TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE 2012 Mock Preliminary Examination

Higher 2
CANDIDATE NAME CIVICS GROUP INDEX NUMBER

PHYSICS
Paper 2 Structured Questions

9646/02
1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Civics group, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. It is recommended that you spend about 1 hour 15 minutes on this section. Section B Answer Question 8. It is recommended that you spend about 30 minutes on this section. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each of each question or part question. For Examiners Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Subtotal 8 Total

This booklet consists of 16 printed pages.

2 Data
speed of light in free space, permeability of free space, permittivity of free space, elementary charge, the Planck constant, unified atomic mass constant, rest mass of electron, rest mass of proton, molar gas constant, the Avogadro constant, the Boltzmann constant, gravitational constant, acceleration of free fall, c o o e h u me mp R NA k G g = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3.00 x 108 m s-1 4 x 10 H m 8.85 x 10 1.60 x 10 6.63 x 10
-12 -19 -34 -7 -1 -1

Fm C Js

1.66 x 10-27 kg 9.11 x 10-31 kg 1.67 x 10-27 kg 8.31 J K mol

-1 -1

6.02 x 1023 mol-1 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2 9.81 m s-2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion, s v2 work done on/by a gas, hydrostatic pressure, gravitational potential, W p = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ut + at2 u2 + 2as pV gh

f
x v R 1/R V x T where k

Gm r

displacement of particle in s.h.m., velocity of particle in s.h.m., resistors in series, resistors in parallel, electric potential, alternating current/voltage, transmission coefficient,

xo sin t vo cos t = w R1 + R2 + 1/R1 + 1/R2 + Q / 4or xo sin t exp(-2kd)

(x

2 o

- x2

8p 2m ( U - E ) h2
xo exp (-t)

radioactive decay, decay constant,

x

0.693 t1
2

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Section A Answer all the questions. It is recommended that you spend about 1 hour 15 minutes on this section. 1 (a)

Newton realised that forces always act in pairs and from this idea he developed the 3rd law of motion. State Newtons 3rd law of motion.

[1] (b)

A skydiver falls towards the Earth. The arrows in the diagram represents the main forces acting on the skydiver, the Earth and the air. Two are unlabelled. The diagram is not to scale.
(A). ..

(C) Gravitational force of Earth on skydiver

(B) Force of air on skydiver

(D). Earth .. [2]

(i) Identify, in the spaces provided, the forces (A) and (D). (ii) Comment on the effect of force (D) on the Earth.

[2]

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(iii) Explain carefully, referring to the forces involved, why the skydiver accelerates at the start of his fall and then reaches terminal velocity at some later time.

[3]

Two small charged metal spheres A and B are situated in a vacuum. The distance between the centres of the spheres is 12.0 cm, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1 The charge on each sphere may be assumed to be a point charge at the centre of the sphere. Point P is a movable point that lies on the line joining the centres of the spheres and is distance x from the centre of sphere A. The variation with distance x of the electric field strength E at point P is shown in Fig. 2.2.

Fig. 2.2 (a) State the evidence provided by Fig. 2.2 for the statements that (i) the spheres are conductors,

[1] (ii) the charges on the spheres are either both positive or both negative.

[1] (b) (i) State the relation between electric field strength E and potential gradient at a point.

[1]

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(ii) Use Fig. 2.2 to state and explain the distance x at which the rate of change of potential with distance is 1. maximum,

[2] 2. minimum,

[2] 3 (a) State Faradays law of induction.

[1] (b) A bar magnet is suspended from the free end of a helical spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. One pole of the magnet is situated in a coil of wire. The coil is connected in series with a switch and a resistor. The switch is open.

Fig. 3.1

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The magnet is displaced vertically and then released. As the magnet passes through its rest position, a timer is started. The variation with time t of the vertical displacement y of the magnet from its rest position is shown in Fig. 3.2.

Fig. 3.2 At time t = 4.0 s, the switch is closed. Use Fig. 3.2 to (i) state the evidence for the magnet to be undergoing free oscillations during the period t = 0 to t = 4.0 s,

[1] (ii) state, with a reason, whether the damping after time t = 4.0 s is light, critical or heavy,

[2] (iii) determine the natural frequency of vibration of the magnet on the spring.

frequency =

Hz

[2]

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(iv) Explain why, after time t = 4.0 s, the amplitude of vibration of the magnet is seen to decrease.

[3] 4 A thermistor has resistance 3900 W at 0 C and resistance 1250 W at 30 C. The thermistor is connected into the circuit of Fig. 4.1 in order to monitor temperature changes.

