2012 Product Catalog

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a mark of Schlumberger. Other company, products and
service names are the properties of their respective owners.
Table of Contents
Technological Expertise 1 17
Innovative Smith Bits technology for every stage of drilling
Fixed Cutter Bits 19 33
A wide range of PDC and diamond-impregnated bits
Roller Cone Bits 35 50
A comprehensive selection for various applications
Percussion Hammers and Bits 53 56
Impax hammer products designed for oilfeld applications
Borehole Enlargement 59 71
An extensive catalog of robust and reliable tools
Reference Guide 73 93
1
Technological Expertise
2
Engineering and Modeling
- IDEAS* Integrated Drillbit Design Platform
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis
- i-DRILL* Engineered Drilling System Design
- Advanced Services Engineering (ASE)
- DBOS* Drillbit Optimization System
- YieldPoint RT* Drilling-Hydraulics and Hole-Cleaning Simulation Program
- DRS* Drilling Record System
PDC Technology
- ONYX II* Premium PDC Cutters
Roller Cone Technology
- Hydraulics
- Inserts
Diamond-Impregnation Technology
- Grit Hot-Pressed Inserts (GHIs)
Technological Expertise
Innovative Smith Bits technology provides analyses, optimization, and support for every stage of
the drilling program, from planning to execution
3
The IDEAS* platform uses advanced simula-
tion and modeling to design and certify every
new Smith Bits drill bit. It has fve basic ele-
ments that enable it to optimize bit perfor-
mance.
Comprehensive drilling system
analysis
The design process takes into account the
effects of the lithology at the rock-cutter
interface, the drillstring, the drive system,
individual BHA components, and the total
system on bit behavior in a dynamic drilling
environment. It also takes into account the
specifc operating parameters and the inter-
action between individual elements of the
drilling assembly.
Engineering and Modeling
IDEAS Integrated Drillbit Design Platform
Delivering application-specifc drill bits with higher performance and greater reliability
Holistic design process
Smith Bits design engineers account for
every critical variable. Virtually every cone
or cutter position is selected to create a
stable bit that rotates around its center, a
key requirement for effcient drilling.
Application-specifc enhance-
ments
Continuous improvement results in bits for a
specifc application that consistently out-
perform previous designs when measured
against the same parameters, for example,
ROP, durability, and specifc bit behavior
with a rotary steerable system. Drill bits that
are certifed by the IDEAS platform are
dynamically stable within the operating
envelope for which they are designed,
leading to longer bit runs and less stress on
the BHA.
Each certifed bit undergoes rigorous
design evaluation and testing to produce a
detailed application analysis of how it will
perform for a specifc drilling program.
Rapid solutions with reliable
results
By using sophisticated modeling tools and
by accounting for a multitude of dynamic
variables in a virtual environment, the
IDEAS platform moves bits through the
design process much quicker, while
ensuring better reliability and performance
than ever before. The traditional trial-and-
error approach is replaced by laboratory
tests and simulations to quantify variables
such as cutter forces and rock removal
rates.
Integration of advanced materials
Stronger and more durable advanced
cutter materials are used more effectively
by working in conjunction with IDEAS
design and simulation capabilities. The
resulting bit has abrasion- and impact-
resistant cutters, and an optimal design for
high performance.
IDEAS platform eliminates the costly and time-
consuming trial-and-error methods of the tradi-
tional drillbit design process, enabling Smith Bits to
deliver a better solution faster.
Define
Performance
Objectives
IDEAS Simulation

Design

Test

Analyze
Build Bit
Test Bit
Certify Bit
Integrate
new bit into
product line
The IDEAS Platform
www.slb.com/IDEAS
4
Extensive analyses of drill bits designed for
directional applications using the IDEAS*
integrated drillbit design platform shows that
a single design can provide exceptional
performance with a variety of directional
drilling systems, if it is dynamically stable.
Often, the range of special features incorpo-
rated into conventional directional bits
merely allows an intrinsically unstable bit
design to drill acceptably for a specifc appli-
cation. If the bit is subsequently used with a
slightly different BHA or in a different appli-
cation, it becomes unstable and a new or
signifcantly modifed bit is required.
Bits for directional drilling that have IDEAS
certifcation remain stable and provide supe-
rior performance with different types of
steering systems in a wide range of applica-
tions. Changing the system confguration or
operating parameters does not diminish the
performance of the bit. Drilling with a stable
bit reduces costs and equipment failures in
addition to providing a smooth, high-quality
wellbore.
Engineering and Modeling
IDEAS Certifcation for Directional Applications
Improving performance, reduces risk, and keeps directional wells and drilling budgets on target
www.slb.com/IDEAS
5
Effcient hydraulics for improved performance and lower drilling costs
Smith Bits design engineers use CFD to
model the interaction of drilling fuids with
the bit and the wellbore. Complex algorithms
enable the simulation of a wide variety of
downhole conditions, allowing engineers to
evaluate various blade and nozzle confgura-
tions in order to optimize fow patterns for
cuttings removal. Ensuring the cutting struc-
ture is always drilling virgin formation
improves bit performance. Extensive use is
made of this sophisticated technique to
maximize the available hydraulic energy,
providing bits that will drill at the lowest
possible cost per foot.
Using CFD to visualize flow patterns enables designers to analyze the effects of design modifications on bit
performance and choose the optimum solution.
Engineering and Modeling
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis
6
i-DRILL* engineered drilling system design
uses predictive modeling to identify solu-
tions that minimize vibrations and stick/slip
during drilling operations, and optimize BHA
performance for a given environment.
Specially trained engineers simulate the
behavior of the bit, as well as each compo-
nent of the BHA and the drillstring. They
evaluate a range of options to reduce
harmful vibrations, thus increasing equip-
ment life, minimizing failures, increasing
ROP, improving hole condition and direc-
tional control, and decreasing overall drilling
cost. Various combinations of drillbit options,
drilling assembly components, drillstring
designs, surface parameters, component
placement, and overbalance pressures can
be examined for the specifc lithology.
Advanced graphics capabilities illustrate the
results with clarity.
Reliable simulation of downhole
behavior eliminates trial-and-error
Employing the IDEAS* integrated drillbit
design platform, i-DRILL drilling system
design quantifes the vibrations and ROP for
a given drilling system as a function of time.
This is accomplished by combining a bit
rock cutting model based on extensive labo-
ratory testing with a fnite element analysis
of the bit and drillstring.
Analyzing the dynamics of the drilling
assembly through multiple formations of
variable compressive strength, dip angle,
homogeneity, and anisotropy is feasible, a
critical factor in obtaining optimal perfor-
mance through formation transitions. Virtual
testing of new technology and unconven-
tional approaches eliminates the risk and
expense of trial-and-error on the rig.
Integration of data from diverse
sources improves accuracy
Using offset well data, surface and down-
hole measurements, and a thorough knowl-
edge of products and applications, the
Engineering and Modeling
i-DRILL Engineered Drilling System Design
www.slb.com/idrill
i-DRILL design process creates a virtual
drilling environment. Detailed geometric
input parameters and rock mechanics data
are also taken into account. Simulating the
drilling operation enables evaluation of the
root causes of ineffcient and damaging BHA
behavior.
i-DRILL design capabilities
Identify the true technical limit of perfor-
mance without risking lost rig time associ-
ated with exceeding the limit or ineffcien-
cies resulting from operating too far below
the limit.
Eliminate unnecessary trips to change
BHAs when trying to identify the optimum
drilling system .
Predict the performance of new drillbit
designs.
Predict the dynamic behavior of direc-
tional BHAs in space and time.
Identify weak areas in the drillstring and
BHA to help prevent the loss of tools
downhole.
Minimize harmful lateral, torsional, and
axial vibrations; and stick/slip, through the
selection of dynamically stable drilling
assemblies.
Balance drillbit and underreamer cutting
structure loading to maximize dual-diam-
eter BHA stability.
Develop improved drilling program sched-
ules with reduced risk of unplanned
delays.
i-DRILL analyses
The following analyses are available:
drilling system check to evaluate dynamic
behavior; identify issues with vibration,
bending moments, and torque; and select
the optimal system
bit analysis to identify the design that will
yield the highest ROP under stable condi-
tions
bit durability and ROP through different
formations.
bit-underreamer balance to determine the
combination that will result in the highest
ROP under stable conditions
BHA comparison to investigate directional
behavior while minimizing vibrations
range of weight on bit (WOB) and drillbit
revolutions per minute (rpm) for maximum
ROP under stable conditions
postwell follow-up to determine usage and
effectiveness of prewell i-DRILL design
recommendations
Maximize performance with a dynamically stable drilling assembly.
7
The ASE team has an established track
record of lowering drilling costs through
improved performance, by recommending
the ideal bit for the applicationa vital
aspect of a comprehensive well plan. Bit
recommendations and operational advice
are based upon the technologies and oper-
ating parameters best suited for a particular
application.
Expert drillbit selection
The ASE group provides an experienced bit
application specialist for the clients drilling
team, to deliver engineered bit recommen-
dations and advice to both the operator and
the
service providers on the day-to-day require-
ments for maaintaining superior bit perfor-
mance. ASE engineers consider the entire
drilling environment, including the formation,
the components of the BHA, drilling fuids,
rig capabilities, rig crew, and any special
drilling objectives in their search for the
optimum bit and subsequent maintenance of
its effciency throughout its life.
The engineer uses several proprietary tools,
such as the
DRS* drilling record system, which
includes detailed bit runs from oil, gas,
and geothermal wells around the world
DBOS* drillbit optimization system, which
helps determine the appropriate combina-
tion of cutting structure, gauge protection,
hydraulic confguration, and other bit opti-
mizing features
YieldPoint RT* drilling-hydraulics and
hole-cleaning simulation program for jet
nozzle optimization.
Optimized drilling plan
The DBOS program uses knowledge gained
from an analysis of offset wells from the DRS
system and a spectrum of other relevant
information. It provides a thorough recon-
struction of expected lithologies (gleaned
from well logs from the closest offset wells),
Engineering and Modeling
Advanced Services Engineering (ASE)
In-house bit recommendations and operational advice
www.slb.com/ase
a formation analysis, rock strength analysis,
and both roller cone and fxed cutter bit
selections.
The YieldPoint RT program creates a graph-
ical user interface to aid drilling engineers in
specifying mud types and properties that
satisfy rheological models of drillstrings and
well annuli. The software can answer ques-
tions about hole cleaning, with data from the
formations to be encountered. Using a
cuttings transport model, the program can
help assess potential hole-cleaning diffcul-
ties during the well planning stage, thus
minimizing problems during actual drilling
operations.
Operational needs and the well plan are also
taken into consideration, including casing
points and hole sizes, well directional plot,
and expected formation tops. The result is
an optimized minimum cost per foot
program, often with multiple options and
alternatives.
Continuous evaluation while
drilling
To establish measurable goals, the ASE engi-
neer prepares a comprehensive plan. During
drilling, performance is evaluated continu-
ously against this plan. Upon completion of
the well, a postwell analysis measures the
success of the plan and provides a perma-
nent formal reference for future wells.
The appropriate rig and offce personnel are
briefed on the drilling program and monitor
the well prognosis during implementation of
the well plan. Unexpected performance or
events that arise are identifed and investi-
gated, and decisions are made to correct the
issues, subject to the objective of main-
taining peak drilling effciency and safety.
8
Post Well Analysis
A thorough performance assessment is conducted upon completion
of the well evaluating every part of the drilling operation. The ASE
engineer, as part of the drilling team, makes recommendations for
improvements related to bit selection and drilling for future well
plans.
The ASE team provides value by recommending the best bit for the
specifc application, which will deliver the most effcient and
economical drilling performance.
Engineering and Modeling
Advanced Services Engineering (ASE)
www.slb.com/ase
9
Engineering and Modeling
DBOS Drillbit Optimization System
To achieve the minimum cost per foot with a higher degree of
certainty and reduced risk, the DBOS* Drillbit Optimization System
identifes the best drill bit for the interval to be drilled. This software
based system uses offset well data to choose a fxed cutter, roller
cone, or turbodrill drill bit that has the appropriate combination of
cutting structure, gauge protection, hydraulic confguration, and
other critical characteristics. Since its inception, the DBOS system
has provided signifcant cost and time savings for operators around
the world, while creating a supporting database of more than 20,000
wells. The system incorporates a thorough analysis of offset well
data including well logs, formation tops, mud logs, core analysis,
rock mechanics, drilling parameters, drillbit records, and dull bit
conditions.
DBOS comprises
a petrophysical log analysis program
proprietary algorithms for rock compressive strengths, drillbit
performance analysis, and drillbit selection
well log correlation and statistic analysis software
a geologic mapping program
The fexibility of the system allows engineers to analyze various
levels of information and deliver a bit strategy based on input from a
single offset well, a multiwell cross section, or a full-feld mapping
and regional trend analyses.
www.slb.com/dbos
DBOS evaluation process
1. Evaluation of expected formation types and their section lengths
from offset logs.
2. Determination of unconfned compressive strength, effective
porosity, abrasion characteristics, and impact potential.
3. Identifcation of one or more potentially optimal bit types and
various applicable features.
4. Prediction of the cost per foot for each bit and confguration.
5. Drillbit selection for planned hole (simulation).
Operator deliverables
Various levels of analysis are offered, and for each level, data is
presented graphically in log plot form, and statistically in the interval
analysis plots. The analysis evaluates key bit performance variables
over the given intervals, identifying which bit will be the most
successful for drilling through specifc single intervals or over
multiple intervals, based on experience data and the knowledge
based heuristics.
Parallel analysis for roller cone bit options, PDC bit applications and
high-speed turbodrilling options are all considered. The fnal
proposed bit program combines this input for optimized Interval cost
per foot.
10
Engineering and Modeling
DBOS Drillbit Optimization System
Input parameters include:
drillbit record information
directional surveys
real-time ROP and mud log data
wireline or LWD formation evaluation data
rock type and strength data
hydraulic and mechanical energy factors.

Neural networks, planned run simulation and real-time
optimization
Neural networks have been used in DBOS for synthetic log genera-
tion since 1997, and serves as the principal modeling for
DBOS OnTime* real- time drilling optimization system. Artifcial
neural networks (ANNs) have proven accuracy generating synthetic
logs (used primarily for sonic log generation) with R^2 (goodness of
ft) values in the high 90 percentiles, compared to traditional offset
www.slb.com/dbos
correlation methods. Neural networks provide system response
characteristics, very valuable in non-linear multi-input solution.
Drillbit performance can be predicted prior to drilling (ROP, Dull) in
run simulation. In pre-drilling simulation, drilling systems can be
tested in advance to fnd the most effcient way to drill.
Real-time applications
Optimized drilling parameters can be assessed and delivered to the
driller and rig foor in realtime, giving predictions ahead of the bit.
The results can be monitored with respect to improved ROP, longer
drillbit life, or reduced downhole shock and vibration. DBOS has
contributed to improvements in bit run performance on the order of
20-40% or better in ROP, longer bit life, reduced incidents of drillbit
related failures.
11
Engineering and Modeling
YieldPoint RT Hydraulics and Hole-Cleaning Simulation Program
Optimized hole-cleaning solutions
The YieldPoint RT* program identifes potential problems with hole
cleaning in the planning stage, rather than during drilling operations
when they can have a signifcant impact on the cost of the well. It
aids drilling engineers in specifying mud type and properties to
satisfy rheological models of drillstrings and well annuli.
This comprehensive program uses sophisticated algorithms to
deliver solutions for conventional jet nozzle optimization and
selection. It creates simulations of mud properties, fow rate, ROP,
and total fow area. The virtual model then demonstrates the effects
on observed bit hydraulic factors and on hole cleaning.
Diverse inputs for real-time assessment
YieldPoint RT program allows data to be input and retrieved via an
Internet connection and the Web-based wellsite information transfer
standard markup language (WITSML), by authorized wellsite
providers and off-location users such as
the well operator
drilling contractors
mud loggers
rig instrumentation and wireline companies
drilling fuid service companies
casing running service providers
directional drillers
drilling and exploration engineers and managers
reservoir engineers
management personnel
seismic survey companies
process optimization consultants
materials suppliers.
Wellsite service providers can contribute expertise to the common
store via the WITSML interface, and then query the data store for
combined information from other wellsite services. This information
can support program analysis, visualization, and potential corrective
actions, decision making in drilling and production operations in real
time. Hydraulics can be optimized to maximize effciency as the well
is being drilled.
Operating company personnel can compile information from any mix
of vendors, view and monitor current wells via Web-based
applications, and extract reports at any time. The result is a real-time
solution that yields substantial cost savings.
www.slb.com/yieldpointRT
12
Engineering and Modeling
DRS Drilling Record System
An extensive library of bit run information
The Smith Bits DRS* drilling record system is
a collection of nearly 3 million bit runs from
virtually every oil and gas feld in the world.
The database was initiated in May 1985 and
since that time, records have been continu-
ously added for oil, gas, and geothermal
wells. With this detailed data and the capa-
bilities of the IDEAS* integrated drillbit
design platform, Smith Bits engineers can
simulate bit performance and make changes
to their bit designs to optimize performance
in a specifc application.
In addition, the system enables the DBOS*
drillbit optimization system to ensure that the
right bit is run in a given formation. With this
plan in place prior to drilling the well,
customers are able to reduce risk, lower
drilling costs, and shorten the total time
required to drill their wells.
The inclusion of bit record data from the
client wells in the DRS system contributes to
better drillbit selection and application for
your drilling program. The system can be
accessed through Smith Bits applications
engineers or sales representatives.
www.slb.com/records
13
PDC Technology
ONYX II Premium PDC Cutters
www.slb.com/onyxII
ONYX II cutters have established a new benchmark for performance in the
toughest drilling applications
New technology increases
performance
When the ONYX* PDC cutter was introduced
its resistance to abrasive wear and thermal
degradation significantly increased PDC bit
performance in hard and abrasive formations.
Pushing the limits of PDC bit performance
still further would mean creating an entirely
new cutter technology. After extensive dull bit
analysis and the introduction of new materials
and manufacturing processes, Smith Bits
launched the ONYX II* premium PDC cutter:
Capable of retaining its sharp edge longer
than previous cutters, the new ONYX II
enables PDCs to drill even more efficiently in
the harshest conditions, which has signifi-
cantly improved overall PDC bit performance
while reducing drilling costs.
Comprehensive laboratory
evaluation
A continued investment in the most advanced
component testing facilities by Schlumberger
has resulted in an improved understanding
of the fundamental cutter/rock interaction.
Using specialized laboratory equipment, our
research and development engineers evalu-
ated the new generation ONYX II cutter to
measure it against the original ONYX shearing
element. In a controlled laboratory compar-
ison, ONYX II cut 20% more footage and
maintained a significantly better dull condi-
tion when compared to the original ONYX
cutter. These results clearly indicate improved
thermal stability enables ONYX II to maintain
its structural integrity and resist diamond
spalling and chipping.
Cutter technology has
evolved over the years
to enhance the perfor-
mance of PDC bits. Wear
characteristics have been
evaluated in controlled
laboratory simulations
on granite, and ONYX
II shows significantly
improved resistance to
abrasion, as measured
against previous gen-
erations of PDC cutters.
(above cutters shown after
standard granite abrasion
test)
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

t
o

A
b
r
a
s
i
o
n
ONYX
2009
ONYX II
2011
Second generation
premium PDC cutters
2006
First generation
premium PDC cutters
2003
Extended granite abrasion test
ONYX ONYX II
14
Roller Cone Technology
Adaptive Hydraulics System
Because of the wide range of drilling appli-
cations for roller cone bits, no single hydrau-
lics confguration is optimal for every situa-
tion. Different applications require each of
the three primary functions of bit hydrau-
licscutting-structure cleaning, bottomhole
cleaning, and cuttings evacuationto
varying degrees. With the Flex-Flo* adaptive
hydraulics system, Smith Bits offers the ideal
confguration for each application
Very soft and/or
sticky formations
that generate very
large volumes of
cuttings with Milled
Tooth bits and very
soft TCI bits.
Zone 1
Low strength
formations that
generate large
cuttings volumes
and drill with soft
TCI bits.
Zone 2
Medium strength
formations that
generate moderate
cuttings volumes
with mediumhard
TCI bits.
Zone 3
High strength
formations that
generate low
cuttings volumes
with hard TCI bits.
Zone 4
Soft/StickyHard/Abrasive
Cutting Structure Cleaning
Bottom-Hole Cleaning
Cuttings Evacuation
Hydraulic Function vs. Formation
H
y
d
r
a
u
l
i
c

