REPUBULIKA YU RWANDA

ICYEREKEZO 2020 CYU RWANDA

IJAMBO RYIBANZE
Icyerekezo 2020 ni isangano ryibyifuzo nimigambi byAbanyarwanda bigamije kubaka ubunyarwanda bushingiye ku bumwe na demokaras i kandi buri wese yibonamo, nyuma yamateka maremare yaranzwe nubuyobozi bukandamiza kandi buvangura. Muri iki Cyerekezo, tugamije guhindura imiterere yigihugu cyacu ku buryo kibarirwa mu bifite ubukungu buciriritse, aho abanyarwanda bose bazaba bafite ubuzima buzira umuze, bajijutse, kandi bakungahaye kurushaho. u Rwanda twifuza ni urwunze ubumwe kandi ruhagaze neza mu ruhando rwibihugu duturanye ndetse nandi mahanga yo ku isi. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, Icyerekezo 2020 cyihaye inkingi magirirane esheshatu, zirimo imiyoborere myiza no gucunga neza ibya rubanda, umutungo ushingiye ku bantu bafite ubushobozi, urwego rwabikorera rukomeye, ibikorwa remezo bijyanye nigihe tugezemo, ubuhinzi nubworozi buvuguruye, byose bigamije kugera ku masoko yaba ayimbere mu gihugu, mu karere turimo ndetse nahandi ku isi. Iki Cyerekezo ni umusaruro wo kungurana ibitekerezo kwabaye hagati y 1997 n 2000. Ibyo biganiro nimpaka byahuje Abanyarwanda bingeri zose barimo abikorera, Leta, inzobere za kaminuza nimiryango itegamiye kuri Leta. Ni ngombwa gushimangira ko iki Cyerekezo kitareba Leta gusa. Icyerekezo 2020 ni umugambi abanyarwanda bose bahuriyeho. Tugomba guhora tugenzura ko ibyo dukora byose, buri wese ku giti cye cyangwa turi hamwe, mu bucuruzi no mu zindi nzego dukoreramo, biganisha ku ntego zikubiye muri iki Cyerekezo. Nkuko ibihugu byagaragaje kwihuta mu iterambere byabigenje, Icyerekezo 2020 cyacu kitubere nkipfundo ryunze abanyarwanda basenyera umugozi umwe bagamije kwiyubakira ejo hazaza heza. Ndahamya ko Icyerekezo 2020 kizadufasha kugera ku ntego twiyemeje, kandi ko gitanzwe mu buryo bwumvikana, bityo imbaraga nubwihutirwe bisabwa buri wese akaba yiteguye kubitanga atizigama. Nshimiye Abanyarwanda bose nInshuti zu Rwanda bazatanga umusanzu wabo kugira ngo Icyerekezo cyacu gishobore kugerwaho.

KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda (s)

ISHAKIRO
IJAMBO RYIBANZE........................................................................................................................ 2 ISHAKIRO........................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Intangiriro......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Aho u Rwanda ruhagaze ninzitizi................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Urebeye mu mateka ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Inzitizi zikomereye u Rwanda.................................................................................................6 3. Intego zingenzi zIcyerekezo 2020 ................................................................................................. 9 3.1. Igihe cya vuba : Kubaka ubukungu rusange butajegajega no kongera umutungo hagamijwe kugabanya uruhare rwimfashanyo ..............................................................................................10 3.2. Igihe giciriritse : Guhindura ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi bukaba ubushingiye ku bumenyi........................................................................................................................................10 3.3. Igihe Kirambye: Kugira icyiciro cyabaturage benshi bari mu bikorwa byongera ubukungu no guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo kwihangira imirimo..............................................................11 4. Inkingi zIcyerekezo 2020 ............................................................................................................. 12 4.1. Ubuyobozi bwiza na Leta ifite ubushobozi ..........................................................................12 4.2. Iterambere ryubukungu bushingiye ku bantu bafite ubushobozi no ku bumenyi................13 4.3. Iterambere rishyigikiwe nabikorera .....................................................................................15 4.4. Iterambere ryibikorwa remezo.............................................................................................16 4.5. Ubuhinzi bwinyongeragaciro bushingiye ku isoko .............................................................18 4.6. Kwinjira mu rusobe rwubukungu rwo mu karere nurwo mu rwego mpuzamahanga ........19 5. Imbariro zIcyerekezo 2020 ........................................................................................................... 19 5.1. Uburinganire bwabagore nabagabo. ...................................................................................19 5.2. Kubungabunga Umutungo kamere nibidukikije ..................................................................20 5.3. Ubumenyi nikorana buhanga h arimo ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT) ......................20 6. Inzira yo kugera ku Cyerekezo 2020 ............................................................................................. 20 6.1. Uko igenamigambi ryu Rwanda rizajyana nishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020....21 6.2. Amikoro yo gushyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020 : ikigenekerezo cyingaruka ku bipimo byubukungu rusange ...................................................................................................................22 6.2. Amikoro yo gushyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020 : ikigenekerezo cyingaruka ku bipimo byubukungu rusange ...................................................................................................................23 6.3 Inzego zizashyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020....................................................................25 Umwanzuro........................................................................................................................................ 26 Imigereka ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Umugereka wa 1: Ibipimo byingenzi byIcyerekezo 2020.........................................................27 Umugereka wa 2 : Uruhare rwa Leta turebeye mu mateka ..........................................................28

1. Intangiriro
Abanyarwanda babona bate uko ejo hazaza hazaba hameze? Bifuza ko umuryango nyarwanda uzaba uteye u te? Bashobora bate kubaka ibiranga u Rwanda byuzuye kandi bitagira uwo biheza ? Ni izihe mpinduka za ngombwa kugirango igihugu kive mu mibereho nubukungu bikabije kuba nkene ? Ngibyo ibibazo byingenzi Icyerekezo 2020 gishakira ibisubizo. Iki cyerekezo cyavuye mu ruhererekane rwibiganiro ngishwanama byabereye muri Village Urugwiro mu mwaka wa 1998 kugeza mu wa 1999. Abari muri ibyo biganiro bemerenyijwe ku bw umvikane busesuye ko hakenewe gutanga isura iboneye y u Rwanda rw ejo hazaza. Urwo ruhererekane rwibiganiro ni rwo rwatanze intango yicyo cyerekezo. Uyu munsi u Rwanda ruri mu masangano yinzira ruva mu gihe cyimfashanyo yamahanga ijyanye no guhangana n ingaruka za Jenoside yo mu 1994 rugana mu iterambere rirambye. Kuva mu 1994, Leta yu Rwanda yashyize ku murongo uboneye ibijyanye na politiki ari na ko isubiza mu nzira nziza ubukungu ibitewemo inkunga ihagije nabo bakorana mu rwego rwiterambere. Nyamara inzitizi muri urwo rwego ziracyari nyinshi. Ukurikije uko umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwaturage uteye, birashoboka ko nta ngamba zifashwe umubare wabatuye u Rwanda wazikuba kabiri ukagera ku bantu barenga miliyoni 16 mbere yumwaka w a 2020 1. Kubera ko icyifuzo gikuru cyIcyerekezo 2020 kigomba guhindura ubukungu bwu Rwanda mo igihugu cyumutungo uciriritse (aho umusaruro rusange ku muturage wagera ku madolari 900 ku mwaka uvuye kuri 220 mu mwaka 2000), ibyo bizasaba ko ubwiyongere bwubukungu bugera nibura kuri 7 ku ijana (7%) buri mwaka. Ibi bizagerwaho ari uko ubukungu bwacu, busanzwe bushingiye ku buhinzi bwirenzamunsi, tubuhinduye mo ubushingiye ku bumenyi bushyigikiwe nizigama riri ku gipimo cyo hejuru, nishoramari ryabikorera; bityo kugendera ku mfashanyo yamahanga bikagabanuka. Ubwiyongere bwubukungu bwonyine ntibuhagije kugira ngo habe ho izamuka ryimibereho myiza yabaturage bose. Kugira ngo inzara nubukene bitsindwe, ubwiyongere bwubukungu bugomba kuba buzirikana umukene bityo bigaha Abanya rwanda bose amahirwe yo kugerwaho nibyiza byazanywe n izo mpinduka zo mu rwego rwubukungu. Icyerekezo 2020 cyifuza ko u Rwanda rwaba Igihugu gishya, gikomeye kandi gihuje, giterwa ishema nibyiza biri mu muco wacyo, gihamye muri politiki kandi nta vangura rirangwa mu bagituye. Kubera intego zirangamiwe ninzitizi zikiriho byavuzwe haruguru, u Rwanda rukeneye icyerekezo gishya no kugishakira inzira iboneye yanyurwamo hashingiwe ku nkingi zikurikira: Gusana igihugu no guteza imbere imibereho yabagituye , mu rwego rwo gushimangira ubuyobozi bwiza kandi bishyigikiwe na Leta ifite ubushobozi;

Iteganyambyaro riramutse rigenze neza, imirasuko iteganya ko icyo gihe abatuye u Rwanda bagera kuri 13.000.000.

Guhindura ubuhinzi bukaba urwego rugamije inyongeragaciro kandi rurangamiye isoko, bukanaba imbarutso yiterambere ryizindi nzego. Guteza imbere urwego rwabikorera rurangwa nipiganwa numuco wo kwihangira imirimo; Kubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku bantu bafite ubushobozi n ubumenyi bakesha uburezi bwiza, ubuzima buzira umuze nikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT), haba mu nzego za Leta, mu bikorera ndetse no mu miryango namashyirahamwe bitegamiye kuri Leta. Ibi bigomba kw itabwaho mu icyemurwa cyibibazo bijyanye nubwiyongere bwabaturage, ubuzima, nuburinganire hagati yabagore nabagabo. Guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo hakubiyemo guhuza uburyo bwose bwo gutwara abantu nibintu,ikwirakwizwa ryingufu namazi nibikorwa byikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT); Gushyigikira iterambere ry ubwisanzure nubutwererane mu byubukungu mu rwego rwAkarere u Rwanda ruherereyemo.

Izi nkingi zihuzwa nimbariro zinyuranye zirimo uburinganire bwabagore nabagabo, gucunga neza no kurengera ibidukikije numutungo kamere, no guteza imbere ICT. Icyerekezo 2020 kigomba kugerwaho mu busabane nubwumvikane bwabaturage budaheza kandi bishyigikiwe na Leta ifite ubushobozi. Iterambere ryu Rwanda rigomba kubakira ku mutungo wingenzi rufite, ari wo bana barwo.