Fig. 4.1 The battery of e.m.f. 1.50 V has negligible internal resistance and the voltmeter has infinite resistance. (a) The voltmeter is to read 1.00 V at 0 C. Show that the resistance of resistor R is 7800 W. [1] The temperature of the thermistor is increased to 30 C. Determine the reading on the voltmeter.

(b)

reading = (c)

[2]

The voltmeter in Fig. 4.1 is replaced with one having a resistance of 7800 W. Calculate the reading on this voltmeter for the thermistor at a temperature of 0 C.

reading =

[2]

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5 (a) Use the band theory to account for the electrical properties of intrinsic semiconductors.

[2]

(b)

Fig. 5.1 shows a p-type semiconductor placed in contact with another of n-type. depletion layer

Fig. 5.1 Discuss the origin of the depletion region and how it helps the p-n junction to act as a rectifier.

[4]

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6 The isotopes Radium-224 ( 224 ) and Radium-226 ( 226 ) both undergo spontaneous 88 88 a-particle decay. The energy of the a-particles emitted from Radium-224 is 5.68 MeV and from Radium-226, 4.78 MeV.
R a

(a)

State what is meant by the decay constant of a radioactive nucleus.

R a

[1] (b) Suggest, with a reason, which of the two isotopes has the larger decay constant.

[3] (c)

Radium-224 has a half-life of 3.6 days. (i) Calculate the decay constant of Radium-224, stating the unit in which it is measured.

decay constant = (ii) Determine the activity of a sample of Radium-224 of mass 2.24 mg.

[2]

activity =

Bq

[3]

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7 Many years ago, Johannes Kepler suggested that planets orbits about the Sun should follow the relation T 2 d 3 , whereby T refers to the period and d the mean distance from the planet to the centre of the Sun. This came to be known as Keplers third law. A student wishes to test whether Keplers third law applies to some of the satellites orbiting Uranus. The student obtains the data shown in Fig.7.1 for the mean distance d of the satellite from Uranus and the period T of the revolution of the satellite about Uranus.

Name of satellite Rosalind Belinda Puck Miranda Ariel Titania Oberon

d / km 69 930 75 260 86 010 129 780 191 240 435 840 582 600

T / day 0.558 0.624 0.762 1.414 2.520 8.706 13.463 Fig. 7.1

lg (d/km) 4.845 4.877 4.935 5.110 5.282 5.639 5.765

lg (T/day) -0.475 -0.205 -0.118 0.150 0.401 0.940 1.129

The student also included values of lg d and lg T to plot a suitable graph as shown in Fig.7.2.

Graph of lg (d/km) against lg (T/days)

6

5.8

5.6

lg (d/km)

5.4

5.2

4.8
-0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5

lg (T/days)

Fig. 7.2

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(a) Suggest an advantage of plotting a graph of lg d vs. lg T over a graph of T2 vs.d3.

[1] (b) Using the graph provided in Fig.7.2 and making suitable calculations, show whether Keplers third law applies to these satellites. Working:

[3] (c) Suggest why the conclusion in (b) may not be valid.

[1] (d)

Observation shows that the satellite Umbriel orbits around Uranus with a period of 4.144 days. Use the graph above to estimate the orbital radius of Umbriel.

radius = (e)

km

[3]

It was reported from another source that the satellite Umbriel has been discovered to orbit Uranus at a height of 2.8 x 108 km above the surface of Uranus. Comment on the validity of this reported height with respect to your calculated answer in (d).

[2]

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(f) Show that the mass of Uranus M is related to the radius r and period T of the satellites by the equation M =

4p 2 r 3 . GT 2

[2] (g) Hence estimate the mass of Uranus using the graph shown in Fig.7.2.

mass of Uranus = (g)

kg

[2]

Another lg d vs lg T graph is plotted using data on the orbital radii and periods of the moons of Jupiter(of different mass). Compare and comment on the values of the gradient and the y-intercept between the two graphs.

[2]

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Section B It is recommended that you spend about 30 minutes on this section. 8 A student wishes to investigate projectile motion. A small ball is rolled with velocity v along a horizontal surface. When the ball reaches the end of the horizontal surface, it falls and lands on a lower horizontal surface. The vertical displacement of the ball is p and the horizontal displacement of the ball is q, as shown in Fig 8.1.

Fig 8.1 It is suggested that gq 2 = 2pv 2 where g is the acceleration of free fall. Design a laboratory experiment to investigate how q is related to p and how v may be determined from the results. You should draw a diagram, on page 15, showing the arrangement of your equipment. In your account you should pay particular attention to (a) the procedure to be followed, (b) the measurements to be taken, (c) the control of variables, (d) the analysis of the data, (e) the safety precautions to be taken. [12]

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Diagram

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