F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n

N
e
e
d
V-Flo
V-Flo* vectored-fow
nozzle confguration uses
three directed nozzles to
allocate available
hydraulic energy for
improved penetration
rates through superior
cutting-structure cleaning
and effcient cuttings
evacuation.
X-Flo
The many variations of
X-Flo* crossfow nozzle
confguration allocate
available hydraulic energy
to improve penetration
rates through cone
cleaning and dramatically
increased impingement
pressure, needed for
superior bottomhole
cleaning.
S-Flo
In applications with high
percentages of solids in
the mud and in abrasive
formations, S-Flo* stan-
dard-fow nozzle confgu-
ration uses three identical
nozzles to allocate
hydraulic energy for
increased bit life.
To help select the most suitable bit hydrau-
lics system, typical applications have been
divided into four categories or zones deter-
mined by formation types, ranging from very
soft to very hard. Within each zone, the rela-
tive importance of the three hydraulics
system functions can be seen on the graph.
Bit hydraulics performance can be enhanced
by using this guide to select an appropriate
system, which can then be refned for
specifc applications by consulting a
Smith Bits representative.
15
Roller Cone Technology
Typhoon Hydraulics
Smith Bits engineers use sophisticated
computational fuid dynamics (CFD) analysis
to ensure optimum fow for cuttings removal,
so that the cutting structure is always drilling
virgin formation. Typhoon* hydraulics is a
feature offered for roller cone bits with a
diameter of 16 in and larger, that uses both
vectored extended (VE) nozzles and dome jet
(J3) nozzles.
Shamal* carbonate-optimized TCI drill bits with
Typhoon hydraulics incorporate three vectored
extended (VE) nozzles and three dome jet (J3) inner
nozzles to apply maximum hydraulic energy to the
bottom of the wellbore, enhancing cuttings removal
and increasing ROP.
CFD analysis allows Smith Bits engineers to opti-
mize available hydraulic energy for maximium ROP.
Superior Hole Cleaning for Large OD Boreholes
www.slb.com/shamal
VE nozzles direct the fuid fow with preci-
sion to the leading edge of the cones, while
the J3 nozzles direct fow towards the inter-
mesh area between the cones. The
combined effect of these six, precisely
oriented nozzles is a fow pattern that signif-
cantly improves cone cleaning, optimizes the
displacement of cuttings from the bottom of
the hole up the drillstring, and maximizes
ROP.
16
Insert Options
A large selection of insert geometries and material options, diamond
or tungsten carbide, help to optimize bit characteristics for specifc
applications. A key focus of the Smith Bits R&D program, enhance-
ments to inserts are constantly being incorporated into new and
existing bit designs.
Geometry Choices
Smith Bits pioneered the use of specifc insert shapes in 1995, and
uses proprietary tools to determine the best geometry for a given bit
design. Available options include the following:
Conical and chisel inserts are designed for hard and soft forma-
tions respectively.
The unique geometry of the DogBone* durable and aggressive
drillbit insert is designed for maximum ROP and impact resistance.
The asymmetric conic edge (ACE) insert is a hybrid of the conical
and chisel inserts. It has an offset conical top for increased
strength, and a fatter leading side to enhance scraping. The
design is highly resistant to breakage and impact damage, yet
more aggressive and effective in softer formations than a standard
conical insert.
Incisor* concave drillbit insert combines the benefts of the ACE,
chisel, and DogBone designs. With a sharp offset, C-shaped crest
and larger corner radii, it is designed for soft to medium-hard
formations.
Material Choices
Insert material grades are not specifc to a particular design. Mate-
rials can be optimized for individual applications to maximize perfor-
mance, reliability, and durability.
Smith Bits was the frst company to offer diamond-enhanced inserts
(DEI) in roller cone bits, and remains the performance leader in this
technology, which helps ensure maximum durability in the most chal-
lenging applications. Diamond inserts can be used in the heel row,
the gauge row, and on the bit leg.
Incisor DogBone ACE Relieved Gauge Chisel Conical
Chisel
Coarse Carbide Microstructure
Diamond-Enhanced Insert
Roller Cone Technology
Inserts
17
Diamond-Impregnation
Grit Hot-Pressed Inserts (GHI) Technology
GHIs are individual cylinders of impregnated material used in
Kinetic* diamond-impregnated bits. Each insert is manufactured
using a proprietary granulation process that ensures a much more
uniform distribution of the diamond material than the conventional
pelletization process. The result is a more consistent GHI, which is
signifcantly more durable, maintains its shape, and drills faster for a
longer period of time.
Individual GHIs are similar to small grinding wheels, so the depth of
cut with each rotation of the bit is very small. While drilling, GHIs
continuously sharpen themselves by grinding away the bonding
material to expose new diamonds. Smith Bits GHIs are customized
with different bonding materials and diamonds to match the forma-
tion being drilled and the drive mechanism used. Because the GHIs
are raised and allow a greater fow volume across the bit face, they
enable Kinetic bits to drill faster in a wider range of formations.
Uniform diamond distribution and optimized mate-
rial wear rates.
Smith Bits GHIs are more durable than conven-
tional GHIs, and will drill faster for a longer period
of time.
19
Fixed Cutter Products
20
Directional PDC Drill Bit
Matrix or steel drill bits for improved directional response
SHARC* High-Abrasion-Resistance PDC Drill Bit
Matrix or steel bits for improved durability and wear resistance
Spear* Shale-Optimized Steel-Body PDC Drill Bit
Steel body PDC drill bits for improved performance in shales
Standard PDC Drill Bit
Premium performance with excellent durability
Kinetic Drill Bits
Matrix bits for high rotary speed applications including positive
displacement motors (PDMs) and turbodrilling
Fixed Cutter Bits Product Line
21
IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform
and feld experience have shown that a
single bit design can provide exceptional
performance with a variety of directional
drilling systems, if it is dynamically stable.
The earlier perception was that each type of
rotary steerable system (RSS) or steerable
motor BHA required its own bit design with
highly specialized directional features.
Directional bits with IDEAS certifcation are
stable and produce less torque and stick/slip
in transitional drilling. The risk of time-
consuming and costly trips due to vibration
and shocks is greatly reduced.
IDEAS certifcation for directional bits ensures excellent steering response and improved
performance
M D i 6 1 6
Cutter Size
Blade Count
i - IDEAS Certifed
D - IDEAS Directional Certifed
M/S - Matrix or Steel
Directional
Nomenclature
Type Size Availability, in
SDi613 17 1/2
SDi616 13 1/2
MDi416 6 1/8
MDi513 5 5/8, 6 1/8, 6 1/4, 7 7/8, 8 3/4
MDi516 6 1 /8, 8 1/2
MDi519 8 3/4, 14
MDi613 6 3/4, 8 5/8, 8 1/2, 9 1/2, 9 7/8
MDi616 8 1/2, 14 3/4
MDi619 12 1/4, 14 1/2, 16, 17 1/2
MDi713 5 7/8
MDi716 8 1/2, 12 1/4, 14 3/4
MDi719 8 1/2, 10 5/8, 12 1/4, 14 1/2
MDi813 5 3/4, 8 3/4, 12 1/4, 14 1/2,
14 3/4, 16 1/2
MDi816 8 3/8, 8 1/2, 10 5/8, 12 1/4,
13 3/4, 17 1/2, 18 1/8, 18 1/4
Type Size Availability, in
SD519 16, 17 1/4
MD519 8 1/2, 12 1/4
MD611 5 7/8
MD613 6, 6 1/8
MD616 6, 8 3/8, 9 7/8, 12 1/4, 14 3/4
MD619 8 1/2, 9 1/2, 12 1/4, 17
MD813 8 1/2
MD816 6, 6 1/8, 8 1/2, 9 1/2, 12 1/4,
16 1/2
MD819 12 1/4
MD913 8 1/2, 12 1/4
MD916 8 1/2, 12 1/4
MD919 12 1/4, 13 1/2
Fixed Cutter Bits
Directional PDC Drill Bit
www.slb.com/directional
22
Type Size Availability, in
MDSi613 5 7/8, 6, 6 1/8, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 3/4
MDSi616 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 7/8, 12, 12 1/2, 16, 17 1/2
MDSi716 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 7/8, 12, 12 1/2, 16, 17 1/2
MDSi619 14 3/4, 16
MSi416 6 1/8, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4
MSi513 6 1/8, 6 1/4, 7 7/8
MSi516 6 1/8, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 7/8, 12
MSi519 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 7/8, 12 1/4
SDSi519 12 1/4, 17 1/2
MSi611 6 1/8
MSi613 6, 6 1/8, 6 1/4, 6 1/2, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 12
MSi616 6, 6 1/8, 6 1/2, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 1/4, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 1/2, 9 7/8,
10 5/8, 12 1/4, 14 3/4, 16
MSi711 5 5/8, 5 7/8, 6
MSi716 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 7/8, 12, 12 1/2, 16, 17 1/2
MSi816 7 7/8, 8 3/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 7/8, 12 1/4, 16, 17 1/2
MSi1013 12
Fixed Cutter Bits
SHARC High-Abrasion-Resistance PDC Drill Bit
M D S i 6 1 9
Cutter Size
Blade Count
i - IDEAS Certifed
S - SHARC
D - IDEAS Directional Certifed
M/S - Matrix or Steel
SHARC
Nomenclature
The cutting-structure layout of a SHARC* PDC drill bit features two
rows of cutters set on certain blades. Each row reinforces the other
to provide maximum durability over the critical nose and shoulder
areas of the bit, ensuring that ROP capability is not compromised.
Additionally, the double rows are oriented to ensure that hydraulic
cleaning and cooling effciency are maintained. This feature is
important not only in abrasive interbedded sands, but also in surface
intervals with high ROP or when hydraulic energy is compromised,
for example, on motor runs.
When drilling hard, highly abrasive formations, SHARC PDC bits
maintain maximum ROP over the target interval. Drilling faster and
staying downhole longer, these bits are achieving superior perfor-
mance in challenging applications all over the world.
The key to achieving both bit durability and maximum ROP is main-
taining drillbit stability across a broad range of downhole conditions.
SHARC bits are designed using the IDEAS* integrated drillbit design
platform, specifcally to eliminate vibration, resulting in maximum
stability for superior wear resistance. Their durability eliminates
unnecessary trips, saving time and costs for the operator.
Bit durability and maximum ROP in abrasive formations
www.slb.com/sharc
23
Type Size Availability, in
SDi513 6, 6 1/8, 6 1/4, 6 1/2, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4
SDi611 6 3/4, 8 3/4
SDi613 8 1/2, 8 3/4
SDi711 6 1/8, 6 1/2, 6 3/4
SDi713 6 1/8, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4
Fixed Cutter Bits
Spear Shale-Optimized Steel-Body PDC Drill Bit
Spear PDC drill bits have been specifcally designed to improve the economics of shale plays
Spear* shale-optimized drill bits effciently drill a curve as well as a
long lateral hole section, minimize bit balling and short runs, improve
ROP, and enhance directional control. Conventional PDC bit designs
target either the curve or the lateral section, but not both.
Effcient cuttings removal
Spear drill bits minimize buildup of cuttings in front of the bit and
improve ROP with the following engineered features:
Directional mud fow cleans debris so that a sharp cutter edge
always meets rock, maximizing ROP.
Bullet-shaped body streamlines the bit, making it easier for
cuttings to sweep around the body and into the junk slot.
Reduced body diameter increases the distance between the
borehole and the bit body in the junk slot, improving the ability of
cuttings to pass through the slots. Greater area around the body
allows the bit to pass over or through a cuttings bed, without blade
packing and nozzle plugging.
Greater blade height increases the junk slot area.
S D i 6 1 3
Cutter Size
Blade Count
i - IDEAS Certifed
D - IDEAS Directional Certifed
Spear Shale-Optimized Steel-Body
Spear
Nomenclature
www.slb.com/spear
Spear bits feature a bullet-shaped body profle
that makes it easier for cuttings to sweep around
the body and into the junk slot
24
Fixed Cutter Bits
Standard PDC Matrix and Steel Bits
M i 6 1 6
Cutter Size
Blade Count
i - IDEAS Certifed
M/S - Matrix or Steel
Standard PDC
Nomenclature
Features such as cutter types, cutter layout,
and blade geometry are continuously being
evaluated and improved to deliver value and
drive down drilling costs. Certifcation with
IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform
ensures these bits offer optimum
performance.
The workhorse of the oilfeld,
delivering premium
performance with superior
durability.
8 1/2-in Mi616
Type Size Availability, in
Mi413
Mi416
Mi419
Mi513
Mi516
Mi519
Mi613
Mi616
Mi619
Mi713
Mi716
Mi811
Mi813
Mi816
Mi913
Mi916
Mi919
Mi1016
S416
S422
S516
S519
S522
S613
S616
6 1/2
6 1/8, 6 1/4, 6 3/4, 7 5/8, 7 7/8
6 1/8, 8 1/2, 9 7/8
6 1/4, 6 1/2, 7 7/8, 8 3/4
6 1/2, 8 3/4, 12 1/4
8 3/4, 9 7/8, 12-1/4
6 1/2, 7 7/8, 8 3/4
7 7/8, 9 7/8, 12 1/4
12 1/4, 17
6 1/8
7 7/8, 8 3/4, 12, 12 1/4, 14 3/4
6
6 1/8, 6 3/4, 10 5/8, 17 1/2
12 1/4, 17 1/2
7 7/8, 12 1/4
12 1/4, 14, 16
16
12 1/4
6 3/4
6,12 1/4
8 1/2,12 1/4
8 1/2, 10 5/8, 12 1/4, 13 1/2
14 3/4, 16, 17, 17 1/2
12 1/4
16
8 1/2, 12 1/4, 17 1/2
Type Size Availability, in
S619
S716
S719
S816
S819
Si419
Si519
Si613
Si616
Si619
Si819
M413
M416
M419
M509
M511
M513
M516
M519
M609
M613
M616
M619
M711
M713
M716
M809
M813
M816
M909
M916
M1609
8 1/2, 12 1/4, 17 1/2
14 3/4
12 1/4
16, 17 1/2, 26
26
8 1/2
8 1/2, 12 1/4
16
12 1/4
13 1/2
23, 24
7 7/8
6, 7 7/8
8 1/2
3 3/4
4 1/2
4 3/4, 4 7/8, 6 1/8, 6 1/4, 7 7/8
5 7/8, 9 7/8, 11 5/8, 12 1/4, 16
6, 9 7/8, 12 1/4
3 5/8, 3 3/4, 4 1/8, 4 1/2, 4 3/4
6, 8 1/2, 11 5/8, 12 1/4
6 3/4, 9 7/8, 12 1/4
7 7/8, 17 1/2
5 7/8
8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 1/2, 12 1/4
6, 8 3/8, 12 1/4
6, 6 1/8, 6 3/4
6, 7 7/8, 9, 12 1/4
16
4 3/4, 5 7/8, 6, 6 1/2
8 1/2
8 1/2, 8 3/4
www.slb.com/pdc
25
Designed for superior performance when drilling at high rotary
speeds through the toughest, most abrasive formations, Kinetic* bits
are built with precisely engineered grit hot-pressed inserts (GHIs)
and thermally stable polycrystalline (TSP) diamond inserts, premium
PDC cutters, and proprietary diamond-impregnated matrix materials.
Each element is chosen to optimize both durability and ROP.
Application-specifc design
Most Kinetic bits use strategically placed premium PDC cutters in
the cone area to improve drillout capability and maximize ROP, while
the impregnated matrix material enhances durability. TSP diamond
inserts are positioned on the gauge to ensure that the bit maintains
a full-gauge hole. In extremely abrasive applications, TSP diamond
elements are also placed on the bit shoulder for increased wear
resistance in this critical area. Kinetic bits can be customized with
different bonding materials and diamonds to match the formation
being drilled and the drive system used, making the bits ideal for
exploiting the higher rotational velocities possible with turbodrills.
The bit uses a combination of center-fow fuid distribution and
precisely placed ports to enhance bit cooling and to ensure effcient
bit cleaning. These functions are particularly important in softer
formations, enabling the bit to drill mixed lithologies effectively. There
is no need to trip to change the type of bit. Kinetic bits are able to drill
PDC-drillable shoe tracks. They are cost-effective in overbalanced
applications, where drilling with a conventional fxed cutter or roller
cone bit results in low ROP and reduced footage.
A hybrid design, designated with an H in the bit nomenclature, is
a combination of a traditional PDC bit and a diamond-impregnated
bit. Hybrid Kinetic drill bits are suitable in borderline-PDC-drillable
formations.
High performance with turbodrills
Because of the inherent power and longevity of a turbodrill
compared with a positive displacement motor (PDM), a Kinetic bit
delivers a particularly high performance when combined with a
Neyrfor* high-performance turbodrill system.
Central fow
Open face for
optimum clearing Brazed--in GHI
Cast-in GHI
Dedicated fuid
port
Application-tuned
impregnated body
material
Type Size Availability, in
K503 5 12 1/4
K505 3 3/4, 5 7/8, 6, 6 1/8, 6 3/4, 8 1/2, 12, 14 3/4, 16
K507 6, 6 1/2, 8 3/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 12 1/4
K703 4 1/2 8 3/4
K705 3 3/4, 6 12 1/4
K707 8 1/2, 14 3/4
KH613 5 7/8, 6
KH813 8 3/8, 8 1/2, 9 1/2, 12 1/4
Fixed Cutter Bits
Kinetic Diamond-Impregnated Bit for High-Speed Applications
www.slb.com/kinetic
Kinetic bits have established world and numerous feld records for the most footage drilled and
the highest ROP.
K H 8 1 3
Cutter Size
Blade Count
Hybrid
Kinetic Impreg
Kinetic
Nomenclature
26
L Feature
Low Exposure
(MDOC Managed Depth Of Cut)
Feature: Cutter backing raised to minimize excessive depth of
cut because of formation heterogeneity.
Advantage: Reduces cutter loading; minimize torque in transitional
drilling.
Beneft: Minimizes cutter breakage and extends bit life.
M Feature
Replaceable Lo-Vibe Inserts
Feature: Lo-Vibe* depth of cut control inserts that can be
replaced when needed
(wear, breakage, etc.).
Advantage: Limits excessive depth of cut and helps reduce
torsional vibration.
Beneft: Superior ROP and bit life.
V Feature
Lo-Vibe Option
Feature: Lo-Vibe depth of cut control insert.
Advantage: In applications in which bit whirl is a problem, the Lo-
Vibe option improves bit stability and reduces potential
for damage to the cutting structure by restricting
lateral movement and reducing the effects of axial
impacts.
Beneft: Optimized ROP and bit life. Long drilling intervals
without need for tripping.
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
27
H Feature
Anti-balling
Feature: Higher number of nozzles than standard.
Advantage: Increased cleaning, cooling, and cuttings evacuation
with available hydraulic fows; higher fow rates with
minimal increase in pump pressure, and reduced risk
of bit balling.
Beneft: Superior ROP and bit life; longer drilling intervals
without the need for tripping.
K Feature
Impregnated Cutter Backing
Feature: Diamonds impregnated in the matrix behind the PDC
cutters.
Advantage: Limits the progress of PDC cutter wear.
Beneft: Increased footage drilled in abrasive applications.
Z Feature
TSP Diamonds on Leading Edge
Feature: Thermally stable polycrystalline (TSP) diamonds are
placed on the leading edge of each blade.
Advantage: Enhances durability in specifc locations on the bit
profle.
Beneft: Increases wear resistance, ensures full-gauge hole,
and extends bit life.
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
28
N Feature
Fewer Nozzles than Standard
Feature: Lower than standard nozzle count.
Advantage: Reduced nozzle count to best match drilling, formation,
and hydraulic system capabilities; reduces the fow
rate required to achieve an appropriate hydraulic
horsepower per square inch (HSI); avoids the use of
numerous, smaller nozzles that can become plugged.
Beneft: Superior ROP and bit life; longer drilling intervals
without the need for tripping.
Y Feature
30-Series Nozzles
Feature: Contains 30-series nozzles.
Advantage: Allows more freedom in cutting structure design,
particularly for smaller bits with limited areas for
placement of larger nozzles.
Beneft: High effciency for cleaning, cooling, and cuttings
evacuation without compromising the cutting
structure, which could reduce ROP or bit life.
W Feature
40-Series Nozzles
Feature: Contains 40-series nozzles.
Advantage: Increased thread size for resistance to wear and
erosion.
Beneft: Reduced pop-up force when tightening the nozzle.
U Feature
50-Series Nozzles
Feature: Contains 50-series nozzles.
Advantage: Maximum adjustable total fow area (TFA) for smaller
or heavier-set designs.
Beneft: High effciency for cleaning, cooling, and cuttings
evacuation without compromising the cutting
structure, which could reduce ROP or bit life.
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
29
Q Feature
Fixed Ports
Feature: Incorporates fxed ports.
Advantage: Optimizes hydraulics in applications where the use of
nozzles compromises the bit design because of space
limitations or other similar reason; provides additional
cleaning of the cutting structure.
Beneft: Improved ROP and bit life.
R Feature
Restrictor Plate in the Pin
Feature: Nozzle ftted in the pin of the bit in high-pressure-drop
applications.
Advantage: Splits the pressure drop between the nozzle in the pin
and the nozzles on the bit face.
Beneft: Allows installation of larger nozzles in the bit, reducing
nozzle velocity and bit body erosion, extending bit life.
E Feature
Extended Gauge Length
Feature: Longer gauge than standard.
Advantage: Enhances bit stability and allows more area for gauge
protection components.
Beneft: Improved hole quality.
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
30
S Feature
Short Gauge Length
Feature: Short gauge length
Advantage: Reduced bit height improves bit steerability for
directional and horizontal applications. It also reduces
slide time and footage by achieving builds and turns
more quickly.
Beneft: Lower cost per foot, higher overall ROP.
A Feature
Active Gauge
Feature: Active gauge.
Advantage: More aggressive side-cutting.
Beneft: Useful for openhole sidetrack applications.
B Feature
Backreaming Cutters
Feature: Backreaming cutters.
Advantage: Strategic placement of cutters on the upside of each
blade, to allow backreaming in tight spots, reduces the
potential of bit sticking while pulling out of the hole.
Beneft: Allows a degree of backreaming, suffcient to
condition a borehole without major risk of gauge pad
wear.
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
31
T Feature
Turbine Sleeve
Feature: Turbine sleeve.
Advantage: Reduces vibration and hole spiraling in turbine
applications; sleeve lengths can be varied to best
match a specifc application.
Beneft: Improved ROP and bit life; long drilling intervals
without the need for tripping.
PXX Feature
Full Diamond Gauge Pad on
Turbine Sleeve
Feature: Full diamond gauge pad on turbine sleeve.
Advantage: Diamond-enhanced inserts to provide the greatest
possible gauge protection in highly abrasive
formations and underbalanced drilling.
Beneft: In-gauge hole and long gauge life in extreme drilling
environments; longer drilling intervals without the
need for tripping.
PX Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Gauge Protection
Feature: Diamond-enhanced gauge protection.
Advantage: Thermally stable polycrystalline (TSP) diamonds
provide extra protection to the gauge.
Beneft: In-gauge hole and longer bit life; longer drilling
intervals without the need for tripping.
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
32
D Feature
DOG Drilling on Gauge Sleeve
Feature: DOG* drilling on gauge sleeve
Advantage: Reduces hole spiraling.
Beneft: Enhances BHA stability and helps maintain an in-
gauge wellbore.
C Feature
Connection Not API Standard
Feature: Nonstandard bit connection
Advantage: Allows nonstandard box connection for a given bit
size, to minimize the length between the bit box and
the turbine or motor pin.
Beneft: Provides stabilization, reduces hole spiraling, and
provides additional gauge protection.
I Feature
IF Connection
Feature: IF connection replaces the standard connection.
Advantage: Allows the bit to conform to the connection type of
directional tools.
Beneft: Provides more fexibility in confguring a drilling
assembly.
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
33
Product Line Prefx Description
Di IDEAS certifed directional design
A ARCS & ARCS Advanced
V VertiDrill
S SHARC
C Carbonate
HOX Heavy Oil Series
M Matrix Body
S Steel Body
K Kinetic Impregnated Bit
H Kinetic Hybrid Bit
D Natural Diamond Bit
L LIVE
PR Pilot Reamer
T Turbine
ST Side Track
SHO Staged Hole Opener
QD Quad-D Dual Diameter
G Reamers with API Connections (box down, pin up)
R Reamers with IF Connections (<6 5/8 in) (pin down, box up)
Nomenclature Identifes Blade Count/Cutter Size. Example: M616 = 6 Blades /16 mm Cutters
Face Features Description
L Low Exposure
M Replaceable Lo-Vibe
V Lo-Vibe
Z TSP on Leading Edge (Kinetic)
K Impregnated Cutter Backing
Hydraulic Features Description
H Higher Number of Nozzles Than Standard
N Lower Number of Nozzles Than Standard
Y 30 Series Nozzles
W 40 Series Nozzles
U 50 Series Nozzles
Q Fixed Ports
R Restrictor Plate
Gauge Features Description
E Extended Gauge Pad Length
S Short Gauge Pad Length
A Active Gauge
B Back Reaming Cutters
PX TSP on Gauge
T Turbine Sleeve
PXX Full Diamond on Turbine Sleeve
D Dog Sleeve
Connection Features Description
C Non API Standard Connection
I IF Connection
Fixed Cutter Bits
Nomenclature
35
Roller Cone Products
36
Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) bits
- Gemini* dynamic twin-seal drill bit
- Shamal* carbonate-optimized TCI drill bit
- Xplorer* slimhole TCI drill bit
- FH TCI* drill bit
Milled Tooth (MT) bits
- Xplorer Expanded* soft-formation milled tooth drill bit
TCT* two-cone drillbit technology

