Answerstuyiy

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 612 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM
Answers
Chapter 1
10 Any number greater than
Start up
11 56
b 6
f 10
j 32
1 a 3
e 8
i 3
2 a
3
--7
3 a 7400
e 0.535
4 a 48%
3
--5
6 a
e
7 a
d
g
j
8 a
d
g
9 a
d
g
10 a
11 a
12 a
d
7
-----25
d 48
h 9
l 2
c 25
g 0
k 2
c
17
-----40
9
-----16
$8.70 b
$15
f
1:1
1 : 30
1 : 10
3:2
7:5
18 : 13
4:7
9:8
5:6
5:6
7:5
b
4:3:6
3:8
12 : 35
21
-----25
1
-----40
e 1 --2-
-----e 2 21
50
27 : 40
3:1
4:5
1:4
d 2 : 15
17 : 5 : 13
9 : 80
9 : 50 000
11
-----4
13
b -----
e 5--2 a 2 1---
b 1 1---
1 1--9
2 4--7
3 a
100
--------3
1
--7
d --18
21
-----4
c 4 1---
d -1 2---
1 2--3
3--2
b
e
4
-----11
15
-----18
1 1--2
3
--5
4
--3
8
-----11
c 6 1---
d 4 4---
9
e 2 -----
f 1 5---
-----g 2 23
1
h 6 -----
20
15
-----28
f 3 --13
1
--2
17
-----20
5
24
10
50
9
-----10
c 1 --3-
19
- e
d 1 -----
14
-----45
h 2 1---
21
10
612
0.12
0.2
1.8
6.63
0.663
0.663
d
h
l
d
h
l
0.36
8.8
0.028
0.663
663
0.0663
c 4 8--9
39
--------100
b 1.075, terminating
c 0.32, terminating d 0.7 2 , recurring
5
--8
17
-----50
25
d 9 1--3
-----h 2 16
37
3
- d
c 5 -----
4
--5
41
--------200
i 3 --5-
7
-----20
c 0.666
10
1
--------400
b 0.33
1
--------250
8
13
-----40
2
--9
4 a
7
--9
38
-----99
875
--------999
22
-----45
17
--------198
35
--------198
2
--------225
541
--------990
-----j 1 37
5
-----48
-----j 2 19
13
-----20
f 0.55
1
-----11
99
Skillbank 1B
2 a
e
i
4 a
e
i
0.5
90
0.08
16
1.6
0.016
b
f
j
b
f
j
90
0.7
3.5
160
16
160
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3
c
g
k
c
g
k
8
8
4
1.6
160
0.16
d
h
l
d
h
l
0.9
30
0.3
1.6
0.16
0.0016
1
--3
3
--8
1
--------200
e 4
1 1--2
11
--------200
b 0.08
e 0.0004
c 0.042
3 a 32.5%
b 1.5%
c 66 --2- %
e 180%
f 325%
h 65%
i 60%
87 1--2
g 133 1--- %
3
4
5
6
b 0.1
c 636.0 d 3.765
f 2.47
g 8.00
h 244.00
j 24.371 k 20
l 3.092
b 12.6
c 36.843
e 245.6615 f 7.37
h 54.87
i 2.9861
b 19.71
c 1 600 000
e 0.0079
f 1.00
h 0.31
i 8 000 000
k 4
l 81
3
c 2
d 4
e 2
4
h 5
i 2
b 2.72
c 0.04729
e 3 360 000 f 0.002
7 43 500
6091.2 cents
b $60.90
i 2
ii 4
10 B
11 A
3 a 0.79
e 22 1---
d 6
7
f -----
c
g
k
c
g
k
56.37
19
0.7
3.90
0.6154
8.1
56 000
30 000
3.01
0.0520
3
b
2
g
4000
0.94
25
3
2
- j 8 --h 17 1--- i 8 -----
3
--8
1 a
e
i
2 a
d
g
3 a
d
g
j
4 a
f
5 a
d
6 1
8 a
c
9 B
6
- g
f 3 -----
e 12 3---
c 2 2--7
9 a
1
--5
g 7 --6-
8 a 6 --2f
2.4
0.027
0.012
6630
663
66.3
j 0.85, terminating
b 3 1---
7 a
b
f
j
b
f
j
Exercise 1-02
2 a
7
6 a 1 -----
3.5
0.8
0.24
66.3
6.63
6630
33
--------400
7
-----25
2 a 0.37
d 1.15
e 1.375, terminating
f 0.3, recurring
g 4.6, terminating
h 0.46 , recurring
i 5.6 , recurring
10
5 a
40
16 $180
Exercise 1-03
7
f -----
29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34

33, 34, 35
13, 14, 15, 16, 17
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55
12
-----15
Skillbank 1A
2 a
e
i
4 a
e
i
20
20
1 a 0.7 , recurring
5
--3
4 a
b
c
d
15
-----8
Exercise 1-04
7
9
- b 3 ------ c
1 a 1 -----
Exercise 1-01
1 a
and less than
12 2 --4- times
$24
c 14 kg d 32 L
$28
b 2:1
c 1:2
e 13 : 12
f 5:1
h 1:2
i 1 000 000 : 1
b 3:8
c
e 3:2
f
h 4:3
b 21 : 16
c
e 25 : 1
f
h 10 : 3
1:5
c 20 : 1
b 6:3:8
c
b 3:4
c
e 16 : 5
f
15
-----20
11
e 8.45%
20
31
-----40
(to the nearest second)