2. Aho u Rwanda ruhagaze ninzitizi

2.1. Urebeye mu mateka Nubwo bwose u Rwanda rwateye intambwe ndende ugereranyije nuburyo igihugu cyari cyarasenyutse kikaza gukira Jenoside yo mu 1994, biragaragara ko rukirangwa nubukungu bukabije kuba hasi, bugishingiye ku buhinzi nubworozi, kandi abaturage bagera kuri 60% bakaba bari munsi yumurongo wubukene. Kugira ngo umuntu yumve byimazeyo uko u Rwanda rugahagaze ubu, hagomba isesengura rihereye ku mateka. U Rwanda ruriho kuva mu kinyeja na cya 11 nkigihugu gishingiye ku mateka amwe yabarutuye basangiye imigenzo nimiziririzo, bavuga ururimi rumwe kandi bahujwe n umuco umwe. Rwari rugari kurusha uko rumeze ubu. Ubumwe bwabanyarwanda bwari bushingiye kandi ku matsinda yimiryango nimihango imwe, nta vangura rishingiye ku kuba uva mu itsinda ryumuryango uyu nuyu. Ubutegetsi bwabakoloni bushingiye ku ngengabitekerezo yubusumbane bwamoko, bubifashijwemo namadini amwe namwe bakuririje ubutandukane butaboneka neza bwimibereho yaba nyarwanda maze baha intebe ivangura. Ibyo bikorwa bya hinduye imibanire yumuryango nyarwanda, bihimba amacakubiri adafite ishingiro yaje kugira inguruka mbi cyane mu mibanire yabanyarwanda.

Muri make, amateka yu Rwanda yaranzwe nibihe bikurikira: - Inama yi Berlin yo mu 1884 yahaye ubutegetsi bwUbudage Ingoma yu Rwanda nkigice cyAfurika yAbadage yUburasirazuba; - Mu igabanywa ryAfurika ryakurikiye mu 1910, igice kinini cy u Rwanda cyometswe ku bihugu byibituranyi. U Rwanda rwatakaje 1/3 cyabar i bagize isoko ryimbere mu gihugu nigice kinini cyumutungo kamere warwo ; - Nyuma yIntambara ya mbere yIsi nitsindwa ry Abadage, u Rwanda rwahawe Ububiligi ngo barutegeke mu izina ryumuryango wIbihugu (League of Nations/ Socit des Nations); - Nyuma yIntambara ya kabiri yIsi, Umuryango wIbihugu wahindutse Umuryango wAbibumbye maze u Rwanda ruhinduka igihugu gishinzwe Ububiligi ngo bururere mu izina ryUmuryango wAbibumbye kugeza mu mwaka w a 1962; - Mu gihe cyubukoloni, ubutegetsi bwAbabiligi bwishingikirije nkana amahame ya Darwin yari agezweho maze bavangura Abanyarwanda ku buryo bukomeye. Icyo gikorwa giteye ishavu gishobora gufatwa nkintandaro yubwicanyi ngarukabihe bwakomeje gukorwa mu Rwanda, ndetse na nyuma yubwigenge bwarwo; bukaza guca agahigo muri Jenoside yo mu mwaka wa 1994. - Mu mwaka wa 1994, FPR yahagaritse Jenoside; ifatanyije nindi mitwe ya politiki ha shyizweho Guverinoma yUbumwe bwIgihugu nInteko Ishinga Amategeko yInzibacyuho kugir a ngo bagene icyerekezo gishya cyu Rwanda gishingiye ku nzego za demokarasi. Uyu murage wamateka u ragerageza gusobanura neza inzitizi u Rwanda rugomba guhangana nazo nkuko zisesengurwa imwe ku yindi mu gika gikurikira. 2.2. Inzitizi zikomereye u Rwanda Muri iyi minsi, ubukungu bwu Rwanda burangwa nubusumbane mu mbonerahamwe yubukungu, ubwo busumbane bukaba bugaragarira mu cyuho cyingengo yimari nubusumbane hagati yibyoherezwa nibitumizwa hanze. Ibi kandi bigatsindagirwa nijanisha riri hasi mu rwego rwizigama nishoramari utaretse ibura ryakazi no kudakoresha bihagije abakozi bari mu kazi (reba imbonerahamwe ya 1). Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwohereza mu mahanga bigizwe ahanini nikawa nicyayi usanga ibiciro byabyo biterwa nuko isoko mpuzamahanga ryaramutse cyangwa ryiriwe bityo ibivuyemo ntibihaze mu kwishyura ibicuruzwa biva hanze bikenewe mu Rwanda.

Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Ibipimo byubukungu bwu Rwanda kuva 1995 kugera 2000

Ibipimo 2 CPI Izamuka ryibiciro (%) GDP deflator 3 Ikinyuranyo hagati yizigama nishoramari % umusaruro (GDP ) 51.3 -22.3 -77.5 122.8 Icyuho cyingengo yimari (% GDP ) Hatarimo impano -13.3 -2.3 -20.5 4.5 185.6 Inyungu zishyurwa ku mwenda (% yibyo twohereza hanze) 20 14 17 26 25 10.9 -20 -85.4 120.3 -13.1 -5.7 -19.1 -0.3 204.3 15.6 -18.4 -103.1 124.6 -9.9 -2.5 -17.6 -4.9 216.8 2.2 -17.4 -110.1 120.4 -8.3 -3 -16.8 -9.4 202.6 -3.5 -15.6 -101.8 118.7 -9.7 -3.8 -17.1 -7.6 252.5 3.3 -16.3 -115 113.7 -8.9 0.1 -16.9 -5.1 227.7 1995 48.2 1996 13.4 1997 11.7 1998 6.8 1999 -2.4 2000 3.9

Muri miliyari zamafaranga Umutungo wose ukoreshwa mu gihugu (% umusaruro GDP )

Harimo impano Hatarimo amafaranga Leta yishyura hanze nayo Ikinyuranyo hagati yibicuruzwa ifashishwa na serivisi twohereza hanze Harimo amafaranga Leta nibyo dukurayo yishyura hanze nayo ifashishwa Umusaruro nyakuri ku muturage mu madolari

Aho byavuye: Raporo Rwanda Development Indicators na Raporo za BNR.

Muri rusange imiterere yibibazo byu Rwanda ishobora gusobanurwa kurushaho umuntu arebye inzitizi zimwe na zimwe buri yose ukwayo. (i) Igunduka nIgabanuka ryu buso bwubutaka buhingwaho. Ubuhinzi, bukorwa na 90% byabantu bari mu kigero cyo gukora, bukomeza kudatanga umusaruro kandi ahanini ugasanga bukorwa byamaburakindi. Imibare igaragaza ko abanyarwanda 9 basaranganya hegitari imwe yubutaka buhingwa kandi ubwo buso bukaba bugenda bugabanuka bitewe numuvuduko ukabije wubwiyongere bwabaturage. Ingaruka yabyo rero ni uko umubare munini wimiryango yo mu cyaro ibeshejweho nubuhinzi idafite nibura hegitari imwe; ibi bikaba bidahagije ngo iyo miryango ibashe kubaho neza. Ubuso bwagenewe inzuri bungana na hegitari 350.000 kandi inyinshi muri zo ntizitunganyijwe. Ibi bituma ubutaka bwose buhingwa buri gihe kandi nta nuburyo buriho bunoze bwo kubufata neza hakoreshejwe amafumbire. Inkurikizi yabyo ni igabanuka ryuburumbuke bwubutaka nisenyuka ryibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku baturage zo guhorana imirire mibi. Biragaragaza ko abanyarwanda batagishoboye kubeshwaho nubutaka bwonyine bityo hakwiye gufatwa ingamba zo kuvana icyiciro kimwe cyabo mu buhinzi bagakora imirimo yindi nkiyinganda na za serivisi. (ii) Inzitizi zinshingiye ku bibazo kamere byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga U Rwanda ni igihugu kiri hagati yibindi bihugu kure yinyanja ; ibi bikaba ari bimwe mu byongera ikiguzi cyubwikorezi bwibintu biva cyangwa bijya mu mahanga. Igihugu ntikigira inzira zigihuza
2 3

Ikigeranyo cyibiciro ku muguzi GDP: umusaruro rusange wIgihugu; GDP deflator: Igipimo -mpuzamusaruro rusange wIgihugu

na za Gari ya Moshi bityo bigasobanura ko ubwikorezi bwose bunyura mu mihanda isanzwe yubutaka. Imihanda itame ze neza ituma ubwikorezi buhenda bityo ibicuruzwa bikorwa ninganda zo mu gihugu bikarushaho guhenda kubera ko ibikoresho byibanze bigurwa hanze bigera mu Rwanda bihenze cyane. Izo nzitizi zishingiye ku bibazo kamere byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga byu Rwanda zidindiza iterambere muri rusange niryinganda byumwihariko. (iii) Ibikorwa byubakiyeho ubukungu bidahagije Nta gushidikanya ko kongera umusaruro wikawa n uwicyayi no kubicuruza hanze bidahagije byonyine ngo hubakwe ubukungu bwu Rwanda. Ni yo mpamvu ingufu nyinshi zigomba gushyirwa mu kongera no kwagura ibikorwa shingiro byubukungu hakaboneka ibintu byinshi byoherezwa ku masoko mpuzamahangaa. Nubwo mu Rwanda haboneka ubutare bucye bunyuranye kandi bwagaciro kanini, nta mutungo kamere numwe utubutse ushobora kuba imbarutso nyayo y ubukungu bwu Rwanda. Mu myaka myinshi ishize, ubucukuzi bwamabuye yagaciro bwari bushingiye ahanini ku gucukura no kohereza hanze gasegereti yavaga mu birombe byinshi nahandi bayikura bitabaye ngombwa gushakira kure mu kuzimu. Nta gushidikanya ko ubundi butare nka Wolfram na Coltan ndetse na Zahabu biri mu butaka bwu Rwanda ariko ingano yabwo ikaba itazwi neza. Nyamara u Rwanda rufite Gaz Methane ibarirwa muri miliyari 60 za metero kibe mu kiyaga cya Kivu ariko uru rwego ntirurabonerwa ishoramari ryo kurukoraho ubushakashatsi bucukumbuye ngo uyu mutungo ube wabyazwa inyungu. (iv) Ubushobozi buke bwinzego zikorera abaturage Imiyoborere harimo nicungwa ryumutungo wa rubanda, ntirakomera kubera ko inzego zitaragira ingufu ndetse nabakozi bashoboye akazi bakaba badahagije. Aho kugira ngo bubake inzego zimirimo zitajegajega , Guverinoma z o hambere zakomeje kugendera ku mfashanyo yamahanga yo mu rwego rwa tekiniki ihenze cyane zititaye ku kubaka ubushobozi igihugu kizakenera mu bihe birambye. Iyi mfashanyo ntiyashoboye guteza imbere ubushobozi bwabanyagihugu. Nubwo bwose hari intambwe iboneka yatewe muri urwo rwego, uwo murage nubu uracyagira ingaruka ku buyobozi bwiza. (v) Iterambere ryubushobozi bwabantu rikiri hasi Ibura rikomeye ryabakozi bimpuguke ni inzitizi ku iterambere ku nzego zose. Ibura ry inzobere mu buhinzi nubworozi rituma uru rwego rutabasha gutera imbere, naho iryabakozi binzobere mu bikorwa binyuranye byiterambere ryubukungu ridindiza iterambere ryimirimo yinganda na serivisi. Kutamenya gusoma, kwandika no kubara bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku batuye imijyi nibyaro: Abanyarwanda 48% ntibazi gusoma no kwandika (Imibare yo muri 2000). Biragoye guhangana niki kibazo kubera ubwinshi b windwara zibyorezo nka malariya na SIDA bigabanya umusaruro wabaturage cyane cyane iyo zibafatanije nindyo nkene.