Standard roller cone bits
- Milled tooth, TCI, and open-bearing bits for all applications
Roller Cone Bits Product Line
37
Roller Cone Bits
Gemini Dynamic Twin-Seal Drill Bit
The Gemini seal system consists of a primary seal that protects the bearings, and a secondary
seal that protects the primary seal, making this system the industry leader in durability and
reliability.
8 3/8 in GF15, GF20, GF40, GFi50
8 1/2 in GF05, GF06, GF08, GF10, GF15, GF20,GF25, GF30, F30, GF40, GF45,
GF50, GF65, GF80, GFA21, GFi08, GFi10, GFi12, GFi20, GFi23, GFi28,
GFi30, GFi45, GFi50
8 5/8 in GF15, GF45
8 3/4 in GF10, GF15, GF27, GF40
9 1/2 in GF20, GF21, GF30, GF45, GFVH
11 5/8 in GF15, GF20
12 in GF10, GF20, GF28
12 1/4 in G04, GF05, GF10, GF15, GF20, GF26, GF30, GF37, GF40, GF45, GF47,
GF57, GFi05, GFi06, GFi12, GFi23, GFi28, GFi30, GFi35, GFi40, GFi45,
GFi47, GFK30, GFK57, GFKi28, GGH+, MGGH+
14 3/4 in G10, G15, G25, G40
16 in G18, GGH+, MGGH+
17 1/2 in G02, G10, G15, G28, G30, Gi01, Gi03, Gi12, GGH+
22 in Gi06
24 in G04
26 in G04, G28
The proprietary dual-material primary seal
combines a highly wear resistant, dynamic
face elastomer and a softer energizing
material that exerts a consistent contact
pressure. The bullet-shaped seal has a large
cross-sectional profle to provide maximum
protection for the bearing.
The secondary seal is also made from a mix
of patented materials, and is designed to
prevent abrasive particles in the wellbore
fuids from coming into contact with the
bearing seal. A thermoplastic fabric
reinforced with Kevlar is positioned on the
dynamic face, embedded in an elastomer
matrix. The fabric provides resistance to
wear and tear, and heat damage, in addition
to acting as a barrier to abrasive particles.
The elastomer matrix provides elasticity and
proven sealing ability.
Although they work independently, the seals
create a synergy that allows them to
17 1/2-in Gi03
G F i 3 5
Cutting structure
i - IDEAS certifed
Gemini Designation
Gemini
Nomenclature
www.slb.com/gemini
perform reliably for extended periods of time
at higher RPMs, heavier drillstring weights,
extreme dogleg severity, and increased mud
weights and pressures. Gemini* drill bits are
available in a wide range of sizes, as both
TCI and milled tooth bits.
Bearings
Gemini bits can be equipped with roller
bearings (bit size 12 in) or friction
bearings (bit size 12 in).
Cutting Structure
Different cutter layouts are available. TCIs of
various grades and geometries have been
developed to produce a durable and
effective cutting structure. IDEAS*
integrated drillbit design platform is used to
optimize the cutting structure, so that loads
are more evenly distributed over the inserts
of all three cones, producing a well-
balanced bit with reduced risk of bearing
failure.
38
The Shamal* product line incorporates a
range of TCI bits developed for maximizing
performance in hard carbonate formations.
These bits use a range of proprietary, coarse
carbide grades, which are designed to
combat heat checking and subsequent
chipping and breakage of inserts, the
primary dull characteristics when drilling
hard carbonates.
Incorporating unique cone layouts and insert
geometries, the Shamal product line is
providing superior ROP and durability in
challenging
applications throughout the world.
Roller Cone Bits
Shamal Hard Carbonate-Optimized TCI Drill Bit
12-in GFS05BVCPS
G S i 0 5
XX Cutting Structure
i - IDEAS certifed
Shamal Feature
Bearing Prefx
Shamal
Nomenclature
8 1/2 in GFS05, GFS06, GFS15, GFS20, GFS30, GFSi10, GFSi23, GFSi28,
MFS04, MFS10T, MFS20B
8 3/4 in GFS15
11 5/8 in GFS30
12 in GFS28
12 1/4 in GFSi01, GFS04, GS04, GFS05, GS05, GFS06, GFSi06, GFS10,
GS10, GFS11, GFS15, GS15, GFS20, GFS26, GFS30, GFSi28
14 3/4 in GS10
15 1/2 in GS10
16 in GS03, GS10, GS12, GS18, GS30, GSi01, GSi03, GSi06, GSi12,
GSi15, GSi18, GSi20
17 1/2 in GS03, GS05, GS10, GS12, GS15, GS18, GS28, GSi01, GSi12, GSi18
22 in GS04, GS12, GSi06, GSi12
23 1/2 in GS04
24 in GS18
26 in GS04, GS18
28 in GS04, GS18, GSi18
36 in GSi15
Shamal tungsten carbide
www.slb.com/shamal
Shamal drill bits are designed for hard carbonate drilling, with specifcally designed tungsten
carbide inserts.
39
Roller Cone Bits
Xplorer Premium Slim Hole TCI Bit
Xplorer drill bits provide consistently superior performance in applications ranging from very
soft to ultrahard formations.
Maximum steerability and strength
Xplorer* slimhole TCI drill bits have ultrashort leg forgings, which
maximize steerability at extreme build angles, enabling the most
demanding directional programs. The forging design also
strengthens the chassis and meets the hydraulic demands of modern
drilling.
Harder-wearing seals
To handle the high rotation speeds typically seen in the formations in
which slimhole bits are used, a dual-material Bullet* drillbit bearing
seal is used for soft formation insert bits (IADC 4-1-7X to 5-4-7Y). This
system reduces seal wear while limiting temperature buildup in the
bearing section through the use of matched, dual elastomers.
X R i 2 0
XX - Cutting Structure
i - IDEAS Certifed
Xplorer Nomenclature
Xplorer
Designation
3 3/4 in XR20, XR40
3 7/8 in XR30, XR50
4 1/8 in XR30, XR50
4 1/2 in XR30
4 5/8 in XR30, XR50
4 3/4 in XR15, XR20, XR30, XR40, XR50, XR70
4 7/8 in XRi15, XR20, XR30, XR50
5 1/2 in XR20, XR40
5 5/8 in XR30, XR40, XR50
5 7/8 in XR15, XR20, XR30, XR40, XR50, XRi40, XRi50, XRS15
6 in XR10, XR12, XR15, XR20, XR30, XR40, XR45, XR50, XR65, XR70,
XRS30, XRi15, XRi20, XRi40, XRi45, XRi50
6 1/8 in XR10, XR15, XR20, XRSi20, XR25, XR30, XRi30, XRi35, XR38, XR40,
XR50, XR60, XRi65, XR68, XR70, XR90, XR35, XRi20, XRi28, XRi40,
XRi45, XRi50, XRKi65
6 1/4 in XR20, XR30, XR40, XR50, XR70, XRi30, XRi35, XRi45
6 1/2 in XR10, XR15, XR20, XR30, XR40, XR45, XR50, XR60, XR68,
XR70, XR90
6 3/4 in XR10, XR20, XR25, XR32, XR40, XR50, XRi30
6 1/2-in XR20T
www.slb.com/xplorer
For harder formation Xplorer bits (with IADC codes 6-1-7X and
higher), a rotary O ring seal with optimized properties is used,
which signifcantly increases the wear resistance of the seal
compared to conventional materials. These O rings result in
market-leading bearing performance in hard formations.
Optimum cutting structures
Individual cutter layouts, as well as a complete range of inserts,
insert grades, and geometric enhancements have been developed
specifcally for Xplorer bits to reduce breakage, maintain full gauge,
and increase ROP. Features such as Ridge Cutters* drillbit chisel
inserts, signifcantly reduce cone shell wear and allow the main
cutting structure to function more effectively.
40
Milled tooth drill bits that are specifcally designed to drill soft to frm formations.
X R +
XX - Premium Milled Tooth Cutting Structure
Xplorer Nomenclature
Xplorer
Designation
Enhanced ROP
Xplorer Expanded* milled tooth drill bits are specifcally designed to
drill soft to frm formations with superior ROP and reliability. The bits
are equipped with the Flex-Flo* adaptive hydraulics system, offering
the widest range of options for maximizing ROP and ensuring
effective hole cleaning in any application.
Extremely wear resistant MIC2* drillbit hardfacing material provides
durability, enabling the bits to drill at a high ROP for prolonged
periods. The cutting structure is designed for for maximum shearing
and scraping action in the softer formations encountered in milled
tooth applications.
Reliable seals and bearings
All Xplorer Expanded bits with 8 1/2-in or larger diameter beneft
from the proven reliability of the dynamic twin bearing-seals system
used by Gemini* drill bits. The Spinodal* roller cone drillbit friction
bearing used is both reliable and durable. Bit sizes 13 in and
greater incorporate premium sealed roller bearings.
Roller Cone Bits
Xplorer Expanded Soft-Formation Milled Tooth Drill Bit
17 1/2-in XR+ ODVEC
XR+, in 4 1/2, 4 3/4, 4 7/8, 5, 5 1/2, 5 5/8, 5 3/4, 5 7/8, 6, 6 1/8, 6 1/4,
6 1/2, 6 3/4, 7 7/8, 8 3/8, 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 9 1/2, 9 7/8, 10 5/8, 11 5/8,
12 1/4, 13 1/2, 13 3/4, 14 1/2, 14 3/4, 15, 15 1/2, 16, 17, 17 1/2,
18 1/8, 18 1/2, 19 1/4, 20, 21 3/4, 22, 23, 24, 26, 31, 32, 32 1/4,
32 3/8, 33, 36
www.slb.com/xr-expanded
41
Roller Cone Products for Geothermal and High-Temperature Applications
Geothermal and high temperature drill bits
High temperature drilling environments, seen most commonly in
geothermal wells, provide a unique set of challenges for downhole
equipment. In many of these applications the tungsten carbide
insert (TCI) roller cone bits used to drill these wells must endure hard
and abrasive formations to steam or hot rock in basement
formations where temperatures can exceed 500 degF.
At that temperature, a standard 300 degF-rated bits elastomer seals
and lubricating material quickly degrades, causing bearing failure,
resulting in operational inefficiencies: reduced on-bottom drilling
hours leading to multiple bit runs/trips, and increased development
costs.
Drilling for unique energy calls for a unique bit
Kaldera high-temperature roller cone drill bit represents a new line
of bits with an innovative bearing system that comprises new propri-
etary composite elastomer seals with specialized fabric compounds
and a proprietary high-temperature grease formula. These innova-
tions increase seal life, lubricity, and load capacity at elevated
temperatures for HT applications.
Proven durability in high-temperature applications
Tested against baseline bits, in geothermal superheated steam appli-
cations where temperatures can reach 530 degF, the new Kaldera
roller cone bit was clearly the top performer:
On-bottom drilling time was 3% to 37% greater
Average run length was 33% greater
Roller Cone Bits
Kaldera
www.slb.com/kaldera
6 in XRK40
6 1/8 in XRK40
7 7/8 in FHKi30
8 1/2 in 47YGA, FHK15, FHK30, FHK45, FHKi40, FHKi50, FHKi69
9 7/8 in FHK30, FK47, FK50, FK57
10 5/8 in GFK47
12 1/4 in 47YG, GFK15, GFK30, GFKi28, GFK10
17 in GSK20, GSKi18
22 in GSKi12
5 7/8 in XRK+
8 1/2 in XRK+
Milled Tooth
TCI
Kaldera Nomenclature
Milled Tooth
X R K +
XX - Premium Milled
Tooth Cutting Structure
Xplorer -
Kaldera
Designation
G F K 47
XX - Premium TCI
Cutting Structure
Gemini -
Kaldera
Designation
TCI
42
Roller Cone Bits
FH Single-Seal TCI Drill Bit
FH TCI roller cone drill bits offer superior performance in a wide variety of applications at a
lower cost per foot.
Optimized cutting structure
FH* TCI drill bits have patented insert and cutter geometries.
Engineers use the IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform to
precisely monitor the interaction between the cutting elements and
the rock, and optimize bit design to allow the maximum amount of
mechanical energy to be applied to the formation.
Reliable seals and bearings
The bullet-shaped, dual dynamic seals of FH TCI bits have undergone
extensive fnite element analysis (FEA) in a laboratory to ensure
reliability. The bearings used are the latest evolution of the silver-
plated Spinodal* roller cone drillbit friction bearings. The proven
properties of the bearing material, along with the friction-reducing
effects of the silver, combine to create a longer lasting, highly reliable
bearing package.
Application-specifc hydraulics
The Flex-Flo* adaptive hydraulics system offers a range of hydraulic
confgurations that are optimized for specifc applications.
Computational fuid dynamics software, and our bit fow visualization
system were used to design this feature.
F H i 2 8
XX - Cutting Structure
i - IDEAS Certifed
FH Nomenclature
FH
Designation
8 3/4-in FH28GVPS
7 7/8 in FHi20, FHi21, FHi23, FHi24, FHi26, FHi28, FHi30, FHi35, FHi38,
FHi40, FHi45, FHi50, FHi43, FHKi30, FH25, FHi08, FHi18,
FHi37, FHi39
8 1/2 in FH23, FHi04, FHi20, FHi21, FHi28, FHi40, FHi69, FH30, FH35,
FH40, FH45, FH50, FHi90, FHK08, FHK30, FHKi 40, FHKi50,
FHKi69
8 3/4 in FH16, FHi18, FH20, FHi20, FHi21, FHi23, FHi25, FH28, FHi28,
FHi29, FHi30, FH32, FHi35, FHi37, FHi38, FHi40, FH43, FH45,
FHi50, FH23, FH30, FH35, FH40, FH50, FHi32, FHi39, FHi43,
FHi45, FHi47, FHi55, FHi90
9 7/8 in FH23, FH28, FH30, FH35, FH40, FH45, FH50, FHi12, FHK30
12 1/4 in FH24, FH50
www.slb.com/FH
43
Roller Cone Bits
TCT Two Cone Drillbit Technology
Smith Bits TCT* two-cone drill bits are designed using the dynamic
modeling capabilities of the IDEAS* integrated drillbit design
platform. The process includes evaluation and testing in a virtual
environment to reduce vibration, enhance stability, and increase ROP.
Optimal cutting structure
Extensive analysis ensures that the cutting structure layout optimally
exploits the bits unique characteristics. Two-cone bits have lower
tooth counts than equivalent three-cone bits, and higher point
loading per tooth for improved formation penetration. They also
beneft from current technology for enhanced insert geometries and
the latest carbides and hardfacing materials.
Five-nozzle hydraulic confguration
TCT two-cone drill bits can incorporate fve nozzles, four outboard
and one center jet. The feld-proven V-Flo* vectored-fow nozzle
confguration precisely positions and directs the fve nozzles for
increased impingement pressure and optimum cutting structure
cleaning and cuttings evacuation, thereby improving penetration
rates. The fve-nozzles signifcantly increase the available options for
directing fuid fow, compared with a three-cone bit that uses three
nozzles.
Enhanced stability
Two-cone bits have four points of stabilization. The lug-pad and leg-
back placement, along with the forging geometry, reduces vibration,
increases bit life, and enables a higher ROP. In addition, the lug pads
and leg backs are protected by tungsten carbide inserts to stabilize
the bit and ensure a full-gauge wellbore.
Reliable twin-seal system
The dynamic twin-seal system of Gemini* bits is also employed by
TCT two-cone drill bits. It comprises a pair of seals working together
to provide the most reliable and robust sealing mechanism available
in roller cone bits. The bits maintain seal integrity under the harshest
conditions, including high rates of rotation, weight on bit, dogleg
severity, mud weights, temperature, and pressure.
6 1/2 in TCTi+
7 7/8 in TCTi20
8 1/2 in TCTi+
8 3/4 in TCTi+, TCT20, TCT37
9 7/8 in TCTi+
12 1/4 in TCTi+, TCT11, TCT12, TCTi11
16 in TCT+, TCTi+
17 1/2 in TCT10, TCTi+
T C T i +
XX - Premium Milled
Tooth Cutting Structure
i - IDEAS Certifed
TCT Nomenclature
TCT
Designation
12 1/4-in TCI TCTi
12 1/4-in MT TCTi+
www.slb.com/tct
More aggressive roller cone designs
44
The standard line of Smith Bits journal and roller bearing bits delivers premium performance.
These bits are the focus of ongoing product improvement, which enhances existing designs and
integrates new materials technology.
Roller Cone Bits
Standard Milled Tooth, TCI and Open Bearing Bits
Standard bits are continuously improved in order to aggressively
drive down drilling costs. Among the features and materials
incorporated into the standard product offering are Spinodal* roller
cone drillbit friction bearings, advanced bearing lubricants, the
Flex-Flo* adaptive hydraulics system, MIC2* drillbit hardfacing
material, diamond-enhanced inserts, coarse carbide inserts, and
relieved-gauge inserts.
3 3/4 in OFH, OFM
6 3/4 in
6 in FDGH, FHV
7 1/2 in FDT
7 7/8 in FDS+, FI18, F26Y, F27Y, F27iY, F30Y, F37HY, FI39HY, F45H, F47HY,
F47YA, F49YA, F57Y, F59HY, F67Y, F80Y, F85Y, F90Y
8 3/8 in MFDGH, SVH, F37Y, F57Y
8 1/2 in F10, F37HY, F37Y, F47HY, F57Y, F67Y, F80Y, F85Y,
FDGH, FDS+, MFDGH
8 3/4 in FDS+, F12V, F26Y, F27iY, F30T, F37HUY, F37HY, F39HY, F40YA, 46HY,
F47HY, F47YA, F50YA, F59Y, F67Y, F80Y, F85Y, F90Y
8 7/8 in F40YA, F50YA
9 1/2 in FDS+
9 7/8 in FDS+, F10B, F37Y, F47HY, F59Y, F67Y, F80Y, F85Y, F90Y
10 5/8 in F37, F47Y, F67Y, F85Y, F90Y
11 in F20, F20Y, F27Y, F37Y, F47Y, FDS
11 5/8 in F30, F47Y, FDGH, MSVH
12 1/4 in F25Y, F37Y, F40, F47YA, F57, F67, F80Y, F90Y, FDGH, FDS+, FDT
14 3/4 in F30
17 in MSDGH
17 1/2 in DSJ
20 in MSDGH
22 in MSDGH
23 in DSJ, MSDGH
26 in DSJ, MSDGH
28 in MSDGH, DSJ
32 in MSDSSH
34 in MSDGH
36 in DSUJ
12 1/4-in FVH
Standard Nomenclature/Milled Tooth Bits
F V H
Heel Inserts
Medium to Hard Formation Type
Bearing Prefx
8 3/4-in F12
Standard Nomenclature/TCI Insert Bits
F 1 2
XX - Cutting Structure
Bearing Prefx
www.slb.com/rockbits
45
D Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Gauge Row Inserts
Inserts
Feature: Diamond-enhanced gauge inserts.
Advantage: Signifcantly lower gauge-row wear and breakage
rates, and greater wear-resistance in highly abrasive
applications.
Beneft: High-quality, full-gauge wellbore over signifcantly
longer intervals compared with tungsten carbide
gauge inserts.
TD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Trucut
Gauge Protection
Feature: Diamond-enhanced, semiround-top, on-gauge inserts
provide the fnish cut-to-gauge for Trucut* drillbit
gauge system. Off-gauge inserts are made of tungsten
carbide.
Advantage: Suitable for more abrasive environments; more
durable than standard Trucut gauge confguration.
Beneft: Extended bit-gauge life results in long intervals of
quality, in-gauge borehole.
SD Feature
Shaped Diamond-Enhanced Gauge Inserts
Feature: 100% shaped diamond-enhanced gauge inserts.
Advantage: Shaped geometry creates a more aggressive cutting
structure.
Beneft: Maximum ROP and high-quality, in-gauge borehole for
the longest possible intervals in highly abrasive
environments.
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
46
B Feature
Binary Gauge Protection
Feature: Small, semiround-top inserts positioned between
primary gauge inserts.
Advantage: Smaller inserts improve wear resistance.
Beneft: Improved bit-gauge durability and longer, in-gauge bit
runs.
BD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Insert Binary
Gauge Protection
Feature: Diamond-enhanced, semiround-top inserts positioned
between primary gauge inserts.
Advantage: Extreme wear resistance.
Beneft: Improved bit-gauge durability and longer, in-gauge bit
runs.
T Feature
Tungsten Carbide Trucut
Gauge Protection
Feature: TCI protection for Trucut* drillbit gauge system.
Advantage: Improved gauge durability and integrity with a twin
gauge-insert system composed of aggressive, near-