14 15
15 4 2--- cans
9
- c
b 1 -----
such as
213 2 ----minutes or 2 minutes 11 seconds
b 158
c 0.3
d 0.0301
f 0.0072
b 66 2--- %
c 175%
d 10.8%
5 a
16
------ ,
20
7
8
10
12
j 68%
a $24
d $5100
a $50.40
d 1.827 cm
a $101.20
d $921.38
a $1406
$37.50
$20.05
a 58.3 %
19
20
22
23
$161
c 36 kg
$35.70
f $2.98
$1500
c 13.5 kg
97.2 kg
f $1940.13
$20.91
c 90.2 kg
12.9 L
f 132 m
b $1258
9 $70 157.50
11 $831.25
b 8%
c 76%
e 33.3 %
h 16.6 %
d 30%
g 7.5%
13 28.6%
16 40.6%
18 a 600
d 666.6
b
e
b
e
b
e
14 30%
17 14.8%
b 900
e 545.4 5
f 30%
i 7.1%
15 10%
c 500
f 68 4--7
g 53.3
h 32.6
i 102 6--7
a $75
b $750
$16.32
21 19 443
a $4347
b $24 153
$275 24 80
25 $500 26 $560
Exercise 1-05
1 a
c
e
g
i
2 C
4 a
c
e
g
i
k
5 a
c
e
g
i
6 a
b
7 a
d
8 a
c
e
5.6 103
7 102
7.128 102
2.78 104
9 108
b
d
f
h
7.2 107
1 109
4 103
5 101
3 D
37 000
b 0.0987
0.000 000 8
d 15 760 000
0.3
f 80 700
0.000 046 1
h 1 280 000
0.030 61
j 99 100 000 000
0.001
l 0.000 000 021
1.21 1013
b 1.44 1015
1.76 1017
d 2.37 104
4.19 109
f 2.92 1015
8.23 1023
h 1.21 1012
1.96 105
j 9.13 10 4
Maximum 2.49 108 km,
minimum 2.06 108 km
2.275 108 km
1.5 104 b 7 106
c 3.5 105
7.61 107
1.9 103 kg
b 1.66 1024 g
1 10 6 m
d 1.66 242 108 km2
3 108
f 2.817 1015 m
Exercise 1-06
1 a
d
g
j
m
p
2 a
d
g
j
m
3 a
c
e
g
i
4 a
e
i
m
q
5:6
b
2 : 11
e
9:8
h
3:2
k
50 : 3
n
9:4
1:2
b
1 : 10
e
1:8
h
15 : 1
k
1 : 50 000 n
3:2:7
7 : 12 : 4
8:1:6
15 : 4 : 10
12 : 7 : 10
48
b 48
72
f 50
9
j 55
4.8
n 28
55
r 20
7:6
16 : 11
1 : 12
5:6
32 : 15
c
f
i
l
o
9 : 13
21 : 55
10 : 1
50 : 1
20 : 1
2:3
c 3 : 40
1:7
f 1 : 10
8:1
i 15 : 1
500 : 3
l 3:8
9:4
o 1 : 300
b 6:1:4
d 3:4:2
f 9 : 8 : 12 : 12
h 4:7:5
c
g
k
o
5
625
39
37.5
d
h
l
p
7
36
4
175
1080
a 32 years
$45 000
a 8 cups
d 12 cups
6 a
12
-----25
b 38 : 18 = 19 : 9
4 $146.70
b 9 cups
c 10 cups
= 48%
b 60 white, 40 red
7 a 43 : 1 : 6
b 2%
c 45 kg plastic, 270 kg glass
d 8.3%
8 a 1000
b i 444.44
ii 750
9 972 tickets
10 84 STD calls
11 75 students
12 1.24 kg of nickel and 2.17 kg of copper
13 96 kg
14 30 m3 gravel, 22.5 m3 sand, 7.5 m3 cement
15 a i 12 : 12 = 1 : 1 ii 18 : 6 = 3 : 1
b 18 g
Exercise 1-08
1 a 1 : 500
b 1 : 100
c 2000 : 1
d 1 : 50 000 e 1 : 10
f 1:5
g 250 : 1
h 1000 : 1
i 1 : 200 000
j 800 : 1
k 1:8
l 1 : 120 000
m 500 : 1
n 1 : 937.5 o 1 : 12 500
2 a 1.5 m
b 2.4 m
c 1.15 m
d 2.75 m
e 1.9 m
3 C
4 825 m
5 a 12 m
b 4m
6 a 3.5 mm
b 2.65 mm c 2.25 mm
d 1.4 mm
e 0.4 mm
7 A
8 D
9 B
10 1 : 2 000 000
11 1 : 25 000 000
12 a i 20 km
ii 37.5 km
b 9.7 km
c 41 km
d 2.5 km
13 a 1 : 20 000 000
b 4000 km
14 a 1 : 100
b 80 cm
15 a 1 : 1000
b 1 : 200
Exercise 1-09
1 a 90 km/h
c 13 km/L
e 18 mm/h
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
v 27 727.92 peso vi
d $172
e i $1.31
ii $2.38
iv $5.79
v $819.67
Exercise 1-07
1
2
3
5
g $34/m
h 1250 parts/h
i $8.25/bottle
j 25 km/day
k 42 words/min
l 20 g/m2
m $0.90/min
n 6.67 m/s
o 333.33 mL/s
o 11 km/L
a $22.50/hour
b $787.50
c 120 hours
a $11.50/kg b $69
c 3.478 kg
Sydney
a 2000 L/h
b 4000 L
a 25 min
b 4 h 35 min
a 65 km
b 162.5 km c 487.5 km
85 km/h
a 12 hours
b 70.9 km/h
a 250 g
b 1500 kg
a i 255 km
ii 495 km
b 5.5 hours
c midnight
a 1 909 090.9 km2 b 930 769 231
a $2360 NZ
b $A4594
c i $76.18 US
ii $129 F
iii 28 154 yen
iv 29 820 baht
b $36/h
d 80c/kg
f 76 cents/call
610 000
iii $2.34
vi $12.43
14 L/100 km
11 L/100 km
12.25 L/100 km
12.5 L/100 km
1 a Teacher to check
b i 20 100
2 a i 1
iv
b i
1
--2
ii
1
--2
iii
iii
ii 1 1---
iii 2
2 1--2
4 1--2
2
--3
= 1 --1-
2
--3
2
--3
1
--3
1
--3
1
--2
1
--3
5
--6
= 7 --1-
(1 + N)
vi 49 1--2
1
--4
1
--4
2
--4
2
--4
3
--4
=3
3
--4
1
--5
22 --12
iv
N
---2
ii 500 500
v 2475
3 3, 37, 111
4 a 3
b 5
c 7
f 13 g 15 h 17
5 2519
6 a i 15.5% increase
ii 4% decrease
iii 8% decrease
iv 17.2% decrease
d 9
i 19
e 11
17 16 2--- %
Exercise 1-10
1 a
c
e
g
Power plus
b
d
f
h
7.5 L/100 km
8 L/100 km
12.8 L/100 km
10 L/100 km
w w y x x
18 a ---- , ---- , -- , -- , ---x y x y w
b Depends on the values assigned to the
pronumerals, e.g. if x = 3, y = 2, w = 1
i 4 2--- L/100 km
3
2 a 500 km
b 50 km
c 150 km
d 25 km
e 47.9 km
f 8.3 km
3 a 67.6 L
b 39.52 L
c 152.88 L
d 6.864 L
e 0.26 L
f 78 L
4 a 61.5 L
b $67.59
5 a 1 birth/1000 people
b 2.5 births/1000 people
c 13 births/1000 people
d 1.2 deaths/1000 people
e 34 births/1000 people
f 4.5 deaths/1000 people
6 a 240 000
b 130 000
c 5.5 per 1000
7 John uses 324 L, Ken uses 144 L
Exercise 1-11
1 a 1167 m/min
b 5000 m/min
c 22.2 m/s
d 26.4 m/s
e 30.56 m/s
f 1000 m/min
g 2400 m/min
h 1.8 km/h
i 1.5 km/h
j 252 km/h
k 7.2 km/h
l 36 km/h
2 a 50 g/cm
b 125 kg/h
c 80 mL/g
d 0.04 g/m2
e 8.64 kg/day
f 54 L/h
g 11.52 t/day
h 0.000 010 8 s/mm3
i 2 g/cm2
j 1.25 beats/s
k 8 m/mL
l 300 mL/s
3 a 4500 m
b 9 km/h
4 454.55 km
5 66.67 m
6 2480 seconds
7 a 15 m
b 20 m
c 27.5 m
8 15 per 1000
9 Wonder Gal
10 240 km/h
then
3
--2
2--- ; if x = 6, y = 2, w = 1,
then
6
--2
2
--1
9 10M2
10 a Timmy
d
--------720
Chapter 1 Review
1
1 a -----
3
b 2 -----
3 1--8
----- 25
32
15
i 1 2--3
2 a $200
10
9
-----35
19
d 1 -----
3 1--4
h 13 1---
20
j 3 2---
k 1 3---
l 3 3---
b 60 kg
c 90
3 a 23.75
b 2.303
d 0.8516
e 12.43
4 a 38 920
b 39 000
5 9 461 000 000 000 km
6 a 0.2 7 , recurring
17
--------120
c 0.6
f 4.859
c 40 000
b 0.575, terminating
c 1.5 71428 , recurring
d 0.95, terminating
e 3.6 , recurring
7 a 0.84
8 a
d
9 a
10 a
c
11 a
c
12 a
c
13 a
21
-----31
$24.96
b
6.12 m
e
62.5
b
1.27 105
7 106
0.000 000 43
0.000 005
8.3 1011
5.1 1012
2:5
b
5
--8
$52.80
c 12 kg
$132.60
f $10.50
$84.80
c $432.32
b 7.01 102
d 3.7 103
b 87 530
b 2.0 1013
d 1.1 1010
4:3
c 1 : 10
ANSWERS
613
d
g
14 a
d
15 a
b
9:2
e 3:8
2:1
h 1:2
6:4:3
b 7:2:3
5:9:6
e 3:8:6
4 : 5 = 12 : 15 = 32 : 40
2
--3
12
-----18
f
i
c
f
1:3
4:9
1:6:2
1:2:4
Exercise 2-03
14
-----21
16 a 180
b 30
c 48
d $16 250
e i 240 : 360
ii 100 : 200 : 300
iii 120 : 60 : 240 : 180
17 a 1 : 400
b 20 : 1
c 1 : 250
d 1 : 10 000 000
18 a 93.33 km
b 126.67 km
c 133.33 km
d 266.67 km
19 a i 36 km/h
ii $5.98/kg
b i 36.60
ii 40 220 yen
iii 15.25
iv $18.65
20 a i 12 L/100 km ii 17.2 L/100 km
b i 10.5 births/1000 people
ii 6.4 deaths/1000 people
21 a 1.5 kg/min
b 0.3456 kL/day
c 12.2 L/100 km
d 10.53 km/L
e 33.33 m/s
f 18 km/h
Chapter 2
115
b 15.7
c 37.7
d 69.9
201
f 76.1
g 103
h 905
48.5
1681 mm2
b 1650 mm2
1248 mm2
d 4750 mm2
2310 mm2
f 1800 mm2
182 mm2
h 770 mm2
680 mm2
y = 29
b k = 29
d = 19
33 cm, 85 cm2
b 88 cm, 616 cm2
396 cm, 12 469 cm2
581 cm, 26 880 cm2
4.913 m; 1.508 m2
38.562 cm; 88.357 cm2
12.727 m; 8.727 m2
105 m3
b 480 m3
c 640 m3
1 a 282 m2
b 204 m2
c 165 m2
2 a 1036 cm2
b 1020 mm2
c 204 m2
d 390 cm2
e 672 cm2
f 5672 mm2
3 a 57 m2
b 22 m
c 269 m2
d 226 m2
e 20 m2
f 40 m2
4 a 657.1 cm2
b 2858.8 cm2
c 2714.2 cm2
d 2440.5 cm2
e 150.3 cm2
5 a 26.14 m2
b 28 m2
6 35 026 cm2
Exercise 2-02
a
a
a
a
a
275 m2
166.4 m2
843 cm2
432 cm2
144 m2
b
b
b
b
b
614
7
8
9
10
11
12
d
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
c
3
--5
b 30.16 cm
c 4.8 cm
8 cm
e 193 cm2
17.3 cm
b 16.5 cm
7.1 cm
b 5.6 cm
c 360 cm2
24.4 cm
b 573.1 cm2
3.99 cm
b 27.9 cm
c 27.6 cm
6.9 cm
b 85.3 cm
c 85 cm
r = 6.31, l = 11.2, h = 9.25
r = 10.9, l = 12.9, h = 6.90
r = 13.1, l = 17.0, h = 10.9
1 a 2827.43 mm2
b 380.13 m2
c 366.44 cm2
2 a 432 m2 b 192 cm2 c 768 mm2
3 a 628 m2
b 314 m2
c 236 m2
d 1257 m2
4 5.1 108 km2
5 a 716.3 m2
b 72 L
6 a 6.91 cm
b 7.98 cm
c 9.77 cm
7 a Teacher to check
b i 3800 cm2
ii 8.5 m2
c 6.5 cm
Exercise 2-05
1 a
d
g
j
m
cm2
857.7
5670.9 cm2
282.7 cm2
3769.9 cm2
4805.8 cm2
b
e
h
k
n
564 mm2
3456 mm2
1592 cm2
2150 cm2
150 m2
c
c
c
c
c
87.4 cm2
743.1 cm2
3116 cm2
173 cm2
138 m2
cm2
412.3
343.0 cm2
652.9 cm2
1148.8 cm2
3908.4 cm2
c
f
i
l
o
cm2
1042.0
628.3 cm2
537.4 cm2
3095.3 cm2
328 cm2
1 a 64.8 m3
b 1534.5 m3
c 13.6 m3
d 135.7 m3
e 107.5 m3
f 146.3 m3
2 a 1539.4 m3
b 14 431.7 cm3
c 226.4 m3
d 4.7 m3
3 a 23 562 cm3
b 4825 cm3
c 5027 cm3
d 1989 cm3
e 536 cm3
f 12 900 cm3
g 33 117 cm3
h 2639 cm3
i 794 cm3
4 a 20 slices b 138 cm2
c 0.3 m2
5 Triangular prism 36.4 m2, half cylinder
28.8 m2.
The triangular tent has the greater surface
area.
6 2073.5 cm2 or 0.21 m2
7 a 1508.6 cm3
b 75.4 cm3
8 1028.00 cm3
9 a 29 040 cm3
b 24 L
12 10.7 cm
15 3375 cm3
149.3 cm3
b 240 cm3
120 cm3
d 336 m3
1200 cm3
f 106.7 m3
950.7 cm3
b 41.1 m3
2400 mm3
d 840 cm3
14 842.7 mm3
f 21.9 m3
7883.3 cm3
h 8064 mm3
i 24 cm
ii 3200 cm3
iii 3200 mL
b i 20 m
ii 19 200 m3
iii 19 200 kL
c i 40 mm
ii 4320 mm3
iii 4.32 mL
d i 60 mm
ii 28 160 mm3
iii 28.16 mL
e i 7.7 m
ii 133.056 m3
iii 133.056 kL
f i 84 cm
ii 564 480 cm3
iii 56448 mL or 56.448 L
a Volume 343 cm3, capacity 343 mL
b Volume 400 cm3, capacity 0.4 L
c Volume 1152 cm3, capacity 1152 mL
d Volume 6100 cm3, capacity 6100 mL
e Volume 6048 cm3, capacity 6048 mL
f Volume 2500 cm3, capacity 2500 mL
a 33.75 m3
b 18.98 tonnes
b 0.412 m3
a 946 729 m3
27 m
8 24 cm2
9 19 mm
4.9 cm
1 a
c
e
2 a
c
e
g
3 a
5
6
7
10
Exercise 2-08
209 m3
b 872 cm3
c 1272 mm3
616 cm3
e 393 cm3
f 2545 mm3
12 566.4 cm3
b 3141.6 cm3
18 849.6 cm3
d 4712.4 cm3
Perpendicular height 6.9 cm,
volume 115.6 cm3
b Perpendicular height 27.2 m,
volume 13 786.1 m3
c Perpendicular height 12.4 cm,
volume 378.6 cm3
d Perpendicular height 3.5 m,
volume 2.3 m3
e Perpendicular height 244.6 m,
volume 296 103.1 m3
f Perpendicular height 71.9 cm,
volume 129 674.2 cm3
a i Teacher to check.
ii 40 mm
iii 3392.9 mm3
b i Teacher to check.
ii 12 cm
iii 314.2 cm3
c i Teacher to check.
ii 3 m
iii 8.0 m3
d i Teacher to check.
ii 72 mm
iii 33 250.6 mm3
a 9 cm b 4 cm c 15 cm d 2 cm
a 5.7 m
b 9.7 cm
c 9.2 cm
d 8.5 m
2 cm
8 5.23 mm
1 a
d
2 a
c
3 a
Exercise 2-06
Exercise 2-01
1
2
3
4
5
6 a
c 0.0238 kL
10 4948 cm3 11 9.0 m2
13 36 mm
14 3.2 m2
16 64 m2
Exercise 2-07
1 a 101 cm2
b 628 cm2
c 2419 cm2
2 a 392.7 mm2
b 62.8 m2
c 192.4 cm2
3 a 90
b 224
c 577
4 a 942 cm2
b 393 cm2
c 1017 cm2
d 402 cm2
5 5525 cm2
Exercise 2-04
Start up
1 a
e
i
2 a
c
e
g
i
3 a
c
4 a
c
d
5 a
b
c
6 a
6 44 436 m2
7 a 1344 mm2 b 180 cm2
c 343.4 m2
8 a 42 m
b A = 735 m2
c 35 m
d 28 m
5
6
7
Exercise 2-09
Power plus
mm3
1 a 14 137
b
c 660 cm3
d
e 1072 cm3
f
2 a 33 510.3 cm3
b
c 179.6 cm3
d
e 356.8 cm3
f
3 a 4 mm
b 7 cm
4 a 11 500 mm3
b
c 409 000 mm3
d
e 38.8 m3
f
5 1.1 1012 km3
m3
697
3619 m3
8579 mm3
97.7 m3
0.9 m3
4.1 cm3
c 3m
5150 cm3
1.07 m3
51 000 mm3
Exercise 2-10
1 a cylinder and cone
b 59 m3
c 59 kL
2 a Volume 31 416 cm3, capacity 31.416 L
b Volume 616 cm3, capacity 0.616 L
c Volume 264 cm3, capacity 0.264 L
3 a Volume 1950 cm3, capacity 1.95 L
b Volume 22 988 cm3, capacity 22.988 L
c Volume 1309 cm3, capacity 1.309 L
d Volume 455 cm3, capacity 0.455 L
e Volume 25 656 cm3, capacity 25.656 L
f Volume 1527 cm3, capacity 1.527 L
4 a Tank A 28.27 m3, Tank B 56.55 m3
b 28.27 kL
5 a 12 balls
b 60 balls
c 31 416 cm3
d 48%
6 a 1963 cm3
b 0.55 cm3/s
b 210 kL
c $205.80
7 a 250 m3
8 1.447 1015 km3
7 a
H
---4
Chapter review
5236 cm2
b 277.6 m2
104.3 m2
d 14 294.2 cm2
5871.2 cm2
f 4427.8 cm2
960 cm2
b 7776 cm2 c 1356 cm2
704 mm2
b 3270 mm2
2490 mm2
452 m2
b 681 m2
c 5890 m2
3318 cm2
b 1728 cm2
5429 cm2
d 1078 cm2
16 416 cm2
f 3016 cm2
11 cm3
b 20 160 cm3
10 472 cm3
183 m3
b $21.96
323 m3
b 540 cm3
c 348 cm3
i 1340.4 m3
ii 10 262.5 m3
iii 31.7 m3
b i 10.7 cm
ii 6.9 cm
10 a i V = 180 000 mm3, C = 180 mL
ii V = 5.75 m3, C = 5.75 kL
b i 12 mm
ii 3 m
11 a 360 498 mm3
b 145 125 mm3
c 455 cm3
d 1152 m3
e 3054 cm3
f 18 096 m3
12 a 250 cm3
b i Increases 27 times
1 a
c
e
2 a
3 a
c
4 a
5 a
c
e
6 a
c
7 a
8 a
9 a
ii Decreases by
1
--4
7 a
b
8 a
b
c
9 a
b
c
1
------3 2
of original length
10 a 162 cm3
b 154 mL
c 25 : 49
d 363.41 cm2
e Increases 9 times
f Decreases by
27
-----64
11 a V1 = 72 cm3 b V2 = 4V1
d V4 = 9V1
e V5 =
12 350% increase
4 a
5 a
17 , 5,
1 4--7
--2
3
--4
V1
c V3 = 2V1
Chapter 3
Start up
m2 + 10m + 21
b k2 + 7k + 10
y2 3y 4
d w2 + 4w 21
f 6d2 + 11d + 3
n2 5n + 6
4 17p 15p2
h 3a2 + 17af + 10f 2
3x2 7vx + 2v2
j ac + ad + bc + bd
10e2 + 15eg + 6e + 9g
6h2 7h 5
i a2 + 2ab + b2 ii a2 2ab + b2
i x2 + 8x + 16 ii y2 6y + 9
iii 4k2 + 4k + 1 iv 9m2 24m + 16
v 9k2 12kf + 4f 2
vi a2 + 4ab + 4b2
3 a a2 b2
b i d2 9
ii 9a2 16
iii 16w2 y2
iv 25h2 9e2
v 1 9y2
vi 81d2 16w2
4 a 26
b 52 c 1010 d 70
e 35
1 a
c
e
g
i
k
l
2 a
b
19
------
f 157 g 4 6 h 74
i 32
5 4 and 5
6 a 1.93
b 1.78
c 3.66
d 4.33
e 207.06
f 7.37
g 5623.41
h 26.75
Exercise 3-01
b 0.7
f 2.6
187% 2 --59-
c R
h R
mR
d R
i I
n I
b ,
2 7--9
10 ,
3
e I
j R
o I
11
20 , 2.6
6 b i 57 mm
ii Approximately 1.4 (= 56 40)
7 a Teacher to check.
b i Construct a right-angled triangle with
the two shorter sides equal to 10 units.
The hypotenuse is 10 2 units.
ii Construct a right-angled triangle with
the two shorter sides equal to a units.
Exercise 3-02
1 a 2
e 0.09
b 5
f 28
c 27
g 45
d 250
h 50
2 a 2 2
b 3 3
c 2 6
d 3 6
e 9 3
f 3 5
g 4 3
h 10 2
i 4 6
j 3 7
k 12 2
l 6 3
m5 3
n 7 3
o 4 2
p 11 2
q 9 2
r 7 5
s 5 5
t 16 2
u 3 35
v 10 7
w4 7
x 3 11
d 56 2
1 a 1.8
e 2.5
26
3 a 25 2
ii Length of side is divided by 2

