for new active substance sources
Special revision programme:

Example Norfloxacin
TLC: max. 3 spots, each <= 0.2%, now replaced by LC:
2) Potentially genotoxic impurities in monographs

CHMP Guideline on the limits of genotoxic impurities in effect 1.1. 2007 CPMP/SWP/5199/02, EMEA/CHMP/QWP/251344/2006 Applicable to New active substances New applications of existing active substances unless there is assurance that no new or higher levels are introduced as compared to products M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved currently authorised in EU 32
Problem statement
What about existing substances covered by an EP monographs ? Transparency lists may contain structures of potentially genotoxic substances Structural alert does not automatically imply genotoxicity Sometimes production section to flag up PGIs
PGIs in transparency statements (1)

Classified as other detectable impurities This in analytical information only This does not necessarily confirm the occurrence of the impurity at relevant levels Rarely adequate control of such substances EP monographs may relate to several routes of synthesis The PGI may be irrelevant for certain routes of synthesis
PGIs in transparency statements (2)

Introduction of regular testing would not be helpful in many cases Analytical challenge: sensitivity, specificity Problem for authors of monograph revisions, new monographs and users Policy paper for European Pharmacopoeia Commission has been adopted after consultation of EMA QWP and SWP
www.edqm.eu/medias/fichiers/NEW_Potentialy_genotoxic_impuriti es_PhEur_monographs.pdf
Basic principle of the policy

For substances uses in human or human and veterinary products: Folllow the approach of the CHMP guideline
For substances solely used in vet. products: case-by case guidance by comp. authorities
Case 1
Substance included in a medicinal product authorised after application of the CHMP guideline* Monograph should be based on marketing authorization(s)
Case 2
Substance included in a medicinal product authorised before application of the CHMP guideline*: no PGI expected from synthetic route. No action needed, monograph based on marketing authorization
Case 3
Substance included in a medicinal product authorised before application of the CHMP guideline*: PGI expected from synthetic route of first authorised product and subsequently authorised products (if any) have no expected PGI or same PGI as the first authorised product at same or lower level and no data showing genotoxicity. No action needed during elaboration of monograph (based on marketing authorization), no revision of existing monographs
Case 4
Substance included in a medicinal product authorised before application of the CHMP guideline*: PGI expected from synthetic route of an authorised product and data showing genotoxicity of an expected PGI. Monograph should be elaborated or revised based on evaluation by the Competent Authority.
Case 5
Substance included in a medicinal product authorised before application of the CHMP guideline*: PGI expected from synthetic route of first authorised product, and subsequently authorised products have a new expected PGI or same PGI as innovator product at a higher level and data showing genotoxicity of an expected PGI. Monograph should be elaborated or revised based on evaluation of new PGI or high level of previously known PGI by the Competent Authority
Consquences
Monographs (limit and tests) will be updated if relevant information is submitted from stakeholders (in particular National Competent Authorities) The existence/use of a monograph does not release the user from his responsibility to review the synthetic route, the process control and the impurity profile as regards PGIs Certification Unit will apply the Guideline and Regulatory guidance
3) Update on methods concerning Mesilates

Sources: by-product impurities
Alkylated Agents
Methanesulfonic acid Mesilates (Esters)
O H 3C S O H O
O H 3C S O H R O R= Methyl, Ethyl, Isopropyl
+ R-OH
Potentially genotoxic !
Overview of methods developed

Determination of methansulfonyl chloride in methanesulfonic acid (Pharmeuropa 22.3) Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl methanesulfonate in methanesulfonic acid (Ph. Eur. 7.1); Determination of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl methanesulfonate in active substances (adopted, supplement 7.3)
2.5.38. Determination of Methyl-, Ethyl- and Isopropyl- methanesulfonate in active substance mesilates General method has been validated for the determination of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl esters of methanesulfonic acid ( in concentrations between 0.1 ppm and 5 ppm) for Betahistine mesilate Method has been examined for 10 further mesilate APIs described in Ph. Eur. Solutions need to be adapted to target concentrations and validated by the user
Method principle:
Dissolution of the mesilate API in H2O/ Acetonitrile Derivatisation of MMS, EMS and IprMS with NaI and Na2S2O3 to the respective iodide derivatives Headspace-GC with MS detection / SIM mode Internal standard Butylmethanesulphonate
1 Methyl2 EthyI- 3 Isopropyl4 Butyliodide
Monograph title
Betahistine mesilate
Limit calculated based on maximum daily dose and TTC (ppm)
Lower concentration tested during method verification (ppm)
42
Bromocriptine mesilate
Codergocrine mesilate Deferoxamine mesilate Dihydroergocristine mesilate Dihydroergotamine mesilate Doxazosin mesilate Pefloxacin mesilate dihydrate Pergolide mesilate Phentolamine mesilate Saquinavir mesilate
25
188 0.3 313 150 188 1.9 300 300 0.7
2
20 0.1 30 15 20 0.5 30 30 0.1
4) New Expression of Acceptance Criteria in the Test for Related Substances
Acceptance Criteria in the Test for Related Substances limit test style
So far usually expressed in terms of comparison of peak areas: Not more than the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram with the reference solution ... Pass/fail result (limit test) not a true quantitative (numerical) test result
Reasons for the proposed change to new (quantitative) style

