Case No.

1120465

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA

HUGH MCINNISH, et a ., A!!e a"ts #. BETH CHAPMAN, SECRETAR$ OF STATE, et a . A!!e ees.

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF MONTGOMER$ COUNT$ C% 2012&105'

AFFI(A%IT OF MICHAEL )ULLO L. (ea" *o+"so" L. (EAN *OHNSON, P.C. 40'0 Ba ,o-a (-., S./te B H."ts#/ e, AL '5001 Te 1 22563 000&5144 La--5 6 a5,a" 6LA$MAN LA7 FIRM 2020 Pe""s5 #a"/a A#e, N7 S./te 000 7as+/"8to", (.C. 20006 Te 1 2'103 595&0000 Atto-"e5s :o- A!!e a"ts

AFFIDAVIT OF MICHAEL ZULLO My name is Michael Zullo, I am a citizen ove !" yea s o# a$e an% a esi%ent o# A izona& The in#o mation containe% in the a##i%avit is 'ase% on my (e sonal )no*le%$e an% i# calle% as a *itness, I coul% testi#y com(letely the eto& I am a #o me s*o n la* en#o cement o##ice+c iminal investi$ato an% cu ently a((ointe% 'y the electe% ,he i## o# Ma ico(a County, -ose(h M& A (aio as the comman%e o# his Col% Case .osse an% se vin$ in this ca(acity as the chie# investi$ato commissione% to investi$ate the alle$ations ' ou$ht to his attention that . esi%ent O'ama/s i%entity %ocuments *e e #o $e%& I he e'y s*ea , to the 'est o# my )no*le%$e an% 'elie#, as #ollo*s0
1. In Au$ust 12!!, some 132 citizens o# Ma ico(a County, A izona, (etitione%

Ma ico(a County ,he i## -ose(h A (aio to investi$ate alle$ations that . esi%ent O'ama/s i%entity %ocuments *e e #o $e%& They #u the alle$e% that 'y en%o sin$ the #o $e ies, M & O'ama ha% aise% 4uestions a'out his constitutional eli$i'ility to hol% the o##ice o# . esi%ent&
2. The Ma ico(a County ,he i##/s O##ice is an A izona ,tate Ce ti#ie% La*

En#o cement A$ency, Hea%4ua te e% in .hoeni5 A izona& Ma ico(a County is the #ou th la $est county in the Unite% ,tates, an% has a total a ea o# 6,117 s4ua e miles& An% has a (o(ulation o# ove #ou million& De(uty ,he i##s o# the MC,O a e %ele$ate% thei la* en#o cement autho ity 'y the Ma ico(a County ,he i##&

3. ,he i## -ose(h M& A (aio 'ecame ,he i## in !661 an% has 'een eelecte% to an

un( ece%ente% si5th te m in o##ice& He 'e$an his ca ee as a #e%e al na cotics a$ent in#ilt atin$ % u$ o $anizations # om Tu )ey to the Mi%%le East to Me5ico, Cent al, an% ,outh Ame ica to cities a oun% the U&,& 4. His e5(e tise an% success le% him to to( mana$ement (ositions a oun% the *o l% *ith the U&,& D u$ En#o cement A%minist ation 8DEA9& He conclu%e% his ema )a'le #e%e al ca ee as hea% o# the DEA #o A izona& A (aio has ove #ive %eca%es e5(e ience in la* en#o cement& 5. The Ma ico(a County Col% Case .osse 6. Un%e the A izona Constitution an% A izona :evise% ,tatutes, the electe% ,he i## o# Ma ico(a County has the autho ity to e4uest assistance # om a voluntee (osse to assist the ,he i## in the e5ecution o# his %uties, *o )in$ un%e la* en#o cement autho ity o# the Ma ico(a County ,he i##& 7. U(on activation 'y the Ma ico(a County ,he i##, ce ti#ie% .osse mem'e s a e em(o*e e% to act as i# the ,he i## himsel# *e e ( esent *hen calle% u(on to %o so& .osse mem'e s o# the MC,O a e %ele$ate% thei la* en#o cement autho ity 'y the Ma ico(a County ,he i##& 8. Un%e that activation ,he i## A (aio $ ante% #ully la* en#o cement autho ity o# the Ma ico(a County ,he i##/s O##ice to con%uct this investi$ation an% to e(o t 'ac) to the ,he i## ou #in%in$s #o his ultimate %is(ensation& 9. In Octo'e o# 122;, ,he i## A (aio o %e e% the c eation o# the MC,O Col% Case .osse 8CC.9& At his (e sonal e4uest I acce(te% a((ointment as comman%e o# this unit& I have se ve% in this ca(acity #o the last seven yea s&
10. The (u (ose o# the CC. *as to assist Ma ico(a County ,he i##/s O##ice in

investi$ations inclu%in$ active an% Col% Case Homici%es& ,ince its ince(tion,

the CC. has 'een (lace% un%e the $ui%ance an% cont ol o# The <ene al Investi$ation Division& 11. The MC,O Col% Case .osse consists o# han% selecte% in%ivi%uals *ith %ive se s)ills consistin$ o# ( o#essional e5(e iences in con%uctin$ investi$ations, inclu%in$ in%ivi%uals *ith 'ac)$ oun%s in La* En#o cement, Insu ance F au% Investi$ations, Milita y ,e vice, .hysicians, Com(ute In#o mation ,ystems, Co (o ate CEO/s, as *ell as atto neys *ho have (a tici(ate% in c iminal an% o civil liti$ation& 12. ,he i## A (aio e#e e% the com(laint to his Col% Case .osse, %i ectin$ mysel# as Lea% Investi$ato to evie* the evi%ence, to %ete mine *hethe an% to *hat e5tent the com(laint ha% me it, to investi$ate #u the in %ue cou se as necessa y, an% to e(o t %i ectly to ,he i## A (aio& 13. A #ive=mem'e team o# e5(e ience% investi$ato s *as e5( essly selecte%& It inclu%e% #o me (olice %etectives an% atto neys 8*hom have eceive% a%%itional investi$ational t ainin$ 'y Ma ico(a County ,he i##/s O##ice9 *ho *o )e% volunta ily an% at vi tually no e5(ense to the ta5(aye & Investi$ation o# the Com(laint 14. ,he i## A (aio e#e e% the com(laint to his Col% Case .osse, %i ectin$ mysel# as Lea% Investi$ato to evie* the evi%ence, an% to %ete mine *hethe an% to *hat e5tent the com(laint ha% me it& >e *e e to investi$ate #u the as necessa y, an% e(o t to ,he i## A (aio& ,he i## A (aio e5( esse% that it *as his $oal to clea the %ocument as authentic an% move the count y #o *a %& He also e4ui e% that the investi$ation 'e tho ou$h an% a'sent o# any (olitical i%eolo$ies, an% that it 'e (e #o me% *ith the utmost ca e an% %ili$ence&

15. At the ,he i##/s %i ection, the ( inci(al #ocus o# the investi$ation *as the

elect onic %ocument o com(ute ima$e on the >hite House *e'site that . esi%ent O'ama ha% ( esente% as an authentic ima$e o# his lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate to the Ame ican (eo(le an% to citizens o# Ma ico(a County at a >hite House ( ess con#e ence on A( il 1?, 12!!, *hen he ha% sai%, @>e ( ovi%e% a%%itional in#o mation to%ay a'out the site o# my 'i th&&&yes, in #act, I *as 'o n in Ha*aii, Au$ust 7, !6;!, in Aa(iolani Hos(ital&B 16. The investi$ato s *e e also %i ecte% to evie* all 'ac)$ oun% %ocumentation ( ovi%e% 'y the (etitione s in elation to thei com(laint, an% to consi%e all othe in#o mation o'taine% o %evelo(e% %u in$ the no mal cou se o# the investi$ation& 17. The (etitione s su$$este% that the ,he i##/s O##ice shoul% sta t 'y contactin$ D & -e ome Co si, an investi$ative Cou nalist *ho ha% * itten a 'oo) in sea ch o# M & O'ama/s o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate %ocument an% ha% amasse% a su'stantial 'o%y o# evi%ence& D & -e ome Co si *as un)no*n to the investi$ato s ( io to this investi$ation& ,u'se4uently, *e s(ent !; hou s inte vie*in$ D & Co si, *ho a$ ee% to tu n ove to us #o in#o mation he ha% on #ile&
18. At the conclusion o# D & Co si/s inte vie* I %ete mine% that D & Co si/s *o ),

evie* all o# the

8*ith the e5ce(tion o# a co(y o# the %o*n loa%e% &(%# #ile elease% 'y the >hite House on A( il 1?, 12!!9 *as to 'e t eate% as @investi$ational in#o mationB only an% not to 'e consi%e e% as evi%ence&

19. The 'asis #o this %ecision *as %ue in (a t to the #act that some o# the

in#o mation ( esente% 'y D & Co si *as a com(ilation o# esea ch (e #o me% 'y othe in%ivi%uals& In a%%ition D & Co si *as in communication *ith these in%ivi%uals ( io to meetin$ *ith us an% these in%ivi%uals *e e yet un)no*n to ou investi$ato s& 20. To ( ese ve the in%e(en%ence an% inte$ ity o# ou investi$ation D & Co si/s in#o mation *oul% 'e utilize% as investi$ative 'ac)$ oun% in#o mation only& D & Co si *o )e% closely *ith ou investi$ation as an in#o mational sou ce until -uly 12!1& 21. D & Co si su$$este% that *e shoul% contact a nationally eco$nize% com(ute e5(e t, Ma a Ze'est, *ho has se ve% as a cont i'utin$ autho an% technical e%ito #o mo e than !22 'oo)s on A%o'e an% Mic oso#t so#t*a e& Ms& Ze'est *as contacte% an% invite% to (a tici(ate in a t*o=%ay investi$ational meetin$, to *hich *e invite% #ive othe (a tici(ants0 investi$ato s, atto neys, an% ( o#essionals in com(ute ize% $ a(hic %esi$n, IT ( o#essionals, an% a (hysician& Done ha% any ( io #amilia ity *ith the >hite House com(ute ima$e %ocument& 22. Du in$ that meetin$, all as(ects o# the %ocument *e e e5amine% *ith the intention o# attem(tin$ to %is( ove the alle$ation that the %ocument ha% 'een #a' icate%& This inclu%e% a evie* o# the *o ) o# an autho 'y the name o# -ohn >oo%man& -ohn >oo%man, a st u$$lin$, sel#=%esc i'e% com(ute e5(e t, ha% autho e% a 'oo) (uttin$ #o th e5(lanations on ho* com(ute so#t*a e automatically cause% the anomalies containe% in the >hite House %ocument&

