Experiment

3.
0 PART 2 Topic Purpose : Universal indicator experiment (acid and base) : To determine the acidity and alkalinity of the products that we used in our life daily. Theory : Universal indicator used to determine the acidic and alkalinity of the products by observe the colour change of indicator. Universal indicator solution or paper, is prepared from mixing several indicators to give a variety of colours to match the pH. It is a very handy indicator for showing whether the solution is very weakly/strongly acidic (pH <7) or alkaline (pH >7) or neutral (pH = 7) and gives the pH to the nearest pH unit. Acids are substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution. Bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. Substances with a pH between 0 and less than 7 are acids pH and H+ are inversely related lower pH means higher H+. Substances with a pH greater than 7 and up to 14 are bases higher pH means lower H+. Right in the middle, at pH = 7, are neutral substances, for example, pure water. The relationship between H+ and pH is shown in the table below alongside some common examples of acids and bases in everyday life. If the blue Litmus paper turns red the red is unaffected then the substance is acidic. If the red Litmus paper turns blue the blue is unaffected then the substance is alkaline.If neither red nor the blue paper changes colour, the substance is neutral.
Apparatus and materials: I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. Eye protection White tile Dropper Universal indicator pH scale Blue and red litmus paper Softlan Toothpaste Facial wash Soy sauce Nail remover Body lotion Shampoo Dish wash Full cream milk Detergent
Procedure : 1) The samples of each and every products were placed on the white tile. 2) The red litmus paper was immersed into the all the samples to be tested. Thus , this method was repeated by using blue litmus paper. 3) The colour changes of the samples was observed by using universal indicator and by refering pH scale . 4) All the observation were recorded and plotted as a table. The pieces of litmus paper were disposed in a waste bin.
Results: Universal indicator, pH Products Observation scale, litmus paper,(acid/alkali) Effects of the product
The indicator change colour into blue.
High pH of the toothpaste helps to kill any bacteria that reside in your mouth at the time of brushing.
1)Toothpaste
pH scale is 10.0 red litmus paper turns into blue.
Those bacteria prefer a neutral to slightly acidic environment, exactly the conditions of your unbrushed mouth.
Alkali
Toothpastes are ideal as temporary relief of skin burns because too alkaline.
Universal indicator, pH Products Observation scale, litmus paper,(acid/alkali) Effects of the product
The indicator change colour into orange.
Used to soften fabrics and has remarkable disinfecting qualities because it has low pH scale.
2) Softlan
pH scale is 4.0 Blue litmus paper turns into red.
Can cause skin irritating because its acidic.
Acid
Nonenvironment friendly because it is too acidic can harmed plants and aquatic living things if poured into it.
The indicator change colour into yellow.
Lactic acid found in milk plays main role to prevent tooth decay.
3) Full cream milk
pH scale is 6.0 Blue litmus paper turns into red. Acid It makes healthy bones and tooths. Milk providing the amino acids for lack of proteins in our body.
If we drink milk every day never affect our body because it is a weak acid.
The indicator change colour into orange. The acidic properties of the nair remover can :
4)Nail remover
Dehydrate the skin. Cause irritation to eyes.
Acid
Make nails dry and brittle. Have distinct chemical smell and are highly flammable.
Contains acetone and highly volatile.
Harm any plant it is applied to. As well as yourself if ingested or inhaled .
It can preserve the nature moisture of the skin because it has soapy effect because of strong alkali.
5)Facial wash
pH scale is 10.0 Red litmus paper turns into blue.
This cleanser have high levels of PH can last longer on our skin can cause irritation and skin problems.
Alkali
It is important to try to pick a cleanser that is about 5.5.
This will help maintain the skins acidity and keep everything balanced.
The indicator change colour into orange.
High intake of the soy source may cause health problem such as heart disease,high blood pressure, stomach ache because its too acidic and salthy.
5) Soy souce
Acid
No nutritional value at all Cause allergic reaction for some kind of the skins because it too acidic and unbalanced for our body.
It removes all the food particles,bacte ria,germs that stick on dishes properly because contain high level of pH level.
7) Dish wash
pH scale is 14.0 red litmus paper turns into blue.
Alkali
Phosphates that contain in dish wash is a strong alkali can cause algae growth in freshwater, threatening aquatic and plant life.
Kill some plant cause skin irritation because of strong alkali.
The indicator change colour into green.
Useful for our skin because of the softening and moisturizing effect because strong alkali.
8) Body lotion
Its better alkalize our body skin because our skin is acidic too keep balanced we have to choose the product with a perfect pH range.
Alkali
Environment friendly.
The high level of Ph can cause:
Nonenvironment friendly.
9)Detergent
can lead to freshwater algal blooms that releases toxins and deplete oxygen in waterways.
Alkali
destroy the external mucus layers that protect the fish from bacteria and parasites.
Most fish will die when detergent concentrations approach 15 parts per million.
decreasing the breeding ability of aquatic organisms.
Cause irritation of skins so better wear gloves when awash clothes.
Harmed to plants.
The indicator change colour into orange. Acidic medium in shampoo help dissolve soap scum and to make your hair smooth.
10) Shampoo
We better used the shampoo of the pH balanced in range 5.0 -5.5 to keep our hair healthy.
Acid
Harmed plants and aquatic living things because too acidic.
Too acidic can cause irritating to our skin.

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3.

The indicator change colour into blue.

pH scale is 10.0 red litmus paper turns into blue.

The indicator change colour into orange.

pH scale is 4.0 Blue litmus paper turns into red.

Can cause skin irritating because its acidic.

The indicator change colour into yellow.

3) Full cream milk

pH scale is 4.0 Blue litmus paper turns into red.

Dehydrate the skin. Cause irritation to eyes.

Contains acetone and highly volatile.

Harm any plant it is applied to. As well as yourself if ingested or inhaled .

The indicator change colour into blue.

pH scale is 10.0 Red litmus paper turns into blue.

It is important to try to pick a cleanser that is about 5.5.

The indicator change colour into orange.

pH scale is 4.0 Blue litmus paper turns into red.

The indicator change colour into blue.

pH scale is 14.0 red litmus paper turns into blue.

Kill some plant cause skin irritation because of strong alkali.

The indicator change colour into green.

pH scale is 8.0 Red litmus paper turns into blue.

The indicator change colour into blue.

The high level of Ph can cause:

pH scale is 10.0 Red litmus paper turns into blue.

decreasing the breeding ability of aquatic organisms.

Cause irritation of skins so better wear gloves when awash clothes.

pH scale is 5.0 Blue litmus paper turns into red.

Harmed plants and aquatic living things because too acidic.

Too acidic can cause irritating to our skin.

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