Gas Power Cycles Chapter 9 937 The compression ratio of an air-standard Otto cycle is 9.5.

Prior to the isentropic compression process, the air is at 100 kPa, 35 !, and "00 cm3. The temperat#re at the end of the isentropic e$pansion process is %00 &. 'sin( specific heat )al#es at room temperat#re, determine *a+ the hi(hest temperat#re and press#re in the cycle, *-+ the amo#nt of heat transferred in, in k., *c+ the thermal efficiency, and *d+ the mean effecti)e press#re. /ns0ers1 *a+ 19"9 &, "072 kPa, *-+ 0.59 k., *c+ 59.3 percent, *d+ "52 kPa 931 / fo#r-cylinder, fo#r-stroke, 2.2-4 (asoline en(ine operates on the Otto cycle 0ith a compression ratio of 10. The air is at 100 kPa and "0 ! at the -e(innin( of the compression process, and the ma$im#m press#re in the cycle is %5Pa. The compression and e$pansion processes may -e modeled as polytropic 0ith a polytropic constant of 1.3. 'sin( constant specific heats at %50 &, determine *a+ the temperat#re at theend of the e$pansion process, *-+ the net 0ork o#tp#t and the thermal efficiency, *c+ the mean effecti)e press#re, *d+ the en(ine speed for a net po0er o#tp#t of 70k6, and *e+ the specific f#el cons#mption, in (7k6h, defined as the ratio of the mass of the f#el cons#med to the net 0ork prod#ced. The airf#el ratio, defined as the amo#nt of air di)ided -y the amo#nt of f#el intake, is 1". 937 /n air-standard 8iesel cycle has a compression ratio of 1" and a c#toff ratio of 2. /t the -e(innin( of the compression process, air is at 95 kPa and 27 !. /cco#ntin( for the )ariation of specific heats 0ith temperat#re, determine *a+ the temperat#re after the heat-addition process, *-+ the thermal efficiency, and *c+ the mean effecti)e press#re. /ns0ers1 *a+ 1723.% &, *-+ 5".3 percent, *c+ "75.9 kPa 951 /n ideal diesel en(ine has a compression ratio of 20 and #ses air as the 0orkin( fl#id. The state of air at the -e(innin( of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20 !. 9f the ma$im#m temperat#re in the cycle is not to e$ceed 2200 &, determine *a+ the thermal efficiency and *-+ the mean effecti)e press#re. /ss#me constant specific heats for air at room temperat#re. /ns0ers1 *a+ "3.5 percent, *-+ 933 kPa 95" The compression ratio of an ideal d#al cycle is 13. /ir is at 100 kPa and 300 & at the -e(innin( of the compression process and at 2200 & at the end of the heat-addition process. :eat transfer to air takes place partly at constant )ol#me and partly at constant press#re, and it amo#nts to 1520.3 k.7k(. /ss#min( )aria-le specific heats for air, determine *a+ the fraction of heat transferred at constant )ol#me and *-+ the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 97% /ir enters the compressor of a (as-t#r-ine en(ine at 300 & and 100 kPa, 0here it is compressed to 700 kPa and 5%0 &. :eat is transferred to air in the amo#nt of 950 k.7k( -efore it enters the t#r-ine. ;or a t#r-ine efficiency of %" percent, determine *a+ the fraction of the t#r-ine 0ork o#tp#t #sed to dri)e the compressor and *-+ the thermal efficiency. /ss#me )aria-le specific heats for air. 9%3 / (as-t#r-ine po0er plant operates on the simple <rayton cycle -et0een the press#re limits of 100 and 1200 kPa. The 0orkin( fl#id is air, 0hich enters the compressor at 30 ! at a rate of 150 m37min and lea)es the t#r-ine at 500 !. 'sin( )aria-le specific heats for air and ass#min( a compressor isentropic efficiency of %2 percent and a t#r-ine isentropic efficiency of %% percent,

determine *a+ the net po0er o#tp#t, *-+ the -ack 0ork ratio, and *c+ the thermal efficiency. /ns0ers1 *a+ "59 k6, *-+ 0."25, *c+ 0.319 910% !onsider an ideal (as-t#r-ine cycle 0ith t0o sta(es of compression and t0o sta(es of e$pansion. The press#re ratio across each sta(e of the compressor and t#r-ine is 3. The air enters each sta(e of the compressor at 300 & and each sta(e of the t#r-ine at 1200 &. 8etermine the -ack 0ork ratio and the thermal efficiency of the cycle, ass#min( *a+ no re(enerator is #sed and *-+ a re(enerator 0ith 75 percent effecti)eness is #sed. 'se )aria-le specific heats. 9117 / t#r-o=et aircraft is flyin( 0ith a )elocity of 320 m7s at an altit#de of 9150 m, 0here the am-ient conditions are 32 kPa and 32 !. The press#re ratio across the compressor is 12, and the temperat#re at the t#r-ine inlet is 1300 &. /ir enters the compressor at a rate of "0 k(7s, and the =et f#el has a heatin( )al#e of 32,700 k.7k(. /ss#min( ideal operation for all components and constant specific heats for air at room temperat#re, determine *a+ the )elocity of the e$ha#st (ases, *-+ the prop#lsi)e po0er de)eloped, and *c+the rate of f#el cons#mption. 9121 /ir at 7 ! enters a t#r-o=et en(ine at a rate of 1" k(7s and at a )elocity of 300 m7s *relati)e to the en(ine+. /ir is heated in the com-#stion cham-er at a rate 15,000 k.7s and it lea)es the en(ine at 327 !. 8etermine the thr#st prod#ced -y this t#r-o=et en(ine. *:int1 !hoose the entire en(ine as yo#r control )ol#me.+