M & >oo%man/s *o ) ha% 'een cite% vi$o ously 'y nume ous me%ia outlets attem(tin$ to %is4uali#y alle$ations su$$estin$ that the &(%# %ocument o##e e% 'y M & O'ama *as anythin$ 'ut authentic& 23. The theo ies set #o th in M & >oo%manEs 'oo) *e e tho ou$hly teste% 'y investi$ato s an% #oun% to 'e nothin$ mo e than (u e s(eculation an% su((osition& The investi$ato s conclu%e% M & >oo%manEs *o ) *as nothin$ mo e than conCectu e *ithout any evi%entia y ( oo# that his theo ies coul% 'e su((o te%& 24. >hen investi$ato s (ut his theo ies into ( actical a((lication, they coul% not success#ully e( o%uce any o# the anomalies #oun% in the >hite House %ocument 'y automate% com(ute ize% ( ocess& The e#o e M & >oo%manEs *o ) *as %ismisse% as i elevant an% o##e in$ ze o evi%entia y value& 25. At the en% o# the t*o=%ay event, all investi$ational in#o mation conce nin$ the &(%# #ile *as ( esente% *as intensely teste% an% %eli'e ate%&

26. All in atten%ance a$ ee% unanimously that the >hite House com(ute

ima$e &(%# #ile containe% anomalies that *e e une5(laina'le unless the %ocument ha% 'een #a' icate% (iecemeal 'y human inte vention, athe than 'ein$ co(ie% # om a $enuine (a(e %ocument& This conclusion also se ve% to cont a%ict the alle$e% chain o# events su oun%in$ the ( o%uction o# the %ocument, as (ut #o th 'y the >hite House an% the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health&

27. Investi$ational #in%in$s thus #a *e e e(o te% 'ac) to ,he i## A (aio& Havin$

in#o me% ,he i## A (aio that the %ocument a((ea e% to 'e a #a' icate% #o $e y an% that violation o# A izona c iminal statutes an% #e%e al statutes may have ta)en (lace, it *oul% 'e essential to continue the investi$ation& ,he i## A (aio a$ ee% an% investi$ato s 'e$an to (u sue #u the investi$ation o# the &(%# #ile an% elate% events su oun%in$ the c eation o# the %ocument& 28. This se ves as an outline o# ou *o ), ( elimina y esults, an% ( elimina y conclusions to %ate& As o# the %ate o# this e(o t, this investi$ation emains o(en an% on$oin$ an% a%%itional #o ensic evi%ence continues to 'e uncove e% #u the vali%atin$ the o i$inal investi$ational #in%in$s& 29. Investi$ato s stu%ie% M & O'ama/s @sho t=#o mB Ha*aiian 'i th ce ti#icate that 'ecame (u'lic in 122"F the @lon$=#o mB ce ti#icate en%o se% 'y M & O'ama at a >hite House ( ess con#e ence on A( il 1?, 12!!, an% then (oste% as an elect onic com(ute ima$e at ***&*hitehouse&$ov 8no (hysical %ocument *as ( o%uce%9F an% the selective se vice e$ist ation ca % alle$e%ly si$ne% 'y M & O'ama on -uly G2, !6"2& 30. >e inte vie*e% seve al (e sons, consulte% many e5(e ts, teste% an% evaluate% com(ute evi%ence usin$ elate% so#t*a e& In ea ly in 12!1, I in#o me% ,he i## A (aio o# ou ( elimina y #in%in$s& I e(o te% that a#te e5tensive e5amination o# the elect onic %ocument, the com(ute ima$e elease% 'y the >hite House on A( il 1?, 12!!, an% e5amination o# M & O'ama/s ,elective ,e vice e$ist ation ca %, that *e 'elieve% the e *as

( o'a'le cause to sus(ect M & O'ama/s i%entity %ocuments *e e in= #act #o $e%& 31. The ,he i## hel% a ( ess con#e ence on Ma ch !, 12!1, to announce the #in%in$s that investi$ato s ha% conclu%e% that the %ocument elease% on A( il 1?, 12!!, 'y the >hite House o# M & O'ama/s lon$ #o m 'i th ce ti#icate *as a com(ute $ene ate% # au% c eate% e5clusively 'y human inte vention an% not 'y the actions o# an%om com(ute ization& The ( ess con#e ence se ve% to att act #u the evi%ence, an% to $ive us an o((o tunity to ( esent an outline o# ou easons& 32. On Ma ch !, 12!1, ,he i## A (aio hel% a ( ess con#e ence %u in$ *hich he an% I ( esente% an outline o# those as(ects o# the investi$ation that *oul% not com( omise the sa#ety o# *itnesses o the inte$ ity an% #utu e cou se o# the
33. At that time, *e announce% that *e ha% conclu%e% that the e *as ( o'a'le

investi$ation&

cause that #o $e y an% # au% ha% 'een committe% in es(ect o# t*o %ocuments0 !9 the lon$=#o m o o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate com(ute ima$e ( esente% 'y M &, O'ama, *hich containe% multi(le e o s an% anomalies, many o# them se ious an%0 19 the selective=se vice %ocument #o M & O'ama, *hich containe% a t*o=%i$it yea =stam(& This *as cont a y to s(eci#ications issue% 'y #e%e al e$ulation to the e##ect that the yea o# issue shoul% 'e e5( esse% as #ou %i$its on the stam(, an% also cont a y to any othe selective=se vice e$ist ation %ocument that *e ha% 'een a'le to e5amine&

34. I visite% Ha*aii t*ice an% continue% ou investi$ation& A#te #u the in=%e(th

com(ute ize% testin$ an% %iscove in$ a%%itional in#o mation, *e conclu%e% in mi%=12!1 that M & O'ama/s i%entity %ocuments *e e not only #o $e% 'eyon% the le$al stan%a % o# ( o'a'le cause, 'ut %ue to loo( holes in the state o# Ha*aii/s vital statistics e(o tin$ la*s, the e *as the %istinct evi%ence su$$estin$ that Ha*aii/s statutes a((ea e% to 'e in con#lict *ith #e%e al immi$ ation la* an% (ose% an in%e(en%ent th eat to the national secu ity o# the Unite% ,tates& ,he i## A (aio/s . ess Con#e ence on -uly !?, 12!1 35. A#te th ee months o# #u the investi$ation, the ,he i## hel% a secon% ( ess con#e ence to announce, *ith my su((o t, that the e *as no lon$e a 4uestion o# me e sus(icion 'ut that o# ( o'a'le cause& It *as no* %emonst ate% 'eyon% ( o'a'le cause that the %ocument ( esente% to the (u'lic 'y M & O'ama an% (lace% on the >hite House *e'site *as an utte #o $e y& 36. In a%%ition, ,he i## A (aio e(o te% conce ns that Ha*aii/s statutes a((ea e% to 'e in con#lict *ith #e%e al immi$ ation la* an% the 'i th e$ist ation (olicy in Ha*aii (ose% a th eat to national secu ity& 37. ,he i## A (aio state% at 'oth ( ess con#e ences that *e a e not in a (osition to conclu%e eithe that M & O'ama himsel# has committe% any o##ense o that he *as 'o n outsi%e the Unite% ,tates, no that he is constitutionally ineli$i'le to see) o hol% the o##ice o# . esi%ent o# the Unite% ,tates& 38. Ho*eve , the #act that most i# not all o# the i%entity %ocuments a e #o $e% su((o ts the com(lainant/s alle$ation that M & O'ama, in en%o sin$ an%

(ostin$ a #o $e% 'i th ce ti#icate ima$e on the >hite House *e'site, has aise% le$itimate 4uestions that shoul% no* 'e investi$ate% 'y Con$ ess& 39. ,he i## A (aio also announce% that the investi$ation *oul% continue, an% it has continue% eve since& The On$oin$ Investi$ation 40. As the investi$ation continue%, va ious national an% local me%ia attem(te% to %is4uali#y the investi$ative #in%in$s 'y #oste in$ alte native e5(lanations #o the %ocuments i e$ula ities& O((onents ma%e nothin$ mo e than su(e #icial e5(lanations alle$in$ that the O'ama %ocuments i e$ula ities *e e sim(ly cause% 'y nothin$ mo e than the automation ( ocesses o# com(ute so#t*a e& Ho*eve , the me%ia #aile% to (ut #o th any investi$ative evi%ence to vali%ate thei theo ies, *hich *e e soun%ly %e#eate% 'y ove !,122 in%e(en%ent com(ute so#t*a e tests con%ucte% 'y investi$ato s& 41. Investi$ato s *ante% to %ete mine the ( o'a'ility that a %ocument containin$ the (letho a o# i e$ula ities as #oun% in the com(ute ima$e O'ama ( esente% coul% still 'e $enuine& 42. Ta)in$ it a ste( #u the , investi$ato s sou$ht an in%e(en%ent autho ity on #o ensic %ocument e5amination that ha% no ( evious connection *ith ou in4ui y& Investi$ato s commissione% a cou t ce ti#ie% han%* itin$ analyst an% #o ensic %ocument e5amine *ith ove 12 yea s o# e5(e ience ( ovi%in$ %ocument e5(e tise to le$al an% la* en#o cement communities, co (o ations, #inancial institutions an% ( ivate in%ivi%uals #o this tas)& 43. Investi$ato s e4ueste% an in%e(en%ent evie* o# ou #in%in$s in es(ect to the lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate ima$e that #ell *ithin his #iel% o# e5(e tise&

44. U(on the conclusion o# ou e5(e t/s e5amination he issue% an in%e(en%ent

72 (a$e #o ensic e(o t in *hich he ve i#ie% ou investi$ational #in%in$ an% vali%atin$ conclusion in #ull a$ eement *ith the #in%s o# investi$ato s& He conclu%e%0 @H'ase% on my o'se vations an% #in%in$s, it is clea that Ce ti#icate o# Live Ii th I e5amine% is not a scan o# an o i$inal (a(e 'i th ce ti#icate, 'ut a %i$itally manu#actu e% %ocumente% c eate% 'y utilizin$ mate ial # om va ious sou ces&B an%

@In ove 12 yea s o# e5aminin$ %ocumentation o# va ious ty(es, I have neve seen a %ocument that is so se iously 4uestiona'le in so many es(ects& In my o(inion, the 'i th ce ti#icate is enti ely #a' icate%&B

Authenticity o# >hite House :elease% Ii th Ce ti#icate Ima$e 45. Investi$ato s have %ete mine% 'eyon% ( o'a'le cause that the com(ute ima$e elease% on A( il 1?, 12!! 'y the >hite House, an% (u (o tin$ to 'e a t ue com(ute co(y o# M & O'ama/s lon$ #o m 'i th ce ti#icate, is not a scan o# an o i$inal ha % co(y %ocument& It is, in #act, an un%enia'le com(ute $ene ate% #o $e y c eate% *ith the sole intent to %eceive the (u'lic 'y commission o# #elonious # au%ulent acts& 46. ,he i## A (aio/s investi$ato s have %ete mine% the %ocument 8 the &(%# #ile elease% 'y the >hite House9 *as c eate% enti ely 'y human inte vention, an% not 'y the actions o# an%om com(ute ization& As such, the >hite house com(ute ima$e cannot 'e elie% u(on as 'ona #i%e #actual eco % o# the 'i th event that it attem(ts to %e(ict& 47. Ou investi$ation has also conclu%e% that the metho% use% to #a' icate the %ocument *as 'y means o# human lo$ic an% the %istinct manual (lacement an% %ist i'ution o# elect onic %ata 'et*een nine %istinct com(ute $ene ate%