1 : 11.56
1 : 39.304
i 4 : 25
ii 8 : 125
i 1:4
ii 1 : 8
i 49 : 16
ii 343 : 64
i 3:2
ii 9 : 4
i 5:3
ii 125 : 27
i Increased 8 times
ii
2 a R
b I
f R
g R
k I
l R
3 A, C, D
--2
74%
y 4 10
Exercise 2-11
1 a 1 : 16
b 9 : 16
c 25 : 4
d 4 : 49
2 a 9:1
b 9 : 25
c 81 : 25
d 4:9
3 a 3:5
b 1 : 10
c 8:5
d 4:9
4 a 7:6
b 7:9
5 x = 3.5
6 a 54 cm2
b 44.1 cm2
c 7.5 cm
d 154 cm
e i Area is quadrupled (4)
4
-----11
12 3 15 1 --45
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Teacher to check.
d 3.5
h 1.9
c 12 3
10
7
------3
h 6 6
i 18 17
5 5
---------2
k 3 2
l 3 3
n 15 3
o 14 17
q 2 5
r 6 5
s 4 5
t 6 2
u 12 10
v 5 10
w3 6
x 49 7
m 40 10
p
13
---------3
y 3 30
4 a F b F
c T
d T
e T
f F
Exercise 3-03
b 35
c 4 3
d 6
e 5 2
f 45
g 15 30
h 10 21
i 140
j 30 2
k 36
l 60 2
1 a
14
m 112
n 24 6
o 80
q 396
r 160 5
s 216 2
t 96 6
u 36 5
v 60 10
w 252 3
x 72 14
b 3
c 3 6
p 90 6
2 a
c 0.4
g 1.6
b 6 2
d 2 2
e ------7- or 1---
f 21
g 1
ANSWERS
7
h 8
615
i 5 3
j 5 2
l 2 6
n
------24
or
o 1
q 4
r 21 2
t 2
b 4 6
3 a 2
2
-----45
2
--3
30
e 14 3
f 2
Exercise 3-04
b 5 2
c 7 5 7
d 4 5
e 0
g 8 15
h 0
i 2 3
j 10 5
k 6 10
l 14 3
1 a 7 7
1
------5w
or
31h4
1
----x2
b 9 + 2 14
c 21 4 5
d 49 + 12 10
e 77 + 30 6
f 179 20 7
g 110 + 60 2
h 35 + 20 3
1
--3
h4
j 73 12 35
c 67
d 57
g 2
h 35
5 a 88 30 7
b 10 + 21 2
9
-----m6
25
--------9d 2
6 a 5
f 10
k 2
125
--------k6
w4
-------------m 8 x 12
u 1
v 1
g 29
h 92 12 5
7 a 3
i 6
j 4 30
b 13 10 + 3 2
k 4
l 12 + 2 15
c 9 3 + 5 2
d 7 15 + 8 2
m 9
n 30 + 4 15
e 3 7 2 5
f 2 6 8 3
2 a 5 5 8
i 6 7
3 a C
b D
j 3 5
c B
d A
e C
b 3 3
c 2 5
d 7
e 5 6
f 7 5
g 10
h 8 11
j 8 3
5 a 11 3
c 6 3
14
---------6
2 2
---------------2
b 5
35 5
------------------5
d 30 3
22 11
---------------------11
k 3 2
l 9 2
f 41 2
g 5 6
h 29 2
i 15 3
j 0
k 6 2 +2 3
l 12 3 + 3 6
m3 2 6 5
n 10 2
o 4 6
p 5 2
q 17 5 10 7
r 10 10 7 3
t 4 a
v 13 n + 10 k
b 6 3
4 15
------------5
1
--4
8v
14 3
g 73 t
c
-----8
b y3
6 5 3
-----------------------3
1
------4 x
1
--6
5
--6
1
--2
2
--5
c 6 5 w 2 d 32 3 p 5
1
------------8 4 a3
k 243
1
--------128
n 1000
1
--------216
5
-----32
1
--4
6 a 1.7
e 0.046
1
--4
d4
9e
x3
3m2n
4g2
6c9
5g4
3 a
1
----42
c
f
i
l
o
r
u
k15
12k9
2a4
l14m13
1
36t5
wt3
5 p2
--------3
c 1
g 15
b 8
f 3
c
1
--8
d 2
h 24
1
----53
1
----27
2
-----25
c 8
j 625
4
--9
5
-----24
1
--2
h 10 7 k 3
1
--2
m 27
1
---------------5
64a 3
4
-----35
1
----65
1
---------4 3
d
h 256
-1
h (5y4) 3
3
--5
16
-----25
f x 5
f 100 000
e 27
n 4:3
2
--3
c y2
1
4
1
-----25
m 9:7
2x
f 4 15w
k 9 : 20
17
-----40
e p
1
--8
j 5:9
l 4:5
h3
k5
-1
f 74 2
60
3 a d4
4 a
-1
c 8k 2
3
2
i 5:9
1
--4
h a
-7
5
--7
e 5p 3
1
3
g a2
d 2 1---
-1
5 a 125
4
--5
x 24
c 4
-1
Skillbank 3
2
--3
w1
t 8
b (2d) 2
11
---------11
g 16 10 + 54
21 2 3
c 28 6 + 21 + 8 2 + 2 3
616
or 2
e 109 + 10 77
10 6 5 3 2
g (9ab)
2 a
10
---------8
w fh3
55
i 24 3 6
f 72 23 6
35
---------5
27e6
8
2
4
h 5 5 75
10
5 2+ 6
------------------------4
v
y
2 a
e
g 42 8 7
d 20 +
b
e
h
k
n
q
t
f 4 11 +
b 7+2 7
2
------2
y8
1
4g3
20p3q7
48b17
3
5w2
e 12 + 6 6
2 a 10 +
77
---------2
1 a
d
g
j
m
p
s
d 3 10 15
Exercise 3-07
c 2 21 + 7
g
k
=1
or
d 4 2
3 2
---------4
5 6
---------6
s 4
Exercise 3-08
1+2 7
-------------------2
3 a
10
r 27
16
d (15w) 3
Exercise 3-05
15
5
------20
1
f 4 -----
4 5
---------5
r 1+
x 2
5 7
---------7
64n 3
-----------27d 6
e 2
j 3
o 3
-1
2 3 2
-----------------------2
u 8 y
1 a
1
-----16
1 a 36 3
2 a
s 30 5 15 3
2a
e
i
e 5 7
w9 d
3
------3
16c 10
------------a4
h 7 --1-
d 1
i 6
n 1
b 3 1---
e 2 1---
Exercise 3-06
1 a
4 a 6 2
i 6 2
-1
h 6 13 + 11 7
g 13 11 3
e 83
5
----------a2 b3
b 5
c 8
g 3
h 25
l 150 m 25
f 85 3 77
d 73 + 40 3
w
---4
27
c 29 + 5 35
e 2p3
-----c 2 10
p 1 --1-
10
or
15
-----n3
c (4k)2
h 4
------3
b 6 1---
4d 2
--------y5
b 5y4
5 a 3
i 159 30 6
4 a 5
b 22
e 1
f 166
3
----g4
4 a 121
3 a 8 2 15
s 12
i 15 1
35
j 45 5 21
m 2 14
1--4
p 10
h 16
k 4 3
b 0.23
f 0.30
c 2.4
g 15
d 0.0098
h 2.3
c
g
k
o
d
h
l
p
Exercise 3-09
1 a y12
e a15
i p19
m2
2a
-----3c
b
f
j
n
k9
m8
c11
81e2
m
d4
5k5
4mn6
w9
x3
12q10
t8w7
r 2x3
s 2d11
t 16a6b7
u 2c2h
2 a 9
e 1
b 50
f 64
c 16
g 24
d 2
h 81
i 2
j 2
k 27
-1
3 a 82
e y
4 a
4
3
1
----23
-1
b (2m) 4
f (9k)
b
3
5
1
--4
-1
-1
c 20 3
g c
1
--2
d k5
7
4
h (5b) 3
c
1
----k2
3
----a5
1
-----------25g 2
p3
1
-----------d2 f 3
--------x4
i 93
25
-----m4
9
----h3
l
5 a
1
5
b d
10 a 32
1
d --------
----------y 12
1
--4
c 2
1
-----15
f 4
g 4
1
-----36
j 1 1---
k 32
1
--------216
-----n 4 17
b
2
4
--5
m 3 3--8
27
1
-----32
1 20
2 a 17.0
3 a 3:7
d 3:4
g 12 : 1
4 40 320 km/h
p 27
5 a 6 2---
1 a Yes, since
1
--------------------7 2
7+ 2
by 1 -------------------7+
= 1
has been multiplied
7+ 2
--------------------5
ii Yes
b
2 15 + 3
----------------------17
83 6
-------------------2
3 a 1189 mm 841 mm
3 2
---------2
1
------2
2
------2
10 2
13 + 5 5
----------------------11
4 s=
D
------3
or s =
3D
-----------3
6 (2 + 2 3 ) m
4
--3
10 3
------------3
Chapter 3 Review
1 a I
f R
b R
g R
2 a 6 2
c R
h R
d I
i N
e R
j I
b 7 2
c 5 11
d 8 2
e 15 6
f 14 7
g 48 2
h 15 5
i 28 3
m 4 11
50
-----3
l 2 2
n 6
o 6 2
p 3 6
3 a
21
b 2 10
c 4 3
55
e 2 6
g 4 6
j
3 2
---------2
h 1
k
2
--3
4 a 2 3
14
6
------6
b 5 2
c 7 5
d 3 7 3 2
e 2+6 5
f 3 7
b 5 2 7 5
5 a 13 2
c 14 2 + 17 3
d 32 5 9 7
e 38 2 24 3
f 8 11
6 a 12 + 9 2
c 7 35 27
8 a
3 10
------------10
10 10 5
h 70 + 38 5
b
2 2+1
-------------------3
3
------4
5 6
---------6
30m3
16 a
65
-----99
d y
c
b 3
3
--8
c
c
f
i
34 a 3 2
g 14 7
35 a 2 6
b $A204.82
b 1.06 1020
g 15
b 2 5
c 6 2
f 13 2
h 2 3
i 18 10
36 a 118
d 12
7
5
c 10 14
e 2
2
------2
b y7
5
--6
(3m5) 2
f 5m3
1
-1
d 2y 3
1
--8
3 3
---------2
c 3k7m2
c 2w 4
24
5
10 2
( 4n ) 5
b 15 5
d 7 2
e 0
f 32 5 6 3
g 14 6
h 9 3 6 10
b Rational
e Rational
c Rational
f Irrational
9
41 a 1 -----
b 2 5---
c 12
16
b 24 2 12
42 a 5
c 4 7 + 10
d 7 7 2
e 33 + 4 14
f 54 + 22 10
g 8 2 15
i 5
h 163 + 8 30
j 259
k 20 6
43 a
l 18x 6 wx
5
------5
d 3 5
g
990
4
--3
i 9 y
40 a Irrational
d Neither
313
c 1 --------
e 2 5
b
1
---------------------3125 c 5
c 9 3
2.064
3:2
1:4
1 : 180
d 12
7
-----55
32m 5
1
e --------4 45
39 a 2 2
c 2 3---
y2
d 27 p 3
g
14.72
5:3
10 : 3
4:1
1
--2
17 a 2145 mm3
b 8181 mm3
c 7069 mm3
18 a 6362 mm3
b 90 mm3
c 30 708 cm3
19 a 1294.43 m2
b 868 m2
c 1555.63 m2
20 a 15 927.9 cm3
b 8143.0 cm3
21 a 580 cm2
b 7.96 m
c 7 cm
22 a 46 m3
b $49.22
23 a 22.4 m2
b 192.8 m2
c 303 m2
24 a 18 473 mm3
b 2413 mm3
c 1105 mm3
25 a 800 mm2 b 8.9 cm
c 4904 cm2
26 a 1122 cm2
b 61 m2
27 a 320 cm3
b 746.7 cm3
c 512 cm3
28 a i 1 : 5.76
ii 1 : 13.824
b 64 : 125
c 1.86 m
d i 3.375 : 1
ii 45 cm
29 14 mm
30 4.89 m
31 10 cm
32 a 10 cm
b 400 cm3
33 a 6
b 12
c 9
d 1
37 a k
4k6
b
b
e
h
13 a 145.25
14 a 7.18 1015
15 20.6%
d 60 2
f 43
g 9
c w
38 a
3
2
6 a 673.9
b 0.0010
7 a 1.7 107 b 6 106 c 3.574 103
8 a 75 km/h
b 70c/kg
c $7.65/m
d 85 words/min
9 a 0.5 4 , recurring b 0.85, terminating
c 0.335, terminating
d 0.0019, terminating
e 0.64 , recurring
10 a 95.2 L
b 8.288 L
c 154.56 L
11 a $12 520
b $28 170
12 a 3.6 m
b 2.56 m
d 12 5
d 23 8 7
e 77 + 10 6
7 a
Powerplus
2 a
f 8
7
4
Mixed Revision 1
1
--9
b i
2
3
b 10 000
e 4
343
27k 6
e 2 1--i
9 a d
7a 2
----h5
e 81y8
d 4mn
1
-------------( 5g ) 2
or
30
---------2
j 1
7 3
---------3
11
---------55
2 2
---------3
2 35
------------5
6 + 15
-------------------3
44 a 5
3 14 7
--------------------------21
10
c 2 5 +
1
--2
(9
10
b 5
d 7 2 10
e 5 2 10
45
f 2 10 7
5) cm2
Chapter 4
Start up
1 a y=5
b x = 3
c m = 24
d a=7
e y = 2 --3-
f x=1
b x 13
c x > 8
e y < 10
f m 10
2 a y < 50
d x < 1 1--2
3 a
c
e
g
i
4 a
c
e
5 a
c
e
6 a
c
e
7 a
c
e
g
+ 13a + 30
x2 + 9x + 20
k2 + 2k 15
25y2 + 30y + 9
a2 + 14a + 51
(4 m)(4 + m)
2y(7 y)
5(x 8)(x + 8)
(k + 1)(k + 4)
(m 8)(m + 7)
(w 7)(w 3)
(y + 2)2
(n 6)2
(2w 3)2
(3a + 1)(a + 3)
(2y 5)(3y + 8)
(5v + 3)(v 7)
(3h 4)(5h 1)
a2
ANSWERS
b
3y + 1
d y2 y 6
f m2 4m + 4
h 9a2 24a + 26
2y2
b
d
f
b
d
f
b
d
f
b
d
f
h
(d 11)(d + 11)
5p(2p + 5)
2(3w 5)(3w + 5)
(y 8)(y 2)
(u + 13)(u 5)
(x 6)(x + 4)
(d 3)2
(p + 9)2
(8q + 5)2
(5x + 2)(x 3)
(3t 1)(5t + 4)
(2y + 5)(4y + 7)
(4p 3)(3p + 5)
617
i (4d + 5)2
8 a 5.6
7
8
9
10
b 13.54
Exercise 4-01
1 a
d
g
2 a
d
g
3 a
d
g
y=2
a=1
w=6
y = 10
a = 3
y = 1
x = 16
y=8
m = 8
j a=
4 a
d
g
j
b
e
h
b
e
h
b
e
h
11
-----13
a=5
a = 5
x = 7.5
a = 2.5
y=8
x = 10
m=6
y = 7
a = 1
4
--3
k a=
y = 15
k = 57
x = 31
x = 29
b
e
h
k
5 a m = 2 --2-
x=8
a = 2
y = 2
y=5
x=1
m = 1.5
y=4
x = 11
y = 5
l a=
a=9
n = 35
y = 46
x = 24
b x=4
c
f
i
c
f
i
c
f
i
c
f
i
l
9
-----10
m=7
y = 7
m = 18
m = 10
c w=
----4
d x=3
e y=3
f a=
8 3--5
g p = 9 2---
h y=3
i y=
j w = 10
k w = 50
l w = 9 3---
n y = 60
11
o a = 1 -----
6 a x=
7
-----15
b y = 15 4---
c m = 19
10 2--9
10 3--5
d x=
e x=
9
h a = 7 -----
g a = -41
j a=
14
5
5 ----14
k w = 11
f y=
l y=
Exercise 4-02
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
15
km
------------p
c y=
5 2x
---------------d
d y=
P8
------------k
e y=
5m
------3
f y=
KD
--------------M
g y=
4d 5
---------------8
i y=
20m
---------3
20m 9
-------------------3
w5
------------x
l y = kx2
my=
a2 p
--------------m
n y = T 2c k
o y=
d h=
2A
-----------a+b
f s=
v2 u2
----------------2a
h l=
A r 2
------------------r
i n=
s + 360
-----------------180
j T=
D
---S
12
15
160
2600
180
46
40
44
b
f
j
n
r
v
70
900
770
26
8
135
c 240
g 220
k 18
o 18
s 104
w 600
d
h
l
p
t
x
900
300
34
12
24
80
j m 3 --2-
k d 2 --3-
l m 2 --1-
b y 8
e p 6
h k 12
c k 11
f p 4
i y4
k x 12
l h 18
n m 29
q p 4
o h 9
r y 6
Exercise 4-03
1
--2
1 a 52
b 17
2 a i 36 km/h
ii 86.4 km/h
iii 180 km/h
b 30.5 m/s
3 43
4 a I = 300
b P = 781.25
5 a 27C
b 0C
c 100C
d 39C
6 a 11.2
b 9
c 17.3
618
10 9
10
2
e a1
2 --14
10 8
h y 20
10
15
20
25
i a3
c k
5 1--2
5 a m 10
3 1--4
2
i d
12 10 8 6 4 2
g a5
m w 11
p x 8
4 a w 1
h m
f w 10
g k 4
12 10 8
i m 3 --1-
Skillbank 4A
2 a
e
i
m
q
u
h a6
d m 8
e a
d x4
g a4
f x
f w0
c y 4
c x 7
b x5
1 a x9
b y 2
Exercise 4-05
3
e a 3 --2-
1
--2
d r
5n d
---------------n
2 ( s ut )
---------------------t2
A+
------------------
c y -8
j t 2 2---
b b = c2 a2
r 2
b m6
3 a x3
d m0
g x 3
I
------Pn
2 a x1
k y=
$7.50, $18
18 mm, 36 mm, 36 mm
57 mm, 19 mm
4 29 cm, 13 cm
61, 62, 63
Vatha is 22, Chris is 14.
213, 214, 215, 216 8 26
Scott is 11 and his mother is 34
85 10-cent coins, 117 20-cent coins
6
The son is 3 and the father is 27.
25, 50, 105
14 72 L
8 teachers, 120 students
2c + k
--------------a
j y = t2 d2
3V
------4
10
b y=
h y=
l a 6
5x
-----------2
3 or y =
b 620 km
b 73.9 m2
1 a y=
g R=
3
k w 3
Exercise 4-04
i y = -14 --12 1--2
j a 1
31.8 cm
105.84 kg
4.9 m
55.5 km/h
d 1 1--- hours
11 a $97.50
12 a 410.0 cm2
e r=
13
b
b
b
b
c 325 km
c a=
6
-----11
15.1 m
21.0
137.3 cm3
80 km/h
2 a r=
----6
m a=
10 6--7
a
a
a
a
1
--3
b y 2 --12
d x
11
-----3
6 a 22, 23, 24
b length = 23.2 cm, width = 5.8 cm
c 12 cm, 12 cm, 21 cm
d 3, 5 and 17
Exercise 4-06
1 a x = 3, y = 1
c x = 7, y = 3
e x = 1, y = 4
b x = 1, y = 3
d x = 2, y = 3
f x = 5, y = 4
2 a
c
3 a
c
e
x = 2, y = 2
x = 2, y = 1
x = 2, y = 2
x = 1, y = 4
x = 2, y = 8
b x = 1, y = 4
Exercise 4-11
b x = 5, y = 10
d x = 1, y = 3
f x = 1, y = 1
x = 2, y = 3
b x = 0, y = 1
x = 4, y = 3
x = 1, y = 2
b x = 3, y = 3
x = 3, y = 2
d x = 0, y = 1
x = 3, y = 1
f x = 2, y = 9
x = 5, y = 4
h x = 3, y = 2
The lines are parallel, so they do not
intersect.
Exercise 4-08
1 a x = 2, y = 5
c x = 2, y = 2
e x=
2 a
c
e
g
3
--4
, y = 2 3--4
x = 1, y = 3
x = 1, y = 6
x = 4, y = 1
x = 9, y = 3
i x = -8, y = -3
b x = 8, y = 2
d x = 24, y = 8
f x=
b
d
f
h
2
--3
, y = 2 1--3
x = 5, y = 2
x = 4, y = 1
x = 3, y = 2
x = -13, y = 6
j x = 3 --1- , y = 1
3
Exercise 4-09
1 a a = 2, c = 3
b e = 4, g = 4
c x = 1, y = 3
d n = 1 1--- , p = 2
e x = 3, y = 2
g x = 5, y = 10
f w = 1, y = 2
h x = 5, y = 5
i c = 1 1--- , e = 1
2
2 a x = 6, y = 1
c h = 2, p = 3
e x = 3, w = 6.5
g x = 3, y = 3
i x = 6, y =
3 a
c
e
g
i
k
b a = 3, c = 2
d x = 4, y = 6
f p = 1, w = 5
h x = 3, y =
1
--2
1
--2
x = 10, y = 3
x = 5, w = 5
x = 6, y = 7
p = 2, q = 0
x = 4, y = 7
a = 2, c = 8
b
d
f
h
j
l
a = 1, c = 3
a = 3, g = 4
x = 2, y = 2
m = 1, n = 1
x = 1, y = 4
h = 2, d = 2
Skillbank 4B
3 a
e
i
6 a
d
g
j
13
b 2460 c 0.13
24.6
f 1300 g 1.3
2.46
j 13
k 130
14 076
b 1407.6
1407.6
e 140.76
140 760
h 14.076
14 076
k 14 076
c
f
i
l
d 24.6
h 2460
l 246
140.76
140.76
1407.6
1.4076
Exercise 4-10
1
3
4
6
7
9
10
11
12
m = 12
k = 13
x = 2
k = 6
b
e
h
k
m k = 1
Exercise 4-07
1 a
c
2 a
c
e
g
3 b
1 a
d
g
j
200 women
2 280 children
b 110 adults
210 children
5 22 inkjet, 38 laser
10 400 adults, 4600 children
4 videos
8 11 Supreme pizzas
Jenni is 19 years old
Adam is 12 years old
a Pie = $2.20
b Hotdog = $1.80
b 115 50-cent coins
Exercise 4-13
x = 20
y = 1
t = 4
w = 10
y = 15
w = 4
a = 4
d = 12
c
f
i
l
o x = --1-
n w = 5
p m = 6
q y = 1
r p = 3
s k = 2
t y = 10
u x = 9
2 a m = +2
b a = 9
c m = 5.29
d m = 1.94 e k = 0.58 f x = 7.58
g k = 9.80 h k = 9.49 i y = 0.35
j w = 7.07 k a = 9.24 l y = 6.20
3 Because the square of a positive number or
a negative number is always a positive
number.
4 a, c and f
5 a x = 1 or x = 3 2--3
c m = 5 or m = 6
b a = 0 or a = 5
2
--3
d k=
or k =
1 1--3
e p = 7.5 or p = 4.5 f x = 21 or x = 19
2
--3
g m = 2 or m = 14 h y =
or y = 2
i x = 32 or x = 33
g w = 0 or
i a=
1
--2
k c=
5
--2
or
2 a
c
e
g
i
k
m
o
q
s
u
1
--2
1
--2
y = 0 or 3
p = 4 or 4
g = 1 or 2
u = 2 or 24
w = 11 or 6
k = 3 or 4
y = 5 or 3
a = 3 or 2
r = 11 or 3
d = 6
b g = 1 or 1 1---
d t = 2 1--- or 1
5
--6
e m=
or
g x=
1
--3
i u=
k w=
1 2--5
----3
2
or 3
f y = 1 1--- or 3
4
h a = 2 --12
j q = 4 or 1 --13
or 1
l c = 4 or 3
4 a x = 2 1--- or 3
b t = 2 1--- or
c u=
1--8
or 5
1
--2
d m=
1
--7
or 1
e p = 4 or 7
g t = --3- or 5
f e = 1 or 5
h d = --7- or --1-
i h = 5
j f = 0 or
k w=
5 8
1
--6
49
-----16
= (a +
7
--- )2
4
j v2
--53
v+
25
-----36
= (v
5 2
--- )
6
2 a 3 +
or 3
7 , 3
b 5+
5,5
c 1 +
10 , 1
d 1+
1
--2
7
5
2,1
1
--2
5,
10
5 or
1+2 5 12 5
--------------------, -------------------2
2
6 + 82
-------------------2
6 82
------------------2
2 + 7 2 7
-, --------------------i -------------------3
3 + 71
-------------------2
3 71
------------------2
5,2
3+4 2
-------------------4
34 2
-------------------4
3 a h = 1
b r=1
c m = 3
d w=2
f x=
7 61
-------------------2
21
----------------------2
h c=
9 73
-------------------2
17
----------------------2
j y=
3 17
-------------------2
k x=
3 5
----------------2
l e=
5 17
----------------------2
mk=
61
----------------------2
n u=
1 21
-------------------2
e a=5+
g p=
i f=
30
or 2 --1-
----5
a+
k 2+
3 a k = 3 or 2--5
5 2
--- )
2
7
--2
n h = 1 or
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
p
r
t
----3
= (h
i a2 +
or 1
c d = 1 or
25
-----4
3
--- )2
2
1 2
--- )
2
= (x +
j x = --1- or 1 --1-
m = 0 or 2
f = 5 or 5
x = 3 or 3
t = 3 or 6
n=7
p = 4 or 6
d = 6 or 3
k = 9 or 3
c = 5 or 3
y=2
m=1
7 2
--- )
2
= (w
3
--5
l f=
--57
o e=
1
--4
h h2 5h +
9
--4
f w2 3w +
g x2 + x +
= (y +
2 + 42 2 42
-, -----------------------g -----------------------
h n = 1--- or 3
49
-----4
2 + 3 3 2 3 3
-, -----------------------f ------------------------
b d = 3 or 7
d k = 0 or 3
f p = 0 or 3
2
--3
m c = 1--- or 1---
x2 + 2x + 1 = (x + 1)2
p2 6p + 9 = (p 3)2
m2 8m + 16 = (m 4)2
k2 + 4k + 4 = (k + 2)2
e y2 + 7y +
Exercise 4-12
1 a m = 7 or 3
c y = 5 or 3
e t = 7 or 0
1 a
b
c
d
1
--2
l a = 2 or
1
--3
o
4 a
c
e
g
i
b = 2 2
x = 0.88 or 5.12
g = 0.72 or 1.39
w = 1.27 or 0.47
p = 2 or 1.33
n = 1 or 2.5
b
d
f
h
m = 4.40 or 0.40
h = 1.27 or 2.77
y = 1.14 or 1.47
e = 1.13 or 0.88
Exercise 4-14
1 a x = 36, 3
b n = 2 1--- , 1
2
e y=
5
--- , 1
6
1
----- , 2
5
g a=
1 17
-------------------4
h m=
i c=
3 41
-------------------8
j n=
c k=
ANSWERS
d p=
2
----3
, 2
f x = 3
22
----------------------3
3 21
-------------------6
619
k d = -2
6
-------------------5
mg=
o v=
2 a
c
e
g
i
k
m
o
14
----------------------5
8.89, 0.11
2.65, -2.65
0.85, 2.35
2.39, 0.28
1.62, 0.62
1.48, 1.48
8.09, 3.09
3.31, 1.81
l h=
9 17
-------------------4
n w=
1 7
----------------3
p n=
2 7
----------------3
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
i no solution
d 2
11
1 a x=
1.41, 1.41
3.77, -0.27
0.30, 1.13
3.83, 1.83
4, 9
2.31, 0.69
4.27, 7.73
g 2, 2
j
1 a w = 3
d m = 2.5
b y = 2
2 a m = 4 3---
1
b w = 13 -----
-3 11
---------------------2
4 46
-------------------3
53 5
-------------------4
33
----------------------4
r no solution
4 a 92, 93, 94, 95