gauge inserts to drill the near-gauge and borehole
corner with reduced scraping action, and semiround-
top, on-gauge inserts that provide the fnish cut to
gauge; signifcantly reduced stress on gauge inserts.
Beneft: Extended bit-gauge life for long intervals of quality, in-
gauge borehole.
OD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Heel
Row Inserts
Feature: Up to 50% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts.
Advantage: Improved resistance to abrasive wear and impact
damage; protection for the lower leg and bearing seal
areas.
Beneft: Longer gauge-cutting-structure life for long intervals
of high-quality, full-gauge borehole.
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
47
OD1 Feature
All Heel Row Inserts Diamond
Enhanced
Feature: 51%100% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts.
Advantage: The heel cutting structure is designed for the most
abrasive environments, resulting in a longer gauge-
cutting-structure life, and rotection for the lower leg
and bearing-seal areas.
Beneft: Longer intervals of high-quality, full-gauge borehole in
highly abrasive, high compressive strength formations.
DD Feature
100% Diamond-Enhanced
Cutting Structure
Feature: 100% diamond-enhanced cutting structure.
Advantage: Premium cutting structure for drilling very abrasive
formations effciently, with longer runs and lower
weight on bit (WOB).
Beneft: High ROP and extended bit life.
G Feature
Super D-Gun Cone Protection
Feature: Super D-Gun* tungsten carbide cone protection.
Advantage: A hard, tungsten-carbide-based coating applied to
cone shells makes them unusually resistant to
abrasion and erosion. This feature is ideal for highly
abrasive formations that generate large volumes of
cuttings. It is also helpful in abrasive conditions with
ineffcient hole cleaning such as high angle,
directional, and horizontal applications.
Beneft: Increased bit life, longer bit runs, and improved insert
retention.
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
48
Y Feature
Conical Shaped Inserts
Feature: Conical shaped inserts.
Advantage: Geometry optimized to reduce insert breakage.
Beneft: High ROP in formations which are sensitive to weight
on bit (WOB).
V Feature
V-Flo Nozzle Confguration
Feature: V-Flo* vectored-fow nozzle confguration
Advantage: Jets are directed at the leading side of the following
cone for maximum cleaning; enhanced bottomhole
cleaning is achieved through effcient cuttings lift and
establishment of a strong, upward, helical fow.
Beneft: A clean cutting structure in soft and sticky formations.
VE Feature
Extended Vectored Nozzle Sleeve
(Available for 12 1/4-in and larger bits)
Feature: Extended vectored nozzle sleeve.
Advantage: The angles of the nozzles are precisely oriented to
direct fuid fow to the leading edge of the cones,
resulting in the most effcient cleaning.
Beneft: Clean cutting structure, and maximum ROP through
higher impingement pressure.
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
49
J3 Feature (Dome Jets)
(Available for 16-in and larger bits)
Feature: Three nozzles located inboard of conventional roller
cone nozzle positions.
Advantage: Flow is directed toward the intermesh area between
the cones to enhance cone cleaning.
Beneft: Increased cone cleaning to prevent bit balling and
maximize ROP.
C Feature
Center Jet
Feature: Center jet installed.
Advantage: Enhanced cone cleaning and hydraulic fow patterns
across the bit cutting structure.
Beneft: Clean, effcient cutting structure in high-cuttings-
volume or sticky formations.
L Feature
Lug-Type Leg Back Protection
Feature: Shaped steel-pads welded to the upper leg back, with
fush-set tungsten carbide or shaped diamond-
enhanced inserts.
Advantage: Leg protection and bit stabilization; helps prevent bit
whirl and differential wear between bit legs, which
can overload individual cone cutting structures and
bearings.
Beneft: High quality wellbore and extended bit life.
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
50
R Feature
Semiround-Top (SRT) TCI Stabilization &
Leg Back Protection
Feature: Stabilizing leg back protection.
Advantage: Cluster of SRT tungsten carbide inserts, located on the
upper leg section and extending to near full-gauge,
enhance wear protection and improve bit stability.
Beneft: Extended bit life and improved borehole quality.
PS Feature
Semiround-Top (SRT) TCI Leg Back
Protection
Feature: Leg back protection.
Advantage: Strategically placed, SRT tungsten carbide inserts
improve leg protection against wear; tight, overlapping
pattern helps prevent grooving of leg backs.
Beneft: Extended bit life in abrasive environments.
PD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Leg Back Protection
Feature: Diamond-enhanced leg back protection.
Advantage: Strategically placed, SRT, diamond-enhanced and
tungsten carbide inserts improve leg protection
against wear; tight, overlapping pattern helps prevent
grooving of leg backs. This confguration is more
wear-resistant than 100% tungsten carbide protection.
Beneft: Extended bit life in extremely abrasive environments.
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
51
Bearing/Seal
Identifer & Product
Line Prefx Applies To Refers To Description
D All Bearing/Seal Nonsealed (open) bearing
S All Bearing/Seal Single seal, sealed roller bearing
F All Bearing/Seal Single seal, sealed friction bearing
MF All Bearing/Seal Single seal, friction bearing motor bit
M All Bearing/Seal Single seal, roller bearing motor bit
K All Bearing/Seal High temperature seals (geothermal applications)
G All Product Line Gemini* bit, twin seal, roller bearing
GF All Product Line Gemini bit, twin seal, friction bearing
XR All Product Line Xplorer* slimhole TCI bit (up to 6.75 in)
Xplorer Expanded* soft-formation milled tooth bit (up to 36 in)
TCT All Product Line TCT* two-cone technology bit
FH TCI Product Line FH TCI*bit, single seal, sealed friction bearing
S TCI Cutting Structure Shamal* carbonate-optimized design, with or without Typhoon hydraulics
i All IDEAS Design certifed by IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform
+ MT Cutting Structure Milled tooth designator / Premium cutting structure
DS MT Cutting Structure Soft type (IADC 1-1-X) - applicable to FDS bits only
DG MT Cutting Structure Medium type (IADC 1-3-X) - does not apply to Gemini bits
S MT Cutting Structure Soft type (formerly DS) - D and G products only
T MT Cutting Structure Medium soft type (formerly DT)
G MT Cutting Structure Medium type (formerly DG) - D and G products only
V MT Cutting Structure Medium hard type (formerly V2)
S MT Cutting Structure Premium self-sharpening with hardfacing material
H MT Carbide Gauge Nonpremium bit - heel inserts
B TCI Carbide Gauge Binary carbide gauge
H TCI Carbide Gauge Heavy-set gauge design (count or grade or both)
T TCI Carbide Gauge Trucut* gauge (carbide material on both off-gauge and gauge)
00-99 TCI Cutting Structure Insert bit numeric range (00 Softest - 99 Hardest)
Product Suffx Applies To Refers To: Description
I TCI Cutting Structure Inclined chisel on gauge
W TCI Cutting Structure Softer than standard insert grades
Y TCI Cutting Structure Conical insert
A All Cutting Structure Air application bit
N All Size Nominal gauge diameter
Feature Applies To Refers To: Description
TD TCI Diamond Gauge Trucut diamond with diamond-enhanced inserts (DEI on gauge; carbide on off-gauge)
SD TCI Diamond Gauge Shaped diamond-enhanced gauge inserts and 20% to 50% heel inserts
SD1 TCI Diamond Gauge Shaped diamond-enhanced gauge inserts and 51% to 100% heel inserts
D TCI Diamond Gauge Semiround top (SRT) diamond-enhanced gauge inserts
OD All Diamond Heel 20% to 50% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts
OD1 All Diamond Heel 51% to 100% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts
DD TCI Full Diamond Diamond-enhanced cutting structure (nose, middle and gauge inserts)
DD2 TCI Full Diamond Diamond-enhanced cutting structure, (nose, middle and premium gauge inserts)
G TCI Cutting Structure Super-D Gun tungsten carbide insert cone-shell protection
Q All Hydraulics Q-Tube hydraulics
V All Hydraulics V-Flo vectored-fow nozzle confguration
E All Hydraulics Extended nozzle tubes
VE All Hydraulics Vectored extended nozzle tubes
J3 All Hydraulics Dome jets (3 jets in the bit dome)
C All Hydraulics Center jet
L All Leg Protection Lug pads with tungsten carbide inserts
LD All Leg Protection Lug pads with diamond-enhanced inserts
R All Leg Protection Upper legback semiround top (SRT) TCI cluster and PS feature
RD All Leg Protection Upper legback semiround top (SRT) DEI cluster and PD feature
PS All Leg Protection Semiround top (SRT) tungsten carbide leg protection
PD All Leg Protection Semiround top (SRT) diamond-enhanced leg protection
P All Leg Protection Modifed PS feature pattern; Note: West Texas bits only
Roller Cone Bits
Nomenclature
52
53
Percussion Hammers and Bits
54
Impax hammer unifes durability and performance for deep-hole drilling
Hammers
Percussion Hammers
The Impax* hammer features a patented hardened-steel guide
sleeve that signifcantly optimizes energy transfer between the
hammers piston and bit. The guide sleeve design also signifcantly
improves deep-hole drilling reliability by eliminating the plastic blow
tube: a component that often causes conventional hammers to fail
when they are subjected to shock, vibration, abrasive wear, and
high-temperature erosion caused by misting.
Because high-back pressure, circulation volume, and the water
produced from misting and infux are major causes of hammer bit
failure, the Impax hammers lower chamber has been designed to
handle 10% to 20% more water than conventional hammer bits.
When water incursion forces those bits to be tripped out of the well,
the Impax hammers combined capabilities enable it to endure deep-
hole drilling conditions while delivering reliable performance.
Impax hammers are available in 8-, 10-, and 12-in sizes.
Impax Retention System
Impax bits proven retainer design protects the bit head from being
lost downhole, thereby eliminating sidetracking or fshing costs.
1. A set of split retaining rings at the top of the bit ensure bit head
retention.
2. The Impax bit retainer is a sleeve trapped between the shoulders
of the driver sub and the hammers case. The retainer catches the
bit head when a shank (fracture in the spline area) prevents the
retention rings from functioning.
3. The secondary catch mechanism is a rope thread, which is
machined on the retainer ID and bit OD. When tripping out,
rotating the drillstring to the right virtually eliminates any chance
that the bit head will come out of the retainer.
1
2
3
www.slb.com/impax
55
www.slb.com/impax
Superior reliability, durability, and performance in hard formations.
Hammer Bits
Impax Diamond-Enhanced Insert Hammer Bit
Impax diamond-enhanced insert (DEI) hammer bits feature a
hardened steel guide sleeve instead of the conventional blow tube,
optimizing energy transfer between the piston and the bit. Replacing
the plastic blow tube increases reliability by eliminating failures due
to high temperature, erosion, shock and vibration, and abrasive
wear.
The large lower chamber increases performance in the high
backpressure conditions created by deep-hole drilling, high
circulation volumes, and misting and infux. Impax hammers can
handle 10%-20% more water volume from mist or infux than
conventional hammers, saving a trip when water incursion would
cause a conventional hammer to be tripped out of the well.
Dual retention system
When encountering hard rock formations that require the use of a
percussion hammer, Impax bits offer a highly reliable retention
system that prevents the loss of the bit head in the hole and saves
the cost of fshing or sidetracking.
The systems primary retention mechanism is a set of split retaining
rings at the top of the bit. The bit retainer is a sleeve that is trapped
between the shoulders of the driver sub and the hammer case. It
catches the bit head in the event that a shank (fracture in the spline
area) prevents the primary retention rings from functioning.
The secondary catch mechanism is a rope thread machined on the
retainer ID and on the bit OD. During the trip out of the hole, right-
hand rotation of the drillstring virtually eliminates any chance of the
bit head coming out of the retainer. For conventional hammer bits,
split rings are the only means of attachment to the drillstring, and the
possibility of losing the bit head is so great that the bits have built-in
fshing threads to facilitate retrieval.
086 H 15 12 D
Diamond Enhanced Insert
Number adjacent to Gauge Inserts
Number of Gauge Inserts
H Hammer Bit Indicator
Diameter, x/8 in
Impax Nomenclature
8 3/4-in H1512D
Increased footage at lower cost
Impax hammer bits have tough and durable DEIs that increase the
footage drilled and lower the cost per foot. These bits eliminate the
need for reaming, extending the life of the subsequent bit and
providing a quality borehole for running casing. In addition, three
exhaust ports improve bit-face cleaning for longer life and better
ROP. The bit can be supplied with a concave bottom, which optimizes
directional control.
DIGR diamond in gauge row hammer bits
DIGR* hammer bits are the cost-effective choice for drilling
applications that do not require cutting structures with 100% DEIs.
They offer a full range of options for cutting structure layout, but use
DEIs only in the gauge row, providing excellent ROP and durability in
less demanding formations. DIGR bits use the same retention system
as Impax bits.
56
Hammer Bits
Nomenclature and Optional Features
Impax Nomenclature and Features
Size, 1/8 in Type Available Features
61 H0806 X,6,R,D,PD
62 H1006 X,6,R,D,G
63 H1006 X,6,R,D,G
64 H1006 X,6,R,D,G
66 H1006 X,6,R,D,G
77 H1209 V,7,R,D,PD
83 H1209 V,7,R,D,PD
84 H1209 V,7,R,D,PD
86 H1206 V,7,R,D,PD
86 H1209 V,7,R,D,PD
87 H1209 V,7,R,D,G,PD
87 H1512 V,6,R,D,G,PD
94 H1509 V,7,R,D,PD
95 H1509 V,7,R,C,D,PD
96 H1509 V,7,R,C,D,PD
97 H1509 V,7,R,C,D,PD
105 H1509 V,7,R,D,PD
110 H1209 V,7,R,D,PD
122 H1209 V,7,R,D,G,PD
123 H1209 V,7,R,D,G,PD
146 H1812 V,7,R,D,G,PD
174 H1809 V,7,R,D,G,PD
Impax Features
C Carbide Insert
D Diamond Enhanced Insert (DEI)
F Flat Profle
G Diamond on Gauge
M Modifed Profle
N Nonretainable
PD Optional Gauge Protection
R Retainable
T Retainable V Thread
V Concave Profle
X Convex Profle
6 6/8-in [18-mm] Diameter DEI
7 7/8-in [22-mm] Diameter DEI
www.slb.com/impax
6 3/8-in H1006DX6RPD
57
Hammer Bits
Nomenclature and Optional Features
Gauge Inserts
G Feature Diamond (DEI) in Gauge Row
Feature: A cutting structure with carbide face inserts and
DEI gauge inserts
Advantage: Exceptional gauge durability and abrasion
resistance
Beneft: Excellent bit gauge life when drilling long,
medium-soft formation intervals
Bit Head Retention
N Feature Nonretainable
Feature: No retaining feature on the bit head (standard
fshing threads)
Advantage: Compatibility with third party hammers that
have no bit retention features
Beneft: Flexibility to use the bit in various BHA assemblies
such as those used for water wells, construction, etc.
R Feature Retainable
Feature: Patented bit head retention system
Advantage: Prevents loss of the bit head in the hole
Beneft: Saves the cost of sidetracking or fshing
T Feature Retainable V Thread
Feature: Slightly modifed patented bit head
Advantage: Allows bits with larger diameter shanks to be
run with our patented retention system
Beneft: Saves the cost of sidetracking or fshing
Gauge Reinforcement
PD Feature Optional Gauge Protection
Feature: All diamond gauge reinforcement
Advantage: Signifcantly extends the life of the bit gauge
Beneft: Eliminates the need for reaming (the practice of
reducing the hole size after pulling out a nonPD
hammer bit), increasing the life of the subsequent bit
and providing a quality hole for running casing
Face Inserts
C Feature Carbide Insert
Feature: All carbide cutting structure
Advantage: Excellent durability and abrasion resistance
Beneft: Superior and cost-effective drilling performance
in soft to medium-soft formations
D Feature Diamond-Enhanced Insert (DEI)
Feature: All DEI cutting structure
Advantage: Exceptional durability and abrasion resistance
Beneft: Excellent drilling performance in longer intervals
through hard formations
6 Feature 6/8-in [18 mm] Diameter DEI
Feature: 6/8-in diameter DEI gauge cutting structure
Advantage: Allows use of heavy-set diamond gauge
cutting structures
Beneft: Eliminates the need for reaming, increasing the
life of the subsequent bit and providing a quality hole
for running casing
7 Feature 7/8-in [22 mm] Diameter DEI
Feature: 7/8-in diameter DEI gauge cutting structure
Advantage: Allows use of diamond gauge cutting
structures with improved impact-damage resistance
Beneft: Eliminates the need for reaming, increasing the
life of the subsequent bit and providing a quality hole
for running casing
Bit Profle Shapes
F Feature Flat
Feature: Flat bottom with a single gauge-angle bit head
profle
Advantage: Allows use of heavier-set cutting structures on
the bit face
Beneft: Excellent drilling performance in hard formation
intervals
M Feature Modifed
Feature: Nonstandard bit head profle
Advantage: Unique geometry incorporated for specifc
operating parameters
Beneft: Enhanced performance for special drilling
applications
V Feature Concave
Feature: Concave bottom with a dual gauge-angle bit head
profle
Advantage: Additional drilling stability and directional
control
Beneft: Excellent drilling performance in medium-soft to
medium formation intervals where hole deviation is a
primary concern
X Feature Convex
Feature: Flat bottom with a dual gauge-angle bit head
profle
Advantage : Allows use of heavy-set face and gauge
cutting structures
Beneft: Excellent drilling performance in medium to
medium-hard formation intervals
www.slb.com/impax
59
Borehole Enlargement
60
Rhino* Integrated Borehole Enlargement System
- Rhino XS* Hydrailically Expandable Reamer
- Predator* Cutter Blocks
- Rhino stabilizer
PDC Hole Openers
- Staged Hole Openers
Quad-D* Dual-Diameter Drift and Drill Bi-center
- Quad-D Reamer*
- Quad-D Bits*