@laye sB& This ty(e o# laye in$ is enti ely uncha acte istic o# a (a(e %ocument that, *hen scanne%, esults in a sim(le, %i$itize%, sin$le laye (hoto$ a(hic ima$e& 48. Investi$ato s in (a ticula #ocuse% on the e$ist a stam( 'ea in$ the si$natu e o# Ha*aii ,tates :e$ist a D & Alvin T& Ona)a& This stam( *as #oun% to 'e com( ise% o# e5te nal o'Cects that *e e im(o te% into the %ocument, c eate% uni4uely #o the #o $e y o# the O'ama 'i th %ocument, 'y an intentionally %ece(tive cut=an%=(aste ( ocess& This #act alone is su##icient to en%e the enti e %ocument voi% o# any ( o'ative value& 49. Ou investi$ational #in%in$s soun%ly %e#eate% the only t*o attem(te% e5(lanations o# the anomalies on the com(ute $ene ate% lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate ima$e o##e e% #o Custi#ication0 OC: 8O(tical Cha acte :eco$nition9 an%+o O(timization 8Com( ession o# the #iles in o %e to e%uce the #ile size9& Investi$ato s attem(te% to ec eate the anomalies #oun% in the com(ute $ene ate% ima$e 'y te%ious im(lementation o# the some !122 com(ute ize% tests, an% *e e una'le to ec eate the anomalies containe% in the >hite House &(%# #ile& Investi$ato s clea ly %emonst ate% that neithe coul% account #o the my ia% %isc e(ancies #oun% in the >hite House ima$e& 50. ,u'se4uently, this is su((o te% 'y an in%e(en%ent e5(e t #o ensic e5amination con#i me% the elect onic com(ute ima$e o# Ia ac) O'ama/s lon$ #o m Ce ti#icate o# Live Ii th, elease% 'y the >hite House on A( il 1?,

12!!, is in #act a #o $e y, thus su((o tin$ the initial #in%in$s o# ou investi$ation& 51. The e#o e M & O'ama has in #act not o##e e% any ve i#ia'le autho itative %ocument o# any le$al si$ni#icance o (ossessin$ any evi%entia y value as to the o i$ins o# his (u (o te% 'i th na ative o location o# the 'i th event& 52. In a%%ition investi$ato s have %ete mine% that the >hite House &(%# #ile %is(layin$ a manu#actu e% ima$e o# M & O'amas (u (o te% Ha*aiian 'i th ce ti#icate coul% not su vive Cu%icial sc utiny o 'e o##e e% as %ocumente% evi%ence, ce ti#ie% 'y the ,tate o# Ha*aii, as ( oo# attestin$ to the event an%
53. As such, this com(ute mani(ulate% # au%ulent ima$e cannot 'e %eeme% as

the e#o e coul% not 'e acce(te% as such in any Cu%icial ( ocee%in$&

acce(ta'le le$al evi%ence #o the (u (ose o# vali%ation o ve i#ication o# i%entity o citizenshi(, o se ve as ve i#ication o# a 'i th event 'y any ,ec eta y o# ,tate in the con#ines o# the Unite% ,tates& 54. M & O'ama has not elease% any evi%ence othe than a manu#actu e% com(ute #o $e y 'y human inte vention an% %esi$n in an e##o t to su((o t his claim o# his 'i th ta)in$ (lace at Aa(iolani Hos(ital, Honolulu, Ha*aii on Au$ust 7, !6;!& 55. A%%itionally, Ha*aii ,tate ,tatues an% Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health (olicy %o not autho ize the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health to c eate a com(ute $ene ate% &(%# #ile as an o##icially ce ti#ie% %ocument seve in$ as a ve i#ication o# a live 'i th event& 56. The ve y c eation this &(%# #ile uns in %i ect con#lict *ith the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health/s o*n a%mission %ecla in$ they elease% t*o (a(e

co(ies o# a @Ii th DocumentB to the . esi%ent/s atto ney .e )ins Coie (a tne -u%ith Co ley on A( il 13, 12!!& 57. Acco %in$ to co(ies o# lette s elease% 'y >hite House o##icials, -u%ith Co ley initiate% the ( ocess an% t avele% to Ha*aii to (ic) u( t*o (hoto co(ies o# M & O'ama/s lon$ #o m 'i th ce ti#icate, not an elect onic &(%# #ile& The t*o co(ies elease% to -u%ith Co ley have neve 'een ma%e (u'lic& 58. Investi$ato s have also %ete mine% that the much toute% !6;! ne*s(a(e announcements a e in #act utte ly un elia'le as evi%ence to su((o t ve i#ication o# the event as %e(icte% in the &(%# ima$e o# the manu#actu e% 'i th ce ti#icate elease% 'y the >hite House an% atteste% to my M & O'ama& In a%%ition the a#o ementione% announcements can 'e o# no su'stitute #o a Ha*aii ,tate O##icial Ii th Ce ti#ication an% o Ce ti#icate& 59. In summation, investi$ato s 'elieve that the com(ute ima$e ( esente% 'y the >hite House is an una'ashe% #o $e y, an% thus coul% not su vive even the lo*est level o# Cu%icial sc utiny in any Cu is%iction in the Unite% ,tates, an%
60. Fu the mo e, it cannot 'e use% as an authenticate% le$al %ocument #o ( oo#

%oes not se ve as evi%ence o ce ti#ication o# any such event&

o# citizenshi(, o ( oo# to o'tain a le$itimate (ass(o t, o le$itimate ,ocial ,ecu ity I%enti#ication Dum'e & It most ce tainly cannot 'e elie% u(on as le$itimate ( oo# an% ve i#ication o# a live 'i th event 'y the esi%ents o# Ma ico(a County, the ,tate O# A izona, o in any Cu is%iction *ithin the Unite% ,tates& A izona/s Ve i#ication Attem(ts Th*a te%

61. A izona ,ec eta y o# ,tate Aen Iennett e4ueste% ve i#ication o# M & O'ama/s

'i th eco %s # om the ,tate o# Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health0 62. @.lease ve i#y that the attache% co(y o# the Ce ti#icate o# Live Ii th #o M & O'ama is a t ue an% accu ate e( esentation o# the o i$inal eco % in you #iles&B 63. Ho*eve , Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health ,tate :e$ist a D & Alvin T& Ona)a %i% not ve i#y the >hite House com(ute ima$e as a t ue o accu ate e( esentation o# the o i$inal 'i th eco %, only es(on%in$, @the in#o mation in the co(y H that you attache% *ith you in ou #ile&B
64. Ha*aii o##icials cleve ly #ocuse% on the e( esentation o# in#o mation

e4uest matches the o i$inal eco %

%e(icte% in the # au%ulent ima$e %ive tin$ attention to the #oun%ation o# the e4uest o# ,ec eta y o# ,tate Iennett& @.lease ve i#y that the attache% co(y o# the Ce ti#icate o# Live Ii th #o M & O'ama is a t ue an% accu ate e( esentation o# the o i$inal eco % in you #iles&B 65. @In#o mationB is not a ve i#ication o# the %ocument 8&(%# #ile9 as a *hole& 66. A # au%ulently c eate% %ocument o#ten times contains matchin$ in#o mation on some level *hen com(a e% to some othe %ocument o# eco %, ho*eve , the #act that some in#o mation may match in a #ile %oes not ve i#y the le$itimacy o# the %ocument as a *hole& 67. In this case the &(%# ima$e ( esente% 'y the >hite House to the (u'lic, is in the a((ea ance o# *hat the unsus(ectin$ (u'lic *oul% (e ceive% to 'e a t ue co(y o# an o##icial %ocument an% the e#o e acce(te% on #ace value& This also inclu%es the #a' ication an% a((ea ance o# $ een secu ity (a(e 'ac)$ oun%

that one *oul% e5(ect to 'e use% on such an o##icial %ocument& The c eation an% use o# this 'ac)$ oun% *oul% solely 'e use% to $ive the (e ce(tion o# authenticity in an o##icial ca(acity& 68. Fu the , Ha*aii has not ac)no*le%$e% that they eve c eate% o elease% an

elect onic com(ute c eate% &(%# #ile containin$ an ima$e o# the Ia ac) Hussein O'ama II Ha*aii Ce ti#icate o# Live Ii th to the >hite House o to the atto ney #o Ia ac) Hussein O'ama II& They also %i% not ve i#y ho* an% *hen in#o mation may have 'een a%%e% o %elete% #o the o i$inal #ile an% #o *hat (u (ose& 69. The .DF #ile (oste% on the >hite House *e'site sho*s no evi%ence o# a scan o# a (hotoco(ie% %ocument eve ta)in$ (lace, 'ut %is(lays all the evi%ence o# a manu#actu e% #ile& An elect onic ima$e o# the (hotoco(ie% %ocument as it *oul% have 'een i# the o i$inal %ocument ha% 'een $enuine *oul% not have (ossesse% the i e$ula ities in the >hite House &(%# #ile that, in ou #o ensic e5(e ts/ o(inion, %emonst ate that the ima$e *as (iece% to$ethe elect onically # om multi(le sou ces& 70. One o# ou most se ious conce ns is that the >hite House %ocument a((ea s to have 'een #a' icate% (iecemeal on a com(ute , const ucte% 'y % a*in$ to$ethe %i$itize% %ata # om seve al un)no*n sou ces& Isolation O# The :e$ist a /s ,i$natu e An% Date ,tam(s 71. The e$ist a /s si$natu e stam( an% the %ate stam( a%Cacent to it each a((ea in%e(en%ently on se(a ate laye s o# the elect onic ima$e& Fu the mo e, these %istinct laye s contain no othe %ata o# any )in%& Ou e5(e ts have consi%e e% the (ossi'ility that the in) use% #o these t*o stam(s mi$ht have 'een o# a

su##iciently %istinct colo to 'e %istin$uishe% # om all othe colo s on an o i$inal (a(e %ocument an% thus isolate%& Ho*eve , *e have conclu%e% that no scan o# an o i$inal %ocument coul% ( o%uce such se(a ation o# in%ivi%ually %istinct items into %istinct laye s *ith no othe %ata on them& 72. The e$ist a /s stam( a((ea s to have 'een im(o te% # om anothe un)no*n sou ce %ocument& 73. Investi$ato s intently #ocuse% on the #act that the stam( cannot have 'een (lace% on the %ocument (u suant to state an% #e%e al la*s as one o# many in%ications that the %ocument is a #o $e y an%, the e#o e, that it cannot 'e elie% u(on as ve i#ication, le$al o othe *ise, o# the %ate, (lace o ci cumstances o# M & O'ama/s 'i th& 74. The %ate stam( ne5t to the e$ist a /s si$natu e stam( e5hi'ite% a simila $ ave anomaly, allo*in$ it to 'e move% a'out elect onically *ithin the %ocument J *hich *oul% have 'een im(ossi'le i# the %ocument *e e the scanne% an% ce ti#ie% co(y that o##icial statements ( o#ess it to 'e& 75. >e *e e (a ticula ly %istu 'e% to #in% that the e$ist a /s %ate an% si$natu e stam(s coul% 'e (ic)e% u( an% move% a oun% the %ocument at *ill, leavin$ 'ehin% a %istinct *hite halo im( ession o# the t*o stam(s& 76. On ou test %ocument, *ith a sin$le laye an% a sin$le lin), any mani(ulation o# this )in% *as im(ossi'le& 77. A close e5amination o# the ,tate e$ist a /s stam( on the elect onic ima$e o# M & O'ama/s 'i th ce ti#icate sho*s the e a e t*o %i##e ent e$ist a stam(s evi%ent on the elect onic ima$e0 8!9 the %ate stam(, in%icatin$ A( il 13, 12!!, an% 819 the te5t an% si$natu e stam( containin$ D & Alvin Ona)a/s si$natu e&

78. Ioth e$ist a stam(s $ive the a((ea ance o# 'een a((lie% 'y a u''e stam(

in)e% # om a (a%&

79. The e$ist a /s %ate stam( 8le#t9 an% si$natu e stam( 8 i$ht9 80. Ho*eve , ou e5(e ts %ete mine% that the e$ist a /s stam(s a e e5te nal

o'Cects that *e e im(o te% into the %ocument& The stam(s *e e not im( essions co(ie% *hole, 'ut *e e c eate% uni4uely #o the O'ama %ocument 'y a cut=an%=(aste ( ocess&

81.

