_
0 b
12
b
1n
b
12
0 b
2n
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
b
1n
b
2n
0
_
_
: b
ij
R}
and therefore we observe that R
T
is the set of all skew-symmetric matrices.
Thus
dimR
T
=
n
2
n
2
=
n(n1)
2
Problem - V
Determine whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your
answer.
(1) The function f(x) = (1 +
1
x
)
x
is strictly increasing and Lim
x
f(x) = e
ANS
The statement is True because for x
1
< x
2
f(x
1
) < f(x
2
)
(2) The function f : R {0, 1} dened by:
f(x) =
_
_
_
0 if x is rational
1 if x is irrational
is not injective but surjective.
ANS
The statment is True, because between 0 and 1 there are innitely many rational
and irrational numbers so the function cant be injective and it is surjective
because the range is the set {0, 1}.
(3) The function f : R R, x x
3
is one-to-one but not onto.
ANS
The statment is False, beacuse the function is denitely onto.
(4) The sine fuction f : R R, x sinx, is not one-one, but the restriction
g : [
2
,
2
] R, x sinx, is one-one and onto.
ANS
The statement is True because sine is periodic fucntion of period 2, so it cant
be one-one in case of f : R R. The restriction g is denitely one-one and
8
onto.
(5) The set of all solutions of the dierential equation:
d
2
y
dx
2
+ 4y = 0
form a vector space over R.
ANS
The statement is True.
(6) The set Q of rational numbers forms a vector space over the eld of real
numbers.
ANS
The statment is False.
(7) Span{x + 1, x + 2, x
2
1} = Span{1 +x
2
, x
2
1, 3 2x} = P
2
(x)
ANS
The statement is True because every polynomial of degree 2 can be generated
by the two given sets. For example let
x
2
+x + 1 = a(x + 1) +b(x + 2) +c(x
2
1)
x
2
+x + 1 = cx
2
+ (a +b)x + (a + 2b c)
c = 1, a +b = 1, a + 2b c = 1
Solving these equations, we get a = 0, b = 1, c = 1
So the 2
nd
degree polynomial x
2
+x+1 is generated by the set {x+1, x+2, x
2
1}.
(8) Each set of n+1 or more vectors in the vector space R
n
over R is necessarily
linearly dependent.
ANS
The statement is true because the basis for R
n
contains almost n elements and
they are linearly independent. If we include one more element to the basis, it
will no more be independent.
(10) The set {(0, 1), (i, 0)} in C
2
is linearly independent over the eld R but not
over the eld C.
ANS
The statement is True. Let a, b R and cosider a(0, 1) +b(i, 0) = 0
9
a(0, 1) +b(i, 0) = 0
(0, a) + (ib, 0) = 0
(0 +ib, a + 0) = 0
(ib, a) = (0, 0)
ib = 0, a = 0
b = 0, a = 0
{(0, 1), (i, 0)} is linearly independent over R.
Now let a +ib, c +id C and consider (a +ib)(0, 1) + (c +id)(i, 0) = 0
(a +ib)(0, 1) + (c +id)(i, 0) = 0
(0, a +ib) + (ic d, 0) = 0
(ic d, a +ib) = (0, 0)
ic d = 0, a +ib = 0
This cant be possible because c, d are not simultaneously zero similarly a, b.
So the set {(0, 1), (i, 0)} is linearly dependent over C
10