Roller Cone Under-Reamers and Hole Openers
- Reamaster-XTU* Forged Cutter-Arm Under-Reamer
- Drilling-Type Under-Reamer (DTU)
- Heavy Duty Hole Opener (HDHO)
Borehole Enlargement
61
Borehole enlargement while drilling, with high-quality, concentric boreholes for improved
casing running and uniform cementing clearance.
Rhino XS* hydraulically expandable reamers consistently provide a
wellbore quality not achievable with other reaming tools, while
demonstrating superior reliability. They are primarily used with rotary
steerable drilling systems, and are the concentric reamers of choice
for a variety of challenging applications, including
deep water
drilling extended intervals with rotary steerable systems (RSS)
extended-reach drilling (ERD)
backreaming in loosely consolidated formations
drilling highly abrasive formations
scale removal inside production casing
tight-tolerance casing designs.
Concentric, full-gauge borehole
The balanced-mass design of the Rhino XS reamer minimizes
vibrations, eliminating the likelihood of undergauge and irregular
boreholes. Integrated jet nozzles and fow paths improve evacuation
of cuttings while drilling.
Once hydraulically activated, the reliable Z-Drive* reamer cutter
block deployment system transfers downhole weight to the reamer,
pushing the cutter blocks upward and radially outward to the fully
open position. This facilitates rapid cutout and ensures a full-gauge,
concentric borehole.
Dependable retraction to minimize stuck tools
Dependable retraction of the cutter blocks with the Z-Drive system
helps to avoid stuck BHAs.
Borehole Enlargement
Rhino XS Hydraulically Expandable Reamer
www.slb.com/rhino
Application-specifc and robust construction
The single-piece body allows for higher tensile- and torque-load
capacity. The tool features a symmetrical, concentric arrangement
of three PDC cutter blocks that improve ROP without sacrifcing
durability.
IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform provides application-
specifc cutter blocksoptimized for bit and BHA dynamics, and
formation lithologyfor any hole-enlargement-while-drilling
requirement. The reamer placement and operating parameters are
also optimized for performance with the rest of the BHA components.
Optional features
DBD deactivation system: The Rhino XS reamer can be locked in
a closed position to avoid damaging the casing while running in.
Once below the casing shoe, hydraulic actuation can be enabled
by dropping an activation ball to unlock the tool. Switching the
rig pumps on and off will now open and close the tool. The DBD
deactivation system disables the hydraulic actuation and closes
the tool on demand by dropping a second, larger-diameter ball.
Once the tool is closed, full circulation can be established at the
drill bit for increased bit fow rate.
Cement cleanout blocks: These are designed to remove a
cement sheath below a restriction inside the casing, without
damaging the casing.
62
Using the dynamic IDEAS* platform, Smith Bits engineers test each
precisely engineered Predator* cutter block design and its optimized
gauge confgurations to be used with Rhino XS* reamers. After
identifying the design that provides the best simulated performance,
results are verifed in feld applications.
Integrated design for superior performance
Field results have confrmed a step change in drilling performance
when these new components are used in conjunction with an
appropriately modeled pilot bit. This integrated systems approach
ensures that the reamer, the bit, and the other components of the
BHA work synergistically to minimize vibration, drill a high-quality
enlarged wellbore, and provide maximum ROP.
IDEAS design platform is used to design Predator cutter blocks optimized for bit and BHA
dynamics, and for specifc target lithologies such as salts, shales, or lower compressive strength
sands. This process minimizes the harmonic signature of the Rhino XS reamer in the BHA and
improves drilling performance.
Z-Drive Tongue
& Groove Actuation
For reliable block deployment and
retraction
Stabilizer/Gauge Pads
Maintains hole gauge and
improves stability
Backreaming Cutting
Structure
Ensures borehole quality in all
formation types
Formation Cutting Structure
Designed in IDEAS to reduce vibration
and improve ROP
Borehole Enlargement
Predator Cutter Block
www.slb.com/predator
More footage at maximum ROP
The hydraulically actuated, single-piece cutter blocks have a high
tensile- and torque-load capacity. ONYX* PDC cutters are available
for the toughest applications. These cutters are more thermally
stable, as well as more wear- and impact-resistant than other PDC
cutters, both standard and premium. They remain sharp longer,
translating into more footage drilled at maximum ROP over a wide
range of applications, from hard, highly abrasive to interbedded,
diffcult-to-drill formations.
63
Borehole Enlargement
Rhino XS Reamer Specifcations
www.slb.com/rhino
Rhino XS Reamer Specifications
Tool Series Overall Body
Diameter, in
Standard Fishing
Neck Diameter, in
Enlarged Hole
Size, in
Minimum Pilot
Hole Size, in
Internal Bore
Diameter, in
Maximum Thru
Flow, gpm
3500 3.50 3 1/2 44 1/2 3 3/4 0.875 141
4000 4.00 4 4 1/25 1/2 4 1/4 0.875 141
5500 5.50 5 1/4 6 1/27 5 3/4 1.25 230
5625 5.62 5 1/4 6 1/27 5 7/8 1.38 350
5800 5.80 5 1/4 6 1/27 3/8 6 1/8 1.38 350
6125 6.13 5 3/8 77 1/2 6 3/8 1.38 350
6375 6.38 5 3/8 78 6 3/4 1.38 350
7300 7.25 6 1/4 89 7 1/2 1.50 500
8000 8.00 7 1/4 910 1/4 8 1/4 2.00 750
9250 9.25 7 1/4 10 1/411 3/4 9 1/2 2.00 750
10000 10.00 8 1/2 1112 1/2 10 1/2 2.50 1200
10375 10.38 8 1/2 11 3/413 1/2 10 7/8 2.50 1200
11625 11.63 10 1/2 1315 12 1/8 3.00 1700
13000 13.00 10 3/4 14 1/216 13 1/2 3.00 1700
14250 14.25 11 15 3/418 1/4 14 1/2 3.00 1700
16000 16.00 12 17 1/220 16 1/2 3.00 1700
16000 16.00 12 18 1/222 17 1/2 3.00 1700
17500 17.50 12 21 1/224 18 1/8 3.00 1700
64
Reduced drillstring vibration
The Rhino* stabilizer signifcantly reduces drillstring vibration in
borehole enlargement operations, thereby increasing the life of
downhole tools and surface equipment; improving ROP; delivering a
smooth, full-gauge borehole; and minimizing the chance of losing the
BHA in the hole.
The tool uses three abrasion-resistant stabilizer blocks with the
Z-Drive* reamer cutter block deployment system. When run above the
Rhino XS* reamer, the Rhino stabilizer provides concentric, stable
points of contact in the enlarged hole section, increasing lateral
support.
Stabilizer Blocks Provide Concentric
Stabilization
Tungsten Carbide
Hardfacing
Z-Drive Tongue
& Groove Actuation
Rhino Stabilizer Block
Diamond-Enhanced
Gauge Inserts
As well profles and the individual components in modern drillstrings become more complex,
minimizing drillstring vibration becomes an increasingly important factor in building a quality
wellbore.
Borehole Enlargement
Rhino Stabilizer
www.slb.com/rhino
Superior wear resistance
Availability of tungsten carbide inserts and diamond-enhanced inserts
in the stabilizer blocks provides superior wear resistance.
Stabilizer activation method is ball drop, the same as the Rhino
XS Reamer.
Confguration is typically run undergauge and 1030 feet above the
Rhino XS Reamer.
65
Borehole Enlargement
Rhino Stabilizer Specifcations
www.slb.com/rhino
Rhino Stabilizer Specifications
Tool Series Overall Body
Diameter, in
Standard Fishing
Neck Diameter, in
Enlarged Hole
Size, in
Minimum Pilot
Hole Size, in
Internal Bore
Diameter, in
Maximum Thru
Flow, gpm
5625 5.62 5 1/4 6 1/27 5 7/8 1.38 350
6125 6.13 5 3/8 77 1/2 6 3/8 1.38 350
7300 7.25 6 1/4 89 7 1/2 1.50 350
8000 8.00 7 1/4 910 1/4 8 1/4 2.00 750
9250 9.25 7 3/4 10 1/411 3/4 9 1/2 2.00 750
10000 10.00 8 1/2 1112 1/2 10 1/2 2.50 1200
10375 10.38 8 1/2 11 3/413 1/2 10 3/4 2.50 1200
11625 11.63 10 1/2 1315 12 1/8 3.00 1700
13000 13.50 11 14 1/216 1/2 13 1/2 3.00 1700
14250 14.25 11 15 3/418 1/4 14 3/4 3.00 1700
16000 16.00 12 17 1/220 16 1/2 3.00 1700
16000 16.00 12 18 1/222 17 1/2 3.00 1700
66
Superior borehole quality and high ROP
The staged hole opener (SHO) incorporates precision-engineered
cutting structures to ensure fast, smoothly drilled, high-quality,
concentric hole opening under a wide range of application
conditions. SHO tools are run successfully on rotary and rotary
steerable assemblies in both straight and deviated holes.While the
overall cutting structure is balanced, it is divided into four sections,
each serving a specifc purpose.
Stage One Pilot Bit
The pilot bit, either fxed cutter or roller cone, drills the initial hole
diameter. A bull nose can also be used to follow a predrilled pilot
hole. SHO assemblies can be used with multiple pilot
confgurations for specifc applications, and can be positioned for
various drillstring confgurations.
Stage two SHO pilot section
The pilot section consists of one or two rows of cutting structures
to recondition the pilot hole and remove any swelling clays or
moving halites. Gauge pads provide initial stabilization as the SHO
begins the staged reaming process to reduce stick/slip, whirling, or
off-center tendencies.
S H O S i 6 1 6
Cutter Size
Blade Count
IDEAS Designed
SHARC Feature
SHO - Staged Hole Opener
Staged Hole Openers Nomenclature
Type Size, in Pilot, in
SHO719 26 22
SHOS516 24 20
SHO516 24 20
SHOSI616 22 19
1
/2
SHO519 17
1
/2 12
1
/4
SHOSI616 17
1
/2 12
1
/4
SHOSI519 17 12
1
/4
SHO716 16 12
1
/4
SHO519 16 12
1
/4
SHO519 14
3
/4 12
1
/4
SHOI616 14
1
/2 10
5
8
SHO519 14 11
SHO516 13
1
/2 8
1
/2
SHO519 12
1
/4 8
1
/2
SHOSI616 12
1
/4 8
1
/2
SHO516 10
5
/8 8
1
/2
SHOI616 9
7
/8 8
1
/2
SHOS516 8
1
/2 6
1
/8
SHOS516 7
1
/2 6
1
/8
Concentric Staged Hole Openers (SHO) from Smith Services have been developed from a
tradition of application know ledge and technical excellence gained from the success of
Quad-D* dual-diameter drift and drill, reaming products.
Borehole Enlargement
Concentric Staged Hole Openers (SHO)
www.slb.com/sho
Stage three SHO pilot conditioning section (PCS)
The cutting structure is designed to minimize work rates on each
cutter position for maximum durability. By stress-relieving the
formation with this intermediate stage, larger-hole drilling can be
done at a more aggressive ROP. The third stage recentralizes the
SHO on the given well trajectory in both vertical and directional
applications. Gauge pads and gauge trimmers provide the main
stabilization for the SHO. Gauge pad lengths in the section may
vary depending on whether the application calls for a near-bit or
drillstring placement.
Stage four SHO reaming section
This cutting structure completes the fnal hole diameter. With the
formation already stress-relieved, the reaming section remains
aggressive even in more competent formations. Gauge trimmers
and spiraled gauge pads ensure good hole quality. Gauge pads in
this section are kept short in length for directional responsiveness.
67
The Reamaster-XTU* forged cutter arm
underreamer, has been designed with two
large, robust cutter arms which facilitate
increased cross-sectional area at the
underreamer cutter pockets. This also
provides more room for larger sealed
bearing and PDC cutters for optimized
underreaming performance. Gun-drilled
ports through the tool deliver more fuid,
giving the operator greater control over the
distribution of fuid across the bit and the
underreamer cutters.
The ability to run more drilling weight on the
tool and spend more time on bottom results
in cost-effective under reaming. The ability to
ensure an existing pilot hole up to 70 percent
makes this product ideal for a range of
drilling and remedial operations.
Customized cutting structures are available
for a broad range of applications and
formation types. Sealed bearing milled tooth
and TCI cutters are designed specifcally for
underreaming operations and are capable of
delivering penetration rates and cutting
structure life comparable to the drill bit. PDC
cutters are also available for long intervals.
TCI Cutter
Milled Tooth
Cutter
Ordering instructions, please specify:
Top and bottom connections
Fishing neck diameter
Opened diameter
Size and weight of casing to be run through, if available
Bullnose ordered separately
Type of cutting structure (milled tooth, TCI or PDC)
U.S. Patent Numbers:
Underreamer 4,660,637
PDC Underreamer
4,431,065
PDC cutter
Borehole Enlargement
Reamaster-XTU Underreamer
www.slb.com/xtu
Fluid fow has been optimized using gun-
drilled ports to deliver more drilling mud to
the underreamer cutters and the drill bit.
This improves hole cleaning effciency and
accommodates the fuid requirements of
other downhole tools.
Features and Benefts
Forged cutter arms to withstand high
shock and torque loads
Sealed bearing cutters to provide longer
on-bottom life
Positive lock to keep arms in the open
position
Optimized fuid distribution
Strategically placed nozzles
Milled tooth, TCI and PDC cutting
structures are available for a broad range
of applications
Applications
Enlarge wellbore size below a restriction
Minimum clearance and expandable
casing programs
Underreaming while drilling
Gravel packs and expandable-screen
completions
Ream out key seats and clean up
downhole ledges
Reamaster-XTU Underreamer Specifications
Tool Series Opening Diameter,
in
Pilot Hole
Size, in
Collapsed
Body
Diameter, in
Fishing Neck
Length, in
Fishing Neck
Diameter, in
Overall
Length,
in
Top Pin/
Bottom Box
Connection,
Reg
Approximate
Weight, lbm
5750 8 1/2, 9 5 7/86 1/2 5 3/4 18 4 3/4 90 3 1/2 500
7200 11, 11 3/4, 12 1/4 7 1/211 7 1/4 18 5 3/4 99 4 1/2 700
8250 9 7/8, 10 5/8, 11,
12 1/4, 13 1/2
8 1/29 7/8 8 1/4 18 5 3/4 123 4 1/2 900
9500 12 1/4, 13 1/2, 15, 16 9 7/812 1/4 9 1/2 24 8 136 6 5/8 1,100
11750 14, 15, 16, 17 1/2 12 1/414 1/2 11 3/4 20 8 130 6 5/8 1,700
16000 20, 22, 24, 26 17 1/222 16 20 10 140 8 5/8 3,200
68
Q D G 5 3 1 6
Cutter Size
Reamer Blades to Full Diameter
Pilot Blade Count
G/R - GeoReam or Reamer Product
Quad-D Technology
Quad-D Nomenclature
The versatility of Quad-D* dual-diamter drift and drill products is best
demon strated by the range of applications that they drill. The
GeoReam* dual-diameter near-bit reamer, is well suited to be run
directly above the pilot bit for directional applications and it is the
recommended alternative to the Quad-D bit in appli cations in which
a PDC cutting structure is not the best option for the pilot bit.
Although compact in length, the stability-enhancing technology used
in the GeoReam ensures optimal hole quality while drilling. With
longer pilot conditioning sections and drill string connections,
Quad-D Reamers are designed to maximize performance in rotary
applications. The longer pilot conditioning section acts like a string
stabilizer to ensure centralization and stabili zation. This tool is
intended to be run with various BHA confgurations, including rotary
steerable systems.
Features and Benefts
Directional & BHA fexibility for precise control of wellbore
Drill-out capability for eliminating trips
Diameter control for full gauge wellbore
Formation-specifc design for optimized drilling effciency
The QDR has drill
collar connections for
string placement
Fishing Neck
8 in 9
7
8in
QDG5216
Tong Neck
8 in 9
7
8in
QDR5313
Type Size, in Drift, in
QDGS7419 32 28
QDG5216 22 18
1
/8
QDG5216 20 16
QDG5216 20 17
QDG5216 17 14
QDG7313 17 13
7
/8
QDG7313 16 13
QDG5313 14 12
QDG5313 13 12
QDG5316 13 12
QDG5216 12 10
5
/8
QDG5313 12 10
5
/8
QDG5216 9
7
/8 8
QDG5313 8 7
QDG5316 7 6
QDG5209 6 5
7
/8
Type Size, in Drift, in
QDRS5216 20 16
QDR5319 19 16
QDRS5313 17 14
QDR5313 17 14
QDR5316 16 14
QDR5313 14 12
QDR5213 14 12
QDR5316 13 12
QDR5313 12 10
5
/8
QDR5313 10 9
QDR5313 9
7
/8 8
QDRS6313 7
1
/8 6
5
/8
Borehole Enlargement
Quad-D Reamer
www.slb.com/quad-d
69
This family of aggressive matrix and steel
body bits is designed to provide durability,
reduce torque response, maintain tangents,
and reduce sliding time without compro-
mising effciency when drilling either foat
equipment or formation. It features a strong,
one-piece construction and a very low
overall height that enhances directional
capabilities when drilling with downhole
motors.
Vibration is controlled by force and mass
balancing, employment of spiral blades and
gauge, asymmetrical blade layout, and use
of Lo-Vibe* inserts. Because of the resulting
bit vibration control, bit rotation is main-
tained about the true bit axis ensuring accu-
Q D S 7 3 1 3
Cutter Size
Reamer Blades to Full Diameter
Pilot Blade Count
M/S - Matrix or Steel
Quad-D Technology
Quad-D Nomenclature
Type Size Availability, in
QDM3209 3 4
1
/8
QDM3309 5
7
/8 6
QDM4209 3 4
1
/8
QDM4213 6 7
QDM7309 6 7
QDM7313 8 9
7
/8, 10
5
/8 12
QDMS4209 3 4
1
/8
QDS3209 4 5
5
/8, 4 5
QDS4209 4 5
5
/8, 6 7
QDS5209 7 8
3
/8
QDS5213 8 9
7
/8, 12 14, 14 17
QDS5216 8 9
7
/8, 14 17
QDS5219 17 20
QDS6309 6 7, 8 9
7
/8
QDS7213 12 14
QDS7309 6 7
QDS7313 7 8, 8 9
7
/8, 9 11, 10
5
/8 12, 16 20
12-in 14-in
QDS7213
Pilot
gauge
section
14-in Hole
Maintained
16-in 20-in
QDS7313PX
Quad-D dual-diameter drift and drill bi-center bits provide hole
opening through installed casing or liner sections.
www.slb.com/quad-d
Borehole Enlargement
Quad-D Bi-Center Bits
rate fnished hole diameter and quality.
Hydraulic ports are positioned to provide
effcient cuttings removal and cleaning of
both the pilot and reaming sections. A unique
gauge profle prevents cutters from
contacting and damaging the casing and
also provides a high degree of stabilization
and gauge protection. Quad-D* dual-diamter
drift and drill bi-center bits have achieved
success in a broad range of applications.
Features and Benefts
Drill-out capability for eliminating trips
Directional responsiveness
for precise control of wellbore
Diameter control for full gauge wellbore
Formation-specifc design for optimized
drilling effciency
70
The three-arm design allows the pilot hole diameter to be increased
up to 75 percent, depending on tool size. Cutters are retracted by
disengaging the pump, allowing the tool to be repositioned for selec-
tive underreaming operations or retrieval from the well. Piston spring
assists with arm retraction following inter ruption of hydraulic pres-
sure.
Features and Benefts
API Reg box down for make up to bit or jetted bullnose
Milled tooth, TCI or PDC cutters
Facilitates fuid passage to the bit or jetted bullnose
Cutter arms changeable quickly on the rig foor
Applications
Wiping out bridges and key seats
Drilling and underreaming in fault zones and swelling formations
Opening the reservoir section for gravel packing
Underreaming while drilling in certain applications
Ordering instructions, please specify:
Tool series
Top and bottom connections
Fishing neck diameter
Expanded diameter
Casing size and weight, when applicable
Bullnose ordered separately
Type of cutting structure (milled tooth,
TCI or PDC)
Bullnose Notes:
Standard bullnose includes
one replaceable down jet
Reverse jet option must be requested
Specify jet size(s)
The Drilling-Type Under reamer (DTU) is designed to run in conjunction with a
drill bit or a bullnose depend ing on pilot hole condition or project objec tives.
The tools three retractable cutting arms are opened and held in position by
continuous hydraulic pressure.
Borehole Enlargement
Drilling-Type Underreamer
www.slb.com/dtu
Bullnose Specifications
Top Pin Connection,
Reg
Body Diameter, in Nominal Length, in
2 5/8 3 5/8 18
3 1/2 4 3/4 36
4 1/2 6 1/4 36
4 1/2 7 1/2 48
6 5/8 8 48
7 5/8 9 48
8 5/8 10 48
Drilling-Type Underreamer Specifications
Tool Series Standard
Opening
Diameter,
in
Optional
Opening
Diameter,
in
Body
Diameter,
in
Collapsed
Diameter,
in
Fishing
Neck
Length,
in
Fishing
Neck
Diameter,
in
Overall
Length,
in
Top Pin/
Bottom Box
Connection,
Reg
Approximate
Weight, lbm
Minimum
Pilot Hole
Diameter,
in
17000 32 2432 17 17 20 9, 10 127 7 5/8, 8 5/8 3,800 17 1/2
22000 36 2836 22 22 20 9, 10 100 7 5/8, 8 5/8 4,400 24
DTU w/ Bullnose
71
The Heavy Duty Hole Openers (HDHO) is designed for use in soft clays and shales to medium-
hard shales and limestones, and is particularly effective in sticky formations where balling
problems are encountered.
Three jets with replaceable nozzles continuously clean the tools
cutting structure, clearing debris build-up and increasing
penetration.