82. The *hite a ea a oun% the %ate stam( in%icates the ima$e is not a scan o# a

(a(e %ocument 'ut a com(ute =$ene ate% #ile #a' icate% elect onically&

83. That the e$ist a /s si$natu e an% %ate stam(s *e e 'oth c eate% 'y lin)s to

e5te nal o'Cects im(o te% into the O'ama 'i th ce ti#icate is also con#i me%
84. Dot only *as the e$ist a %ate stam( im(o te% # om an e5te nal lin), it *as

'y tu nin$ on @Lin)sB in the @>in%o*B menu in A%o'e Illust ato &

scale% an% then otate% cloc)*ise 'y 62 %e$ ees to 'e (lace% in the %ocument0

85. The e$ist a /s %ate=stam( scale% an% otate% to 'e (lace% in the >hite

House ima$e 86. Li)e*ise, the si$natu e stam( *as also an im(o te% o'Cect scale% an% then otate% 62 %e$ ees cloc)*ise to 'e (lace% in the %ocument0

87. The :e$ist a /s si$natu e=stam( an% %ate=stam( *e e com(ute =$ene ate%

ima$es that *e e im(o te% into the %ocument& They *e e not elect onic ima$es o# actual u''e =stam( im( ints in)e% 'y han% o machine on to a (a(e %ocument& This can only 'e accom(lishe% 'y human lo$ic an% inte vention& >hite Halo E##ect 88. Fu the mo e, the >hite House ima$e %is(lays a *hite @halo e##ectB a oun% the lette s, such that the te5tu e o# the (a(e cannot 'e seen un%e neath the in), an% the ima$e noise is inconsistent th ou$hout the %ocument& 89. As seen 'elo*, movin$ the t*o stam(s leaves the *hite halo visi'le, in%icatin$ *he e the t*o e5te nal lin)s ha% initially 'een (aste% into the %ocument&

90. :e$ist a /s %ate an% si$natu e stam(s se(a ately otate% an% e(ositione% on

the >hite House ima$e& 91. The #act that the &(%# #ile contains evi%ence o# the im(o tation o# the O##icial Ha*aii :e$ist a s ,tam( an% Date stam( an% the #act that the ,tam(s can 'e (ic)e% u( an% move% a'out the %ocument leavin$ a *hite 'ac)$ oun% o# its im(o te% (lace% location shoul% 'e evi%ence enou$h o# tam(e in$ ' in$in$ the authenticity o# the %ocument com(letely into 4uestion& This #act alone ( ovi%es su##icient evi%ence #o any cou t ce ti#ie% %ocument e5amine to conclu%e an% testi#y the enti e %ocument is #atally #la*e% an% is voi% o# any le$al autho ity& 92. F au%ulent Ii th ce ti#icates c eate% in >ashin$ DC&

93. . esi%ent O'ama/s >hite House technolo$y cza Vive) Aun% a, ove sa*

technolo$y ( oCects an% 'u%$ets #o "; D&C& $ove nment a$encies as hea% o# the Dist ict/s O##ice o# the Chie# Technolo$y O##ice & Kusu# Aca , then actin$ hea% secu ity o##ice #o the D&C& O##ice o# the Chie# Technolo$y O##ice *as a este% an% ultimately sentence% to 1? months in ( ison in connection *ith a ' i'e y scam 'y #e%e al autho ities in 1226& 94. Assistant U&,& Atto ney Thomas Hi'a $e tol% a #e%e al Cu%$e that Aca , *as a #li$ht is) 'ecause a$ents seize% L?2,222 in cash in his house an% 'ecause in eco %e% conve sations, he 'oaste% that he coul% easily #lee to his native Tu )ey& Aca also tol% an in#o mant that he coul% use com(ute s to c eate #a)e D&C& 'i th ce ti#icates, Hi'a $e sai%& 95. Ins(ecto <ene al :e(o t 96. In ,e(tem'e 1222, the O##ice o# the Ins(ecto <ene al o# the U&,& De(a tment o# Health an% Human ,e vices (u'lishe% a e(o t on 'i th=ce ti#icate # au%, sho*in$ that 'i th ce ti#icates *e e *i%ely use% to o'tain citizenshi( # au%ulently& It #oun% that #e* $ove nment o##icials *e e t aine% in %etectin$ # au%ulent 'i th ce ti#icates& Ket the e is no #e%e al la* s(eci#yin$ uni#o m #o m o content #o 'i th ce ti#icates& The e(o t cite%0 97. @Le$itimate 'i th ce ti#icates ( ovi%e vital in#o mation a'out the (e son *hose name a((ea s on the ce ti#icate& >hile o i$inally inten%e% #o the sole (u (ose o# 'i th e$ist ation, 'i th ce ti#icates a e no* use% e5tensively #o em(loyment (u (oses an% to o'tain 'ene#its o othe %ocuments use% #o i%enti#ication&

98. @The O##ice o# Ins(ecto <ene al has con%ucte% th ee ins(ections #ocuse%

s(eci#ically on 'i th ce ti#icate # au% that i%enti#ie% a num'e o# vulne a'ilities in 'i th ce ti#icate ( ocesses& Iecause so many Fe%e al an% ,tate a$encies ely on 'i th ce ti#icates to assist them in %ete minin$ eli$i'ility #o se vices an% 'ene#its, it is im(o tant that these a$encies have cu ent in#o mation on the natu e an% e5tent o# 'i th ce ti#icate # au% to assist them in the ( o(e assi$nment an% ( otection o# 'ene#its&B 99. @A ce ti#ie% co(y o# a 'i th ce ti#icate is ( oo# only that a 'i th occu e% an% *as eco %e%& Fo that (u (ose, it may 'e %esi a'le that the (u'lic 'e allo*e% easy access to them& Ho*eve , the a$encies an% o $anizations that use 'i th ce ti#icates as ( oo# o# i%enti#ication #o em(loyment (u (oses, to o'tain 'ene#its o othe %ocuments 8e&$&, % ive /s licenses, ,ocial ,ecu ity ca %s, an% (ass(o ts9, an% to assist them in %ete minin$ eli$i'ility #o (u'lic assistance an% othe 'ene#its, may have conce ns *ith ho* easily ce ti#ie% co(ies o# 'i th ce ti#icates can 'e o'taine%& These con#lictin$ (e s(ectives a e at the ve y hea t o# the 'i th ce ti#icate cont ove syB& Ii th Ce ti#icates continue to 'e Use% as @I ee%e DocumentsB an% a e Easy to O'tain
100.

Vi tually all Fe%e al an% ,tate a$encies a$ ee that # au%ulent 'i th

ce ti#icates a e use% as @' ee%e %ocumentsB to o'tain the $enuine %ocuments nee%e% to c eate ne* i%entities, an% that # au%ulent 'i th ce ti#icates a e easy to o'tain& Facto s *hich cont i'ute to thei use as @' ee%e %ocumentsB inclu%e the #ollo*in$

101.

Ii th Ce ti#icate F au% is Ha % to Detect @Many alte e% o counte #eit 'i th ce ti#icates an% $enuine 'i th ce ti#icates hel% 'y im(oste s may $o un%etecte%& The easons *hy these # au%ulent 'i th ce ti#icates a e ha % to %etect inclu%e the #ollo*in$0 ove !7,222 %i##e ent ve sions o# 'i th ce ti#icates a e in ci culationF nea ly 7 million Unite% ,tates 'i ths *e e e$iste e% in !666F secu ity #eatu es containe% in the (a(e use% to issue 'i th ce ti#icates, as *ell as #o mats an% si$natu es, va y amon$ ,tate

vital eco %s o##ices an% the many local entities issuin$ themF technolo$ical a%vances in the Inte net, scanne s, colo ( inte s, an% co(ie s ma)e it easie to o'tain $enuine 'i th ce ti#icates an% c eate

counte #eit onesF 'et*een "3 an% 62 (e cent o# the 'i th ce ti#icate # au% encounte e% 'y the Immi$ ation an% Datu alization ,e vices an% .ass(o t ,e vices sta## is the esult o# $enuine 'i th ce ti#icates hel% 'y im(oste s == the most %i##icult # au% to %etectF an% Fe%e al an% ,tate a$ency sta## e(o t eceivin$ only limite% t ainin$ #ocuse% on

the %etection o# # au%ulent 'i th ce ti#icates&B ,tate . actices C eate O((o tunities #o F au% 102. @It *as the consensus o# those *e inte vie*e% that a num'e o# ,tate ( actices c eate o((o tunities #o # au%& Those ( actices inclu%e the #ollo*in$0 %elaye%, amen%e%, an% mi%*i#e 'i th e$ist ations that a e 'ase% on a##i%avits o# (e sonal )no*le%$e, inclu%e no %ocumenta y evi%ence, an% a e not o#ten ma )e% o ove lai% acco %in$lyF

%elays in matchin$ %eath an% 'i th eco %s can ma)e the i%entities o# many %ecease% (e sons easy to assume 'et*een the time the

(e son %ies an% the time the %eath an% 'i th eco %s a e matche%F 4uestiona'le (hysical secu ity situations that c eate o((o tunities #o # au%F an% limite% ove si$ht o# local issuin$ entities 'y ,tate vital

eco %s o##icesB& Ii th Ce ti#icates Alone Do Dot . ovi%e Conclusive o :elia'le . oo# o# I%entity
103.