(vi) Imyenda ya Leta Umwenda wa Leta yu Rwanda ni inzitizi ikomeye ku iterambere ryubukungu bwigihugu. Umwenda wa Leta ugizwe namafaranga akabakaba miliyari imwe nigice (1.5) y'amadolari yamanyamerika, ukaba uruta kure umusaruro rusange wigihugu (GDP) ungana na miliyari imwe na miliyoni magana atatu (1.3) zamadolari yamanyamerika ( Imibare yo muri 2000). Hafi 75% byumwenda wa Leta byavuye muri Banki yisi n ibindi bigega mpuzamahanga . Uyu mwenda waragiye urirundarunda ugera ku bipimo birenze ubushobozi bwu Rwanda bwo kubona amikoro akenewe ngo rwishyure. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rugere ku gipimo cyumwenda kijyanye nubushobozi bwarwo kandi bidahungabanije imigambi yiterambere ryigihugu, bizategereza umwaka wa 2015. Nyamara, gukomeza kuvanirwaho imyenda no kubona inkunga zitishyurwa bizaguma gukenerwa, byibura mu gihe giciriritse, kandi kongera ku buryo bugaragara umusururo ukom oka ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni inkingi ikomeye izatuma u Rwanda rutazongera kugira umwenda ururemereye. (vii) Ingaruka za Jenoside ku mibereho yabaturage nubukungu

Jenoside yo muri 1994 yashegeshe ubukungu bwu Rwanda nabaturage barwo. Umusaruro rusange wigihugu (GDP) wagabanutseho icya kabiri mu gihe cyumwaka umwe gusa ; 80 ku ijana byabaturage bahinduka abakene, imirima myinshi irononwa namatungo menshi araribwa. Jenoside yononnye kandi bikabije ibikorwa byamajyambere bitari bike byariho mbere ya 1994. Ibikorwa remezo byariho, byari bisanzwe ari ntabyo, byarashenywe neza neza maze igihugu gitakaza abarimu babyigiye, abaganga, abakozi ba Leta na ba Rwiyemezamirimo. Nguko uko ingaruka za jenoside zashegeshe ireme ryimibereho myiza, irya politiki niryubukungu bwu Rwanda. Tudashimangiye ubwiyunge bwAbanyarwanda ngo tugire umutekano na politike bihamye, abashoramari ntibazigera bagirira icyizere u Rwanda.

3. Intego zingenzi zIcyerekezo 2020

Icyerekezo 2020 kigamije guhindura rwose u Rwanda rukaba igihugu cyumutungo uciriritse mu mwaka wa 2020. Ibyo bisaba kugera ku mutungo wamadolari yamanyamerika 900 kuri buri muturage ku mwaka (akava kuri 220 mu mwaka wa 2000); kugabanya ikigereranyo cyabakene kikava kuri 60.4% kikagera kuri 30% nicyizere cyo kurama kikava ku myaka 49 kikagera ku myaka 55 (Umugereka 1 urerekana, ku buryo burambuye, ivugururwa twizeye kugeraho) Kubera ubuke bwumutungo kamere wu Rwanda ni ngombwa kumenya guhitamo ibikorwa biremereye kurusha ibindi no kugaragaza uburyo bigomba gukurikirana mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Iki gika cyerekana ibigomba gukorwa mu gihe cya vuba, igiciriritse nikirambye hakurikijwe ubusumbane bwuburemere bwabyo. Kiragaraza kandi ubufatanye nubwuzuzanye hagati ya politike zinyuranye mu iterambere. Urugero twatanga ni nkuko iterambere ryinganda na serivisi ridashobora kugerwaho mu gihe hatariho ubumenyi buhagije kandi buha amahirwe abarusha abandi bwunganiwe nibikorwa remezo nimirimo ijyanye na serivise zimari.

Mu gihe cya vuba , ibibazo bikomeye birebana no kuzahura ubukungu bwigihugu, kugabanya uruhare rwimfashanyo zamahanga no kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizitabwaho byumwihariko. Igika gikurikira kirerekana uburyo bizashyirwa mu bikorwa. 3.1. Igihe cya vuba : Kubaka ubukungu rusange butajegajega no kongera umutungo hagamijwe kugabanya uruhare rwimfashanyo U Rwanda ruzashyiraho politiki yo kubungabunga ubukungu ku buryo abikorera babona urubuga rubanogeye rwo gukoreramo. Izi ngamba zunganiwe no kwagura ibikorwa byubukungu bwigihugu utaretse no kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga , ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kugabanya kubeshwaho nimfashanyo. Ubusumbane mu bipimo byubukungu bwagaragajwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 ni bwo soko yihungabana ryubukungu ari na ryo ryatumye igihugu gikomeza kungikanya imyenda no kwiyambaza imfashanyo zamahanga. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rureke gukomeza gucungira ku mfashanyo zamahanga, ni ngombwa gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zo kongera ibikorwa byubukungu bibyara imisoro, kureshya abashoramari babanyamahanga no gucunga neza ikibazo cyimyenda. Ikindi kizitabwaho ni ukuvugurura no kongera ibikorwa byubukungu bitari ibya gakondo bibyara umusaruro ucuruzwa mu mahanga, bityo hagakosorwa amakosa yakunze kugaragara muri politiki yubucuruzi namahanga . Politiki igamijwe ndetse yanatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu bice bimwe byayo, ishingiye kuri ibi bikurikira: kureka umucuruzi numuguzi bakiyumvikanira ku giciro, kwegurira ibigo bya Leta Abikorera, kuvugurura uburyo bwo gusoresha, kuvunja amafaranga no gutanga inguzanyo zamabanki hakurikijwe imiterere yisoko. Leta izareka gukor a ibyo abikorera ba shobora gukora neza kuyirusha ahubwo ishyireho urubuga rutsura umuco wo gupiganwa. Kubera iyi politiki, ubukungu bwigihugu buzagira ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka bukava ku rwego rwubuhinzi bwamaburakindi ahubwo bukubakira ku bumenyi nubuhanga byo mu rwego ruhambaye. 3.2. Igihe giciriritse : Guhindura ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi bukaba ubushingiye ku bumenyi Nubwo ubuhinzi bwu Rwanda bwahinduka kubera gukoresha inyongeramusaruro ku rwego rwo hejuru, ntibwaba buhagije bwonyine kugira ngo bube imbarutso ishimishije yubwiyongere bwubukungu nirindi terambere iryo ari ryo ryose. Hagomba kubaho ingamba zingoboka kugira ngo igihugu kireke kubeshwaho nubuhinzi ahubwo kinite ku mirimo yinganda na serivisi. Ikibazo ariko si ugupfa gushyiraho ingamba zishingiye ku buhinzi cyangwa izishingiye ku nganda na serivisi, ahubwo ni ugusesengura hakarebwa ibikorwa u Rwanda rwagiramo akarusho ku bindi bihugu akaba ari byo byashyirwamo imbaraga. Urugero ni uko kuba hari abakozi benshi badahenze bari mu Rwanda, rukagira abaturage benshi bazi indimi nyinshi, rukaba ahantu heza hihuriro ryabava muri Afurika yo hagati bajya mu yuburasirazuba, na kwa kuba ruto kwarwo gutuma ibikorwa remezo byubakwa ku buryo bworoshye kandi buhendutse. Inganda zo mu gihugu zagombye kwibanda ku bicuruzwa byabona isoko haba imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo.

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Ku birebana na serivisi, mu gihe giciriritse nikirambye , uru rwego rwafatwa nkinkingi ikomeye yubukungu bwu Rwanda. Kubera ko u Rwanda ruri kure yinyanja ntirugire umutungo kamere uhagije, Leta igomba gufata iya mbere mu guteza imbere politiki ishyigikira ishoramari muri serivisi kugira ngo rubone kandi rugumane akarusho muri serivisi zinoze mu rwego rwakarere. Icyakora birum vikana ko ishyirwaho ryizi politiki ryonyine ridahagije kugira ngo hubakwe bwa bukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi. Ishoramari rihagije mu bikorwa remezo nkingufu, amazi, itumanaho no gutwara abantu nibintu ni ngombwa kugira ngo ibiciro bigabanuke kandi hagati aho agaciro no kwizerwa byiyongere. Kongerera agaciro urwego rwuburezi nurwubuzima bizaba ngombwa kugira ngo haboneke abakozi bashoboye umurimo kandi batanga umusaruro.

Ishusho ya 1 : Uko inzego zingenzi zubukungu zigomba guhinduka ( 20002020)

Uruhare rwa buri rwego rw'ubukungu muri GDP (%)

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2004 Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi 2008 Inganda 2012 Serivisi 2016 2020

3.3. Igihe Kirambye: Kugira icyiciro cyabaturage benshi bari mu bikorwa byongera ubukungu no guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo kwihangira imirimo Inzira yiterambere nibikorwa byo kugwiza umutungo ntibishobora - mu gihe kirekire - kugerwaho na Leta yonyine kabone niyo yunganiwe n amafaranga atangwa nabaterankunga. Nubwo bwose bombi bagomba kubigiramo uruhare, inkingi ikomeye yicyo gikorwa igomba gushingira ku mubare mwinshi wa ba Rwiyemezamirimo babanyarwanda bari mu bikorwa byubukungu biciriritse binyuranye. Umuco wo guhanga imirimo ibyara inyungu ugomba gutezwa imbere kugira ngo ukomeze kuba imbarutso yo kongera ubukungu, guhanga imirimo no kunoza imikorere hashyizw e imbere gushakisha inyungu.

