Name: ..

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AS Level Chemistry

60%

2007 - 2008

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40%

Below

Year 12

1.3
Assessed Homework
Bonding

55

10.3 Chemical Bond

1.

(a)

An ammonium ion, made by the reaction between ammonia molecule and a

hydrogen ion, can be represented as shown in the diagram below.
+

H
H

(i)

H
H

Name the type of bond represented in the diagram N-H

.

(ii)

Name the type of bond represented in the diagram by NH

(iii)

In terms of electrons, explain why an arrow is used to represent this N H

bond

(iv)

In terms of electron pairs, explain why the bond angles in the NH 4+ ion are all
109o28

(7)
(b)

Define the term electronegativity

(2)

(c)

A bond between nitrogen and hydrogen can be represented as N - H

(i)

In this representation, what is the meaning of the symbol ?

10.3 Chemical Bond

(ii)

From this bond representation, what can be deduced about the electronegativity of
hydrogen relative to that of nitrogen?

(2)
(Total 11 marks)

10.3 Chemical Bond

2.

(a)

Both HF and HCl are molecules having a polar covalent bond. Their boiling points
are 293 K and 188 K respectively.
(i)

State which property of the atoms involved causes a bond to be polar.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(ii)

Explain, in terms of the intermolecular forces present in each compound,

why HF has a higher boiling point than HCl.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(b)

When aluminium chloride reacts with chloride ions, as shown by the equation
below, a co-ordinate bond is formed.

AlCl3 + Cl
AlCl4
Explain how this co-ordinate bond is formed.
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

+
Draw the shape of the PCl5 molecule and of the PCl4 ion. State the value(s) of
the bond angles.
PCl5

+
PCl4

Bond angle(s) ...................................... Bond angle(s)

..........................................
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

10.3 Chemical Bond

3.

Lithium hydride, LiH, is an ionic compound containing the hydride ion, H

The reaction between LiH and aluminium chloride, AlCl3, produces the ionic compound
LiAlH4
(a)

Balance the equation below which represents the reaction between LiH and AlCl3
LiH +

AlCl3

LiAlH4 +

LiCl
(1)

(b)

Give the electronic configuration of the hydride ion, H

......................
(1)
(c)

Predict the shape of the AlH 4 ion. Explain why it has this shape.
Shape ..........................................................................................................
Explanation .................................................................................................
......................
......................
(3)

(d)

A bond can be represented by H Al

Name this type of bond and explain how it is formed.
Type of bond ................................................................................................
Explanation ..
......................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

10.3 Chemical Bond

4.

The table below shows some values of melting points and some heat energies needed for
melting.

Substance

I2

NaCl

HF

HCl

HI

Melting point/K

387

1074

190

158

222

Heat energy for melting /kJ mol1

7.9

28.9

3.9

2.0

2.9

(a)

Name three types of intermolecular forces

Force 1 ..
Force 2 ..
Force 3 ..
(3)

(b)

(i)

Describe the bonding in a crystal of iodine

..

(ii)

Name the crystal type which describes an iodine crystal

.

(iii)

Explain why heat energy is required to melt an iodine crystal.

(4)

(c)

In terms of intermolecular forces involved, suggest why

(i)

hydrogen fluoride requires more heat energy for melting than does of
hydrogen chloride

10.3 Chemical Bond

..

(ii)

Hydrogen iodide requires more heat energy for melting than does hydrogen
chloride.

..
(5)

(d)

(i)

Explain why the heat energy required to melt sodium chloride is large

(ii)

The heat energy need to vaporise one mole of sodium chloride (171 KJ mol1

) is much greater than the heat energy required to melt one mole of sodium

chloride. Explain why this is so.

..
(3)
(e)

In terms of structure and bonding, suggest why graphite has a very high melting and
boiling point

(2)
(Total 17 marks)

10.3 Chemical Bond

5.

The diagram below represents a section of a crystal of silicon dioxide.

