Chemical Engineering Department

TUTORIAL NO.

JACKETED VESSEL(MECHANICAL DESIGN)

TUTORIAL NO.

JACKETED VESSEL(MECHANICAL DESIGN)

1
JACKETED VESSEL(MECHANICAL DESIGN)

Chemical Engineering Department

(A) INTRODUCTION : Jacketed vessel is pressure vessel to carry out reactions under controlled condition. The reaction vessel requires cover or head that can be fitted tightly to the vessel shell. So the pressure and temperature can be maintained as desired inside. Capacities of the vessel vary from 100 lit to 1500 lit. and diameter may vary from 50 cm to 50 cm. !ead used for vessels are shallo"#dished$ torispherical or elliptical. Several no%%les inlet$ &utlet$ sight glass and light glass$ Thermo "ell$ hand holes and man holes are provided to satisfy the process requirements. Jacket is used to circulate heating or cooling media. (B) AGITATION ' (gitation of the content of reaction vessel increasing heat and mass transfer. )addle agitator$ turbine agitator and propeller agitator are most "idely used. The agitator "ith drive assembly must be located at the top of the vessel "ith preferably in independent supporting structure. (C) HEATING/COOLING' *f the heating is required then the hot fluid is supplied in the +acket. Jacket surrounds the vessel "all. ,luid such as hot oil$ hot "ater or air$ molten salt mi-ture$ special organic compounds such as therminol and do"# therm are used as heating media. *f cooling is desired than air$ liquid ammonia$ cold "ater or brine$ oil can be used. The space bet"een the vessel "all and the +acket shell should be narro" for obtaining good heat transfer rates. .arious types of +acket are used for this purpose. Special types of +acket such as channel and coiled +acket provides high velocity of circulating fluid and hence high heat transfer rates. (D) DESIGN PROCEDURE : /esign is based on pressure and temperature condition. This types of reaction vessel is nothing but pressure vessel "ith heads and no%%les. /ue to +acket there is e-ternal pressure on the vessel "all. So the vessel is designed for both internal 0 e-ternal pressure and the higher value of "all thickness is accepted. ( plain +acket is simplest arrangement for heating or cooling. *n most cases +acket e-tends over the base of the reactor and provision must be made for applying the vessel as "ell as for removing fluid from the +acket.

112 Thickness of shell '

,or the cylindrical shell '# [ i ] Fo I!"# !$% & #''( # : ) /esign pressure 3 *nternal pressure 4 105 of internal pressure Shell thickness 1t2 3 p /i 61 f J # p2 3 p /o 61 f J 4 p23 p / 61 f J2

7here p3 /esign pressure / 3 8ean diameter /i 3 *nternal diameter /0 3 &utside /iameter J 3 Joint efficiency 9 3 /esign or permissible stress at design temperature
JACKETED VESSEL(MECHANICAL DESIGN)

Chemical Engineering Department

.alue of permissible stress for different material of construction "ill be different. [ ii ] Fo E*"# !$% & #''( # :) /esign pressure 3 )ressure in the +acket 4105 of pressure in the +acket. ,irst calculate the critical e-ternal pressure using above shell thickness calculated for internal pressure ' pc 3 .: ; 1t6/0256 6<11# 2=6:>1?6/02 @ 0.:5 1t6/0216 AB 7here$ ?3 Cnsupported length of vessel ;3 8odulus of elasticity 3poisonDs ratio Eo" allo"able e-ternal "orking pressure$ )a 3 pc 6: Eo"$ )a must be grater than design pressure and if )a F design pressure then increase the shell thickness until this condition satisfies.

1 2 Stiffening ring '

This ring can provide considerable saving in "eight and material. Gings are attached to the inside6outside surface of the shell. They e-tend over the "hole circumference and serve the purpose of end support. T#beams and flat plate ring are simple$ light and effective. Eo" effective length of vessel is considered the length bet"een stiffening ring . The stiffening ring must have movement of interna given by * 3 pc /o=?6 1 : ;2

The value of H*D may be reduced by about =05 to taken into account the resistance of the shell.

1=2 Thickness of +acket '

*nternal design3 )ressure inside +acket 4105 of pressure inside the +acket t+ 3 p/i 61 f J # p2 7here /i 3 Jacket internal diameter.
JACKETED VESSEL(MECHANICAL DESIGN)

Chemical Engineering Department

1:2 !ead thickness '

,or Torispherical head '# th 3 p Gc 7 61 f J 2 7here Gc 3 Cro"n radius 7 3 Stress intensification factor 3 116:2 >= 4 1 Rc 6 R12 A Gi 3 Inuckle radius (bove head thickness should be checked for e-ternal pressure also. th 3 :.: Gc
11 # 2 p 61 E 2

7here )3/esign e-ternal pressure1)ressure inside the +acket2 3333333333333333333333333333J J J J J J J 3333333333333333333333333

JACKETED VESSEL(MECHANICAL DESIGN)