A species of marine arthropod lives in seawater that contains calcium in a concentration of 32 mmole/kg of water.

Thirteen of the animals are collected and the calcium concentrations in their coelomic fluid are found to be 28, 27, 2 , 2 , 3!, 3!, 3", 3!, 33, 27, 3!, 32 and 3" mmole/kg. Test at #$ level of significance appropriate h%pothesis to conclude whether members of this species maintain a coelomic calcium concentration less than that of their environment.

A stud% was conducted to e&amine the beliefs held b% adolescents regarding smoking and weight. 'moking (es *nderweight +verweight Appropriate "7 2# )o 7 ",2 8"-

.o the data provide sufficient evidence to suggest that weight perception and smoking status are related in adolescents/ 0 !.!# 12iven that 2 2 1!.!#3 0#.
2 1!.!#3 0 "2.# 23 ", 6

4n a stud% of 5argan s%ndrome, the following severit% scores of patients with none and marked dural ectasia were reported )o dural ectasia 6 "8, "8, 2!, 2", 23, 23, 2,, 2-, 28 "7, 2,, 2-, 3!, 3!, 33, 3,, 3# 5arked dural ectasia 6

7an we conclude at #$ level of significance, that the mean severit% scores differ between the two populations represented in the stud%/ 12iven t"#1!.!2#3 0 2."3, t"-1!.!2#3 0 2."2, 8!.!2# 0 ". -3

Two pain9relieving drugs were compared for effectiveness on the basis of length of time elapsing between administration of the drug and cessation of pain. Thirteen patients received drug " and "3 received drug 2. The sample variances were -, and "respectivel%. Test the null h%pothesis that the two population variances are e:ual. ;et 0!.!#

4ndependent simple random samples from two strains of mice used in an e&periment %ielded the following measurements on plasma glucose levels following a traumatic e&perience 'train A6 'train <6 #,, , "!#, ,-, 7!, 87, ##, #8, "3 , " 3, ", 3, "#!, 8!, "!,, "28, 83, 88, #, ,, 7

.o these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the mean is larger in the population of 'train A mice than in the population of 'train < mice/ ;et 0 !.!#. =hat assumptions are necessar%/

4n a 2reenhouse e&periment on wheat, four fertili>er treatments of the soil. The table gives the %ield in some suitable unit. Anal%>e the data to check for the homogeneit% of fertili>ers. ?ertili>ers " 2 3 , " 2"., ",.2 "3.# "3.8 2 2!. "3.7 ",.! ",." 3 " ."3.3 "2. ",.2 , "7."2.! "3.7 "2.!

@ach of a sample of 2#! men drawn from a population of suspected Aoint disease victim was asked which of three s%mptoms bother him most. The same :uestion was asked of a sample of 3!! suspected women Aoint disease victims. The results are as follows6

5ost <othersome '%mptom 5orning 'tiffness )octurnal Bain Coint 'welling T+TA; 8!

5en """ # "2# 2#!

=omen "!2 73

3!!

.o these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the two populations are not homogeneous with respect to maAor s%mptoms/

4n an epidemic of certain disease 2 children contracted the disease. +f these, ," received no treatment and of these "! showed after9effects. +f the remainder who did receive treatments, "7 showed after9effects. Test the h%pothesis that treatment was not effective.

The following data are weights of food 1in kilograms3 consumed per da% b% adult deer collected at different times of the %ear. Test the null h%pothesis that food consumption is the same for all the months tested. *se 0 !.!# ?eb. 5a% Aug. )ov. ,.7 ,.,.8 ,. ,. ,., ,.7 #.2 #.! ,.3 ,.#., ,.8 ,., ,., #." ,.7 ,." ,.7 #.,.2 ,.8

The following are the figures 1in thousands3 of 3 salesmen in , metropolitans for a newl% launched 7hocolate. Test whether the three salesmen are e:uall% competent. Also test whether the four metropolitans are homogenous in terms of consumption patterns.

5etropolitan .elhi 5umbai 'alesman Eafee> "" # 5anoA 8 "2 Dunal , 12iven that the 'um of s:uares due to 'alesman 5etropolitan 0 2. "7 and Total 'um of ':uares 0 7!. Dolkatta 7hennai "! "! # 8 "! 0 2.--7, 'um of s:uares due to "73

4n an opinion poll, the respondents are asked to vote either in favor or against a proposition. The following data are obtained on the basis of a random sample of 2!! voters. 4t is intended to e&amine possible association between age and voting pattern. 4n favor 8! ,! 2! Against 2! 3! "!

(oung 5iddle9aged +ld

'i& Aunior managers of a compan% participated at a management development program 15.B3. Their score, with reference to a particular kind of selling skill, before and after the 5.B are as follows6 '.)o of participant " 2 3 , # 'core before 5.B ,! #2 -# ,3 #3! 'core after 5.B ,# -! -2 #! ## ,# At #$ level of significance, would %ou conclude that the 5.B was effective in enhancing the average selling skill of the participants.

The following table shows the distribution of ",! car drivers according to their ages and the number of accidents made b% them in one %ear. Age in %ears )o. ofAccidents 2"93! 3!9,! ,!9#! #!9-! T+TA; ! 2# 3! 2! "# ! " ", 8 , 32 2 8 # , " "8 Total ,7 ,3 3! 2! ",! Test whether age and the number of accidents made in the %ear are independent.

A certain compan% manufacturing house hold articles appointed , salesmen '" ,'2 , '3 and ', and their monthl% sales 1lakhs of Eupees3 is as follows. S" 22 28 2# 3! 2 S2 S3 S,

2- ,- 23 32 38 2! 3- 3! 2# 38 22, 22

A manufacturing compan% produces screws of a particular si>e which are put into bo&es of "#!. +n particular da% a random sample of such bo&es is taken from each of the morning and afternoon production runs. The numbers of defective screws in each sampled bo& are given in the following table. )umber of defectives per bo& 5orning 28 "7 "8 "- 2! "2 "" "! "8 "7 2! 2# Afternoon " "# 22 2" ", "7 "3 22 test if there is significant difference between the mean numbers of defectives produced in the morning and afternoon

+n another da% screws are put into bo&es of "!!. The table below gives the number of defectives in twent% bo&es sampled from this da%Fs production run. # "# "3 "2 8 7 ", "" "! - 8 ", "3 "2 "" # "3 "2 7arr% out a test to establish whether there is a significant difference between the proportion of defectives produced on the two da%s.

A 5unicipal 7orporation asks a random sample if 8!! people whether the% are for or against a ban on smoking in public places. @ach person was classified b% smoking habit and educational level. The results of this sample surve% are detailed in the following table. ?or ban Against ban illiterate literate illiterate literate 'mokers "77 83 "23 -7 )on9smokers 73 "37 77 -3 4nvestigate whether or not there is an association between smoking habit and opinion on the ban on smoking among ". literates 2. illiterates 3. all people. 7omment on %our results.

The following figures gives the prices 1Es3 of a certain commodit% in a sample of "! shops each selected at random from 7it% A and 7it% <. 7it% A6 7.," 7.77 7.,, 7.,! 7.38 7. 3 7.#8 8.28 7.23 7.#2 7it% <6 7.!8 7., 7.,2 7.!, -. 7.22 7.-8 7.7, 7.28 7.,3 ?ormall% test for the e:ualit% of variances of the prices between the two cities at #$ level. Assuming e:ualit% of variances construct #$ 7onfidence interval for the presumed common standard deviation of the prices. Test at the #$ level that the mean price of the commodit% in cit% A is greater than Es. 7.,!.