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Gukebura abikorera, byumwihariko mu birebana no kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikagira ubushobozi bwo guhangana nibikorerwa mu bindi bihugu, ntibyazashoboka hatabaye ho kwagura no gushimangira urwego rwimari, urwamabanki, urwubwishingizi nurwikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho. Kubonera igihugu abaturage bafite ubumenyi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane cyane mu bijyanye nikoranabuhanga bizaba ngombwa kugira ngo hashimangirwe inyungu ziterambere zizaba zagezweho uhereye mu gihe cya vuba ndetse no mu gihe giciriritse. U Rwanda r ugomba gufata inzira iruganisha ku kuba rwagira isoko rwihariye mu rwego rwakarere nko kuba rwahinduka isangano ryitumanaho. B iteganijwe ko hamwe nizo mpinduramatwara, u Rwanda ruzahinduka cyane, rukava mu bukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi bwamaburakindi maze rukaba igihugu gishingiye ku bumenyi, gifite ba Rwiyemezamirimo bakerebutse. Igika gikurikira kirerekana inzira nintambwe zingenzi izi mpinduka zizanyuramo .

4. Inkingi zIcyerekezo 2020

Igika cya 3 cyavugaga muri rusange uko ibikorwa binyuranye bizakurikirana. Muri iki hakubiyemo ingingo shingiro zIcyerekezo 2020 zavuzwe, buri yose ukwayo. Ibigamijwe mu Cyerekezo 2020 bikubiye mu nkingi 6 zihuzwa nimbariro 3. Iki gika rero kikaba kirebera hamwe inkingi, naho imbariro zazo tukazisanga mu gika cya 5 gikurikira iki. Imbonerahamwe ya 2: Inkingi zIcyerekezo 2020 nimbariro zizihuza Inkingi zIcyerekezo 2020 1. Ubuyobozi bwiza na Leta ifite ubushobozi 2. Iterambere ryubukungu bushingiye ku bantu bafite ubushobozi no ku bumenyi 3. Iterambere rishyigikiwe nabikorera 4. Iterambere ryibikorwa remezo 5. Iterambere ryubuhinzi bugamije inyongeragaciro kandi burangamiye isoko 6. Kwinjira mu rusobe rwubukungu rwo mu Karere nurwo mu rwego mpuzamahanga 3. Ubumenyi n ikoranabuhanga, harimo ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT) Imbariro z Icyerekezo 2020 1.U buringa nire bwabagore nabagabo 2. Kubungabunga Ibidukikije no gucunga neza umutungo kamere

4.1. Ubuyobozi bwiza na Leta ifite ubushobozi U Rwanda ruzahinduka igihugu giteye imbere , cyunze ubumwe kandi gitengamaye gishingiye ku byiza biri mu muco wacyo. Igihugu kizugururira amahanga amarembo yacyo hatibagiwe Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga. Abanyarwanda bazaba abantu basangiye icyerekezo kimwe cyejo hazaza kandi biteguye gutanga umusanzu wabo kugira ngo ubusabane mu mibereho myiza, ubutabera no kunganya amahirwe bishinge imizi. 12

U Rwanda rwiyemeje kuba Leta ifite ubushobozi, irangwa no kubaha amategeko ashyigikiye kandi arinda abenegihugu bose nta vangura. Leta ih ora itekereza uburenganzira bwabatuye igihugu, ubumwe nimibereho myiza byabo; Leta kandi ikomeza igihugu igashimangira umutekano wacyo. Impinduka zikenewe mu rwego rwubukungu nimibereho myiza yabaturage ntizishoboka mu gihe Leta yaba idafite ingufu nubushobozi bihagije . Mu byukuri, uruhare rwa Leta ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho iterambere ryubukungu nimibereho myiza. Nyamara muri ino minsi ubushobozi bucye bwa Leta yu Rwanda butuma izo mpinduka zitagerwaho. Ibyo bikaba bituma ari ngombwa kwihutisha iterambere hiyambazwa abantu bimpuguke mu nzego za Leta bakanunganira nizindi nzego cyane cyane urwabikorera, maze bagafasha gutekereza no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ningamba biboneye. Mu magambo ma ke, igihugu gikeneye inzego za Leta zikoresha abantu bake ariko bakora neza ku buryo bifasha u Rwanda kuba igihugu gifite ijambo mu ruhando rwamahanga mu rwego rwubukungu. Leta izibanda ku guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza irangwa no gukorera mu mucyo, gusobanurira rubanda ibyo ukora no gukorana umwete mu gucunga neza ibya rubanda. Ibyo bivuga kandi Leta yubaha inzego zubuyobozi bwishyiriweho nabaturage, ikubahiriza amategeko ndetse ikabungabunga uburenganzira bwa muntu byumwihariko. Uruhare rwabaturage mu nzego zibanze ruzashyigikirwa mu nzira yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage , ibi bikazatuma izo nzego zishobora gufata ibyemezo abaturage bagizemo uruhare, bityo bakabasha kubonera ibisubizo ibibazo bibaremereye kurusha ibindi. Gusana u Rwanda nimibanire myiza yabarutuye bishyigikiwe nimiyoborere myiza ishimangiwe na Leta ifite ubushobozi, bifatwa nkikintu cyibanze kitagomba kubura kugira ngo iterambere riboneye ryizindi nkingi ribaduke 4. 4.2. Iterambere ryubukungu bushingiye ku bantu bafite ubushobozi no ku bumenyi Uretse kuvuga imibereho myiza yabaturage muri rusange, iterambere mu rwego rwuburezi nurwubuzima rirakenewe mu kubaka imbaraga nubushobozi byabakozi babasha gutanga umusaruro utubutse. Ibi bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo u Rwanda rugire ubukungu bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bushingiye ku bumenyi. (i) Uburezi U Rwanda rwiyemeje kugera ku Burezi bwa bose, iyi ikaba ari imwe mu ntego zikomeye ziterambere ryikinyagihumbi. Nyamara, hakenewe bigaragara kwigisha no guhugura abaturage ku nzego zose: amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye namakuru na za Kaminuza; byumwihariko hakazirikanwa ku gaciro kinyigisho zitangwa. Aka gaciro kari karagabanutse kubera ahanini

Nyamara, nt ituzahwema gutsindagira ko za nkingi 6 nimbariro 3 bigomba kudasigana ibi bikubiye mu gika cya 3.

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abarimu badafite ubushobozi, bityo rero Leta ikaba izategura gahunda zifite ireme zo k wigisha no guhugura abarimu. Hazibandwa cyane ku nyigisho zimyuga na tekiniki mu rwego rwikoranabuhanga, gukora, gukoresha no gukanika imashini zikoreshwa mu mirimo itandukanye irimo niyinganda, no mu icungamutungo. Ibi bizareba cyane cyane amashuri yisumbuye , ariko bizanareba nibindi byiciro binyuranye byabaturage (hazibandwa byumwihariko ku rubyiruko no ku bari nabategarugori). Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iterambere ryubushobozi bwabantu, gahunda zo gutanga inguzanyo ziciriritse zizitabwaho ku buryo bwihariye kugirango zifashe abanyabwenge bakiri bato mu kwihangira imirimo. Umwihariko udasanzwe uzaba kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo bazajya bihangira ibikorwa bito bito. Mu rwego rwo gushimangira ubushobozi bukenewe kugira ngo umuntu abashe kugera ku ntego yiyemeje no guhora hongerwa ubumenyi nubushobozi ubutitsa, gahunda zihariye zizasakazwa mu nzego za Leta hagamijwe amahugurwa atangwa nibigo byabugenewe. U Rwanda rwarakererewe mu nyigisho zimyuga, bityo icyuho kinini kikaba kigaragarira mu guhuza ubumenyi bwabantu nimirimo bakora cyane cyane mu buhanga no mu ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT). Nubwo igihugu gikomeza kugendera k u ikoranabuhanga kirahura mu bihugu byateye imbere, abana bacyo bize bakanazobera bazaba bakenewe kugirango bayobore kandi babungabunge umusingi wikoranabuhanga kuva mu rwego rwubuvuzi kugera ku buhinzi unyuze mu nganda nitumanaho. Kugira ngo Icyerekezo 2020 kigerweho, bizaba ngombwa cyane guhuza politiki yuburezi niterambere ryinzego zose hamwe na politiki yumurimo. Ni ngombwa cyane kumva ko ishoramari rikenewe mu iterambere ry urwego rwinganda nurwimirimo ritazagira icyo rigeraho nta bakozi binzobere bahari. (ii) Ubuzima nibibazo bijyanye nubwiyongere bwabaturage Kuri ubu abaturage bu Rwanda bagera hafi miliyoni umunani, ubucucike bukaba buri mu buri hejuru kurusha ahandi muri Afurika nubwiyongere bwabaturage na bwo buri hejuru cyane, hafi 3% ku mwaka (imibare yo mu mwaka wa 2000) . Ibi ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zigabanuka ryihuse ryumutungo kamere bikanagira ningaruka z ubukene ninzara. Umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwabaturage uterwa nibintu byinshi birimo: (1) uburumbuke bwabagore buri hejuru, bukaba bujyanirana (2) numuco wo gukunda kubyara abana benshi, (3) ukugabanuka kwimfu zabana (4) nukwabaturage bapfa muri muri rusange , bitewe nibihe n imiterere yaho abanyarwanda batuye hatarangwa ibyorezo bikunze kuzonga abaturage. U Rwanda rufata abaturage barwo nkumutungo wimena kandi rukaba rwariyemeje kubashoramo ingufu kugira ngo babe ari bo shingiro ryiterambere. Urebye intambwe igenda iterwa mu micungire ya politiki yubwiyongere bwabaturage, u Rwanda rurateganya kugabanya ikigereranyo cyimbyaro ku munyarwandakazi, mu myaka 20, kikava ku bana 6 kikagera kuri 4,5 no kugabanya umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwabaturage ukagera kuri 2,2% ku mwaka . Nubwo bwose ubuzima bwabaturage bu Rwanda bwagiye burushaho kuba bwiza mu myaka ishize, uko bumeze ubu ntibishimishije cyane. Ubwiganze bwa malariya buri ku gipimo cya 40% zindwara byabisuzumisha kwa muganga, naho ubwubwandu bwagakoko gatera SIDA buhwanye na 13% byabaturage bose, ibi bikaba ari inzitizi zikomeye ku bukungu bwigihugu. Intego zigamijwe mu myaka 20 iri imbere mu rwego rwubuzima zirimo: kugabanya umubare wabana bapfa bakivuka ukava ku bana 107 ku gihumbi ukagera ku bana 50 ku gihumbi no 14