@Many a$encies an% o $anizations e4uest that in%ivi%uals ( ovi%e

thei 'i th ce ti#icates to eceive a 'ene#it o se vice, o to su((o t the issuance o# othe %ocuments o#ten use% #o i%entity (u (oses 8e&$&, % ive /s license9& 104. Ho*eve , a$encies *ho ely on 'i th ce ti#icates as a means o# esta'lishin$ i%entity must un%e stan% the limitations o# acce(tin$ a 'i th ce ti#icate as ( oo# o# a$e, citizenshi(, o i%entity& Fo e5am(le, $enuine %ocuments o'taine% *ith counte #eit 'i th ce ti#icates can 'e use% to o'tain $enuine 'i th ce ti#icates& Thus, it is inhe ently illo$ical to e4ui e someone to ( ove thei i%entity usin$ (otentially # au%ulent i%entity %ocuments s(a*ne% 'y #alse 'i th ce ti#icates in o %e to o'tain a 'i th ce ti#icate&M <ove no A'e c om'ie o# Ha*aii 105. M & A'e c om'ie has (u'licly state% that he *as ( esent *hen M & O'ama *as 'o n& The e is no evi%ence to su((o t this claim& Do %octo o nu se o (e sons *ho atten%e% M & O'ama/s 'i th has come #o *a % to say so&

Do one has eve come #o *a % to say he o she ecalls havin$ seen eithe M & O'ama o his (a ents to$ethe at any social event *hen he *as an in#ant& 106. It is not su ( isin$F the e#o e, that <ove no A'e c om'ie late ecante% that statement that he ha% seen M & O'ama/s (a ents *ith thei ne*= 'o n so& He ac)no*le%$e% that he ha% not seen them at any hos(ital, althou$h he sai% he emem'e e% havin$ seen M & O'ama as a chil% *ith his (a ents at
107.

social events& Once M & A'e c om'ie ha% 'ecome <ove no , he tol% the Honolulu ,ta A%ve tise on -anua y 12, 12!!, that he *as sea chin$ *ithin the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health to #in% %e#initive vital eco %s that *oul% ( ove M & O'ama *as 'o n in Ha*aii, 'ecause he #ea e% the continuin$ eli$i'ility

cont ove sy mi$ht hu t the . esi%ent/s chances o# e=election in 12!1& 108. M & A'e c om'ie, *ho is a mem'e o# M & O'ama/s (olitical (a ty, sai% that the 'i th ce ti#icate issue *oul% othe *ise have @(olitical im(licationsB #o the ( esi%ential election @that *e sim(ly cannot have&B 109. M & A'e c om'ie %i% not su'se4uently e(o t that eithe he o the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health ha% #oun% M & O'ama/s lon$=#o m, hos(ital= $ene ate% 'i th ce ti#icate& The $ove no only su$$este% his investi$ation to %ate ha% i%enti#ie% an uns(eci#ie% listin$ o notation o# M & O'ama/s 'i th that someone ha% ma%e in the state a chives0 @It *as actually * itten, I am tol%, this is *hat ou investi$ation is sho*in$, it actually e5ists in the a chives,
110.

* itten %o*n&B This 'ein$ the case, this %ocument as e(o te% *oul% clea ly 'e out o# the chain o# custo%y o# the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health& Hence, the

authenticity o# that * itten eco % an% the inte$ ity o# that eco % cannot 'e ve i#ie% o su##iciently secu e% to ( event tam(e in$& 111. To %ate, the (u (o te% un%isclose% 'i th eco % in the state a chives that <ove no A'e c om'ie has claime% to have %iscove e% an% has %esc i'e% as 'ein$ @actually * ittenB has neve 'een ma%e (u'lic& Do Mention Has Ieen Ma%e O# It ,ince 112. F om <ove no A'e c om'ie/s a%mission, it is le$itimate to in#e that this eco %, i# it in%ee% e5ists, *as not in the (ossession o# the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health, *hich may have ha% no eco % o# the in=count y 'i th o# M & O'ama eithe in ha % co(y #o m, such as a lon$ #o m 'i th ce ti#icate, ( ese ve% in a vault& I# such a %ocument ha% e5iste%, M & A'e c om'ie *oul% have ha% it *ithin minutes o# his e4uest0 #o he ha% the i$ht, as the senio o##icial o# the Ha*aii a%minist ation, to e5amine it i# he *ishe% to %o so& 113. <ove no A'e c om'ie/s ( e%ecesso , Lin%a Lin$le, *ho *as in o##ice until -anua y 12!2, sai% she ha% as)e% the then Di ecto o# Health, D & Chiyome Fu)ino, to con#i m the e5istence o# the o i$inal (a(e lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate an% to issue a statement con#i min$ that she an% D & Alvin Ona)a, the e$ist a o# 'i ths, ha% locate% an% ve i#ie% the e5istence o# the
114.

%ocument Ho*eve , <ove no A'e c om'ie, even a#te launchin$ an e5haustive investi$ation, #aile% to ( o%uce the %ocumenta y evi%ence o# M & O'ama/s Ha*aiian 'i th that he ha% sai% he *oul% ( o%uce&

115.

On the 4uestion o# the lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate, D & Chiyome Fu)ino,

#o me ly Di ecto o# Health #o Ha*aii has ma%e seve al statements o# inte est0 116. In Octo'e , 122", she sai% Ha*aiian la* #o 'a%e the issuance o# ce ti#ie% co(ies o# o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icates to (e sons *ith no tan$i'le inte est in the eco %, 'ut a%%e% that she an% D & Alvin Ona)a, the :e$ist a o# Vital ,tatistics, ha% (e sonally seen an% ve i#ie% the o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate @in acco %ance *ith state (olicies an% ( oce%u esB& 117. To this %ay, D & Fu)ino is the only (e son *ho has sai% (u'licly that she has (e sonally ins(ecte% M & O'ama/s actual 'i th ce ti#icate in a 'oun% 'oo) in a vault at the De(a tment o# Health& 118. D & Fu)ino/s statement con#i ms <ove no Lin$le/s o*n statement that she %i% not (e sonally ve i#y the e5istence o# the o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate, 'ut elie% solely on the e( esentations o# D & Fu)ino, *hose statement also im(lies that a 'i th eco % o# some )in% e5ists an% that she ins(ecte% it, thou$h she ( ovi%e% neithe a %esc i(tion o# the %ocument no any ve i#ia'le in#o mation sai% to have 'een containe% the ein& 119. D & Fu)ino says she *as accom(anie% 'y D & Alvin Ona)a, *ith *hom she vie*e% the %ocument& >e note% that D & Ona)a has neve (u'licly con#i me% that he ha% accom(anie% D & Fu)ino o that he ha% ve i#ie% the e5istence o# the %ocument& D & Ona)a has emaine% sus(iciously silent on the matte to %ate&

120.

Un%e these ci cumstances, D & Fu)ino/s statement to the e##ect o# a

ve i#ication o# an authentic @Lon$ Fo m Ii th Ce ti#icateB has little evi%ential value&

121.

D & Fu)ino also $ave an inte vie* to CDD on A( il 1;, 12!!, in *hich

she state% that she sim(ly *ent into the vault an% ins(ecte% M & O'ama/s o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate& Iy in#e ence, then, it shoul% have 'een no mo e
122.

%i##icult #o <ove no A'e c om'ie to locate it as *ell& In -uly, 1226, D & Fu)ino sai% she ha% seen @the o i$inal vital eco %s maintaine% on #ile 'y the Ha*aii ,tate De(a tment o# Health ve i#yin$ Ia ac) Hussein O'ama *as 'o n in Ha*aii an% is a natu al='o n Ame ican&B A$ain

this statement has no evi%ential value& 123. As e(o te% 'y Fo5 De*s, D & Fu)ino sai% that %u in$ he time as Di ecto o# Health #o Ha*aii D & Alvin Ona)a, ,tate :e$ist a o# Ha*aii, ha% move% M & O'amaEs 'i th ce ti#icate # om a #ile vault, *he e 'oun% 'oo)s containin$ vital eco %s line the shelves in han%* itten, leathe ='oun% le%$e s an% (lace% insi%e the vaultEs 3=#t=tall $ ay metal com'ination an% )ey loc) sa#e that hol%s money an% othe valua'les& I# so, D & Ona)a coul% ve y easily have ale te% <ove no A'e c om'ie to its *he ea'outs& 124. In 122" *hen <ove no Lin$le state%, that in an attem(t to 4uell the issue she ha% the Ii th Ce ti#icate ins(ecte% 'y the state/s Di ecto o# Health, D & Chiyome Fu)ino0 125. M & Ona)a *as the :e$iste at that time& . esuma'ly the %ocument *as in the same 'oun% volume as the othe 766 # om that the yea secu e% in his

vault& The 4uestion 'ecomes *hat ha((ene% to it *hen <ove no A'e c om'ie came loo)in$ #o it in 12!!& 126. D & Fu)ino sai% that M & O'ama/s lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate *as ( ese ve% in a ha %=cove e% 'oun% volume alon$ *ith the othe lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icates o# that (e io%& This eco % J i# it ha% e5iste% J *oul% have 'een easily o'taina'le # om the De(a tment o# Health u(on the <ove no /s
127.

e4uest& D & Fu)ino also sai% that M & O'amaEs o i$inal Ce ti#icate o# Live Ii th

*as 'oun% in a le%$e containin$ 766 othe ce ti#icates o# (eo(le 'o n in Ha*aii in !6;!& The e *e e 322 sheets (e 'oo), an% G3 volumes o# !6;! 'i th eco %s& The last se ies o# %i$its in the e$ist ation num'e #oun% on Ha*aiian lon$ #o m an% cu ent com(ute ize%=#o mat 'i th ce ti#icates in%icates *hich num'e e% volume contains the o i$inal %ocument insi%e the health %e(a tment/s #i st=#loo vault& 128. ,he e5(laine% that each o# the 'oun% volumes #o the !6;2s, inclu%in$ the one containin$ M & O'amaEs 'i th ce ti#icate, ha% ' i$ht o an$e elasticize% canvas cove s *ith the 'i th yea stam(e% clea ly on the s(ine& Di##e ent colo s *e e use% #o %i##e ent %eca%es& 129. The last #e* %i$its in the e$ist ation num'e , *hich a e co elate% *ith the cu ent com(ute ize% %ata'ase o# in#o mation ta)en # om the o i$inal (a(e
130.

eco %s, se ve as a uni4ue i%enti#ie allo*in$ the volume

containin$ the o i$inal ce ti#icate to 'e #oun% imme%iately in the vault& The e#o e, it shoul% not have 'een at all %i##icult #o <ove no A'e c om'ie to locate M & O'amaEs o i$inal lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate 'y

sim(ly as)in$ the De(a tment o# Health to loo) u( the com(ute ize% eco %, chec) the ce ti#icate num'e , an% instantly locate the elevant volume o# (a(e ce ti#icates& His #ailu e to locate the %ocument aises the (ossi'ility that M & O'ama/s 'i th eco % may not have 'een in the elevant o an$e='oun% volume o# 322 se4uentially=num'e e% ce ti#icates, o that, i# it is ( esent, it %i% not sho* him as havin$ 'een 'o n any*he e in Ha*aii& 131. It is also (ossi'le that M & O'amaEs 'i th e$ist ation *as not eco %e%, o that the num'e on that e$ist ation %i% not co elate to his name in the De(a tment o# Health/s com(ute ize% %ata'ase that has 'een in use since 122!&
132.