b Grace is 13, Jane is 16
5 a i 160 mm3
ii 300 m2
iii 1.5 cm
b 120 m
1 a
+7
c 11 + 6h + h2
e u2 3u + 4
b
b 2at
d 3k2 6k 4
f k2 4k + 5
1 2--5
1--2
1 1--2
e 1 1--- , 1 1--3
3 a x = 2 or 3
1
- or 2
c m = -----3
b x = 2 or 2 2
d y = 1--- or 3
2
2
- or 2
e k = -----5
4 a
c
5 a
c
e
y = 3
b m = 4
no solutions
m = 1 or 2
b m = 1 or 10
x = 2.8 or 1.2 d x = 0.9 or 1.4
x = 0.894 or 1.26
Exercise 4-18
1 a x = 3, y = 9 and x = 2, y = 4
b x = 0, y = 0 and x = 4, y = 32
c x = 4, y = 26 and x = 2, y = 14
d x = 1, y = 5 and x = 1 1--- , y = 7 1--e x = 2, y = 18 and x =
5
1
--3
, y = 11
f x = 2, y = 22 and x = 5, y = 20
g x = 7, y = 39
h no solution
620
d
e
2 A bh
-------------------h
3 a
b
c y 1
c
d m 2 --15
3
4a2t2
b or a =
b y 5
Exercise 4-17
16a2p2
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
2 a
b
10
12
e m = 5--- or 2
3
c y=
26
3 3
----------------------2
16 a m = 5.5 or 0.54
c k = 2.8 or 2.5
f x = 3 or 5
b x=3
d k=
x = 2, y = 6
9 a x = 3, y = 11
b x = 3, y = 3
10 a x = 2, y = 11
b x = 4, y = 12
c x = 1, y = 1
d x = 1, y = 1
11 a m = 5, c = 9.5
b x = 5, y = 2
c x = 9, y = 4
d k = 3, w = 10
12 a 900 children
b 17 DVDs and 13 videos
13 a y = 11
b m = 5
c m = 6 or 2
d y = 1.5 or -4.5
14 a m = 2 or 2
b x = 0 or 10
c p = 6
d m = -6 or 8
15 a y = -4
1
--2
b m = 2 or 2
Chapter 5
1 a 58 m 38 m
b 6.5 m 13 m
c 17 cm 12 cm
d x=6
2 a 24 and 25
b 42 and 44
c 15 and 27
3 a 1275
b 3240
c 1965
d 36
e 44
4 15 and 17
5 a 1800 m
b 1080 m
c 19 s (approximately)
d 13.4 s
6 a $9200
b $5550
c 471 (truncate)
or
c y = 2
19 a x = 4, y = 20 and x = 3, y = 29
b x = 0, y = 0 and x = 3, y = 6
7 a y5
Exercise 4-16
4--5
2A
------h
6 a=
----9
b m = 1 --1-
c m=
11
k 3 --1- , 5
2 0, 1 or 2 solutions
,2
c p=0
4
--5
5
m = 8 1--3
y = --57
1
----2
f m = 1.9 or 2.4
b 14 m 22 m
Start up
3 a
p 3.5
d x = k2 2 y
3 Teacher to check.
5 b x = 1, 1.33, 2.18,
0.15
2 2 10
----------------------3
2 a 1,
1
--3
Chapter 4 review
f no solution
m 1 --1- , 2
1
--3
b x=
6 Intersects twice
e 4, 2
11
-----13
c x = 8
c 5
3 37
-------------------2
18 a y =
2 x 10
4 p = 4, q = 3
b 20, 7
97
----------------------6
e y = 2.0 or 4.0
17 a 32 and 34
3 41
-------------------4
Power plus
Exercise 4-15
1 a 5, 9
29
6 6
----------------3
b y = 1.2 or 4.7
d m = 1.8 or 2.2
4 a
b
c
m = 63 (vertically opposite angles)