kugabanya umubare wababyeyi bapfa babyara ukava kuri 1070 ku nda ibihumbi ijana zavutse ukagera ku babyeyi 200 ku nda ibihumbi ijana. Imyaka yo kurama izazamuka ive ku myaka 49 igere ku myaka 55; malariya nizindi ndwara zibyorezo zizahashywa nubwandu bwa SIDA bumanuke buve kuri 13% bugere ku 8%. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, politiki yubuzima igomba kwibanda ku baturage bakennye kurusha abandi bakoroherezwa kuvurwa, bakakirwa neza nabaganga, bakabona imiti kandi bakagabanyirizwa ibiciro. Kuboneza imbyaro ni ngombwa kugira ngo umubare wabana bavuka nubwiganze bwicyorezo cya SIDA bigabanuke. Politiki yubwiyongere bwabaturage igomba guhuza ningamba ziteganijwe kugira ngo zibashe guhangana nibibazo bigaragara mu rwego rwubuzima. Koko rero, ubukene buhora ari imvano yubuzima bubi nkuko ubuzima bubi nabwo ari impamvu itoroshye yubukene. 4.3. Iterambere rishyigikiwe nabikorera Kugira icyiciro cyabikorera bafite ingufu ku buryo basimbura Leta mu bik orwa bimwe na bimwe ni moteri ya ngombwa yizamuka ryubukungu niterambere ryu Rwanda. Hamwe nuko hazabaho iterambere ryubukungu, ibi bizaba imbarutso yo kugira abanyarwanda bari ku rwego ruciriritse rwa ba rwiyemezamirimo bazafasha guteza imbere no gushimangira amahame ya Demokarasi. Nubwo bwose igihugu kirangamiye ishoramari ritaziguye ryabanyamahanga, uruhare rwa ba rwiyemezamirimo babanyarwanda ruza guma kuba ngombwa mu iterambere. Leta yu Rwanda izagenda ireka gukora imirimo bigaragara ko ba rwiyemezamirimo bashoboye . Leta ikaba yariyemeje politiki yo kwegurira abikorera ibigo byayo nimigabane ifite mu bigo byubucuruzi; iyi politiki ikazafasha mu kugabanya ibiciro no gutanga urubuga rwagutse rwo guhitamo ku baguzi. Leta izakora nkumuhwituzi ureba ko ibikorwa remezo, ubushobozi bwabantu nibijyanye namategeko bibereye ku buryo byorohereza ishoramari ryabikorera. Iterambere ry urwego rw imari rizaba ngombwa cyane cyane ko ritigeze rizamuka kandi ritahujwe nibikenewe mu bukungu bwigihugu. Uru rwego rwimari rugomba gushobora kubona amafaranga ya ngombwa yo gutera inkunga ibikorwa bigamije iterambere ryabikorera. Leta izashyigikira kandi ubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu itunganya ahantu hujuje ibya ngombwa nkenerwa ho gutunganyiriza umusaruro wibikorerwa mu gihugu ku buryo nabanyemari babanyamahanga bakwitabira gufatanya na bagenzi babo babanyarwanda. Iterambere ryurwego rw abikorera ntir izagarukira ku bikorwa bihambaye gusa. Icyiciro cyabakora imirimo iciriritse kizatezwa imbere na cyo; aha twavuga nk icyiciro cyabadandaza, amagaraji, abanya bukorikori nabandi. Umwihariko udasanzwe uzashyirwa ku guhanga imirimo. Mu myaka 40 yubukoloni, ubukungu bwu Rwanda bwashoboye guhanga imirimo 200.000 yonyine hanze y iyo mu buhinzi. Mu gihe ibikorwa bijyanye no kuboneza imbyaro biza genda birushaho kuzana impinduka nziza , hateganijwe ko abaturage batazarenga miliyoni 13 mu mwaka wa 2020, muri bo miliyoni 7 bazabeshwaho nindi mirimo itari iyubuhinzi. Bityo rero, bizaba ngombwa guhanga imirimo ita ri iyubuhinzi miliyoni imwe nibihumbi magana ane (1.400.000). Duhereye ku mateka yaranze ubukungu bwu Rwanda mu myaka ishize, biraboneka ko iki ari ikibazo cyingorabahizi, urwego rw abikorera rugomba kubonera igisubizo.

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4.4. Iterambere ryibikorwa re mezo Gusana no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora ubucuruzi mu Rwanda ; bityo bikareshya abashoramari, baba abo mu gihugu ndetse nabo mu mahanga. (i) Imicungire nimikoreshereze yubutaka Imicungire n imikoreshereze yubutaka ni inkingi ikomeye yibanze mu iterambere ryu Rwanda. Bishingiye ku ibura rikomeye ryubutaka , gahunda iboneye yimicungire yabwo izaba ngombwa kugira ngo habeho kububyaza umusaruro mwinshi mu iterambere ryimijyi niryibyaro. Muri iki gihe, ubutaka bwu Rwanda bukoreshwa mu buryo budatanga umusaruro uhagije kandi budashobora no kuramba; ibyo bikagabanya inyungu zibibukomokaho nizibikorwa remezo ari na ko bigabanya ubushobozi bwigihugu bwo gucunga neza amazi yimvura. Mu rwego rwo guhangana niki kibazo, itegeko rigenga ubutaka kandi ryizeza abantu uburenganzira nubwisanzure ku mutungo wubutaka ni ngombwa. U Rwanda ruzakomeza politiki iboneye yimidugudu ishingiye ku bikorwa byubukungu. Imidugudu yo mu cyaro izagezwaho ibikorwa remezo kugira ngo ihinduke ahantu hashobora gukorerwa ibikorwa byubukungu. U bu buryo bushya bwimiturire buzaba imbarutso yiterambere ryimirimo itari iyubuhinzi ibyara inyungu. Isaranganywa ryubutaka rizanonosorwa kugira ngo haboneke ubutaka bwo gukorerwaho ubuhinzi nubworozi bya kijyambere ku buryo burambye. (ii) Iterambere ryimijyi Mu Rwanda imiturire mu mijyi iracyari hasi ariko iragenda ku muvuduko wihuse. Iyi miturire yakunze gukorwa huti huti mu kajagari ku buryo ibikorwa remezo nkenerwa mu rwego rwimibereho myiza yabaturage no guhanga imirimo byasigaye inyuma cyane. Mbere yumwaka wa 2010, buri mujyi ugomba kuba ufite igishushanyo mbonera cyawo na gahunda inoze yimicungire yubutaka byagiye bihuzwa nigihe. U Rwanda ruzateza imbere ibikorwa remezo byibanze mu mijyi nahandi hateganirijwe ibindi bikorwa byiterambere kugira ngo ahantu ho guhinga hitarure. Ikigereranyo cyabatuye imijyi kiziyongera bave kuri 10% (2000) bagere kuri 30% mu 2020 (bivuye kuri 5% mu mwaka w1995). Ikinyuranyo hagati yumusaruro wabatuye mu mijyi nuwabatuye mu byaro kizakomeza kuba ku kigero kiringaniye kubera ko ibikorwa byubukungu bimwe na bimwe bizaba byegerejwe abaturage. (iii) Ubwikorezi U Rwanda ni igihugu kiri kure yinyanja bikagira ingaruka ku biciro byubwikorezi ugana ku byambu bya Kenya na Tanzaniya. Kubera iyo mpamvu rero, ni ngombwa gutekereza byihutirwa ku bundi buryo buhendutse bwo gutwara ibintu nabantu kugera ku nyanja , nko kubaka umuhanda wa Gari ya Moshi ihuza u Rwanda niya Isaka muri Tanzaniya nindi yasanganira iyo muri Uganda. Inzira ya gari ya mos hi yakunganirwa nubwikorezi bwo mu mazi, ishobora guhuza u Rwanda na Gari ya Moshi ya Banguela (muri Angola) na yo ikwiye gutekerezwaho. Byongeye kandi, ikibuga cyindege cya kabiri gifite ubushobozi bunini gishobora kuba isangano ryakarere kIbiyaga bigari kizubakwa. Ku bireba isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, u Rwanda rufite imihanda myiza izakomeza kwagurwa no gufatwa neza.

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(iv) Itumanaho nikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT) Itumanaho mu Rwanda riri ha si cyane. Ishingiye ku buto bwigihugu, ku bucucike bwabaturage no ku rurimi rukoreshwa na bose, Politiki yitumanaho izabasha kureshya abashoramari kugira ngo ibikorwa byo muri uru rwego byegurirwe abikorera. U Rwanda rurateganya ko mbere yumwaka wa 2020 buri rwego rwubuyobozi, buri kigo cyamashuri yisumbuye no mu bitari bike byabanza hazaba hageze umuyoboro wa internet . Itumanaho rikoresha telefoni rizihutishwa mu byaro kandi imirimo ya Leta izarushaho kwihuta kubera isakazwa ryumuyoboro wa internet uhuza inzego zose za Leta ari wo e-government . (v) Ingufu Ikwirakwizwa ryingufu zamashanyarazi ritanoze kandi rihenze ni inzitizi ikomeye ku majyambere. Abanyarwanda bagera kuri 99% baracyakoresha ingufu zitangwa ninkwi. Ibi bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwangiza amashyamba binagira ingaruka mbi ku butaka. Ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli biva hanze bitwara amafaranga arenze 40% yibicuruzwa u Rwanda rugura mu mahanga. U Rwanda rukaba rero ruzongera umusaruro wingufu kandi runyuranye amoko yingufu zishobora gukoreshwa. Kugira ngo rubishobore, u Rwanda rufite imigezi ishobora kubyazwa amashanyarazi, tutirengagije Gaz Methane nyinshi yo mu kiyaga cya Kivu bavuga ko ingana na miliyari 60 za metero kibe (m3). Mu cyaro, ingufu zituruka ku mirasire yizuba zishobora gukoreshwa ndetse biranashoboka gucukura kugeza kuri 1/3 cya miliyoni 155 zamatoni ya nyiramugengeri dufite mu butaka. U Rwanda ruteganya ko, mbere yumwaka wa 2020, nibura 35% byabaturage bazaba bafite amashanyarazi (bavuye kuri 2% mu mwaka wa 2000) ku buryo ikoreshwa ryinkwi ryagabanuka rikava kuri 94% rikagera kuri 50%. (vi) Amazi Imibare yo muri 2000 igaragaza ko abanyarwanda 52% bonyine ari bo babona amazi meza. Amazi akoreshwa ku munsi abarirwa ku malitiro 8,15 ku muntu mu cyaro; bikaba biri kure yabarwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga angana na litiro 20. Nyamara igihugu gifite amazi menshi ashobora gukoreshwa cyangwa gukenerwa mu buhinzi. Ibi birimo imvura zihagije (hagati ya milimetero 900 na milimetero 1800 ku mwaka), ibiyaga, inzuzi nimigezi byinshi. Hari kandi amazi menshi mu misozi miremire yo mu Burengerazuba bwigihugu ashobora gukoreshwa akuruwe akagezwa mu turere twAmajyepfo nutwAmajyepfo yUburasirazuba tuzwiho kubura amazi. Kugirango intego zijyanye nibirebana namazi zigerweho, nkuko zerekanwa mu Cyerekezo 2020, igihugu kizagomba kongera umubare wabantu babona amazi meza ho 2,5% buri mwaka kugira ngo abanyarwanda bose bazabe bafite amazi anyobwa mbere ya 2020. (vii) Icunga ryimyanda Uburyo bwo kuyobora ama zi yanduye akoreshwa mu ngo bugera kuri 85% byabaturage naho 64% yimisarane ntiyujuje ibya ngombwa byibanze mu rwego rwisuku. Gukoresha amazi yanduye ni inkomoko nini yindwara zibyorezo zikwirakwizwa numwanda utembanwa nayo mazi. Imyubakire yo mu mijyi mu kajagari nta buryo bubereye bwo kuyobora amazi mu miyoboro yabugenewe byongera ibibazo byubuzima. Uburyo budafashije bwo kuyobora amazi akoreshwa mu ngo iyo bwiyongereyeho amazi yimvura atarateganyirijwe inzira byangiza imihanda cyangwa bigatera ibidendezi maze bikarema indiri zindwara zibyorezo byibasira abantu namatungo. 17