>e note% that D & Fu)ino ha% chan$e% the *o %in$ # om vie*in$ M &

O'ama/s @o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icateB 8in he #i st statement9 to havin$ @seen the

133.

o i$inal vital eco %sB 8in he secon% statement9& >e late lea ne% that Ha*aiian la* (e mits amen%ment o# a 'i th ce ti#icate an% the c eation o# a %ocument #ile containin$ the seale% eco % o# the o i$inal %ocument an% su((o tin$ %ocumentation that autho ize% a chan$e to the in#o mation containe% in the o i$inal %ocument& >e also lea ne% that an amen%e% ce ti#icate *oul% 'e %istinctly ma )e% ale tin$ to the

#act it *as alte e%& 134. The *o %in$ su$$ests that (e ha(s the e *as a #ile o# some ty(e locate% *ithin the De(a tment o# Health containin$ a%%itional in#o mation e$a %in$ this matte , (e missi'le un%e Ha*aii ,tate ,tatutes& Iut the #ile

may not have containe% an o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate i%entical to the elect onic ima$e on the >hite House *e'site& Ha*aii ,tate . actices Allo* F au%ulent U&,& Citizenshi( 135. Investi$ato s #oun% a hi$h (otential #o # au% in the e$ist ation an% issuance o# Ha*aii 'i th ce ti#ication %ocuments& It *as %iscove e% to 'e evi%ent in0 !9 la5 statuto y e$ulation an% 19 th ou$h o'scu e evi%entia y e4ui ements in esta'lishin$ #actual ve i#ication o# the in#o mation e4ui e% in the e(o tin$ o# le$itimate 'i ths occu in$ *ithin the state o# Ha*aii& 136. In !6"1, Ha*aii evise% a lon$ stan%in$ statute 8N GG"&!?&"9 allo*in$ the issuance o# 'i th ce ti#icates to chil% en 'o n out o# state& Ha*aii %ecla es these #o ei$n 'o n chil% en to 'e Ame ican citizens sim(ly 'y vi tue o# an a((lication 'y any a%ult ma)in$ e( esentations on 'ehal# o# the (a ents, an% sim(ly su((lyin$ %ocumentation su'stantiatin$ the (a ents ha% esi%e% in Ha*aii an% (ai% income ta5 to the state Ha*aii #o one yea ( io to the 'i th o# the chil%& Thus, 'y statuto y ( ovision, Ha*aii has $ ante% u(on itsel# the uni4ue (o*e to con#e citizenshi( to chil% en not 'o n in the Unite% ,tates, an% to chil% en not 'o n to Unite% ,tates citizen (a ents, 'ut to chil% en actually 'o n on #o ei$n soil& ONGG"=!?&"P Ce ti#icates #o Chil% en Io n Out o# ,tate& (a) U(on a((lication o# an a%ult o the le$al (a ents o# a mino chil%, the Di ecto o# Health shall issue a 'i th ce ti#icate #o such a%ult o mino , ( ovi%e% that ( oo# has 'een su'mitte% to the Di ecto o# Health that the le$al (a ents o# such in%ivi%ual *hile livin$ *ithout the Te ito y o ,tate o# Ha*aii ha% %ecla e% the Te ito y o ,tate o# Ha*aii as thei le$al esi%ence #o at least one yea imme%iately ( ece%in$ the 'i th o a%o(tion o# such chil%&

(b) . oo# o# le$al esi%ency shall 'e su'mitte% to the Di ecto o#

Health in any manne that the Di ecto shall %eem a(( o( iate& The Di ecto o# Health may also a%o(t any ules (u suant to Cha(te 6! that he o she may %eem necessa y o ( o(e to ( event # au%ulent a((lications #o 'i th ce ti#icates an% to e4ui e any #u the in#o mation o ( oo# o# events necessa y #o com(letion o# a 'i th ce ti#icate&
137.

The #ee #o each a((lication #o

e$ist ation shall 'e esta'lishe% 'y ule

138.

a%o(te% (u suant to Cha(te 6!& OL !6"1, c !"1, N!P These im(lications o# this la* is evi%ence% 'y the %iscove y o#

co es(on%ence 'et*een the De(a tment o# Health Di ecto <eo $e Kuen, in su((o t o# the measu e, an% ,tate :e( esentative He 'e t A &,e$a*a& The Ma ch !st !6"1 %ocument clea ly sho*s the e##ect this ( o(ose% Iill H&I& G2!;="1 *oul% it have 'ecome la*& The %ocument eco$nize% the #act that the %e(a tment *oul% have to issue 'i th ce ti#icates to chil% en *o l%*i%e i# the chil%/s (a ents coul% ( ove they *e e in #act le$al esi%ents o# the Te ito y o ,tate o# Ha*aii& Le$al esi%ents as cate$o ize% 'y Ha*aii ta5 co%e, not Untie% ,tates citizens&

139.

The e is nothin$ in Ha*aii :evise% ,tatute N GG"&!?&" to e4ui e that

this 'i th ce ti#icate 'e ma )e% as the chil% 'ein$ 'o n out o# state, no that *as the chil% 'o n *ithin the Unite% ,tates o its te ito ies& The e is no e4ui ement in this statute that at least one (a ent ( ovi%e ( oo# o# Unite% ,tates citizenshi(& 140. This section only e4ui es a %ecla ation 8an% ( oo# *hich is not %e#ine% an% is 'ase% u(on e4ui ements %eeme% a(( o( iate 'y the Di ecto 9 that the (a ents *e e esi%ents o# Ha*aii& It %oes not e4ui e that the (a ents *e e citizens o# the Unite% ,tates& 141. Iy statuto y ( ovision Ha*aii has $ ante% u(on itsel# the uni4ue (o*e to con#e citizenshi( to chil% en not 'o n in the Unite% ,tates, an% to chil% en not 'o n to Unite% ,tates citizen (a ents, 'ut to chil% en actually 'o n on #o ei$n soil& Conceiva'ly, the (a ents an% chil% may neve have set #oot on Unite% ,tates soil& Ha*aii %ecla es these #o ei$n 'o n chil% en Ame ican citizens sim(ly 'y vi tue o# an a((lication o# any a%ult, ma)in$ e( esentations on 'ehal# o# the (a ents an% sim(ly su((lyin$ %ocumentation su'stantiatin$ the (a ents ha% esi%e% in Ha*aii an% (ai% income ta5 to the
142.

state Ha*aii, #o one yea ( io to the 'i th o# the chil%& The autho ity to natu alize (e sons as citizens o# the U, is con#e e%

u(on the Atto ney <ene al only, not the ,tate o# Ha*aii& 143. It *oul% a((ea that Ha*aii :evise% ,tatute N GG"&!?&" is in %i ect con#lict *ith the Immi$ ation an% Dationality Act, in that Unite% ,tates

citizenshi( may'e 'e con#e e% to an in%ivi%ual *ho is not entitle% to such citizenshi(& 144. ,ee I&D&A& NN G2!, et se4&, *hich com( ehensively e$ulates ho* a chil% 'o n out o# the Unite% ,tates ac4ui es U&,& Citizenshi(& Even this *oul% e4ui e at least on (a ent 'e a Unite% ,tates citizen at the time o# the 'i th& 145. This com( ehensive e$ulation *oul% clea ly 'e meant to e5clu%e any e$ulation in the a ea 'y the ,tates& Arizona v. United States, !!=!"1 8-une, 12!19& 146. Com(ulso y e$ist ation o# 'i ths, autho ize% 'y Ha*aii :evise% La* N3?=" e4ui es all 'i ths o# 'e e$iste e%& It also (e mits the e$ist ation #o an unatten%e% 'i th to 'e acce(te% on the e( esentation o# only one o# the (a ents& Do othe *itnesses a e necessa y #o a claime% unatten%e% 'i th& Conceiva'ly, a (a ent coul% have $iven 'i th outsi%e o# the U&,&, an% claime% that it *as an unatten%e% 'i th 8no *itnesses9 in Honolulu& 147. Local e$ist a to ( e(a e 'i th ce ti#icate, autho ize% 'y Ha*aii :evise% La* N3?=" is ' istlin$ *ith the # au%ulent (otential 'y com(ellin$ the local e$ist a to ( e(a e a 'i th ce ti#icate #o an alle$e% unatten%e% 'i th 'ase% solely unco o'o ate% testimony # om anyone claimin$ to have ha%
148.

)no*le%$e o# the 'i th ta)in$ (lace& Un%e this statute, a 'i th coul% e5ist outsi%e o# the U&,&, an% any (e son coul% e( esent #alse in#o mation to the local e$ist a & The e$ist a

is com(elle% to #ile the ce ti#icate& 149. A%%itionally, the e is no e4ui ement #o a (a ent o

elative, ( ovi%in$

i%enti#ication to 'e ( esent at time o# e$ist ation& Any (e son, a elative,

# ien% o st an$e may e$ist a the 'i th o# a chil% *hile 'oth the mothe an% 'a'y *e e outsi%e o# the count y& 150. The e is no ve i#ication ( ocess an% no *ay to 'e ce tain o# the actual i%enti#y o# the (a ents& H&:&, NGG"=;, Cu ent La* as o# Octo'e 13, 1226 151. Delaye% o alte e% ce ti#icates, autho ize% 'y Ha*aii :evise% La* N3?= !"& Utilizin$ this ,tatute, a (e son may a((ly #o a %elaye% o amen%e% ce ti#icate havin$ one yea to %o so # om time o# 'i th& The e is no ve i#ication to %ete mine *hy the e$ist ation is late& The ,tatute also allo*s any (e son @'o nB in the Te ito y o# Ha*aii to #ile o amen% a ce ti#icate& 152. This *oul% inclu%e that any a%ult coul% claim thei 'i th *as neve e(o te% a %eca%e late , #ile #o a 'i th ce ti#icate& The vali%ity o# the th ee ty(es o# 'i th #ilin$s *e e so 4uestiona'le that even Ha*aii *oul% not acce(t
153.

them as @. ima Facia Evi%enceB& This ,tatute *oul% e4ui e the 'i th ce ti#icate 'e (lainly ma )e%, @Delaye%B, o @Alte e%B an% the ( o'ative value *oul% %ete mine 'y the o##icial to *hom the ce ti#icate *as 'ein$ o##e e%& >e 'elieve it is sa#e to conclu%e that even the ,tate o# Ha*aii %i% not have con#i%ence in the e( esentations

on this %ocument& 154. Investi$ato s have a%vise% ,he i## A (aio that seve al (ossi'le c imes may have 'een committe%0 155. Fi st, the # au%ulent c eation o# an o##icial %ocument 156. ,econ%, the >hite House cha acte izin$ a #o $e y as an o##icially=
157.

( o%uce% $ove nmental 'i th eco %F an% Thi %, M & O'ama e( esente% to the esi%ents o# Ma ico(a County an% the Ame ican (u'lic that a #o $e y *as @( oo# (ositiveB o# his authentic !6;!