x = 51 (angles on a straight line)
y = 57 (angles at a point)
k = 318 (angles at a point)
w = 89 (vertically opposite angles)
a = 19 (angles at a point)
d = 127 (alternate angles)
4m = 88 (corresponding angles)
m = 22
2h + 66 = 180 (co-interior angles)
2h = 114
h = 57
a = 72 (alternate angles, corresponding
angles)
k = 104 (vertically opposite angles)
m = 76 (angles on a straight line,
corresponding angles)
p = 81 (corresponding angles)
w = 99 (angles on a straight lines,
alternate angles)
h = 46 (angle sum of a triangle)
m + 35 = 124 (exterior angle of a
triangle)
m = 89
10h = 180 (angle sum of a triangle)
h = 18
5y + 137 + 83 = 360 (angle sum of a
quadrilateral)
5y = 140
y = 28
3k + 105 = 180 (co-interior angles)
3k = 75
k = 25
a + 27 + 197 + 34 = 360 (angle sum of a
quadrilateral)
a = 102
No, corresponding angles are not equal.
Yes, co-interior angles have a sum of 180.
No, alternate angles (or corresponding
angles) are not equal.
Exercise 5-01
1 a y = 50 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
b m = 108 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
c h = 120 (exterior angle of an equilateral
triangle)
d x = 45 (angle sum of a right-angled
isosceles triangle)
e a = 135 (exterior angle of a right-angled
isosceles triangle)
f 5d = 180 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
d = 36
g y + 70 + 70 = 180 (angle sum of an
isosceles triangle)
y = 40
16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 621 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 9:02 AM
h 2p = 130 (exterior angle of an isosceles