A range of milled tooth and TCI cutting structures are available for a
variety of formation conditions.

The Hole Opener is available in sizes 6 inches through 42 inches,
with hand-tool demountable cutters to speed redress and reduce
downtime.
Features and Benefts
Demountable cutters easily replaced on the rig foor
Three replaceable jets clean cutting surfaces and prevent balling,
ensuring fast penetration and effective hole cleaning
Sealed bearings and TCI cutters available for most hole diameters
Upjets to aid in cuttings removal
Robust tool for drilling longer intervals
HVOF carbide coating to reduce body erosion
Note: Tools 36 in hole size and up are designed with four arms and
cutters.
Applications
Top hole enlargement to accommodate drive pipe, conductor
casings and large-diameter surface casings
Hole opening at river crossings, or other types of formations where
balling problems are encountered
Borehole enlargement in soft to hard formations
Notes: Bullnose is available upon request. Cutter bearing rebuild kits
are available on special order.
Ordering instructions, please specify:
Pilot hole size
Hole opening size
Top and bottom connections, if other than standard
Fishing neck diameter, if other than standard
Milled tooth or TCI cutters
Heavy Duty Hole Openers
with OD less than 26-in have
3 cutters
Heavy Duty Hole Openers
with OD 26-in or larger have
4 cutters
Borehole Enlargement
Heavy-Duty Hole Openers (HDHO)
www.slb.com/hdho
73
Reference Tools
74
Total Flow Area (TFA) of Standard Nozzles, in
2

Number of Nozzles
Nozzle
Size, in
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7/32 0.038 0.075 0.113 0.150 0.188 0.225 0.263 0.301 0.338
8/32 0.049 0.098 0.147 0.196 0.245 0.295 0.344 0.393 0.442
9/32 0.062 0.124 0.186 0.249 0.311 0.373 0.435 0.497 0.559
10/32 0.077 0.153 0.230 0.307 0.383 0.460 0.537 0.614 0.690
11/32 0.093 0.186 0.278 0.371 0.464 0.557 0.650 0.742 0.835
12/32 0.110 0.221 0.331 0.442 0.552 0.663 0.773 0.884 0.994
13/32 0.130 0.259 0.389 0.518 0.648 0.778 0.907 1.037 1.167
14/32 0.150 0.301 0.451 0.601 0.752 0.902 1.052 1.203 1.353
15/32 0.173 0.345 0.518 0.690 0.863 1.035 1.208 1.381 1.553
16/32 0.196 0.393 0.589 0.785 0.982 1.178 1.374 1.571 1.767
17/32 0.222 0.443 0.665 0.887 1.108 1.330 1.552 1.773 1.995
18/32 0.249 0.497 0.746 0.994 1.243 1.491 1.740 1.988 2.237
19/32 0.277 0.554 0.831 1.108 1.384 1.661 1.938 2.215 2.492
20/32 0.307 0.614 0.920 1.227 1.534 1.841 2.148 2.454 2.761
21/32 0.338 0.676 1.015 1.353 1.691 2.029 2.368 2.706 3.044
22/32 0.371 0.742 1.114 1.485 1.856 2.227 2.599 2.970 3.341
23/32 0.406 0.811 1.217 1.623 2.029 2.434 2.840 3.246 3.652
24/32 0.442 0.884 1.325 1.767 2.209 2.651 3.093 3.534 3.976
25/32 0.479 0.959 1.438 1.917 2.397 2.876 3.356 3.835
26/32 0.518 1.037 1.555 2.074 2.592 3.111 3.629
27/32 0.559 1.118 1.677 2.237 2.796 3.355 3.914
28/32 0.601 1.203 1.804 2.405 3.007 3.608
29/32 0.645 1.290 1.935 2.580 3.225 3.870
30/32 0.690 1.381 2.071 2.761 3.451
31/32 0.737 1.474 2.211 2.948 3.685
32/32 0.785 1.571 2.356 3.142 3.927
Reference
Total fow area chart
75
Reference
Recommended fxed cutter bit makeup torque
Recommended Makeup Torque Diamond & Fixed Cutter Drill Bits With Pin Connections
API Reg Connection Size, in Bit Sub OD, in Minimum, ft.lbf Normal, ft.lbf Maximum, ft.lbf
2 3/8
3 1,970 2,280 2,450
3 1/8 2,660 3,100 3,300
3 1/4 3,400 3,950 4,200
2 7/8
3 1/2 3,380 3,950 4,200
3 3/4 & Larger 5,080 5,900 6,300
3 1/2
4 1/8 5,700 6,600 7,000
4 1/4 6,940 8,050 8,550
4 1/2 & Larger 8,400 9,850 10,500
4 1/2
5 1/2 13,700 16,600 17,000
5 3/4 18,100 21,100 22,400
4 1/2 & Larger 18,550 21,600 22,900
6 5/8
7 1/2 40,670 47,300 50,200
7 3/4 & Larger 41,050 47,800 50,750
7 5/8
8 1/2 53,100 61,850 65,670
8 3/4 63,500 73,750 78,300
9 & Larger 68,600 79,800 84,750
8 5/8
10 96,170 102,600 108,950
10 1/4 & Larger 107,580 114,700 121,800
Notes:
1. Recommended make-up torque dictated by all BHA components
2. Higher makeup torque values within the above ranges are recommended when high WOB is used.
3. Box connection bits should use makeup torque values between Minimum and Normal.
4. All connections must be lubricated with a joint compound meeting API requirements.
Bit size, in Fixed Cutter, in Roller Cone, in
6 3/4 and smaller -0.015 +0.00 -0.0 +1/32
6 25/32 to 9 -0.020 +0.00 -0.0 +1/32
9 1/32 to 13 3/4 -0.030 +0.00 -0.0 +1/32
13 25/32 to 17 1/2 -0.045 +0.00 -0.0 +1/16
17 17/32 and larger -0.063 +0.00 -0.0 +3/32
Size Range API Pin Size Recommended Torque
in mm in mm ft.lbf N.m
3
1
/2 4
1
/2
4
5
/8 5
89 114
118 127
2
3
/8 Reg
2
7
/8 Reg
60
73
3,000 3,500
4,500 5,500
4,000 4,800
6,000 7,500
5
1
/8 7
3
/8
7
1
/2 9
137 187
194 229
3
1
/2 Reg
4
1
/2 Reg
89
114
7,000 9,000
12,000 16,000
9,500 12,000
16,000 22,000
9
1
/2 28

241 711

6
5
/8 Reg 168 28,000 32,000 38,000 43,000
14
3
/4 28

18
1
/2 28

375 711

470 711

6
5
/8 Reg or 7
5
/8 Reg
7
5
/8 Reg or 8
5
/8 Reg
168 or 194
194 or 219
34,000 40,000
40,000 60,000
46,000 54,000
54,000 81,000
Makeup torque must correspond to API pin connection for each bit size.
Note: Some of the above bit sizes are available on special order with alternate pin connections.
Recommended roller cone bit makeup torque
API gauge tolerances for fxed cutter and roller cone bits
76
Reference
Field operating procedures for fxed cutter and roller cone drill bits
BIT PREPARATION
Bit Handling at rig site
Bit cutting elements with diamond both fxed cutter and roller cone
bits, are brittle and susceptible to impact damage. Care should be
taken when handling or removing any bit containing diamond-
cutting elements.
Do not drop the bit even if it is in the container.
Use a piece of wood or rubber under the bit face.
Bit Inspection
Inspect bit for integrity (cutting elements, pin connection and
makeup shoulder).
Ensure there are no foreign objects or obstructions in the internal
fuid passageways.
Verify TFA on bits with fxed TFA.
Record bit size, type and serial number.

Nozzle Installation
Ensure that nozzle series are correct for bit type.
Gauge the orifce size of every nozzle to ensure proper total fow
area (TFA).
Remove the plastic plug and ensure that O-rings are properly
installed and seated.
If different size nozzles are to be used ensure that the correct
sized nozzles are in the correct place. Put bigger size nozzles in
the in the center of the bit.
Ensure that the threads are clean and greased (any petroleum-
based grease). Fixed cutter bits with matrix threads should not be
greased.
Grease the nozzle body below the threads to prevent O-ring
damage.
Screw the nozzle in by hand until snug.
Use nozzle wrench for fnal tightening. Excessive force is not
necessary and can damage the carbide nozzle.
If nozzle sizes below 9/32 are to be used, recommend the use of
drill pipe screens and / or a foat to prevent reverse circulation
plugging. Use grasshoppers if necessary.
Makeup
Ensure that the appropriate bit breaker is with the bit. Inspect to
insure good condition and that it fts properly.
Remove the bit from the box and place face down on a piece of
wood or rubber.
Engage the bit breaker with the bit and move them onto the rotary
table.
A foat above the bit should be installed, especially on extended
nozzle roller cone bits, in areas that tend to plug.
Engage the hanging box connection to the doped threads of the bit
pin.
Proper makeup for small diameter bits is to makeup by hand for
several turns, then place in the bit breaker and makeup to the
recommended torque.
Uncover the rotary and locate the bit and breaker onto the breaker
holder.
Makeup applying the recommended torque.
Makeup torque specifcations are from API spec RP7G.
Roller Cone Bits
Keep BHA as vertical as possible when making up bit to ensure no
damaging contact between the nozzles (full-extended or minis)
and the bit breaker occurs.

TRIPPING IN THE HOLE
Identify potential problem areas before tripping. Trip slowly
through BOP, doglegs, tight spots, ledges, casing shoes, cementing
equipment, etc. Wash and or ream as necessary. Severe problems
may require a special cleanup run.
Roller cone bit legs will yield slightly and the bit can be rotated
slightly in order to pass through some tight spots. Fixed cutter bits
do not yield. Bits with PDC cutting elements are susceptible to
impact damage. PDC bits are more susceptible to damage during
tripping in the hole than roller cone bits.
Certain types of fxed cutter bits with low junk slot area can create
higher surge and swab pressures than roller cone bits due to more
restrictive annular space.
Local knowledge/practice will typically dictate wash down and
reaming procedures. Minimum recommendation is to wash down
at least the last joint to bottom at reaming speed with full
circulation. Preference is to ream the last stand / 90 feet at
reaming speed with full circulation.
TAGGING BOTTOM
Approach the hole bottom cautiously, monitoring WOB and torque.
An increase in WOB or torque will indicate either contact with the
hole bottom or fll. Fixed cutter bits will typically show an increase
in torque frst. Bit is on bottom when torque increases with the
WOB. Difference between measured depth and contact point
should be depth of fll.
If fll is present, pick up above the fll and rotate to bottom with full
circulation until bottomhole contact is assured. Regardless if fll is
present, the pipe should always be reciprocated off-bottom.
On rotary assemblies, use a maximum of 500 pounds per inch of
bit diameter, 40 to 60 rpm.
On motor assemblies, use a maximum of 500 pounds per inch of
bit diameter and the minimum allowable rpm.
Do not use high WOB when in fll. This could cause the bit to
ball.
Circulate and rotate off-bottom (as close as possible preferably
less than 6 in, no more than 1 foot) enough (5 to 15 minutes,
application dependent, recommend 15 min as minimum) to ensure
the hole bottom is clear of fll or junk.
77
Reference
Field operating procedures for fxed cutter and roller cone drill bits
DRILLING CEMENT PLUGS, FLOAT EQUIPMENT AND
CASING SHOES
When using fxed cutter bits to drill out, ensure that all cementing
equipment (plugs, foat collars and shoes) is PDC drillable (non-
metallic, rubber, nylon, plastic or cement).
Recommend the use of non-rotating plugs. Alternatively, it is
preferable when cementing to pump some cement on top of the
plug to help prevent it from rotating during drill out.
Using the maximum allowable fow rate to assist cleaning is
preferred, but may not be possible with motor assemblies.
Procedure
Frequently raising and lowering the bit while continuing circulation
and rotation will help keep the bit clear of debris. Flushing after
every 1 to 2 in drilled while reciprocating 3 to 4 feet will ensure
debris is removed and new material is being drilled. Should the
penetration rate decrease suddenly, repeat this step until it
resumes.
Do not spud. Spudding (impacting on the hole-bottom) can damage
cutting structure elements on both fxed cutter and roller cone
bits. It can also damage the roller cone bearing / seal system.
Monitor pump pressure to ensure nozzles do not become plugged.
Change rpm if bouncing or erratic torque is encountered.
Fixed Cutter Bits
On rotary, use the maximum fow rate with less than 6000 lbf WOB
and 60-100 rpm.
On motor assemblies, drill with less than 6000 lbf WOB and the
minimum allowable rotary rpm. Local practice will dictate fow rate
as a compromise is needed between providing adequate cleaning
and minimum rpm.
Maintain low and consistent torque.
Roller Cone Bits
On rotary, drill with 2000 to 3000 lbf per inch of bit diameter and 40
to 60 rpm.
On motor assemblies, drill with 2000 to 3000 lbf per inch of bit
diameter and the minimum allowable rotary rpm. Local practice
will dictate fow rate as a compromise is needed between
providing adequate cleaning and minimum rpm.
Bouncing or erratic torque may indicate locked cones. Temporarily
increase the weight to ensure cone rotation, then reciprocate the
bit slightly off-bottom while continuing circulation and rotation to
help clean the bit. Resume with original parameters when the
bouncing or erratic torque has been eliminated.
Maintain minimum WOB / torque to prevent wiper plugs from
rotating. Erratic torque may indicate a rotating plug.
Rotating Plugs
Should a plug begin to rotate, set down on plug with no rpm
Increase WOB until 2000 to 3000 lbs. per inch of bit diameter is
reached or alternatively an increase of 300 psi over the normal
standpipe occurs.
Then begin rotation, ending with 40 to 60 rpm.
Repeat until penetration is achieved and wiper plug is drilled.
Alternative procedure (last resort)
Rotate bit at 20-40 rpm
Use 500 pounds / inch of bit diameter
Alternate using no fow rate for 1 minute to full fow for 30 seconds.
ESTABLISHMENT OF Bottomhole PATTERN
Bottomhole pattern break-in is considered to be when a new bit
achieves uniform cutting structure loading. Proper break-in is
critical to durability and ROP.
After drilling out the casing shoe, establish the bottomhole pattern.
There may be some BHA dictated WOB and rpm guidelines until
the BHA is below the casing shoe. Optimization of WOB and rpm
may have to wait until the BHA or some portion of the BHA has
cleared the casing shoe.
Use extra care establishing a new bottomhole pattern when
following a bit with a substantially different bottomhole profle,
e.g., a PDC bit following a roller cone bit or vice-versa.
Roller cone bits typically drill a larger size hole than a fxed cutter
bit. Be sure to properly establish the bottomhole pattern when
following a roller cone bit in order to insure stability.
Establishment of bottomhole pattern can be dependent upon
factors such as bit design, BHA, etc.
Roller Cone Bits
Break-in is done with light WOB and slow rpm and a new
bottomhole pattern is normally achieved within 3 to 6 inches
(assuming no tracking or off-center rotation).
On rotary, use a maximum of 500 pounds per inch of bit diameter
with 40 to 60 rpm.
On motor assemblies, use a maximum of 500 pounds per inch of bit
diameter and the minimum allowable rpm keep rotary rpm to a
minimum 20 30 rpm. Minimum allowable motor rpm can be
formation dependent.
Soft, balling formations should be entered with full fow rate. At
that point, WOB and rpm can be gradually increased to typically
operating levels or to initial drill-off test levels. Increase WOB frst
then rpm.
Reference
Field operating procedures for fxed cutter and roller cone drill bits
78
Reference
Field operating procedures for fxed cutter and roller cone drill bits
Fixed Cutter Bits
Although a new bottomhole pattern is created in less than a bit
diameter, it is preferred to drill 3 to 5 feet before increasing WOB
and rpm.
For starting parameters, use maximum fow rate, less than 6000
lbs. WOB and 60-100 rpm.
Maintain low and consistent torque changing operating
parameters as needed.
Take extreme care following a coring operation or bits of different
types or profles. A different existing profle can overload specifc
cutting elements potentially causing a premature failure
RUNNING THE BIT
Controlled Drilling
If in or encountering a known hard or abrasive formation of short
length with a dull bit, controlled drilling (sacrifcing ROP) through
the interval may enhance the following bits performance. The dull
condition and bit type will determine the feasibility. Monitor the
ROP and torque, follow the recommendations for evaluating ROP
and torque as listed below. Proceed only if ROP and increased risk
is acceptable to the customer.
Deviation & Directional Control
Deviation concerns may override optimum WOB used. Typically
minimum WOB is used to control deviation on rotary assemblies.
Monitor deviation on straight holes. Reduce WOB to maximum
allowable to maintain deviation specifed by customer. Monitor for
vibration. Generally, increase rpm to improve ROP.
Higher torque and higher speed changes bit walk direction by
making the bit attack the formation at different angle due to higher
torque. The bit tries to climb the hole wall at a different position at
different torque levels. High speed on turbines can make the bit
change direction completely.
Formation Changes
Formation changes can instigate both torsional and lateral
vibrations. Monitor and adjust accordingly.
When anticipating a harder/more diffcult formation, to prevent
impact damage, reduce the rpm maintaining WOB while still in the
softer formation to help prevent initiation of lateral or torsional
vibrations when the hard formation is encountered. After the
formation is encountered, adjust the parameters or perform a drill-
off test.
If an unknown formation (anomaly/transition) is expected, reduce
the rpm and the WOB to a minimum accepted level. Establish ROP
and torque baselines at these levels. Monitor ROP and torque to
determine when formation has been encountered and when
through the anomaly.
Operational Parameter Guidelines
Optimum WOB and rpm determined are for a particular application
and can only be continuously used in a homogeneous formation.
Therefore in intervals of various formations, ROP optimization tests
will not produce the optimum weight and rotary combination.
Drill off tests will be necessary anytime the formation changes.
Typically a range of WOB and rpm combinations is derived for the
interval, e.g., interbedded formations.
PULLING THE BIT
When economics dictates.
When ROP dictates.
Loss of directional characteristics
Loss of pump pressure due to a washout.
Roller Cone Bit
When a substantial increase or dramatic fuctuation in torque is
seen with low or high WOB and low ROP or when tagging bottom.
Magnitude is typically area and application dependent.
There is no 100% effective/reliable indicator.
The best indicator is dramatic fuctuations of torque when tagging
bottom.
79
Standard Measurement Units
Quantity/Property Units Multiply By To Obtain Symbol
Depth ft 0.3048 meters m
Weight on bit (WOB) lbf 0.445
4.535 x 10
-4
decanewton
tonne
daN
tonne
Nozzle size 32nds in 0.794 millimeters mm
Drill rate ft/hr 0.3048 meters/hour m/hr
Volume barrels
galUS/stroke
0.1590
3.785 x 10
-3
cubic meters
cubic meters/stroke
m
3
m
3
/stroke
Pump output and fow rate galUS/min
bbl/stroke
bbl/min
3.875 x 10
-3
an oil barrel is
0.159873 x m
3
exactly
0.1590
cubic meters/minute
cubic meters/stroke
cubic meters/minute
m
3
/min
m
3
/stroke
m
3
/min
Annular velocity and
slip velocity
ft/min 0.3048 meters/minute m/min
Linear length and
diameter
in 25.4 millimeters mm
Pressure psi 6.895
0.006895
0.06895
kilopascals
megapascals
bar
kPa
MPa
bar
Mud density lbm/galUS 119.83 kilograms/cubic meter kg/m
3
Mud gradient psi/ft 22.621 kilopascals/meter kPa/m
Funnel viscosity s/qt (US) 1.057 seconds/liters s/l
Apparent and plastic
viscosity yield point
centipoise 1 millipascal seconds mPa.s
Gel strength and stress lbf/100ft
2
0.4788 (0.5 for feld use) pascals Pa
Cake thickness 32nds in 0.794 millimeters mm
Filter loss mm or cc 1 cubic centimeters cm
3
Torque ft.lbf 1.3358 newton meters N.m
Drilling Formulas
Cost per Foot (CPF)
CPF =
Bit Cost + Rig Cost (Trip Time + Drilling Time)
Footage Drilled
Pressure Drop (D)
P =
Flow Rate
2
x Mud Weight
10,856 x TFA
2
Hydraulic Horsepower (HHP)
HHP =
(Bit Pressure Drop) (Flow Rate)
1,714
Hole Area (A
h
)
A
h
=
x Hole Diameter
2
4
Hydraulic HP per Square Inch (HSI)
HSI =
Hydraulic Horsepower
Hole Area, in
2
Flow Rate (Q) = (Pump Stks x Output/stk)
Bit Pres. Drop (P
bit
) = (MWt. x Q
2
)/(10858 x TFA
2
)
Hydraulic Horsepower (HHP
bit
) = (P
bit
x Q)/(1714)
HSI = (HHP
bit
)/(.7854 x D
2
)
Jet Velocity (JV) = (.32086 x Q)/(TFA)
Impact Force (IF) = (JV)x(MWt)x(Q)x(.000516)
MWt = Mud Weight TFA = Nozzle Flow Area D = Bit Diameter
Reference
Measurement units and drilling formulas
80
Drill Collar Weight (Steel), lbm/ft
Drill Collar ID, in
D
r
i
l
l