Ha*aiian lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate, the e'y %eceivin$ vote s an% state election commissions ac oss the count y into 'elievin$ he *as eli$i'le to 'ecome . esi%ent, have his name a((ea on . esi%ential 'allots, the e'y $a ne in$ votes # om the (u'lic un%e #alse ( etenses& 158. Acco %in$ly, ,he i## A (aio continues to ecommen% that the Con$ ess o# the Unite% ,tates o(en an imme%iate investi$ation, inclu%in$ the a((ointment o# a select committee, as e$a %s to the authenticity o# M & O'ama/s %ocumentation, *hethe any c imes have 'een committe%, an% to %ete mine M & O'ama/s eli$i'ility #o the o##ice o# . esi%ent o# the Unites ,tates& M & O'ama/s ,elective ,e vice :e$ist ation Ca % 159. Investi$ato s also e5amine% M & O'ama/s ,elective ,e vice e$ist ation ca % 'ea in$ M & O'ama/s si$natu e, *hich %is(lays a .ost O##ice Date stam(, @-uly 16, "2,B in the lo*e i$ht co ne & Fo com(a ison (u (oses, investi$ato s

evie*e% a num'e o# authentic ,elective ,e vice e$ist ation ca %s o# othe in%ivi%uals, o'taine% via F ee%om o# In#o mation Act e4uests& 160. All the authentic e$ist ation ca %s the investi$ato s ins(ecte% %is(laye% a .ost O##ice stam( in%icatin$ the calen%a yea %ate stam( *ith #ou %i$its, #o e5am(le @!6"2B& This *as in sha ( cont ast to M & O'ama/s ca % *hich %is(laye% a t*o %i$it %ate stam( o# @"2B #o the yea & 161. Investi$ato s inte vie*e% seve al .ost O##ice em(loyees *ho ve i#ie% that it *as stan%a % ( oce%u e to utilize only a #ou %i$it %ate stam(& Investi$ato s lea ne% that the %ate stam( that *oul% have 'een utilize% in

!6"2 *as i%enti#ie% as a .ica .ost O##ice stam( set that coul% only 'e o'taine% th ou$h (ostal su((ly houses& 162. Investi$ato s locate% that (a ticula stam( set 'ut *e e unsuccess#ul in
163.

locatin$ a #ou %i$it !6"2 %ate stam( inse t& Doticin$ i e$ula ities in the %ate stam(, namely the %ate @"2B on M & O'amaEs e$ist ation ca %, it is o##set lo* an% to i$ht *hen com(a e% to the #ull #ou %i$it @!6"2B %ate stam(s on othe ca %s& Investi$ato s 'elieve% that this anomaly *as c eate% 'y the seve in$ o# an intact #ou yea @122"B %ate

stam( an% inve tin$ the emainin$ @2"B inve tin$ it to cause it to %is(lay @"2B& 164. Investi$ato s conclu%e% that this e( esentation o# @"2B that a((ea s on M & O'amaEs selective se vice ca % is in #act an alte e% 122" (ica %ate stam(& 165. Investi$ato s o'taine% a 122" .ica .ost O##ice %ate stam( an% seve e% it in 'et*een the t*o ze os& Then 'y inve tin$ investi$ato s *e e a'le to e(licate an i%entical loo)in$ stam( to that one #oun% on M & O'ama selective se vice ca %& Investi$ato s conclu%e% that the e is a hi$h ( o'a'ility that M & O'ama/s selective se vice ca % *as ecently c eate% as an attem(t to cove u( the #act that M & O'ama #aile% to e$iste #o ,elective ,e vice as e4ui e% 'y la* in !6"2& Missin$ Immi$ ation :eco %s #o Au$ust !=?, !6;! 166. The e has 'een immense s(eculation that M & O'ama may actually have 'een 'o n in Aenya& These s(eculations *e e #uelle% not only 'y the e#usal o# M & O'ama to ( o%uce a vali% Ha*aiian 'i th ce ti#icate, 'ut 'y eco$nition o# the Aenya $ove nment claimin$ Aenya as 'ein$ M & O'ama/s 'i th (lace&

The e *e e nume ous e(o ts that ,tanley Ann Dunham ha% e(o te%ly le#t Ha*aii to t avel to Aenya in the summe o# !6;! to $ive 'i th& 167. In an attem(t to ve i#y *hethe M & O'ama an% his mothe ,tanley Ann Dunham ha% (ossi'ly a ive% in the Unite% ,tates at o a oun% the alle$e% %ate o# his 'i th, *e contacte% the Dational A chives to o'tain mic o#ilms o# the immi$ ation lan%in$ eco %s 8I=67 %ocument9 #o the calen%a yea !6;!& 168. Investi$ato s #ocuse% on mic o#ilm eco %s o# ID, (assen$e ca %s #o #o ei$n #li$hts a ivin$ in Honolulu %u in$ the time (e io% o# -uly !6;! th ou$h ,e(tem'e !6;!& 169. >e %iscove e% that %ata eco %s #o the enti e *ee) o# Au$ust 1, !6;! th ou$h Au$ust ?, !6;!, *e e com(letely missin$ # om the mic o#ilm oll& This inclu%e% the alle$e% %ate o# M & O'ama/s 'i th 8Au$ust 7, !6;!9& ,elective ,e vice :e$ist ation Ca % Analysis
170.

Investi$ato s also e5amine% M & O'ama/s ,elective ,e vice e$ist ation

ca % 'ea in$ M & O'ama/s si$natu e& They conclu%e% that the e is a hi$h ( o'a'ility that M & O'ama/s selective se vice ca % *as ecently c eate% as an attem(t to cove u( the #act that M & O'ama #aile% to e$iste #o ,elective ,e vice as e4ui e% 'y la* in !6"2& 171. !6;! Au$ust 7, ?017 (m = Ia ac) Hussein O'ama II *as alle$e%ly 'o n in Aa(iolani Hos(ital, Honolulu, HI, acco %in$ to the ima$e o# his lon$=#o m 'i th ce ti#icate that is (oste% on the >hite House *e'site& Ii th ce ti#icate num'e ;!=!2;7!&

172.

Ho*eve , this has 'een $ eatly %e'ate% %ue in (a t to initial e(o ts

that M & O'ama *as e(o ts to have 'een 'o n in Queens Me%ical Cente , in Honolulu Ha*aii& In4ui ies *e e ma%e at Queens Me%ical Cente an% autho ities the e %isclose% that they ha% no eco % o# that event& ,u'se4uently, a chan$e *as ma%e in the na ative alle$in$ the 'i th (lace to no* 'e Aa(iolani Hos(ital& >hile this may 'e an ove si$ht othe %isc e(ancy su #ace% a oun% the in#o mation visi'le on the &(%# #ile ima$e elease% 'y the >hite House& 173. The se ial num'e sho*n on the ima$e o# the ce ti#icate, *hich (u (o ts on its #ace to have 'een im(ose% on the #o m *ith an automate% se4uential num'e in$ stam(, is ;!=!2;7!& Investi$ato s lea ne% at that time, 'atches o# 'i th ce ti#icates *e e collecte% monthly, o %e e% 'y %ate an% time o# 'i th, an% then se4uentially num'e =stam(e% in a s(ecial oom 'y a sin$le cle ) t aine% #o the (u (ose, to minimize num'e in$ e o s& 174. The lon$=#o m o i$inal ce ti#icates *e e ins(ecte% t*ice #o accu acy 'y t*o %i##e ent cle )s an% then si$ne% 'y the e$ist a & They *e e )e(t to$ethe secu e% in a ce tain oom until they *e e all num'e e% at the en% o# the month& They *e e not allo*e% to 'ecome out o# o %e an% they *e e not num'e e% inco ectly& 8It shoul% 'e note% that the Do %y)e t*ins *e e 'o n minutes a(a t an% thei es(ective ce ti#icate num'e in$ *as 'ase% not only

'y %ate 'ut 'y time as *ell& This in%icates the cle ) sc utinize% the %ocuments ( io to (lacin$ them in ch onolo$ical o %e #o ( o(e num'e in$&9

175.

Vital statistics *ill sho* that ,usan Do %y)e *as 'o n at Aa(iolani

Hos(ital at 10!1 (&m& Ha*aii time on Au$& 3, !6;!, an% *as $iven Do& !3!=;!= !2;G?, *hich *as also #ile% *ith the Ha*aii e$ist a Au$& !!, !6;!& 176. < etchen Do %y)e, t*in to ,usan Do %y)e, *as 'o n at Aa(iolani Hos(ital at 10!? (&m& Ha*aii time on Au$& 3, !6;!, an% *as $iven Do& !3!=;!= !2;G", *hich *as also #ile% *ith the Ha*aii e$ist a Au$& !!, !6;!& 177. Ia ac) Hussein O'ama II (u (o te%ly 'o n at Aa(iolani Hos(ital at ?017 (&m& Ha*aii, Au$& 7, !6;!, an% *as $iven Do& !3!=;!=!2;7!, *hich *as #ile% *ith the Ha*aii e$ist a Au$& ", !6;!& 178. Vi $inia ,unaha a *as 'o n at >ahia*a Hos(ital at 60!; (&m& Ha*aii time on Au$& 7, !6;!, an% *as $iven Do& !;!=!6;!=2!!2"2, *hich *as #ile% *ith the Ha*aii e$ist a Au$& !2, !6;!& Dame o# chil% Date an% time 'o n Ia ac) O'ama Au$ 7 at ?017 (m Vi $inia ,unaha Au$ 7 at 60!; (m ,usan Do %y)e Au$ 3 at 10!1 (m < etchen Do %y)e Au$ 3 at 10!? (m
179.

:e$iste e% Ce ti#icate R Au$ " !2;7! Au$ !2 !!2"2 Au$ !! !2;G? Au$ !! !2;G"

!6;! Au$ust 7, 60!; (m = Vi $inia ,unaha a *as 'o n in Ha*aii,

acco %in$ to he cu ent 'i th eco %& The se ial num'e cu ently sho*n on Vi $inia ,unaha a sho t #o m Ce ti#icate o# Live Ii th as that o# he 'i th eco % is ;!=!!2"2& This e$ist ation num'e is 7G6 num'e s a#te Ia ac) Hussein O'ama II& 180. ,ome !?,3?" 'i ths occu e% in Ha*aii in !6;! J an ave a$e o# a'out t*o 'i ths (e hou & Vi $inia ,unaha a *as 'o n less than t*o hou s a#te Ia ac) Hussein O'ama II state% time o# 'i th, so that the num'e that ou$ht

to have a((ea e% on he o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate shoul% have 'een not mo e than a %ozen eithe si%e o# Ia ac) Hussein O'ama II ;!=!2;7!& 181. Vi $inia ,unaha a e$ist ation num'e is ine5(lica'ly out o# se4uence
182.

'y 7G6 num'e s& !6;! Au$ust 3 = Death o# Vi $inia ,unaha a a#te ' eathin$

com(lications at " .M 183. M & O'ama/s 'i th ce ti#icate *as e$iste e% Au$ust ", !6;!& The Do %y)e t*ins/ 'i th ce ti#icate *as e$iste e% Au$ust !!, !6;!& Even i# the se4uential num'e in$ ha% #ollo*e% the %ate o# e$ist ation athe than the %ate o# 'i th, M & O'ama/s ce ti#icate shoul% have 'een automatically assi$ne% a num'e lo*e , not hi$he , than the num'e s allocate% to the ce ti#icates o# the Do %y)e t*ins& An% the num'e cu ently assi$ne% to Ms& ,unaha a is enti ely out o# se4uence

Ha*aii De*s(a(e Ii th Announcements 184. Investi$ato s con%ucte% an e5haustive sea ch o# all 'i th eco %s announce% in the Honolulu A%ve tise an% the ,ta Iulletin #o the month o# Au$ust !6;!& 185. The #ollo*in$ conclusions *e e eache%0 The e *as no a((a ent consistency in the o %e o %ay *ith *hich each ne*s(a(e e(o te% 'i th announcements, such that one o the othe

o# the t*o ne*s(a(e s *oul% o#ten lea% o la$ the othe in the e(o tin$ o# any (a ticula 'i th& ,ome 'i ths *e e announce% in one ne*s(a(e an% not in anothe & ,ome 'i ths *e e not announce% at all& Ii ths to un*e% mothe s *e e omitte% # om e(o tin$ in eithe ne*s(a(e , even thou$h Ha*aii vital statistics e(o t the e *e e ove
186.