Kubera ko inyubako nyinshi zubatse mu mpinga no mu mabanga yimisozi, amasoko yamazi aba ashobora kwanduzwa buri gihe nimiyoboro yamazi yo mu ngo iba itari myiza nibindi bikorwa byabantu byanduza amazi. Biragaragara ko abantu bubaka batabanje gutekereza ku ngaruka icunga ribi ryimyanda rigira ku bidukikije. Mbere yumwaka wa 2020, abatuye mu byaro n o mu mijyi bagomba kuzaba b afite uburyo buhagije bw o kuyobora no gucunga amazi yanduye. Buri mujyi ugomba kugira ibya ngombwa bisabwa kugirango ibishingwe bitunganywe. Abaturage bazaba barazobereye mu bijyanye nisuku n isukura ku buryo bazajya babyikorera. 4.5. Ubuhinzi bwinyongeragaciro bushingiye k u isoko Kuva u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge, politiki yubukungu yarwo iboneka nkiyubakiwe ku buhinzi nka moteri yingenzi yizamurabukungu. Nyamara urwego rwubuhinzi rwakomeje kugira ibigwi bike bitewe nuburumbuke bwagiye bugaba nuka aho kwiyongera. Bizaba ngombwa gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yiterambere ihindura imyumvire y ubuhinzi bwirenzamunsi yataye agaciro. Ikibazo cyingutu kidindiza iterambere ryubuhinzi bwu Rwanda nt igishingiye ku butaka buto nkuko abenshi babyemeza, ahubwo ni uburumbuke buke bujyanye n imihingire yirenzamunsi ikorwa mu buryo bwa gakondo. Icyerekezo cya politiki yubuhinzi kigomba kuvugururwa kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ubuhinzi bubyara umusaruro mwinshi ku buryo ubwiyongere bwawo buva kuri 4,5% bukagera kuri 5% buri mwaka. Ibi bishobora kugerwaho binyujijwe mu bihingwa bifite inyongeragaciro iri hejuru no gucunga ubworozi mu buryo bwa gihanga bugezweho. Icyerekezo kigamije gusimbuza ubuhinzi bwingandurarugo urwego rwubuhinzi buzanira nyirabwo amafaranga kandi bugamije umusaruro wo gucuruza mbere yumwaka wa 2020. Ibyingenzi politiki ikwiye kwitaho vuba kurusha ibindi kugira ngo iri hinduka ribe ni ibi bikurikira : Kuvugurura amategeko no kubaka inzego kugira ngo habeho umutekano nubwisanzure ku mutungo ujyanye nubutaka; Guteza imbere imicungire yumutungo ujyanye nubutaka nkigishoro mu bikorwa byamajyambere; Gukora ubushakashatsi bugamije kongera umusaruro nimirimo mu rwego rwubuhinzi; Gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo byo mu cyaro; Guhitamo no gukoresha imbuto z itanga um usaruro mwinshi mu buhinzi harimo no gukoresha ifumbire ; Guteza imbere inganda zishingiye ku buhinzi; Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije kugira ngo ikendera ryuburumbuke bwubutaka rirangire; Kunoza uburyo bwo kugeza inguzanyo mu byaro no gutunganya amasoko yumusaruro.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ingamba ziterambere ry ubukungu zisaba ibintu binyuranye bitari ibyo mu buhinzi gusa. Ubuhinzi buzatezwa imbere kugira ngo bubashe kubonera izindi nzego imirimo ibushamikiyeho nkiyo mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, bityo iterambere ryabwo ryaguke rigere no mu zindi nzego zubukungu. Byongeye kandi, umuntu ashobora kwizera ko ibyavuzwe 18

haruguru bitareba ubuhinzi bwonyine ahubwo ko binashyigikira ubukungu bwo mu cyaro muri rusange . 4.6. Kwin jira mu rusobe rwubukungu rwo mu karere nurwo mu rwego mpuzamahanga U Rwanda rusanga kwinjira mu rusobe rwubukungu rwo mu karere ari kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bikenewe kugira ngo rugere ku Cyerekezo 2020. Kubera ibyo rero, bizaba ngombwa gushyiraho politiki yubwisanzure mu bucuruzi igabanya imisoro ya gasutamo nizindi mbogamizi, inabasha kureshya ishoramari ritaziguye ryabanyamahanga. Ikindi ni uko bikenewe cyane gushyiraho politiki ishyigikiye ipiganwa ryinganda no mu bucuruzi bwibintu byoherezwa mu mahanga no gukunda guhanga imirimo aho gukingira ikibaba inganda zidafite ubushobozi bukwiye . Gushimangira ibikorwa by ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT) bizatuma inganda zo mu Rwanda zigira ubushobozi bwo gupiganwa nizo mu mahanga. Icyerekezo cyo kugera ku masoko yo mu karere yagutse kurushaho kizaherekezwa na gahunda yishoramari mu bikorwa remezo kugira ngo giteze imbere u Rwanda nkisangano ryitumanaho. Ikindi, u Rwanda rukwiye gushingira ku gace ruherereyemo maze rukaboneraho rugahinduka ikigega cyibicuruzwa biranguzwa mu karere. Gutunganya ahantu hagenewe inganda zitunganya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byunganiwe namavugururwa azakorwa mu rwego rwinganda yavuzwe haruguru, bizaha igihugu amahirwe yo gukomeza imbaraga zacyo mu rwego rwitumanaho na serivisi kugira ngo gisingire inyungu zizagenda zizanwa nizamuka ryubutwererane mu karere kIbiyaga bigari nakAfurika yUburasirazuba.

5. Imbariro zIcyerekezo 2020

Uretse za nkingi 6 , Icyerekezo 2020 gifite imbariro eshatu (3) zihuza izo nkingi; izo mbariro ni: uburinganire bwabagore nabagabo, kubungabunga umutungo kamere nibidukikije, hamwe numuco, ubumenyi nikoranabuhanga. Izi mbariro zigira aho zihurira nivugururwa ryubukungu kandi zikagira uruhare rukomeye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryintego ziterambere ryIcyerekezo 2020. 5.1. Uburinganire bwabagore nabagabo. Abagore bagize 53% byabaturage bu Rwanda kandi benshi muri bo batunzwe nubuhinzi bwirenzamunsi kurusha abagabo. Ubusanzwe bagaburira umuryango bakanita ku bana babamenyera uburere bwibanze. Kugera vuba aha ariko abakobwa bari bake mu mashuri yisumbuye, abagore ntibageraga ku mahirwe ahabwa abagabo kandi bari bake mu nzego zifata ibyemezo. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rugere ku buringanire bwabagabo nabagore ruzibanda ku kuvugurura amategeko ashyigikira uburinganire bwabagore nabagabo. Ruzashyigikira uburezi kuri bose, rurandurane nimizi ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose, rurwanye ubukene kandi rugire politiki yumwitangirizwa uhabwa abagore. Uburinganire buzafatwa nkurubariro ruhuza politiki zose ziterambere.

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5.2. Kubungabunga Umutungo kamere nibidukikije Ikibazo cyingutu mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda ni ubusumbane buri hagati yabaturage numutungo kamere (ubutaka, amazi, amashyamba, inyamaswa numutungo ushira byagiye bikendera mu myaka yashize). Iryo kendera riboneka mu itemwa ryamashyamba ku bwinshi, igabanuka rikabije ryibinyabuzima binyuranye, isuri ninkangu, imy anda ihumanya imigezi, inzuzi, nibiyaga nikendera ryurusobe rwahantu hibinyabuzima hamanegeka, nkibishanga. Izamuka ryubwiyongere bwabaturage rya 3% ku mwaka hagati y1980 na 1990 ryarihuse kurusha umusaruro wo mu buhinzi wari 2,2%. Ibyo byatumye abantu batura ahatabigenewe bituma kandi ubutaka bukendera. Ibyo bibazo bijyanye nibidukikije bya huhuwe niyubakwa ryinganda zimena imyanda yazo idatunganijwe mu migezi no mu biyaga. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rugire iterambere rirambye, ruzakoresha ubuhanga bubereye bwo gucunga ubutaka namazi bijyanye na politike nzima irebana n urusobe rwibinyabuzima binyuranye naho biba. 5.3. Ubumenyi nikorana buhanga harimo ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT) Abanyarwanda bishimira umuco wabo na Leta ikaba igomba gukora ku buryo yakura inyungu muri uwo murage mwiza mu mpande zawo zose mu nzira igana iterambere. Nyamara, kugira ngo iyo nzira igana amajyambere igeze igihugu aho cyerekeza, u Rwanda rugomba kureba imbere maze rukabyaza umusaruro ibigezweho biri mu bumenyi nikoranabuhanga kugira ngo rwuzuze imbaraga ndanga muco zarwo. Mu Rwanda, ikigereranyo cyo kwinjiza ubumenyi nikoranabuhanga mu buzima bujyanye nimibereho nubukungu kiracyari hasi cyane kandi ibura ryabakozi bimpuguke mu byubuhanga zabigize umwuga rigaragara ku nzego zose. Kuva ubu kugera mu mwaka wa 2020, u Rwanda rushaka kugira aba ntu bahagije bafite ubumenyi, ubuhanga nikoranabuhanga bakenewe mu iterambere ryubukungu bwigihugu. Ni ngombwa gushaka, gusakaza no gukomeza gushakisha ubushobozi mu bumenyi nibigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo byinjizwe mu rusobe rwiterambere ryimibereho myiza niryubukungu bwigihugu. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rugere kuri iyi ntego, ruzagomba kuzamura inyigisho zubumenyi nizikoranabuhanga mu mashuri yisumbuye namakuru. Ibi bizorohereza abashaka gushinga imirimo yikoranabuhanga rihanitse niriciriritse kandi binateze imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha ICT kugera ku nzego zibanze zubuyobozi, nkuko biteganywa mu igenamigambi ryigihugu muri ICT.