C
o
l
l
a
r

O
D
,

i
n
1 1
1
/4 1
1
/2 1
3
/4 2 2
1
/4 2
1
/2 2
3
/4 3 3
1
/4 3
1
/2 3
3
/4 4
2 7/8 19 18 16
3 21 20 18
3 1/8 22 22 20
3 1/4 26 24 22
3 1/2 30 29 27
3 3/4 35 33 32
4 40 39 37 35 32 29
4 1/8 43 41 39 37 35 32
4 1/4 46 44 42 40 38 35
4 1/2 51 50 48 46 43 41
4 3/4 54 52 50 47 44
5 61 59 56 53 50
5 1/4 68 65 63 60 57
5 1/2 75 73 70 67 64 60
5 3/4 82 80 78 75 72 67 64 60
6 90 88 85 83 79 75 72 68
6 1/4 98 96 94 91 88 83 80 76 72
6 1/2 107 105 102 99 96 91 89 85 80
6 3/4 116 114 111 108 105 100 98 93 89
7 125 123 120 117 114 110 107 103 98 93 84
7 1/4 134 132 130 127 124 119 116 112 108 103 93
7 1/2 144 142 139 137 133 129 126 122 117 113 102
7 3/4 154 152 150 147 144 139 136 132 128 113 112
8 165 163 160 157 154 150 147 143 138 133 122
8 1/4 176 174 171 168 165 160 158 154 149 144 133
8 1/2 187 185 182 179 176 172 169 165 160 155 150
9 210 208 206 203 200 195 192 188 184 179 174
9 1/2 234 232 230 227 224 220 216 212 209 206 198
9 3/4 248 245 243 240 237 232 229 225 221 216 211
10 261 259 257 254 251 246 243 239 235 230 225
11 317 315 313 310 307 302 299 295 291 286 281
12 379 377 374 371 368 364 361 357 352 347 342
Reference
Drill collar specifcations
81
Reference
Conversion factors
Fraction to Decimal
English and Metric
English and Metric
1
/64 .0156
17
/64 .2656
33
/64 .5156
49
/64 .7656
1
/32 .0312
9
/32 .2812
17
/32 .5312
25
/32 .7812
3
/64 .0468
19
/64 .2968
35
/64 .5468
51
/64 .7968
1
/16 .0625
5
/16 .3125
9
/16 .5625
13
/16 .8125
1
/64 .0781
21
/64 .3281
37
/64 .5781
53
/64 .8281
3
/32 .0937
11
/32 .3437
19
/32 .5937
27
/32 .8437
7
/64 .1093
23
/64 .3593
39
/64 .6093
55
/64 .8593
1
/8 .1250
3
/8 .3750
5
/8 .6250
7
/8 .8750
9
/64 .1406
25
/64 .3906
41
/64 .6406
57
/64 .8906
5
/32 .1562
13
/32 .4062
21
/32 .6562
29
/32 .9062
11
/64 .1718
27
/64 .4218
43
/64 .6718
59
/64 .9218
3
/16 .1875
7
/16 .4375
11
/16 .6875
15
/16 .9375
13
/64 .2031
29
/64 .4531
45
/64 .7031
61
/64 .9531
7
/32 .2187
15
/32 .4687
23
/32 .7187
31
/32 .9687
15
/64 .2343
31
/64 .4843
47
/64 .7343
63
/64 .9843
1
/4 .2500
1
/2 .5000
3
/4 .7500 1 .10000
Multiply By To Obtain
Acres 43,560 Square feet
Acres 0.001562 Square miles
Acres 4,840 Square yards
Barrels, water 31.5 Gallons
Barrels, water 263 Pounds
Barrels, oil (API) 42.0 Gallons
Barrels per day 0.02917 Gallons per minute
Centimeter 0.3937 Inches
Cubic centimeters 0.006102 Cubic inches
Cubic feet 1,728 Cubic inches
Cubic feet 0.03704 Cubic yards
Cubic feet 7.481 Gallons
Cubic feet 0.1781 Barrels (oilfeld)
Cubic feet 28.3160 Liters
Cubic feet 0.03704 Cubic yards
Cubic feet per minute 0.4719 Liter per second
Cubic inches 16.3871 Cubic centimeters
Cubic yards 27 Cubic feet
Cubic yards 0.764555 Cubic meters
Degrees (angle) 0.01745 Radians
Degree Fahrenheit (F) [Degree F-32]1.8 (or x 5/9) Degree Celsius (C)
Feet 30.48 Centimeters
Feet 12 Inches
Feet 0.3048 Meters
Feet .0001894 Miles
Feet of water (depth) .4335 Pounds per square inch
Feet 0.3048 Meters
Foot pounds 1.35582 Joules
Foot pounds 0.138255 Meter-kilograms
Furlongs 660 Feet
Gallons (imperial) 1.209 Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons (imperial) 4.54609 Liters
Gallons (U.S.) 3,785.434 Cubic centimeters
Gallons (U.S.) .02381 Barrels, oil
Gallons (U.S.) .1337 Cubic feet
Gallons (U.S.) 3.785 Liters
Gallons per minute .002228 Cubic feet per second
Gallons per minute 34,286 Barrels per day
Grains 64.79891 Milligrams
Grains .03527 Ounces
Inches .08333 Feet
Inches 25.4 Millimeters
Inches of water .03613 Pounds per square inch
Kilometers 3,281 Feet
Kilometers .6214 Miles
Kilometers per hour .6214 Miles per hour
Knots 6,080 Feet
Knots 1.152 Miles
Knots per hour 1.152 Miles per hour
Liters .03531 Cubic feet
Liters .2642 Gallons
Meters 3.281 Feet
Meters 39.37 Inches
Meters 1.094 Yards
Miles 5,280 Feet
Miles 1.609 Kilometers
Miles 1,760 Yards
Miles per hour 88 Feet per minute
Miles per hour 1.609 Kilometers per hour
Miles per hour .8684 Knots per hour
Minutes .01667 Hours
Minutes (angle) .0002909 Radians
Minutes (angle) 60 Seconds (angle)
Ounces (fuid) 1.805 Cubic inches
Ounces per cubic inch 1.72999 Grams per cubic centimeter
Paschal (unit
or force, pressure)
1.0
Newton per square
meter
Pints 28.87 Cubic inches
Pints .125 Gallons
Pounds 453.6 Grams
Pounds .4536 Kilograms
Pounds of water .01602 Cubic feet of water
Pounds of water 27.68 Cubic inches of water
Pounds of water .1198 Gallons
Pounds per cubic foot .01602 Grams per cubic centimeter
Pounds per cubic foot 16.0185 Kilograms per cubic meter
Pounds per square foot 4.88241 Kilograms per square meter
Pounds per square foot 47.8803 Newtons per square meter
Pounds per square inch 2.307 Feet of water
Pounds per square inch 2.036 Inches of mercury
Pounds per square inch 0.689476 Newtons per square centimeter
Quarts (U.S.) 57.75 Cubic inches
Quarts (U.S.) 57.75 Cubic centimeters
Quarts (U.S.) 0.946331 Liters
Radians 57.30 Degrees
Radians per second 9.549 Revolutions per minute
Square centimeters .1550 Square inches
Square feet 144 Square inches
Square feet .00002296 Acres
Square feet 929 Square centimeters
Square inches 6.4516 Square centimeters
Square inches .006944 Square feet
Square miles 640 Acres
Square miles 2.59 Square kilometers
Square kilometer 247.1 Acres
Square meters 10.76 Square feet
Square meters .0002471 Acres
Square yards 9 Square feet
Square yards .8361 Square meters
Temperature
(degrees Cent.)
1.8 (add 32 deg.) Temp. (degrees Fahr.)
Temperature
(degrees Fahr.)
5/9 or 0.5556
(subtract 32 deg.)
Temp. (degree Cent.)
Tons (long) 2,240 Pounds
Tons (metric) 2,205 Pounds
Tons (short) 2,000 Pounds
Yards .9144 Meters
Yards 91.44 Centimeters
82
Reference
Buoyancy factor
Buoyancy Factor k
Mud Density
k
Mud Density
k kg/l lbm/galUS lbm/ft
3
kg/l lbm/galUS lbm/ft
3
1.00 8.35 62.4 0.873 1.62 13.52 101.2 0.793
1.02 8.51
63.7 0.869 1.64 13.68 102.4 0.791
1.04 8.68 64.9 0.867 1.66 13.85 103.7 0.789
1.06 8.85 66.2 0.864 1.68 14.02 104.9 0.786
1.08 9.01 67.4 0.862 1.70 14.18 106.2 0.783
1.10 9.18 68.7 0.859 1.72 14.35 107.4 0.781
1.12 9.31 69.9 0.857 1.74 14.52 108.7 0.779
1.14 9.51 71.2 0.854 1.76 14.68 109.9 0.776
1.16 9.68 72.4 0.852 1.78 14.85 111.2 0.773
1.18 9.85 73.7 0.849 1.80 15.02 112.4 0.771
1.20 10.01 74.9 0.847 1.82 15.18 113.7 0.768
1.22 10.18 76.2 0.844 1.84 15.35 114.9 0.765
1.24 10.35 77.47 0.842 1.86 15.53 116.2 0.763
1.26 10.52 78.7 0.839 1.88 15.69 117.4 0.760
1.28 10.68 79.9 0.837 1.90 15.86 118.7 0.758
1.30 10.85 81.2 0.834 1.92 16.02 119.9 0.755
1.32 11.02 82.4 0.832 1.94 16.18 121.2 0.752
1.34 11.18 83.7 0.829 1.96 16.36 122.4 0.749
1.36 11.35 84.9 0.827 1.98 16.53 123.7 0.747
1.38 11.52 86.2 0.824 2.00 16.69 124.9 0.745
1.40 11.68 87.4 0.822 2.02 16.86 126.2 0.742
1.42 11.85 88.7 0.819 2.04 17.02 127.4 0.739
1.44 12.02 89.9 0.817 2.06 17.18 128.7 0.737
1.46 12.18 91.2 0.814 2.08 17.36 129.9 0.734
1.48 12.35 92.4 0.812 2.10 17.53 131.2 0.732
1.50 12.52 93.7 0.809 2.12 17.69 132.4 0.729
1.52 12.68 94.9 0.837 2.14 17.86 133.7 0.727
1.54 12.85 96.2 0.804 2.16 18.02 134.9 0.725
1.56 13.02 97.4 0.801 2.18 18.19 136.2 0.722
1.58 13.18 98.7 0.798 2.20 18.36 137.4 0.719
1.60 13.35 99.9 0.796 2.22 18.54 1338.7 0.717
Apparent weight = Real Weight x Buoyancy Factor
hence: Buoyancy Factor (k) = 1
Mud Density
Steel Density
-
83
Reference
Fixed cutter bit nozzle installation
Correct Nozzle Installation Helps Prevent Washouts
Remove the plastic plug and the O-ring from each nozzle port.
Grease the O-ring and replace it in the O-ring groove.
Do not grease nozzles in Matrix bits before installation.
Lightly grease nozzles in Steel bits and screw into jet ports.
Hand tighten the nozzle with a tee wrench until snug.
Damage may occur if a cheater bar is used on the tee wrench handle.
Wrenches
Series 30: 60007986
Series 40: 60018251
Series 50: 60024519
Series 60: 60003448
Vortexx 60: 60005675
O-Ring Series
Series 30: 60007985
Series 40: 60007985
Series 50: 60019245
Series 60 / Vortexx 60: 60003276
N30 Series N40 Series N50 Series N60 Series
Nozzle or Port
Size, in
Nozzle Series Port
30 40 50 60 Steel Matrix
07/32 X X X
08/32 X X X X X X
09/32 X X X X X X
10/32 X X X X X X
11/32 X X X X X X
12/32 X X X X X X
13/32 X X X X X
14/32 X X X
15/32 X X X
16/32 X X X
17/32 X
18/32 X
19/32
20/32 X
21/32
22/32 X
Empty Area 0.1503 in 0.1385 in 0.1963 in 0.3718 in
Nozzle and Port Size Availability for PDC bits
84
Series
Nozzle Size, X/32 in
Empty jet
TFA, in
2
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 28 30 32
55 X X X X X X X X X X 0.196
65 X X X X X X X X X X X X 0.307
70 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0.65
72 X X X X X X X X X X 0.65
74 X X X X X X X X X X X 0.65
75 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0.69
91 X X X X X X X X X 0.899
95 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0.899
97 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0.899
98 X X X X X X X X X X X X 0.899
99 X X X X X X X X X X X X 0.899
100 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1.629
101 X X X X X X X X 1.629
105 X X X X X X X X X X 1.629
Reference
Nozzle comparison chart
Physical Nozzle Size Availability Chart (Roller Cones)
Jet Boss Series Standard Diverging Mini Extended Nozzles
55
55 Series
70
70 Series 71 Series 72 Series 74 Series
95
95 Series 91 Series 97 Series 98 Series 99 Series
100
100 Series 101 Series 105 Series
85
Reference
Roller Cone Diverging Nozzle Hydraulics Chart
Physical Nozzle Size, in Pressure Nozzle Size, in Equivalent Pressure Area, in
2
8/32 10/32 0.007
9/32 11/32 0.093
10/32 12/32 0.110
11/32 13/32 0.130
12/32 14/32 0.150
13/32 16/32 0.196
14/32 17/32 0.222
15/32 18/32 0.249
16/32 19/32 0.277
17/32 20/32 0.307
18/32 21/32 0.338
19/32 22/32 0.371
20/32 24/32 0.442
22/32 26/32 0.518
24/32 28/32 0.601
Approximately 20% of the total fow should be programmed through center jet.
Note: For hydraulic calculations, determine the corresponding equivalent
nozzle size for the spesifc diverging nozzle size.
For example 12/32 is the equivalent nozzle size in hydraulic calculations for a
10/32 diffuser nozzle size.
86
Reference
Nozzle types and applications for roller cone bits
Milled Tooth Series
Jet/Air
Series
TCI Series All Three-Cone Bits
Bit Size, in
Open
Bearing
Sealed
Bearing
ALL
Sealed/
Journal
Bearing
TCT,
Two-Cone
Outer Jets
Full-
Extended
Tubes
Q-Tubes
Mini-Jets
MT TCI
3 1/8 5 1/2 55 55
5 7/8 6 3/4 70 70 70 70 72/74 72/74
7 3/8 7 5/8 95 95 95 95
7 7/8 8 3/8 95 95 95 95 70 97 98
8 1/2 8 3/4 95 95 95 95 70 97 98
9 1/2 9 7/8 95 95 95 95 95 97 98/99
10 5/8 12 1/4 95 95 95 95 95 70 95 97/98 98/99
13 1/2 14 3/4 100 100 100 100 70 100 105 105
16 28 100 100 100 100 95 100 105 105
Center jet retention systems
Bit Size Range, in
Three-Cone
Open Bearing
Three-Cone
Closed Bearing
TCT Bits
6 1/8 6 3/4 65
7 1/2 7 5/8 70 Long 70 Long 70 Long
7 7/8 70 Long 70 Long 70 Long
8 1/2 9 70 Short 70 Short 70 Short
9 1/2 14 3/4 95 95 95
16 20 100 Short 100 Short 100 Short
22 28 100 Long 100 Long 100 Long
Center jet component list
87
Reference
6 5/8 in API pin restrictor nozzle
The pin restrictor nozzle is used in special applications for mud
motors that require high bit pressure drops (650 850 psi) during
operation. Pin restrictors are designed to split the total bit pressure
drop between a nozzle in the pin and the bit jet nozzles. Installing a
pin restrictor allows larger nozzles to be installed in the bit face
reducing the jet nozzle velocity and bit body erosion.
Pin restrictors are installed in the pin of the bit and require a modifed
pin for installation. The modifcation can be made on the bit when
frst built, or it can be retroftted after the bit is manufactured. Two
sleeves are designed to ft into the modifed pin. A nozzle sleeve can
be installed when a pin restrictor is required. A blank sleeve can be
installed when no pin restrictor is required.
Pin restrictors do not run as effciently as standard jet nozzles. An
Excel spreadsheet has been developed to aid in the selection of the
pin restrictor and outer nozzle sizes. Contact your Smith Bits repre-
sentative for the spreadsheet prior to running a pin restrictor nozzle
in a bit.
6 5/8 in API Pin restrictor assembly with nozzles
88
Reference
Maximum cone dimensions Approximate bit weights
for three-cone rock bits
Size Range
Maximum
Diameter
Maximum
Length
Milled Tooth
Approx. Weight
TCI
Approx. Weight
in mm in mm in mm lbm kg lbm kg
3
1
/2 3
7
/8 89 98 2
3
/8 60 1
5
/8 41 10 5 12 5
4
3
/4 121 2
7
/8 73 2
1
/8 54 15 7 20 9
5
7
/8 6
1
/4 149 150 4
1
/4 108 3
1
/8 79 35 16 45 20
6
1
/2 6
3
/4 165 172 4
1
/2 114 3
1
/2 89 45 20 55 25
7
3
/8 8 187 203 5
1
/4 133 4 102 75 34 85 39
8
1
/8 8
1
/2 206 216 5
7
/8 149 4
1
/8 105 90 41 95 43