Related substances tests were aligned with ICH Q3R and VICH GL 10 requirements
Users have requested a format more adapted to quantitative purposes and to industrial practice of calculating/reporting results
Proposed change (quantitative style)

Calculate the percentage content of impurity X from the concentration of reference solution ... Numerical result for each impurity Total of impurities can directly be calculated rather than summing up areas or corrected areas Use of term reporting threshold
Current status
Numerous (mostly positive) comments received
Agreed by Chairs of Chemical Expert Groups Due to the large impact
o No retrospective application o Use for new and revised texts via Pharmeuropa o General Notices , Chapter 5.10 to be amended to take account of limit test style and quantitative style o Adoption at Ph.Eur. Commission 3/2011 expected
Conclusion
Impurity control is the key item in Ph.Eur. active substance monographs Related substances TLC tests are replaced by LC or GC test (spec. revision programme) Ph.Eur. is updating old monographs whereever possible but ongoing New challenge: control of genotoxic impurities New methods for control of mesilates elaborated Style for impurity acceptance criteria now aligned with ICH Q3AR2 and VICH GL 10
Thank you!

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Control of Impurities in the European Pharmacopoeia Principles and update on new developments

1) Principles of Impurity Control in the European Pharmacopoeia

Control of Impurities in Substances for Pharmaceutical Use

Impurities control - key features

Standard requirements in an Ph.Eur. monograph

Impurities section (transparency list)

M. Wierer, 03/12/09 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved

Other Detectable Impurities

Impurities sections in monographs may have a list of ODIs

General monograph Substances for Pharmaceutical Use (2034)

General monograph 2034:

Requirements for active substances except synthetic peptides

Human or human and veterinary

Human or human and veterinary Veterinary only

>0.03 per cent >0.10 per cent

0.20 per cent >0.50 per cent

M Wierer, 14/09/10 2010 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved

Requirements for peptides obtained by chemical synthesis

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 14

Thresholds do not apply for

M. Wierer, 03/12/09 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved

Is retention time a system suitability requirement ?

Kromasil C18 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5m

Alltima C18 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5m

CEFEPIME FOR SST CRS 1

Essentials for adequate test application

Example : Torasemide for system suitability CRS CF CF

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 20

Ph. Eur. Reference Substances

Description of HPLC columns:

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 22

EDQM Knowledge database

contains information on - Reference standards - Column or reagent brand names

Column ranking/classification systems available on the internet

System Suitability criteria:

Peak-to-valley ratio (incomplete separation, peaks of very different size)

Sumatriptan impurity mixture CRS (spiked samples)

- resolution imp C / sumatriptan minimum 1.5 - 5 clearly separated peaks

M. Wierer, 03/12/09 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 25

M. Wierer, 03/12/09 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 26

Example: Anhydrous paroxetine

Why are revisions needed?

M. Wierer, 03/12/09 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 28

Allow unambiguous peak identification

Special revision programme:

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 31

2) Potentially genotoxic impurities in monographs

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 33

PGIs in transparency statements (1)

PGIs in transparency statements (2)

Basic principle of the policy

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 36

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 37

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 38

3) Update on methods concerning Mesilates

O H 3C S O H R O R= Methyl, Ethyl, Isopropyl

Overview of methods developed

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 44

M. Wierer, 02/12/10 2009 EDQM, Council of Europe, All rights reserved 46

Limit calculated based on maximum daily dose and TTC (ppm)

Lower concentration tested during method verification (ppm)

4) New Expression of Acceptance Criteria in the Test for Related Substances