6. Inzira yo kugera ku Cyerekezo 2020

Aha ikigamijwe ni ukwerekana ukuntu Icyerekezo 2020 cyu Rwanda kizagerwaho biciye mu igenamigambi ryigihugu. Iyi nzira igaragaza kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo hashobore gupimwa uko intego zigenda zigerwaho. Ibipimo byimbonerahamwe yubukungu nibyavuzwe ko bizagerwaho bigomba kugaragazwa kandi bikerekana neza uburyo amafaranga yo gushyira mu bikorwa icyerekezo 2020 a zaboneka. 20

6.1. Uko igenamigambi ryu Rwanda rizajyana nishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020 Kugira ngo Icyerekezo 2020 nibyifuzo byavuzwe haruguru bishyirwe mu bikorwa bitaruhanije , ni ngombwa ko byinjizwa mu bikorwa byose byigenamigambi, byumwihariko inyandiko zigenamigambi ryigihe cya vuba nigiciriritse. Kubera ibyo rero, ibyifuzwa mu gihe kirekire bikubiye mu Cyerekezo 2020 bizagaragazwa muri gahunda zigihe giciriritse ari zo Ingamba zIgihugu zo Kurwanya Ubukene (PRSP) nIngamba zIgihugu zIshoramari (NIS). Ingamba zIgihugu zo Kurwanya Ubukene (PRSP) zizashyirwa mu bikorwa zinyujijwe mu ngamba zihariye ziterambere zunganiwe na Gahunda zIterambere ryUturere nImijyi mu gihe giciriritse. Ingamba zihariye z iterambere na gahunda z amajyambere zinzego zegereye abaturage zizashyirwa mu bikorwa binyujijwe muri Gahunda yImyaka Itatu Igaragaza Ingengo yImari Iteganyirizwa Ibikorwa bya Leta (MTEF) na Gahunda yImyaka Itatu yIshoramari rya Leta (PIP); izi gahunda akaba ari zo zigaragaza gahunda yibikorwa byumwaka bya buri rwego ari na byo bishingirwaho mu gutegura ingengo yimari ya buri mwaka. Intambwe iterwa mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubukene , binyujijwe muri MTEF, izakurikiranwa kugira ngo bifashe mu itegurwa ryigenamigambi ryihariye ry inzego zinyuranye niryUturere. (Reba ishusho ya 2)

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Ishusho ya 2 : Gushyira Icyerekezo 2020 mu bikorwa

Icyerekezo 2020

NIS Ingamba zo kugabanya ubukene

Ingamba Zihariye

Ingamba zIterambere mu Ntara no mu Karere

MTEF Gahunda zibikorwa byumwaka Ingengo zImari zumwaka Gahunda zibikorwa byumwaka

Ikurikirana nisuzumabikorwa

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6.2. Amikoro yo gushyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020 : ikigenekerezo cyingaruka ku bipimo byubukungu rusange Gushyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020 bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibyifuzo byabanyarwanda. Dore bimwe mu bipimo byashingiweho kugira ngo hapimwe ikigenekerezo c yimihindagurikire yubukungu rusange biturutse ku gushyira Icyerekezo 2020 mu bikorwa: (1) Ubwiyongere kwabaturage bubariwe ku mpuzandengo ya 2.7% kugera muri 2020; (2) Kugira ngo u Rwanda ruhinduke igihugu gifite umutungo uciriritse aho buri muturage abona ama dolari yamanyamerika 900 ku mwaka, u bwiyongere bwa GDP buteganyijwe kuba hejuru ya 7% buri mwaka muri icyo gihe; (3) Hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kubara isano iri hagati yubwiyongere bwubukungu nigipimo cyishoramari (ICOR), u Rwanda rugomba gushora imari ingana na 30% bya GDP kugira ngo rugere ku bwiyongere bwubukungu bwa 7% bwifuzwa; (4) Mu ntangiriro, ubuhinzi ni moteri yibanze yubwiyongere bwumusaruro kuko bufite ikigereranyo kirenze 45% bya GDP kugera mu mwaka wa 2010, naho uruhare rwinganda rukaba 20% mu gihe urwa serivisi ari 37%. Nyuma inganda na serivisi bizafata iya mbere, aho serivisi zizaba ku kigereranyo cya 42%, inganda kuri 26%, naho ubuhinzi bukazaba ari 33% bya GDP; (5) Ishoramari ryabikorera rizagira impuzandengo ya 20% bya GDP irya Leta rigire 8%; (6) Amafaranga yishoramari rya Leta rya buri mwaka azagenda yiyongera ku buryo azaba ageze kuri miliyari 605 zamafaranga yamanyarwanda mu mwaka 2020. Imbonerahamwe ya 3: Ibipimo byubukungu mu ntambwe zinyuranye zIcyerekezo 2020
Abaturage (Miliyoni) Umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage % Umusaruro (GDP) (Miliyari z'amafaranga) Ubwiyongere bw'ubukungu (%) Umusaruro ku muturage (RwF) Umusaruro ku muturage (USD) Umusaruro uva ku buhinzi n'ubworozi (Miliyari) Uruhare rw'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi (% GDP) Umusaruro uva kuri serivisi (Miliyari) Uruhare rwa serivisi (% GDP) Umusaruro uva ku nganda (Miliyari) Uruhare rw'inganda (% GDP) Ishoramari ry'imbere mu gihugu (Miliyari) Irya Leta Iry'abikorera Ishoramari ry'imbere mu gihugu (% GDP) Irya Leta Iry'abikorera Ingengo y'imari y'ubuzahuragihugu 2005 8.65 2.7 1,218.75 7 140,915.87 231.39 2010 9.88 2.7 2,147.85 8 217,369.10 336.48 2015 11.29 2.7 3,957.28 9 350,540.18 542.63 202 0 12.9 2.7 7,291.04 9 565,298.46 875.08

560.63 46 439 36 219 18 321.75 124.19 197.56 26 10 16 124.19

923.58 43 795 37 430 20 614.29 163.26 451.02 29 8 21 163.26

1,582.91 40 1,504 38 871 22 1,131.78 314.35 817.44 29 8 21 314.35

2,376.88 33 3,048 42 1,867 26 2,085.24 605.25 1,479.99 29 8 21 605.25

23

Ishusho ya 3 : Uruhare rw'Imirenge muri GDP (2000-2020)

8,000.00 7,000.00

RWF (Miliyari)

6,000.00 5,000.00 4,000.00 3,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 2005 2010 Umusaruro Rusange Serivisi(Miliyari) 2015 Ubworozi(Miliyari) Inganda(Miliyari) 2020

Ishusho ya 4 : Imirasuko ya GDP n'iy'ishoramari ku cyerekezo 2020

Rwf Miliyari

8000

7000

Umusaruro Rusange
6000

Ishoramari rusange
Ishoramari rya Leta

5000

Ishoramari ryabikorera

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

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Iyi karita yinzira igaragaza neza inzitizi u Rwanda ruzahura na zo kugira ngo rugere ku ntego zIcyerekezo 2020. Byumwihariko, u Rwanda rugomba gutekereza neza ku nzira zigenamigambi kugira ngo icyerekezo kibashe gushyirwa mu bikorwa, bityo hakabaho guhuza gahunda zibikorwa byihutirwa kurusha ibindi nisaranganya ryamikoro yigihugu. Ibi bikaba bisaba ko h ashyirwaho ingamba zo gukusanya imari ku buryo buhoraho, yaba iya leta, iva mu baterankunga niva mu bikorera. Nta gushidikanya ko aya mikoro yose nakoreshwa neza intego zIcyerekezo zizagerwaho. 6.3 Inzego zizashyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020 rishingiye ku bushobozi bwabagifitemo uruhare bose : Leta, abikorera, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abayobozi ku nzego zibanze, imiryango namashyirahamwe yabaturage ku rwego rwibanze, amadini, nabaterankunga mu bijyanye niterambere. Guverinoma ni rwo rwego rufite uruhare runini kurusha izindi mu gushyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020. Minisiteri ifite Igenamigambi mu nshingano zayo ihuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa, ikurikirana nisuzumabikorwa ryIcyerekezo. Ireba kandi niba ingamba z iterambere zihariye na gahunda zamajyambere zUturere bitegurwa na za Minisiteri nUturere bihuje nibikubiye mu Cyerekezo. Iyi minisiteri izashingwa byumwihariko: Guhuza ibirebana byose nishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020, Gukusanya no gusaranganya neza amikoro agenewe gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zingenzi zemejwe mu Cyerekezo 2020, Kubaka ubushobozi bwinzego z igenamigambi nizindi zishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa Icyerekezo 2020, Kureba ko ingamba zihariye ziterambere na gahunda z amajyambere zUturere zishingiye ku Cyerekezo 2020 zitegurwa ku buryo zihuzwa na PIP na MTEF n ingengo y imari yumwaka , Kureba ko hubatswe urwego rukora ikurikirana nisuzumabikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020, Gukora raporo igenewe Inama yAbaminisitiri yerekana ukuntu intego zIcyerekezo 2020 zigenda zigerwaho.

Inama yIgihugu Ngishwanama yIcyerekezo 2020 izajyaho kugira ngo igenzure kandi iyobore ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020 no kugira ngo irebe niba abantu bose bemeranya ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020 ryagezweho. Inama Ngishwanama ni urwego rwo guhuza abarebwa bose nIcyerekezo 2020 barimo inzego za Leta, abaterankunga, abikorera, imiryango namashyirahamwe ategamiye kuri Leta nabandi bose bafite icyo bakunganira mu migendekere myiza yIcyerekezo 2020. Ibikorwa byInama bizahuzwa na Minisiteri ifite Igenamigambi mu nshingano zayo. Hazashyirwaho amatsinda ya tekiniki yo kungurana ibitekerezo ku Cyerekezo 2020, azaba yubakiwe kuri za nkingi zicyerekezo 2020. Impamvu yishyirwaho ryaya matsinda ni ukugira ngo habeho guhuza ibikorwa no kunoza ubwuzuzanye hagati ya Politiki zinyuranye nibindi bikorwa byose no gutsura ibiganiro hagati yabarebwa nishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020 bose basenyera umugozi umwe.