8
5
/8 9 219 229 6
1
/8 156 4
5
/8 117 95 43 100 45
9
1
/8 9
1
/2 232 241 6
1
/2 165 4
3
/8 111 125 57 130 59
9
5
/8 9
7
/8 245 251 6
3
/4 171 4
3
/4 121 135 61 145 66
10 10
5
/8 254 270 7
1
/4 184 5
1
/2 140 165 75 175 180
11 11
7
/8 279 302 7
7
/8 200 5
7
/8 149 195 89 210 95
12 12
1
/4 305 311 8 203 6
1
/8 156 205 93 225 102
13
1
/4 15 337 381 9
5
/8 244 7
5
/8 194 345 157 380 173
16 406 10
1
/4 260 8
1
/8 206 410 186 450 205
17
1
/2 445 11
1
/2 292 8
5
/8 219 515 234 545 248
18
1
/2 470 12 305 9 229 525 239 570 259
20 508 12
1
/2 318 9
5
/8 244 625 284 700 318
22 559 13
3
/4 349 10
1
/2 267 1,000 455 1,170 532
24 610 15
1
/4 387 11
1
/4 286 1,385 629 1,400 636
26 660 16 406 12
3
/4 324 1,450 659 1,550 704
28 711 17 432 13 330 1,550 704 1,650 750
89
Series
Nozzles Size, x/32 in Empty
Jet
TFA, in
2
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 28 30 32
55 X X X X X X X X X X 0,196
65 X X X X X X X X X X X X 0,307
70 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0,650
72 X X X X X X X X X X 0,650
74 X X X X X X X X X X X 0,650
75 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0,690
91 X X X X X X X X X 0,899
95 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0,899
97 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0,899
98 X X X X X X X X X X X X 0,899
99 X X X X X X X X X X X X 0,899
100 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1,629
101 X X X X X X X X 1,629
105 X X X X X X X X X X 1,629
Reference
Roller Cone Bit Nozzling Procedures
90
Milled tooth 1. Standard roller bearing 4. Sealed roller bearing 5. Sealed roller bearing gauge protected
Series Formations Types
Smith
Bits
Hughes
Christensen
Reed-
Hycalog
Security
DBS
Smith
Bits
Hughes
Christensen
Reed-
Hycalog
Security
DBS
Smith
Bits
Hughes
Christensen
Reed-
Hycalog
Security
DBS
1
Soft
Formations/
Low-
Compressive
Strength
1 DSJ R1 Y11 XN1 SDS GTX-1
XR+
GSSH+
TCTi+
GTX-G1
MAX-GT1
MX-1
MXL-1
MXL-1V
T11
EMS11G
ETS11G
XT1
XT1S
XL1N
2 DTJ
3 DGJ R3 Y13 XN3 MGG GTX-3
GGH+
MSDGH
GTX-G3
MAX-GT3
MX-3
T13
EMS13G
ETS13G
XT3
EBXT3
2
Med. to
Med.-Hard
Formations/
High-
Compressive
Strength
1
XN4
M4N
SVH
XT4
XT4S
2 OFM DR5
3
3
Hard, Semi-
Abrasive
Formations
1 XN5
2 R7
3
4
Reference
Rock Bit Comparison Chart
Milled tooth 6. Sealed friction bearing 7. Sealed friction bearing gauge protected
Series Formations Types
Smith
Bits
Hughes
Christensen
Reed-
Hycalog
Security
DBS
Smith
Bits
Hughes
Christensen
Reed-
Hycalog
Security
DBS
1
Soft
Formations/
Low-
Compressive
Strength
1 FDS HP11
XS1
XSC1
XR+
FDS+
TCTi+
GT-1
MX-1
MXL-1
MXL-1V
STR-1
STX-1
TC10
TC11
SL11
TD11
D11
XSC1
XLC1
EBXS1
EBXSC1
EBXLC1
2 FDT HP12 XSC2
SL12
HP12
3 HP13
MFDGH
FDGH
MX-3
HP13G
D13
XS3
XL3
2
Med. to
Med.-Hard
Formations/
High-
Compressive
Strength
1 ATJ-4 M44NF
GFVH
FVH
ATJ-G4 HP21G
XS4
XL3
2
3
3
Hard, Semi-
Abrasive
Formations
1
2 H77F
3
4 ATJ-G8
91
TCI 5. Sealed roller bearing Gauge protected 7. Sealed friction bearing Gauge protected
Series Formations Types Smith Bits
Hughes
Christensen
Reed-
Hycalog
Security
DBS
Smith Bits
Hughes
Christensen
Reed-
Hycalog
Security
DBS
4
Soft
Formations/
Low-
Compressive
Strength
1
GSi01B, GS01,
GS01B, GS02B,
GS02T, GS03B
Gi03B, G04B,
GS04B, TCTi01
GTX-00, GX-00
MAX-GT00,
MXL-00, GTX-03,
GX-03, MAX-
GT03, MXL-03
T41
EMS41H
XT00-05
EBXT00-05
GFSi01, GFS04, GFS04B
MFS04, MFi04
GT-00, MX-00, GT-03,
MX-03, GX-00, GX-03
STR-03, H-03
MXL-00, MXL-03
HR-90, HR-99,
STX-90,STX-99
STR-90, HR-95,
GX-95, MX-99
XS00-05,
XL00-05
EBXS00-05
EBXL00-05
2
GS05, GS05B
GSi06B, G08B,
GS08B
GXT-03C
T42
EMS42H
XT06-09
EBXT06-09
GF05, GF05B, GFi05B
GFSi06, MF05B
STR-05C, HX-05C TD42H, R07A
XS06-09,
XL06-09
EBXS06-09
EBXL06-09
3
G10B, G10T
GS10B,
GSi12B
GSi12UB,
TCT10
GTX-09, MX-09,
MAXGT-09
GTX-11, MX11,
MX11S, MXL-09
T43
EMS43A
EMS43H
XT10-13
EBXT10-13
F10, F10B, F12, F12Y,
GF08B, GF10B, GF10HB,
GFS10B, GF12T, XR12,
MF10T, MFS10T, XR10T,
TCT11, TCT12
GT-09, STR-09, STX-09,
STX-09H, HX-09,
GX-11,
MX-09, MX-11, MX11H,
MXL-09, MXL-11
SL43H, TD43
TD43A, TD43H
D43, HP43A
HP43H, R09A
R12A, RD12, R14
XS10-13,
XL10-13
EBXS10-13
EBXL10-13
4
GSi15B, G15,
GSi18B,
GSi20B, G11Y,
M15S, 15JS
MAXGT-18
MX-18
T44
EMS44H
EMS44A
XT14-17
EBXT14-17
FH16, FH16B, FHi18, MF15M
F15T, MF15B, MF19, GF15
GF15B, GF15Y, GFS15B
XR15, XR15T, XRi15G
GT-18, STR-18, STX-18,
H-18, HX-18, GX-18,
MX-18, MXL-18
TD44, TD44H,
TD44X, D44, HP44H,
HP44X, R14A,
RD15, R15A, R15
XS14-17
XL14-17
EBXS14-17
EBXL14-17
5
Soft to
Medium-
Hard
Formations/
Low-
Compressive
Strength
1
G20, GS20B,
G25, G20B,
20GMS,
2JS, GSi20B
GTX-20,
MAXGT-20
MX-20,
MXL-20, GTX-22
MX-22
T51
EMS51A
EMS51H
XT18-23
EBXT18-23
F15H, F2, MF2, MF15H
FHi20, FHi21, FHi23, GFi20
GF21, GF25, GFS20, MFS20,
XR20, XR20B, XR25
F25Y, GF20Y, XR20Y,TCTi20
GT-20, STR-20, STX-20,
H-20, HX-20, GX-20,
MX-20, GX-22, MX-22,
GX-23, GX-25, MXL-20
SL51H,TD51, TD51A,
TD51H, TD51X, D51,
HP51H, P51A, HP51H
HP51X, R19A, R20A
R21A, R22A, RD21
XS18-23
XL18-23
EBXS18-23
EBXL18-23
2 G28B
GTX-20C
MAX-GT20CG
MX-20C, MX-28G
T52
EMS52H
XT24-27
EBXT24-27
GF26, F27, GFS28, FHi28
GFi28B, FHi29, Fhi25,
F26Y, MF26Y, FHi24Y,
F27A, F27IY, GF27Y,
XR20TY
GT-20C, GT-28, H-28,
HX-28, GX-20C, GX-28,
MX-20C, MX-28,
MXL-28
TD52,TD52A,TD52H
TD52i, TD52X, HP52
HP52X, R24A, R25A
R26A, RD25, R27
R28A
XS24-27,
XL24-27
EBXS24-27
EBXL24-27
3
G30, GS30B
3JS
MX-30H
MAX-GT30
T53
EMS53
EMS53A
ETS53A
XT28-33
EBXT28-33
F3, F30, FH30, F30T
FHi30, FHi31, FH32, GF30
GF30B, GF30T, MF30T
XR30, XR32, F30Y, FH30Y
STR-30, STX-30, GT-30,
STX-35, GX-30, H-30,
HX-30, MX-30,
MXL-30
SL53,SL53A,TD53
TD53A, TD53B
TD53H, D53,HP53
HP53A, HP53H
JA53, R30,R30A
RD33
XS28-33,
XL28-33
EBXS28-33
EBXL28-33
4
GTX-30C, GTX-33
MAX-GT30CG
MX-33CG
T54
XT34-39
EBXT34-39
FHi35, GFi35, F30Y,
F37Y, FHi37Y, FHi38Y,
F39Y, GFi35YG, F37Y, XR30Y,
XRi35, XR35Y
GT-30C, STR-30C, STR-
35C, STX-30C, HR-38C
HR-30C, HR-35, GX-30C
GX-35, GX-38, MX-35C
TD54A, TD54X,
TD54, R34A,
R35A, R36A
XS34-39,
XL34-39
EBXS34-39
EBXL34-39
6
Medium-
Hard
Formations/
High-
Compressive
Strength
1
G40, G40Y,
G40YB, 4JS
ETS61A
XT40-45
EBXT40-45
FH40, FHi45, F40, F45H,
MF4H, GF40H, GF40Y, Xr38,
XR40, XR45Y, F40Y, F40YA,
F47Y, F47YA, FH43Y, GF47Y
STR-40, HR-40, HR-44
STX-40, GX-44, MX-40
MX-44
SL61, SL61A
TD61, TD61A
HP61A, HP61H
R40A, R40
XS40-45,
XL40-45
EBXS40-45
EBXL40-45
2 GT-40C, MX-44C EMS62
XT46-51
EBXT46-51
F50, FHi50, FHi50Y,
F46HY, F47HY, GF45Y,
GF50Y, XR40Y,
XR40YA, XR45Y, XR50
STR-40C, STR-44C
STX-44C, HR-40C
HR-44C, GX-44C
GX-45C, MX-40C
MX-44C, MXL-44C
SL62,SL62A,SL62X
TD62, TD62A
HP62, HP62A
HP62H, JA62
R44A, R45, R48
XS46-51,
XL46-51
EBXS46-51
EBXL46-51
3 MX-55 XT52-58
F57Y, F57HY
GF50YB, F50YA, XR50Y
STR-50, STR-50A
STX-50, HR-50, HR-55
GX-55, MX-50, MX-55
SL63, TD63
HP63, R50
XS52-58,
XL52-58
EBXS52-58
EBXL52-58
4 XT61-69
F59Y, F59HY, F67Y
GF67Y, XRi65Y
HR-60, HR-66, HR-68
STX-60, MX-66, MX-68
TD64, TD64H, HP64,
HP64H, R60, R65
XS61-69
EBXS61-69
7
Hard, Semi-
Abrasive
and Abra-
sive
Formations
1 XT71-75
XS71-75,
EBXS71-75
3 XT77-81
F7, XR68Y
XR68HY, XR70Y
STR-70, STX-70
HR-70
SL73
HP73
XS77-81
EBXS77-81
4 XT83-89 XR75Y TD74,HP74,R75
XS83-89,
EBXS83-89
8
Extremely
Hard and
Abrasive
Formations
1 XT91-93 F80Y, GF80Y, XR80Y
HR-80, HR-88, STX-80
STX-88, STR-80, MX-88
TD81, HP81
R80, R85
XS91-93,
EBXS91-93
2 XT95-97 F85Y HR-89
XS95-97,
EBXS95-97
3 XT99 F90Y, FHi90Y, XR90Y
HR-90, HR-99, STX-90,
STX-99, STR-90,
HR-95, GX-95 ,MX-99
SL83, TD83
HP83, R90, R95
XS99,
EBXS99
Reference
Rock Bit Comparison Chart
92
Reference
Smith Bits roller cone bit nomenclature
Seal and Bearing Prefx Product Type Example
D Non-sealed (open) bearing Milled Tooth DSJ
S Single seal, roller bearing Milled Tooth SDGH
F Single seal, friction bearing All F15
M Single seal, roller bearing motor bit All MSDGH
MF Single seal, friction bearing motor bit All MFDGH
Premium Product Type Prefx
FH FH, single seal, friction bearing Insert FH23
GF Gemini twin seal, friction bearing All GF30
G Gemini twin seal, roller bearing All G18
XR Xplorer, single seal, friction bearing Insert XR25
XR+ Xplorer Expanded Milled Tooth XR+
Milled Tooth Cutting Structures
S Soft formation type Milled Tooth FDS
T Soft to medium formation type Milled Tooth DTJ
G Medium formation type Milled Tooth FDGH
V Medium to hard formation type Milled Tooth SVH
S Self sharpening hard facing Milled Tooth MSDSSH
H Heel inserts Milled Tooth SDSH
+ Premium Milled tooth cutting structure Milled Tooth FDS+
Insert Cutting Structures
S Shamal design Insert GFS10
00-99 Insert bit digits (00 Softest - 99 Hardest) Insert FH50
Cutting Structure and Feature Suffx
A Air application bit Insert F47A
B Binary carbide gauge Insert GFS10B
BD Binary diamond gauge Insert GS03BD
C Center jet All F10C
D SRT diamond gauge Insert XR30D
DD Fully diamond enhanced cutting structure Insert MF37DD
G Super-D Gun cone coating Insert F12YG
H Heavy set gauge design Insert F37H
I Inclined chisel on gauge Insert F27I
L Lug Pads pressed with tungsten
carbide inserts All FH45L
LD Lug pads pressed with diamond inserts All MF15LD
N Nominal gauge diameter All GF05N
OD Diamond heel (50%) All F57OD
OD1 Diamond heel (100%) All XR25OD1
PS SRT tungsten carbide legback protection All FH28PS
PD SRT diamond legback protection All F37PD
R Upper and Lower tungsten carbide
legback protection All GS18R
RD Upper and Lower diamond legback
protection All F50RD
SD Shaped diamond gauge and
50% Diamond heel Insert G25SD
SD1 Shaped diamond gauge and
100% Diamond heel Insert MF20SD1
T Trucut carbide gauge Insert XR20T
TD Trucut diamond gauge inserts Insert XR32TD
U Unconventional cutting structure/feature All GS18U
V V-Flo hydraulics All FH35V
W Softer than standard insert grades Insert XR15W
Y Conical cutting structure Insert F 59Y
3 2 7/8 in connection (not Smith Bits default
size 2 3/8 in) All XR30-3
6 6 5/8 in connection (not Smith Bits default
size 7 5/8 in) All XR-6
7 7 5/8 in connection (not Smith Bits default
size 8 5/8 in) All XR-7
93
Reference
IADC dull bit grading
Cutting Structure
Bearings/
Seals
Gauge
Other Dull
Characteristics
Reason
Pulled
Inner Outer Dull Char. Location
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Dull Characteristics (3)
(Use only cutting structure
related codes)
BC

Broken Cone
BF Bond Failure
BT Broken Teeth/Cutters
BU Balled Up Bit
CC

Cracked Cone
CD

Coned Dragged
CI Cone Interference
CR Cored
CT Chipped Teeth/Cutters
ER Erosion
FC Flat Crested Wear
HC Heat Checking
JD Junk Damage
LC

Lost Cone
LN Lost Nozzle
LT Lost Teeth/Cutters
OC Off Center Wear
PB Pinched Bit
PN Plugged Nozzle/Flow
Passage
RG Rounded Gauge
RO Ring Out
SD Shirttail Damage
SS Self Sharpening Wear
TR Tracking
WO Washed Out Bit
WT Worn Teeth/Cutters
NO No Dull Characteristics
Show cone number(s) under
location (4)
Inner Cutting Structure (1) (All Inner Rows)
(For fxed cutter bits, use the inner 2/3 of the bit
radius)
Outer Cutting Structure (2) (Gauge Row Only)
(For fxed cutter bits, use the outer 1/3 of the bit
radius) In columns 1 and 2, a linear scale from 0 to 8
is used to describe the condition of the cutting
structure according to the following:
Steel Tooth Bits
A measure of lost tooth height due to abrasion and/
or damage
0 - No Loss of Tooth Height
8 - Total Loss of Tooth Height
Insert Bits
A measure of total cutting structure reduction due
to lost, worn and/or broken inserts
0 - No Lost, Worn and/or Broken Inserts
8 - All Inserts Lost, Worn and/or Broken
Fixed Cutter Bits
A measure of lost, worn and/or broken cutting
structure
0 - No Lost, Worn and/or Broken Cutting Structure
8 - All of Cutting Structure Lost, Worn and/or
Broken
Gauge (6)
Measure to nearest
1/16 of an inch
1 in In Gauge
11/16 in Out of Gauge
22/16 in Out of Gauge
44/16 in Out of Gauge
Other Dull
Characteristics (7)
Refer to column 3
codes
Reason Pulled or Run Terminated (8)
BHA Change Bottom-Hole
Assembly
DMF Downhole Motor Failure
DTF Downhole Tool Failure
DSF Drillstring Failure
DST Drill Stem Test
DP Drill Plug
CM Condition Mud
CP Core Point
FM Formation Change
HP Hole Problems
LIH Left in Hole
HR Hours on Bit
LOG Run Logs
PP Pump Pressure
PR Penetration Rates
RIG Rig Repair
TD Total Depth/Casing Depth
TW Twist Off
TQ Torque
WC Weather Conditions
Bearings/Seals (5)
Non-Sealed Bearings
A linear scale
estimating bearing life
used
0 No Life Used
8 All Life Used, i.e.,
no bearing life
remaining
Sealed Bearings
E Seals Effective
F Seals Failed
N Not Able to Grade
X Fixed Cutter Bit
(bearingless)
Location (4)
Roller Cone
N Nose Row
M Middle Row
G Gauge Row
A - All Rows
Cone #
1 2 3
Fixed Cutter
C Cone
N Nose
T Taper
S Shoulder
G Gauge
A All Areas
94
Notes
95
Notes
Headquarters
1310 Rankin Rd.
Houston, TX 77073-4802
1800 US SMITH
www.slb.com/bits