Si
O

Si

Si
Si

O
(a)

O
O

Name an element which has a structure similar to this.

.

(b)

(1)

Name the type of bonding between silicon and oxygen in this crystal
.
(1)

(c)

Name the type of structure illustrated by this diagram

.
(1)

(d)

Describe the motion of the atoms in this crystalline solid

.
(2)

(e)

In terms of structure and bonding, describe what happens to the atoms in this
crystal when it melts

..

(f)

Explain why this crystal is a non conductor of electricity in the solid state and why
graphite is a good conductor.

10.3 Chemical Bond

(4)
(Total 9 marks)

TEST 2
Answer all questions
Total 50 marks
Name:

SECTION A TOTAL ../35

SECTION B TOTAL /15
TOTAL ./50
= ..%
Grade __________

10.3 Chemical Bond

SECTION A
1.

(a)

What is a covalent bond?

.................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

Draw dot-and cross diagrams (outer shells only) to show the bonding in carbon
disulphide (CS2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S).

Bonding in CS2

Bonding in H2S
(2)

(b)

Showing the outer electrons only, draw a dot-and-cross diagram to indicate the
bonding in calcium oxide.

(2)

(c)

(i)

Give the type of bonding present in BeCl2

(ii)

..................................................................................................................
Give the type of bonding present in BaCl2
..................................................................................................................

(iii)

Explain why the type of bonding is different in these two compounds.

..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
(3)

(Total 8 marks)

10

10.3 Chemical Bond

2.
(a)

Draw diagrams to show the shapes of the following molecules and in each case
show the value of the bond angle on the diagram.
BeCl2

BF3

CCl4

SF6

(8)

(b)

Explain why the shape of NF3 is not the same as the shape of BF3.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3)

(Total 11 marks)

11

10.3 Chemical Bond

3.

The boiling temperatures, Tb, of some Group IV and Group V hydrides are given below

(a)

Compound

CH4

SiH4

NH3

PH3

Tb/K

112

161

240

185

The polarity of a carbon-hydrogen bond can be shown as C H

(i)

What does the symbol + above the hydrogen atom signify?

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Explain briefly, in terms of its shape, why a CH4 molecule has no overall
polarity.

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3)

(b)

Name the type of intermolecular forces which exist between CH4 molecules in
liquid methane.
.................................................................................................................................
.
(1)

(c)

Explain why the boiling temperature of PH3 is greater than that of CH4.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3)

(d)

Explain why the boiling temperature of NH3 is greater than that of PH3
.................................................................................................................................

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10.3 Chemical Bond

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2)

(e)

Suggest why the strength of the CH bond in CH4 is greater than that of the SiH
bond in SiH4. State the relationship, if any, between the strength of the covalent
bond in CH4 and the boiling temperature of CH4
Reason for stronger C-H bond:
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Relationship between covalent bond strength and boiling temperature:
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2)

(Total 11 marks)

13

10.3 Chemical Bond

4.

Draw sketches to predict the shape of a CIF' ion and the shape of a ClF5
molecule. In each case indicate, on the sketch, the bond angle value(s).

ClF +2

CIF5

(5)
(Total 5 marks)

14

10.3 Chemical Bond

SECTION B
5.

(a)

Define the term electronegativity and explain why the electronegativity values of
the Group II elements BeBa decrease down the group.
(4)

(b)

Name the strongest type of intermolecular force between hydrogen fluoride

molecules and draw a diagram to illustrate how two molecules of HF are attracted
to each other.
In your diagram show all lone pairs of electrons and any partial charges. Explain
the origin of these charges.
Suggest why this strong intermolecular force is not present between HI
molecules.
(7)

(c)

Crystals of sodium chloride and of diamond both have giant structures. Their
melting points are 1074 K and 3827 K, respectively. State the type of structure
present in each case and explain why the melting point of diamond is so high.
(4)

(Total 15 marks)

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10.3 Chemical Bond

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