triangle)
p = 65
i h = 84 (exterior angle of an isosceles
triangle)
a y = 127 (rhombus, co-interior angles)
b k = 127 (opposite angles of a
parallelogram are equal)
c w = 35 (angles in a rectangle)
d h = 109 (co-interior angles in a
trapezium)
e f = 25 (angle sum of a right-angled
triangle in a rhombus)
f a = 46 (opposite angles of a
parallelogram are equal, angles on a
straight line)
a t = 70 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
b m = 58 (alternate angles)
y = 61 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
c d + 74 = 120 (exterior angle equals sum
of interior opposite angles)
d = 46
d m = 115 (corresponding angles)
k = 115 (vertically opposite angles)
w = 65 (co-interior angles)
h = 65 (corresponding angles)
e c = 94 (angle sum of isosceles triangle,
and vertically opposite angles)
f w = 24 (alternate angles and angle sum
of an isosceles triangle)
a = 102 (angle sum of straight line or
alternate angles)
g DXA = 90 (diagonals of a rhombus
meet at right angles)
p = 56 (angle sum of DXA)
h h = 70 (corresponding angles, angle sum
of a triangle)
i w = 93 (isosceles triangle, and angle
sum of a quadrilateral)
a q = 70 (alternate angles)
p = 70 (angle sum of a straight line)
w = 40 (angle sum of XYZ)
b XYZ is isosceles since p = q = 70.
a T
b T
c F
d F
e T
f F
g T
h T
i F
j F
k T
l T
mF
n T
LMK = LKM = 45 (angle sum of a
right-angled isosceles triangle)
PMN = 135 (angles on a straight line)
2x + 135 = 180 (angle sum of isosceles
triangle MNP)
x = 22.5
Let XYP = x, TWP = y
PYW = x (YP bisects XWY)
and PWY = y (WP bisects TWY)
2x + 2y = 180 (co-interior angles, YX || WT)
x + y = 90
But x + y + YPW = 180 (angle sum of
YPW)
90 + YPW = 180
YPW = 90
DBF = DCE (corresponding angles,
BF || CE)
BFD = DEC (corresponding angles,
BF || CE)
But DBF = BFD (equal angles of
isosceles BDF)
DCE = DEC
CDE is an isosceles triangle (two

angles equal)
9 NKL + 93 = 147 (exterior angle of
NKL)
NKL = 54
NKH = 54 (NK bisects NHK)
HKL = 108
KHL + 108 = 147 (exterior angle of
HKL)
KHL = 39
10 a CED = CDE = 42 (equal angles in
isosceles CDE)
DCE = 96 (angle sum of CDE)
k = 96
b BCE = CED = 42 (alternate angles,
CB || DE)
BEC = 42 (equal angles in isosceles
BCE)
ABE = BCE + BEC (exterior angle
of BCE)
= 84
m = 84
11 a y = 60 (angle in equilateral triangle)
x = 120 (co-interior angle in a rhombus)
b ACB = 60 (angle in equilateral
triangle)
x + x = 60 (exterior angle in isosceles
triangle)
x = 30
B = 60 (angle in equivalent triangle)
y = 90 (angle sum of ABD)
c 2x + 40 = 180 (angle sum of isosceles
triangle)
x = 70
y + y = 40 (exterior angle of isosceles
triangle)
y = 20
d HJK = JHK = 36 (equal angles in
isosceles triangle)
IJK = 72 (co-interior angles on
parallel lines IJ, HK)
x = 72 36 = 36
y = 180 x x (equal angles in
isosceles triangle)
y = 108
e g= 180 67 33 = 80 (angle sum of
ABD)
DAB and DEC are similar triangles.
DE- -------------= DC- D
DA DB
in common
x = 67
f similar triangle
ST- -----------= SR ,
SP SQ
S in common.
x= 180 54 = 126 (angle in straight

line)
g= 126 + 20 = 146 (exterior angle of
STR)
12 CDB = CBD (equal angles of isosceles
CDB)
EAB = CBD (corresponding angles,
AE || BD)
EBD = CDB (alternate angles, BE||CD)
and EBD = AEB (alternate angles,
AE || BD)
CBD = AEB
But CDB = CBD = EAB
AEB = EAB
ABE is an isosceles triangle (two equal
angles)
13 LMN = LNM (equal angles of isosceles

LMN)
KLN = LMN + LNM (exterior angle
of triangle)
= 2 LMN
KLP =
1--2
(2 KMN)
(LP bisects KLN)

KLP = LMN
LP || MN (corresponding angles are
equal)
14 Let B = A = x (equal angles of
isosceles ABC)
ACB = 180 2x (angle sum of ABC)
DCE = 180 2x (vertically opposite
angles)
D = E =
1
--2
[180 (180 2x)] (angle
sum of isosceles DCE)