!,222 'i ths to un*e% mothe s in !6;!& A com(a ison o# the O'ama 'i th announcement in the t*o

ne*s(a(e s clea ly %emonst ates the announcements a e i%entical in eve y %etail, inclu%in$ the o %e o# othe 'i th announcements ( ece%in$ an% #ollo*in$ the O'ama 'i th announcement&

187.

>e #oun% the se4uence o# e(o te% 'i ths a oun% the e(o tin$ o# the e(o tin$ in

O'ama 'i th *as actually an anomaly #o Ha*aiian ne*s(a(e

Au$ust !6;! 'ecause the se4uence o# 'i ths 'e#o e an% a#te O'ama/s *as one o# the #e* 'i th se4uences in the enti e month that *e e i%entical in

eve y %etail, inclu%in$ the o %e o# othe 'i th announcements ( ece%in$ an% #ollo*in$ the O'ama 'i th announcement& 188. >e conclu%e% that 'i th lists *e e in #act elease% 'y the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health, not in#o mation voluntee e% to the ne*s(a(e # om (a ents o elatives, *as the li)ely sou ce o# in#o mation #o the ne*s(a(e

'i th announcement listin$, in that0 Deithe ne*s(a(e ha% an e%ito that han%le% 'i th announcementsF Ioth ne*s(a(e s me ely ( inte% 'i th announcements, %i ectly as eceive%, # om in#o mation (u'lishe% in De(a tment o# Ha*aii vital statistics announcementsF Ha*aiian hos(itals %i% not e(o t to ne*s(a(e s any 'i th announcement in#o mationF Deithe ne*s(a(e in%e(en%ently chec)e% the t uth#ulness o accu acy o# 'i th announcement in#o mation (u'lishe% 'y the
189.

ne*s(a(e s # om Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health vital statistics eco %s& ,ea chin$ ove a seve al yea (e io%, va ious esea che s have #oun% e(eate% listin$s o# 'i ths to -a(anese (a ents as 'ein$ e(o te% in the

ne*s(a(e s as Ha*aiian 'i ths, even thou$h the chil% en *e e #oun% to 'e 'o n in -a(an& These #in%in$s ten% to ein#o ce *hat *e lea ne% on ou visits to Ha*aii0 that it *as then the *i%ely= eco$nize% ( actice in Ha*aii, late e$ula ize% 'y statute, to ce ti#y #o ei$n 'i ths to Ha*aiian (a ents as Ha*aiian 'i ths& 190. In !6;!, the Ha*aii De(a tment o# Health a((ea s to have use% local a ea o##ices outsi%e Honolulu as e(o tin$ cente s *he e (a ents an% othe #amily mem'e s coul% e( esent chil% en 'o n to the #amily as Ha*aiian

'i ths, *ithout su'mittin$ any ( oo# the chil% *as actually 'o n in Ha*aii& This ( actice *as also statuto ily (e mitte%& 191. It is (lausi'le that an o i$inal 'i th eco % o# some ty(e #o M & O'ama may e5ist in Ha*aii& Ho*eve , as note% else*he e, ou investi$ation has %iscove e% that at that time Ha*aiian la* containe% a s(eci#ic ( ovision that (e mitte% a Ha*aiian (a ent o# a chil% 'o n any*he e in the *o l% o any a%ult (u (o tin$ to e( esent that (a ent, the i$ht to e$iste the chil% as Ha*aiian='o n& 192. It is #o this eason that t*o ent ies in the @Ii thsB column o# the local ne*s(a(e s at the time %o not constitute evi%ence that M & O'ama *as 'o n in Ha*aii& They a e me ely evi%ence su$$estin$ that a 'i th ce ti#icate o# some ty(e *as issue% #o him in Ha*aii, an% they tell us nothin$ a'out *hethe o not he *as 'o n the e& In (a ticula they %o not J as the >hite House %ocument (u (o ts to %o J i%enti#y the hos(ital o# 'i th& Ha*aii la* (e mits va ious #o ms o# e$ist ation an% su((lementation at late %ates, *ith %i##e ent in#o mation& The me e issuance o# a 'i th eco % %oes not con#i m the 'i th too) (lace *ithin the state o# Ha*aii o in the Unite% ,tates& 193. I# M & O'ama ha% not in #act 'een 'o n in Ha*aii, the lon$=#o m o i$inal 'i th ce ti#icate *oul% not have state% that he ha% 'een 'o n in a (a ticula hos(ital at a (a ticula time, an% *oul% not have 'o ne the si$natu es o# the atten%in$ (hysician& The ne*s(a(e ent ies *oul% have 'een i%entical *hethe he ha% 'een 'o n in Ha*aii o else*he e in the *o l%, 'ut the 'i th eco %s *oul% not have 'een i%entical&

194.

The e5istence o# this la* (e mittin$ out=o#=count y 'i ths to 'e e$iste e% as thou$h they *e e Ha*aiian 'i ths is a #u the evi%ence that he

ne*s(a(e announcements o# M & O'amas (u (o te% 'i th in Ha*aii cannot an% shoul% not 'e elie% on as any evi%entia y vali%ation o# the event ta)in$ (lace as %e(icte% 'y the manu#actu e% &(%# #ile ima$e elease% 'y the >hite House& I e$ula ities in the .a ents/ A%% ess 195. I O'ama 8Aenya9 an% ,tanley Ann Dunham, . esi%ent O'ama/s alle$e% (a ents, %i% not live to$ethe as man an% *i#e at ;2"3 Aalanianaole Hi$h*ay in Ha*aii, the 'i th a%% ess sho*n on the >hite House ima$e as *ell as in the t*o 'i th announcements #o Ia ac) O'ama - & (u'lishe% in local ne*s(a(e s at the time& 196. Ioth ne*s(a(e s, the Honolulu A%ve tise an% the ,ta Iulletin, ca ie% the announcement that Ia ac) O'ama - & *as 'o n on Au$& 7, !6;!, to M & an% M s& Ia ac) H& O'ama *ho esi%e% at ;2"3 Aalanianaole Hi$h*ay& 197. Ma%elyn Dunham an% he %au$hte ,tanley Ann live% at ;2"3 Aalanianaole Hi$h*ay& The e is no evi%ence that I O'ama , & live% the e& 198. ,tanley Ann Dunham an% Ia ac) H& O'ama , & live% at t*o %i##e ent a%% esses a#te thei ma ia$e& ,tanley Ann Dunham emaine% in the ente% ;2"3 Aalanianaole Hi$h*ay a#te he ma ia$e& 199. I O'ama , , live% alone at an !!th Avenue a%% ess, close to the unive sity *he e he *as a stu%ent& It is e(o te% that ,tanley Ann Dunham le#t Ha*aii in Au$ust !6;!, the month o# Ia ac) O'ama - &/s 'i th, ta)in$ him

*ith he 'ut leavin$ he hus'an% 'ehin% *hen she move% to ,eattle to en oll at the Unive sity o# >ashin$ton& 200. >hethe I O'ama , & %i% not esta'lish a esi%ence *ith his *i#e an% son in Ha*aii is un)no*n, the e is no listin$ in the .ol) %i ecto ies #o !6;! = !6;1 that %ocuments ,tanley Ann Dunham an% I O'ama 8Aenya9 as eve havin$ live% at the same a%% ess& 201. A sea ch o# the .ol)/s Di ecto y o# Honolulu #o !6;!=;1 in%icates that ;2"3 Aalanianaole Hi$h*ay *as 'ein$ ente% 'y the $ an%(a ents, Ma%elyn L& Dunham, liste% as a loan inte vie*e an% esc o* a$ent at the Ian) o# Ha*aii, an% ,tanley A& Dunham, liste% as a mana$e *ith . att Fu nitu e&

202.

In a se(a ate listin$, Ann ,& O'ama, M & O'ama/s mothe , is i%enti#ie% as

a stu%ent livin$ at the ;2"3 Aalanianaole Hi$h*ay a%% essF Ia ac) H& O'ama, he hus'an%, is liste% as a stu%ent livin$ at a se(a ate a%% ess, his o*n a(a tment at ;13 !!th Avenue, close to the Unive sity o# Ha*aii at Manoa0

203. 204.

.ol)/s Di ecto y o# City an% County o# Honolulu, Ha*aii !6;!=!6;1 :esea che s *e e una'le to %ete mine that I O'ama 8Aenya9 an%

,tanley Ann Dunham O'ama eve live% to$ethe at any common a%% ess in Ha*aii 205. Much o# M & O'amas ea ly li#e emains a myste y an% is only eveale% to the (u'lic th ou$h an unsu((o te% com(osite na ative& Instances e5ist *he e the na ative o# 'i th o othe e(o te% li#e time events have 'een

calle% into 4uestion an% then the na ative is alte e% in an e##o t to clea s u( %isc e(ancy, 'ut a'sent o# any %ocumentation su((o tin$ the chan$e in 4uestiona'le #acts& 206. A tho ou$h 'ac)$ oun% investi$ation su((o te% 'y the elease o# li#e time %ocumentation *oul% 'e necessa y to st en$then the 'i th na ative shoul% it e5ist as %e(icte% to the (u'lic& 207. Ho*eve , investi$ato s have 'een ham(e e% 'y the e#usal o# M & O'ama to elease any o# his (ast eco %s shoul% they e5ist& 208. :eco % not elease% inclu%in$ the #ollo*0 A. O i$inal, lon$=#o m !6;! Ha*aiian 'i th ce ti#icate& B. Ma ia$e license 'et*een O'ama/s #athe 8Ia a) , &9 an% mothe 8,tanley Ann Dunham9 C. Dame chan$e 8Ia y ,ote o to Ia ac) Hussein O'ama9 D. O'ama/s a%o(tion eco %s E. :eco %s o# O'ama/s an% his mothe /s e(at iation as U,
F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. . !.

citizens on etu n # om etu n # om In%onesia O'ama/s 'a(tism eco %s Doelani Elementa y ,chool 8Ha*aii9 .unahou ,chool #inancial ai% o school eco %s Occi%ental Colle$e #inancial ai% eco %s Ha va % La* ,chool eco %s Colum'ia senio thesis Colum'ia Colle$e eco %s O'ama/s eco % *ith Illinois ,tate Ia Association O'ama/s #iles # om ca ee as an Illinois ,tate ,enato O'ama/s la* client list O'ama/s me%ical eco %s O'ama/s (ass(o t eco %s

,*o n to un%e (enalty o# (e Cu y&

Date

Michael Zullo