25

Inzego zishyirwa mu bikorwa ryIcyerekezo 2020 Inama yAbaminisitiri

Minisiteri ifite Igenamigambi mu nshingano zayo

Inama yIgihugu Ngishwanama ku Cyerekezo 2020

Itsinda tekiniki

Itsinda tekiniki

Itsinda tekiniki

Itsinda tekiniki

Itsinda tekiniki

Itsinda tekiniki

Minisiteri yImari nIgenamigambi izategura ku buryo burambuye ibirebana na buri tsinda ninshingano zaryo ndetse nizInama yIgihugu Ngishwanama.

Umwanzuro
Icyerekezo 2020 cyerekana imigambi ifite amatwara yo kuvana abanyarwanda mu bukene no guhindura u Rwanda igihugu gifite ubukungu buciriritse. Hari abavuga ko dukabya. Abandi bavuga ko ari inzozi. Ariko se u Rwanda rufite ukundi rwabigenza ? Nta wakwihanganira ko ruguma uko rumeze ubu. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwiha intego nkuru mu rwego rwa Politiki no kuzishyira mu bikorwa kugira ngo habeho m i pinduka zose zikenewe ngo tugere ku cyerekezo twifuza . Ibi si inzozi iyo umuntu ahereye ku rugero rwibindi bihugu byahoze bimeze nkicyacu hanyuma bikagera ku iterambere. Urugero rwibihugu byo muri Aziya yUburasirazuba rutwemeza ko natwe ibigaragara nk inzozi bishobora guhinduka ukuri.

26

Imigereka
Umugereka wa 1: Ibipimo by ingenzi byIcyerekezo 2020
Ibipimo 1. Abaturage bu Rwanda 2. Urwego rwo kumenya gusoma 3. Icyizere cyo kurama (imyaka) 4. Uburumbuke bwabagore (%) 5. Impfu zabana ku gihumbi 6. Ababyeyi bapfa babyara (ku nda 100.000 zavutse abana ari bazima) 7. Indyo mbi yabana (indyo idahagije %) 8. Ukwiyongera kwabaturage (%) 9. Kujya mu mashuri abanza ku gihe (%) 10. Abari mu mashuri abanza bose (%) 11. Kwimukira mu mashuri yisumbuye (%) 12. Abiyandikisha mu mashuri yisumbuye (%) 13. Umubare wabarimu babyigiye (%) 14. Ibigo byigisha imyuga 15. Umubare wabinjira mu mashuri makuru (0/00) 16. Uburinganire mu mashuri makuru ( % yabagore ) 17. Uburinganire mu nzego zifata ibyemezo (% gore) 18. Umubare wabanduye agakoko gatera SIDA (%) 19. Umubare wabicwa na Malariya (%) 20. Abaganga ku baturage 100.000 21. Abaturage baba ahantu hari isuku (%) 22. Abaforomokazi ku baturage 100.000 23. Abakozi bo muri Laboratwari ku baturage 100.000 24. Igipimo cyubukene (% ) 25. Impuzandengo yubwiyongere bwa GDP (% ) 26. Kwiyongera kubuhinzi nubworozi (%) 27. Kwiyongera kumusaruro uva mu nganda (%) 28. Kwiyongera kumusaruro uva muri serivisi (%) 29. Ubusumbane ku mutungo (Igipimo cya Gini (%) 30. Kuzigama kwIgihugu (% ya GDP) 31. Ishoramari ryIgihugu (% ya GDP) 32. Umusaruro ku muturage muri US $ 33. Abatuye imijyi (%) 34. Abari mu buhinzi nubworozi (%) 35. Ubutaka buhinzweho kijyambere (%) 36. Inyongeramusaruro (Kg/ha/ku mwaka) 37. Inguzanyo zijya mu buhinzi nubworozi (%) 38. Abaturage bagerwaho na mazi meza (%) 39. Umusaruro mu buhinzi (kcal/umunsi/umuntu) (% yibikenewe) 40. Poroteyine/umuntu/umunsi (% yibikenewe) 41. Imihanda (km/km2) 42.Amashanyarazi ku mwaka (kWh/umuturage) 43. Abaturage bagerwaho namashanyarazi (%) 44. Kurwanya isuri (% yubuso) 45. Kongera gutera amashyamba (ha) 46. Inkwi zikoreshwa mu kubyara ingufu (%) 47. Imirimo itari iyubuhinzi Uko bimeze muri 2000 7,700,000 48 49 6 107 1070 30 2.9 72 42 7 20 1 30 10 13 51 1.5 20 16 2 60.4 6.2 9 7 7 0.454 1 18 220 10 90 3 0.5 1 52 1612 35 0.54 30 2 20 94 200.000 Intego muri 2010 10,200,000 80 50 5.5 80 600 20 2.3 100 100 60 40 100 50 4 40 30 11 30 5 40 18 5 40 8 8 9 9 0.400 4 23 400 20 75 20 8 15 80 2000 55 0.56 60 25 80 50 500.000 Intego muri 2020 13,000,000 100 55 4.5 50 200 10 2.2 100 100 80 60 100 106 6 50 40 8 25 10 60 20 5 30 8 6 12 11 0.350 6 30 900 30 50 50 15 20 100 2200 65 0.60 100 35 90 50 1.400.000 Urwego mpuzamahanga 100

100

100

50 0 10 20

30

100

70

27

Umugereka wa 2 : Uruhare rwa Leta turebeye mu mateka Uruhare rwa Mbere yubukoloni Mu bukoloni Leta Amahoro -Muri rusange byari mu -Intambara mu Karere numutekano maboko yumwami, zaragabanutse nyuma yuko imbere mu -Intambara zo k wagura imipaka ishyizweho gihugu igihugu, no gucudika nabakoloni bagafata ningoma zimwe na zimwe ubutegetsi. zari zituranye nigihugu cyu Rwanda Ubumwe bwIgihugu -Nta ngorane mu gihugu kandi abantu bose bagira uruhare mu busugire bwacyo. Nyamara abigometse ku butegetsi bwUmwami hari aho bacikaga aribo babyishakiye -Intambara yo ku Rucunshu yo mu 1896 yagabanije ingufu zubutegetsi bwa cyami Imibereho myiza yarazambye: a) Amashuri yabana babatware bonyine ayobowe nAbapadiri bera - i Nyanza mu 1918 - Astrida 1929; b) Mu 1926 Ababiligi banyaze abahutu nabatutsi bato bato hamwe nabatwa.

Kuva ku gihe cyUbwigenge kugera mu 1994 -Imyiryane ishingiye ku macakubiri ashingiye ku moko, -Umutekano mucye wigihe cyose.

Nyuma ya Jenoside -Kurwanya abacengezi (1996-2000), -Umutekano wimbere mu gihugu uri ku rwego rwo hejuru, -Gushaka amahoro mu Karere kIbiyaga bigari.

Ingengabitekerezo yamacakubiri ashingiye ku moko yakomeje guhabwa intebe; Igihugu cyahindutse umwirare (mu rwego rwimibereho myiza) nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu 1990 1994.

-Ubushake busobanutse muri politiki no gushyira ingufu mu bwiyunge -Komisiyo yIgihugu yUbumwe nUbwiyunge -Amategeko arwanya ivangura , harimo guca burundu indangamuntu zanditsemo ubwoko.

Ubutabera

Uburenganzira bwa muntu Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi

Ntibwari bwubashywe bishimishije -Hariho inzego zubutegetsi ariko politiki irebererwa hejuru

Ntibwari bwubashywe bishimishije -Perezida yikubiye ubutegetsi -Intangiriro yo kurunda ubukungu bwIgihugu mu maboko ya Leta

Ntibwubashywe na gato -Ubutegetsi mu rwego rwa politiki nurwubukungu byikubiwe nabari ku isonga yubuyobozi.

Ingufu mu kwimakaza ubwigenge bwa buri bumwe mu butegetsi butatu buzwi - Gacaca nkubutabera bwunga Urugendo rwo kubaka Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko -Ubutegetsi buragenda bwegerezwa abaturage -Icyiciro cyAbikorera kiratera imbere - Ishyirwaho ryIkigega rusange cyIterambere ryinzego zegerejwe abaturage

28

Uruhare rwa Leta Imiyoborere na Demokarasi

Mbere yubukoloni -Kureshya kwabantu byari hasi -Abayobozi bose bashyirwagaho bitanyuze mu ipiganwa -Abantu bashoboraga kuvuga icyo bashaka no kunenga ubuyobozi -Guhahirana nizindi ngoma zikikije u Rwanda ntibyari biteye imbe re -Guhahirana nibindi bihugu bya kure ntibyariho

Mu bukoloni 1/3 cyIgihugu cyaratakaye nyuma yo kwigabanya Afurika kwAbakoloni mu 1910 -Kureshya kwabantu byari hasi -Nta Demokarasi ahubwo hari igitugu cya Leta

Kuva ku gihe cyUbwigenge kugera mu 1994 -Ubuyobozi bubi bwIshyakaLeta - Kureshya kwabantu byari hasi -Gutwaza igitugu k wIshyakaLeta

Nyuma ya Jenoside -Kongera uruhare rwabaturage mu bikorwa byose -Ingamba zo kurwanya ubukene -Urwego rwUmuvunyi -Kwemera imitwe ya politiki myinshi -Itegeko riha itangazamakuru kwigenga -Ikusanyabitekerezo ku Itegeko Nshinga -Gusohoka no kwinjira mu gihugu ku buryo bworoshye -Ingufu zo kuzana amahoro mu Karere -Gukoresha indimi nyinshi -Kwinjira mu bukungu bwAkarere nubwo mu rwego mpuzamahanga -Nta bwiru mu bikorwa byose -Kurwanya ruswa -Ubwenegihugu bubiri buremewe -Kwimakaza umubano nimishyikirano -Gusohoka no kwinjira mu gihugu biroroshye -Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga batumirwa mu makoraniro ngishwanama

Kwinjira mu bukungu bwAkarere nubwo mu rwego mpuzamahanga Kuyobora Leta Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga

-Gufungura imipaka yIgihugu -Kumenya amahanga binyuze ku butegetsi bwAbabiligi -Ibicuruzwa fatizo bikenerwa na bose

-Iterambere ryubutwererane namahanga -Gushyamirana rimwe na rimwe nabaturanyi kubera ibyo abayobozi bibihugu bapfa bibareba -Baragerageza -Ruswa iranuma -Leta yirukanye abantu -Leta ihungabanya abanyarwanda aho bahungiye

-Ubutegetsi bwa cyami -Ni bake

-Igera ku cyo yiyemeje ariko hari igitugu -Abantu benshi bahunze Igihugu kubera uburetwa -Abakoloni bagenzura ku buryo busesuye abayobozi babenegihugu

29

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