D = E = x
B = D
AB || DE (alternate angles are equal)
15 YUX = UYX = UXY = 60 (angles in
equilateral UXY)
UXW = 120 (angles on a straight line)
XWU + WUX + 120 = 180 (angle
sum of WXU)
XUW = XWU = 30 (WXU is
isosceles)
WUY = XUW + YUX
= 30 + 60
= 90
16 WTP = P and YTQ = Q (alternate
angles, WY || PQ)
Angle sum PQT = P + PTQ + Q
= WTP + PTQ + YTQ (angles on a
straight line)
= 180
17 BAD + DAH + BAC + CAF = 180
(angles on a straight line)
But BAD = DAH (AD bisects HAB)
and BAC = CAF (AC bisects FAB)
2 BAD + 2 BAC = 180
BAD + BAC = 90
CAD = 90
Exercise 5-02
1 a
d
2 a
3 a
3240
b
3960
e
28 b 12 c
108
b
4 a 168
5
6
7
8
1440
c
5040
f
7
d 40 e
140
c
b 172
2340
1800
14 f 9
150
c 128 --4- d 174
a 18 b 24 c 8
a 60
b 30
a 6
b 24 c 45
24
d 45 e 12
c 12
d 8
e 15
Skillbank 5A
2 a
e
i
m
4 a
d
g
j
m
70%
75%
55%
90%
25%
60%
59%
70%
91%
b
f
j
n
66%
c 45%
75%
g 80%
35%
k 30%
45%
o 52%
b 68%
e 10%
h 70.2%
k 42.8%
n 78.25%
ANSWERS
d 88%
h 80%
l 80%
c
f
i
l
o
621
17%
33.3%
84%
5.5%
31.4%
Exercise 5-03
1 a
d
g
2 a
c
e
3 a
4 a
No
b Yes, SAS c No
Yes, SSS e No
f Yes, RHS
Yes, AAS h Yes, SAS i Yes, AAS
d = 31
b k = 25
y = 12, w = 25
d a = 33, p = 9
p = 109
f k = 11
AB = CB (given)
EB = DB (given)
ABE = CBD (vertically opposite
angles)
ABE CBD (SAS)
QW = PT (given)
TW is common.
QTW = PWT = 90 (given)
QTW PWT (RHS)
HCD = GEF (corresponding angles,
CH || EG)
HDC = GFE (corresponding angles,
DH || FG)
CH = EG (given)
CDH EFG (AAS)
UX = WX (given)
XY is common.
UXY = WXY (YX bisects UXW)
UXY WXY (SAS)
AB = CB (equal sides of a square)
AY = CX (given)
A = C = 90 (angles in a square)
ABY CBX (SAS)
LM = NP (given)
LP = NM (given)
PM is common.
LMP NPM (SSS)
OA = OC (equal radii of small circle)
OB = OD (equal radii of large circle)
AOB = COD (vertically opposite
angles)
AOB COD (SAS)
FH = FG (given)
F is common.
HNF = GMF = 90 (HN FG,
GM FH)
FHN FGM (AAS)
i PQ = PR (PQR is isosceles)
QA = RB (given)
Q = R (equal angles of an
isosceles triangle)
PQA PRB (SAS)
ii PA = PB (matching sides of
congruent triangles)
PAB is isosceles (two sides of the
triangle are equal)
i TP = XP (given)
AP = CP (given)
TPA = XPC (vertically opposite
angles)
TAP XCP (SAS)
ii T = X (matching angles of
TA || XC (alternate angles proved
equal)
i ADB = CBD (alternate angles,
AD || CB)
ABD = CDB (alternate angles,
AB ||| CD)
BD is common.
ABD CDB (AAS)
ii AD = CB and AB = CD (matching
sides of congruent triangles)
622
d i AD = AC (equal radii of circle,

centre A)
BD = BC (equal radii of circle,
centre B)
AB is common.
ADB ACB (SSS)
ii DAC = CAB (matching angles of
AB bisects DAC
e i HEF = GFE (given)
EH = FG (given)
EF is common.
HEF GFE (SAS)
ii EHF = FGE (matching angles of
f i OT = ON (equal radii)
OL = OM (equal radii)
LT = MN (given)
LOT MON (SSS)
ii LOT = MON (matching angles of
g i OC = OE (equal radii)
OD is common.
ODC = ODE = 90 (ODCE)
OCD OED (RHS)
ii CD = ED (matching sides of
OD bisects CE
h i AB = AD (given)
CB = CD (given)
AC is common.
ABC ADC (SSS)
ii BCA = DCA (matching angles
of congruent triangles)
iii Since BCA = BCY
and DCA = DCY,
BCY = DCY (BCA = DCA,
proved in ii)
CB = CD (given)
CY is common.
BCY DCY (SAS)
iv BY = DY (matching sides of
Exercise 5-04
1 a TX = TY (given)
XW = WY (given)
TW is common.
TXW TYW (SSS)
b X = Y (matching angles of congruent
triangles)
2 a PL = ML (equal sides of a rhombus)
PN = MN (equal sides of a rhombus)
NL is common.
LMN LPN (SSS)
b MN = ML (equal sides of a rhombus)
PN = LP (equal sides of a rhombus)
PM is common.
PMN PML (SSS)
c PNL = MNL and PLN = MLN
(matching angles of isosceles triangles
LMN and NPL)
LN bisects PNM and PLM.
Similarly, by considering matching
angles in PMN and MLP, PM bisects
NPL and NML.
Angles of a rhombus bisected by the
diagonals.
3 a ABD = CDB (alternate angles,

AB || CD)
ADB = CBD (alternate angles,
AD || CB)
BD is common.
ABD CDB (AAS)
b AB = CD (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
and AD = CB
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
equal.
4 a i AC = BC (equal sides of an
equilateral triangle)
AX = BX (given)
CX is common.
AXC BXC (SSS)
ii A = B (matching angles of
b i AB = CB (equal sides of an
equilateral triangle)
AY = CY (given)
BY is common.
AYB CYB (SSS)
ii A = C (matching angles of
c A = B = C
But A + B + C = 180
A = B = C = 60
5 a XWY = VYW (alternate angles,
WX || VY)
XYW = VWY (alternate angles,
WV || XY)
WY is common.
WXY YVW (AAS)
b WXV = YVX (alternate angles,
WX || VY)
WVX = YXV (alternate angles,
WV || XY)
XV is common.
VWX XYV (AAS)
c V = X (matching angles in congruent
triangles WXY and YVW)
W = Y (matching angles in congruent
triangles VWX and XYV)
Opposite angles of a parallelogram
are equal.
6 a XDE = XFG (alternate angles,
DE || FG)
XED = XGF (alternate angles,
DE || FG)
DE = FG (opposite sides of a
DEX FGX (AAS)
b DX = FX and EX = GX (matching sides
Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other (X is the midpoint of both
diagonals).
7 a XW = XY (given)
XTW = XTY = 90 (XTWY)
XT is common.
WXT XYT (RHS)
b WT = YT (matching sides of
8 a AB = AC (given)
AX is common.
BX = CX (AX bisects BC)
AXB AXC (SSS)
b AXB = AXC (matching angles of
c AXB + AXC = 180 (angles on a line)

AXB = AXC = 90
AX BC
9 a P = R (given)
TXP = TXR = 90 (TXPR)
TX is common.
PXT RXT (AAS)
b TP = TR (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
Sides opposite the equal angles are
equal.
10 a FC = FE (equal sides of a rhombus)
FB is common.
CFB = EFB (diagonals of a rhombus
bisect the angles)
CBF EBF (SAS)
b CB = EB (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
Diagonal CE is bisected at B.
c Prove FBC DBC (SAS)
FB = DB (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
Diagonal DF is bisected at B.
d i Matching angles of congruent
triangles CBF and EBF.
ii CBF = EBF
But CBF + EBF = 180 (angles
on a straight line)
CBF = EFB = 90
FB CE
and FD CE
e The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each
other at right angles.
11 a In LMN and LPN,
LM = LP (given)
NM = NP (given)
LN is common.
LMN LPN (SSS)
i LMN = LPN (matching angles
ii MLN = PLN and MNL = PNL
(matching angles of congruent
triangles)
MLP and MNP are bisected by
the diagonal LN.
b LM = LP (given)
LT is common.
MLT = PLT (LN bisects MLP
(proved in a)
LMT LPT (SAS)
MT = PT (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
Diagonal MP is bisected.
Also, LTM = LTP (matching angles
and LTM + LTP = 180 (angles on a
straight line)
LTM = LTP = 90
LT MP
and LN MP
Diagonal MP is bisected at right
angles by diagonal LN.
Exercise 5-05
1 a A = C and B = D
Now A + C + B + D = 360
(angle sum of a quadrilateral)
2A + 2B = 360 (C = A,
D = B)
A + B = 180
Note: A pair of co-interior angles have a

sum of 180
AD || BC
Also, from A + B + C + D = 360
2A + 2D = 360
(C = A, D = B)
A + D = 180
AB || DC (co-interior angles have a sum
of 180)
Opposite sides are parallel.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
Draw the diagonal PM.
In LMP and NPM,
LM = NP (given)
PM is common.
LMP = NPM (alternate angles,
LM || NP)
LMP NPM (SAS)
LPM = NMP (matching angles of
LP || NM (alternate angles proved equal)
LMNP is a parallelogram (opposite
sides are parallel).
In LMF and GMH,
LM = GM (given)
FM = HM (given)
LMF = GMH (vertically opposite
angles)
LMF GMH (SAS)
FLM = HGM (matching angles of
FL || GH (alternate angles proved
equal).
Similarly, FGM = HLM (matching
angles of congruent triangles FGM and
HLM)
FG || HL
Opposite sides are parallel
FGHL is a parallelogram.
Join the diagonal PR.
In PQR and RTP,
PQ = RT (given)
QR = TP (given)
PR is common.
PQR RTP (SSS)
QPR = TRP and QRP = TPR
(matching angles of congruent triangles)
PQ || TR and PT || QR (alternate angles
proved equal)
PQRT is a parallelogram.
However, since the sides of PQRT are
equal, PQRT is a rhombus.
FHC FHE DHE DHC (SAS)
FC = FE = DE = DC (matching sides of
Also, CFH = EDH and
CDH = EFH (matching angles of
CF || DE and CD || FE (alternate angles
equal)
CDEF is a rhombus (opposite sides
parallel and all sides equal).
Since WY = XV, and diagonals bisect
each other,
TW = TV = TY = TX
Then TWV TXY (SAS),
and TVY TWX (SAS)
VWT = XYT and TVY = TWX
(matching angles of congruent triangles)
2 a
WV || XY and VY || WX (alternate angles

