GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN, SONIPAT

TEACHING PROGRAMME
SERVICES II (WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION)
SESSION 2008-09
AR 110-A
Periods/week: 2
Sessional Marks: 50
Portfolio Exam Marks: 50
INTENT:
Building Services are a part of the building which makes it functional. Services are an extremely vast field of
Architecture ranging from water supply to fire fighting; climatology to electrical services; air conditioning to
acoustics and the types. Services form an integral part of the building; if services are not considered at the
conceptual stage, the construction may lead to the inconveniences, health hazards and may also seriously affect the
aesthetics of the building. The intent of the course is to make the students familiar with water supply and disposal
systems with the house as a basic unit and to appreciate the designing and layout of water supply, plumbing,
drainage and sanitation of simple buildings.

CONTENT:
The syllabus would cover the source, availability, distribution and purification of the most essential requirement of
humans: the water. This semester studies comprise of the following:
Sources of surface and ground water, treatment of water, transportation and distribution at town level.
Water supply system: fittings and fixtures like taps, valves, tanks, etc., direct and indirect supply, layout
and sizes of pipes, hot water supply, storage.
Sewerage system: sanitary drainage systems, fitting and fixtures, sizes and layout, sewage collection,
sewage treatment and disposal at town level.
Solid waste management: entire system of storm water drainage
Rainwater drainage: collection and conveyance of rain water from roofs, paved areas and ground surface to
a public storm water drain or to a pond or river, etc.

CONDUCTANCE:
The class would start with a lecture which will be followed by a discussion on the same and then concluded with the
assignments of the related work as per detailed out in each lecture. The classes would be conducted in the studio
with site visits in some of the classes as per the schedule. Product catalogues, architectural drawing samples and
talks with the concerned people from the field will be used as easy learning tools along with the theory classes.

Week 1
Introduction to the subject of services with emphasis on Water supply and sanitation, its importance and need.
Discussion on the various components of Municipal water supply scheme and Assessment of water requirements for
different purposes and building types.
# Make 6 groups of 3 students each who would be carrying on the assigned group works through the semester.
Ex: Write a paper on the same.

Week 2
Origin of water, Types of water, Sources of supply:
Ground water: Springs, deep wells, artesian wells
Surface water: Lakes and streams, ponds, rivers, reservoirs, Catchments
Bore-wells: Methods of boring, types of bore wells
Ex: Write an assignment on the same.

Week 3
Treatment of water
Usual impurities in water, Sources of impurities, Hazards due to contaminated water, Classification of impurities

Examination of water: Physical examination, Chemical examination, Bacteriological examination

Standards of quality of treated water and Characteristics
Hardness of water
Purification of water: Aeration, Sedimentation, Coagulation, Filtration
Miscellaneous treatment of water: Disinfection or Sterilization; Color, odour and taste removal; Iron and manganese
removal; Hardness removal
Domestic water treatment
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 4
Distribution system: at Municipal level; at Individual level
Systems of supply of water: Continuous system; Intermittent system
Layout of distribution pipes: Grid iron method; Radial method; Dead end method; Circular method
Systems of supply: Direct supply system, Indirect supply system
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 5
Pipes: Laying and Jointing
Cutting of pipes
Digging of trenches
Laying of pipes: Thrust blocks
Back filling and tamping
Hydrostatic tests
Embedding pipes into masonry walls: Cutting chases in walls, Dry stone pitching, Dry brick pitching, Filling of
chases
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 6
Water pipes: Materials
Types of pipes: Plastic pipes, LDPE pipes, HDPE pipes, Rigid PVC pipes, Injection moulded PVC fittings
Laying and Jointing of unplasticised PVC (external and internal works): Solvent welding joints, Rubber ring joints
Galvanized iron pipes, Laying and Jointing of GI pipes (external and internal works)
Connection of GI distribution branch with GI main
Asbestos cement pipes, RCC spun pipes: laying and jointing
Cast iron pipes: laying and jointing of cast iron pipes and fittings
Copper pipes: advantages
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 7
Pipe Appurtenances
Types of valves: Line valve, Scour valve, Air valve, Relief valve, Fire hydrants, Taps/Bib cocks, Float valves
Ferrule
Water meters and their types
Storage tanks
Asbestos cement water storage tanks
Sheet moulding compound panel type water tanks
Ferrocement water storage tanks
PVC water storage tanks
Capacity of water storage tanks, Location
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 8
Pumps
Different varieties of pumps: Air lift pumps, Centrifugal pumps, Positive displacement pumps

Classification according to use: Booster pump, Lift pump, Jet pump, Submersible pump
Automatic motor pump controller: Functioning, Applications
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 9
Sanitation and Drainage
Introduction
House drainage
Systems of sewerage: One-pipe system, Two-pipe system, Partially ventilated one-pipe system, Single stack system
Anti-siphonage pipe
Advantages and disadvantages of Separate system and Combined system
Choice of system
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 10
Sewers
Stoneware pipes: Laying, Jointing, Advantages and disadvantages
Straight SW pipes, Radius bends, SW junctions, Taper pipes, Bedding stoneware pipes
Cast iron pipes, Joints
Rigid PVC drainage system, Cement concrete pipes
Shapes of sewers: Egg-shaped, Horse-shoe shaped, Parabolic section, Box-type section, Semi-circular section,
Semi-elliptical section
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 11
Traps
Types of traps: Floor trap, Multi-floor trap, Gulley trap, Intercepting trap, Grease and oil traps, Silt trap
Sanitary fittings
Wash basins
Bath tubs
Sinks
Urinals
Water closets: Indian type WC, European type WC, Anglo-Indian type WC
Flushing cistern: High level, Low level
Ex: Write an assignment on the same
Collect brochures and literature about various brands in sanitary fittings.

Week 12
Sewer Appurtenances
Manholes, Catch basins, Clean outs, Flushing tanks, Lamp hole
Disposal and treatment
Natural method: Self-purification of Natural waters, Disposal by land treatment
Sewage treatment
Primary treatment: Screens, Grit chambers, detritus tank, Skimming tanks, Plain sedimentation tanks
Secondary treatment: Filtration, Activated sludge process
Ex: Write an assignment on the same
Discuss characteristics of various types of sanitary fittings as collected and compare them.

Week 13
Septic tanks
Types
Design criteria: Quantity of sewage, Relative absorption, Siphon tank, Capacity

Working: Distribution boxes, Leaching cesspools, Subsoil disposal beds, Sand filters, Soak pits, Dispersion
trenches, Irrigation, Disposal of sludge
Types of drainage pipes
Ex: Write an assignment on the same

Week 14
Storm water drainage
Storm water inlets: Curb inlets, Gutter inlets, Composite
Surface drains: Shape
Inverted siphon: Design aspects
Regulators (for overflow devices): Leaping water, Overflow wier, Siphon spillway
Ex: Write an assignment on the same
Draw the water supply layout/network on any given residential plan.

Week 15
Discussion continued on the water supply layout in residential building.
Rain water drawings, storm water drainage, road, gully, roof drainage systems, spouts, gutter, khurras, sloping roof
v/s flat roof. Size of rain water pipe, open drainage.
General principles to be used in toilet and kitchen layout. Space distribution, dry and wet spaces, use of material,
light and ventilation requirements, mounting heights. Discussion on various types of toilets.