equal)
WXYV is a parallelogram.
Also WXV YVX WVY WXY
(AAS)
W = X = Y = V (matching angles
Since the angle sum of WXYV = 360
W = X = Y = V = 90.
WXYV is a rectangle.
Since A + D = 180
and A + B = 180
AB || DC and AD || BC (co-interior
angles have a sum of 180)
ABCD is a parallelogram with right
angles
ABCD is a rectangle.
Since the sides are equal, TWNE is a
rhombus (proved in part d).
Since M = 90, TWME is a square (a
square is a rhombus with a right angle).
Since the angles of the quadrilateral are
right angles, GHKL is a rectangle
(proved in part g).
If GL = GH,
GL = GH = LK = KH (opposite sides of a
rectangle are equal)
GHKL is a square (all sides are equal,
all angles are 90).
The diagonals bisect each other at right
angles, so MNPT is a rhombus.
MN = NP = PT = MT
MNT NPT PTM MNP (SSS,
since TN = PM)
M = N = P = T = 90 (angle sum
of a quadrilateral and matching angles of
MNPT is a square.
i BX = DY (given)
B = D (opposite angles of a
parallelogram)
AB = CD (opposite sides of a
parallelogram)
ABX CDY (SAS)
ii AX = CY
XC = AY as BX = YD and BC = AD
(opposite sides of a parallelogram)
AXCY is a parallelogram as pairs
of opposite sides are equal
i AE = EB (given)
DAE = CEB (corresponding
angles, AD || EC)
AD = EC (sides of a rhombus)
DAE CEB (SAS)
ii ED = BC (matching sides in
congruent triangles above)
AE = DC and AE = EB
DC = EB
BCDE is a parallelogram because
opposite pairs of sides are equal
i AP = CR (given)
A = C (opposite angles of a
parallelogram)
AS = CQ (given)
APS CRQ (SAS)
PS = RQ
PB = RD (given AP = CR and
opposite sides of a parallelogram)
parallelogram)
ANSWERS
623
BQ = DS (given CQ = AS)
PBQ RDS (SAS)
PQ = RS
ii PQRS is a parallelogram because
pairs of opposite sides are equal
d AC and DB are the diagonals.
DO = BO (equal radii small circle)
AO = CO (equal radii large circle)
ABCD is a parallelogram because the
diagonals bisect each other.
e SQ and PR are the diagonals.
PO = RO (equal radii small circle)
SO = QO (equal radii large circle)
PR SQ (given)
PQRS is a rhombus because the
diagonals bisect each other at right
angles.
f Since WD = WE = GY = YF,
and DZ = ZG = FX = EX, WZ = WX = YX
= ZY (by Pythagoras theorem)
i WXYZ is a parallelogram (opposite
sides equal).
ii WXYZ is a rhombus (all
sides equal).
Skillbank 5B
b
7
-----25
3
-----10
7
-----50
3
-----50
17
-----20
8
-----25
49
--------100
14
-----25
9
-----10
18
-----25
13
-----20
1
--5
6
-----25
53
--------100
4 a
19
-----25
1
-----10
4
--5
9
-----20
22
-----25
14
-----25
3
--4
31
--------100
17
-----25
1
-----20
3
--5
27
-----50
3
-----50
49
--------100
41
-----50
Yes
Yes
16.2
10.5
5.625
b No
f Yes
c Yes
d Yes
b 6.6 or 6 2--3
d 10
1
f 5.0 9 or 5 ----11
3 a 18
d 7 --17
g 10.26
b 7.3
c 31.5
e 30
f 22.53
h 16.5
4 a A and C,
5
--8
b A and B, --5- . Also A and D, 1 --1- . Also B

8
and D, 2.4.
5 15.8
6 6.3
8 a T
b T
e F
f T
c T
g T
7 21.35 m
d T
h F
Exercise 5-07
3
--2
1 a RHS,
d SSS,
b AA
4
--5
g SAS
c SAS,
e SAS,
8
-----15
f AA
h SSS,
4
--5
i RHS,
3
--2
3
--5
2 a X is common.
XLM = XYW (corresponding angles)
XLM ||| XYW (AA)
b
AC
-------EC
10
------7.5
624
4
--3
AC
-------EC
8
--6
BC
--------DC
and DCE = BCA (vertically opposite)

ABC ||| EDC (SAS)
c P is common.
PLM = PTW = 90 (given)
PLM ||| PTW (AA)
d
KX
-------TX
GX
-------YX
=
=
KX
-------TX
7.5
------- = 0.416
18
12
---------- = 0.416
28.8
F is common.
EFG ||| HFE (AA)
b FH = 25 cm
4
--3
GX
-------YX
and K = T = 90
KGX ||| TYX (RHS)
e GMK = LHK (given)
K is common.
GMK ||| LHK (AA)
f Y is common.
WZY = ZXY = 90 (given)
WYZ ||| ZYX (AA)
3 a i K is common.
FGK = MHK (corresponding
angles)
GKF ||| HKM (AA)
7
Exercise 5-06
1 a
e
2 a
c
e
ii m = 6 6--- or 6.86
3
--4
2 a
BC
--------DC
b i F = C (alternate angles)
G = D (alternate angles)
CDE ||| FGE
ii k = 11.25
c i F = E (given)
FCB = ECD (vertically opposite
angles)
BCF ||| DCE (AA)
ii x = 7.5
d i A is common.
AXM = AYN = 90 (given)
AXM ||| AYN (AA)
ii AX = 12
e i T is common.
TFR = TPD = 90 (given)
TFR ||| TPD (AA)
ii TR = 14.4
f i E is common.
ECF = EBA (corresponding
angles, FC || AB)
EFC ||| EAB (AA)
ii AEB = FAD (alternate angles,
AD || BE)
parallelogram)
EAB || AFD (AA)
iii ECF = ADF (alternate angles,
AD || EC)
EFC = AFD (vertically opposite
angles)
EFC ||| AFD (AA)
iv AB = 14.4 cm
4 a T = 90 P (in PWT)
TWN = 180 [90 + (90 P)]
(angle sum of TWN)
= P
In PWN and WTN,
WPN = P = TWN (proved)
PNW = WNT = 90 (WNPT)
PWN ||| WTN (AA)
b WN = 6, WP = 2 13 , WT = 3 13
5 a FEG = EHF
Exercise 5-08
1 ABC = 180 (CAB + ACB)
(angle sum of ABC)
CBD = 180 ABC
(angle on a straight line)
CBD
= 180 [180 (CAB + ACB)]
= 180 180 + (CAB + ACB)
CBD = CAB + ACB
2 a XA = YA (equal radii of circle, centre A)
XB = YB (equal radii of circle, centre B)
AB is common.
AXB AYB (SSS)
XAC = YAC (matching angles of
b XA = YA (equal radii)
AC is common.
XAC = YAC (proved in part a)
XAC YAC (SAS)
c XC = YC (matching sides of
Also, XCA + YCA = 180 (angles on
a straight line)
and since XCA = YCA (matching
angles of congruent triangles)
XCA = YCA = 90
XY AB
3 a P is common.
PQR = PMN (corresponding angles,
QR || MN)
PQR ||| PMN (AA)
b
PR
-------PN
PQ
--------PM
(ratio of matching sides)
Since Q is the midpoint of PM.

PR
-------PN
PQ
--------PM
1
--2
PR = RN
4 a A is common
ADC = ACB = 90 (given)
ADC ||| ACB (AA)
AC
-------AB
AD
-------AC
(matching sides are in the
same ratio)
AC2 = AB AD
b B is common.
BDC = BCA = 90 (given)
BDC ||| BCA (AA)
BC
-------AB
6
7
8
DB
-------BC
(matching sides in the same
ratio)
BC2 = AB DB
c AC2 + BC2 = AB AD + AB DB
= AB (AD + DB)
= AB AB
= AB2
In DEG: DE2 = EG2 + DG2
DG2 = DE2 EG2
In DFG: DG2 = DF2 GF2
DE2 EG2 = DF2 GF2
DE2 + GF2 = DF2 + EG2
a no
b yes
c yes
a 53 cm
b 12 2 m
c 5 3 cm
d 96 m
a In AXB: AB2 = AX2 + BX2 (1)
AXD: AD2 = AX2 + DX2 (2)
1
--2
CXD: CD2 = CX2 + DX2 (3)

BXC: BC2 = BX2 + CX2 (4)
b Adding (1) and (3): AB2 + CD2
= AX2 + BX2 + CX2 + DX2
= (AX2 + DX2) + (BX2 + CX2)
= AD2 + BC2 (using (2) and (4))
AB2 + CD2 = BC2 + AD2
9 a Since 52 = 32 + 42,
D is a right angle.
In ABC and EDC:
B = D = 90
ACB = ECD (vertically opposite
angles)
ABC ||| EDC (AA)
b m = 16 2--- or 16.6
3
Power plus
1 Teacher to check proofs.
2 X and Y are midpoints of BC and AY.
Y
P
A
W
B
T
Medians AX and BY meet at P.
Draw CP to T, so that CP = PT.
Prove CYP ||| CAT (SAS)
YP || AT
PB || AT
Similarly, prove PA || BT
APBT is a parallelogram
W is the midpoint of AB (the diagonals
of a parallelogram bisect each other).
3
4
5
ADB = BAD = 30 (angle sum of

isosceles ABD)
ADC = ADB + BDC
= 30 + 60
= 90
AD CD
a Teacher to check b 72
a SAS
b AAS
c SAS
a No, the angle in the second triangle is
not included.
b Yes, RHS
c No, sides are not opposite the same
angle.
a i KM = PN (sides of a square)
MX = NX (sides of an equilateral
triangle)
KMX = PNX = 30 (angle of a
square and angle of an equilateral
triangle)
KMX PNX (SAS)
ii XK = XP (matching sides of
KPX is isosceles
(two equal sides)
b i DF = EG (given)
EF = DG (given)
DE is common.
DEF EDG (SSS)
ii DEG = EDF (matching angles
DEY is isosceles (two equal
angles)
iii DY = EY (equal sides of isosceles
DEY)
and DF = EG (given)
By subtraction: YF = YG
FGY is isosceles.
iv Let DYE = GYF = x (vertically
opposite angles)
EDY =
MTR =
1
--2
MTR =
1
--2
x
PTR
PTR = 2 MTR
b DBA = 120 (exterior angle of
equilateral BCD)
(180 x) (angle sum of
and GFY =
Chapter review
1 a BCE = 110 (corresponding angles,
BD || CE)
c = 110 (corresponding angles,
BC || DE)
b 4w = 114 + w (exterior angles of a
triangle)
w = 38
c 2y + 36 = 180 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
y = 72
2 a Let PTR = PRT = x (equal angles of
an isosceles PRT)
TRM = 180 x
(angles on a straight line)
MTR = RMT = [180 (180 x)] 2
(angle sum of isosceles MRT)
1
--2
isosceles DEY)
7 a
b
1
--2
(180 x) (angle
sum of isosceles FGY)

EDY = GFY
DE || GF (alternate angles proved
equal).
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are
equal.
BC = AD (opposite sides of a
BC = DX (given)
AD = DX
DAX = BCY (opposite angles in
parallelogram)
Since DAX, BCY are isosceles:
DXA = BYC (equal to DAX,
BCY)
DX = BY
DAX = BCY (AAS)
AX = CY (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
AB = CD (opposite sides of
parallelogram)
AB AX = CD CY
BX = DY
Also, BY = DX
BXDY is a parallelogram (opposite
sides are equal).
B
a 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 360 (angle sum of
quadrilateral)
+ + + = 180 (1)
b In ABD, + + 2 = 180
= 180 ( + + ) (2)
From (1): = 180 ( + + )
=
c Similarly, =
ABCD is a parallelogram (opposite
angles equal)
Also, ABC is isosceles ( = )
AB = BC
d ABCD is a rhombus (a parallelogram
with two adjacent sides equal).
9 a 12 6---
b 6
c 4.2
d 5.5
11 11 3---
10 10.6
12 In ACD and ABC:

AD
-------AC
3.2
------- = 0.4
8
AC
8
-------- = ------ = 0.4
AB
20
and
(matching
pairs of sides
in same ratio)
Also DAC = CAB (included angles

equal)
ACD ||| ABC (SAS)
13 a CDA = BAD = 90 (angles in a
square)
WAB = 90 and YDC = 90 (angles
on a straight line)
Let AWX = AWB = x
WYX = DYC = (90 x) (angle sum
of WYX)
YCD = x (angle sum of CYD)
In WBA and CYD:
WAB = YDC (proved above)
AWB = YCD (proved)
WBA ||| CYD (AA)
b
WA
--------CD
AB
-------DY
(matching pairs of sides in
similar triangles)
WA DY = AB CD
But AB = CD = AD (equal sides of a
square)
WA DY = AD AD
and AD2 = WA DY
14 a
X
K
J
JK 2 = JX 2 + KX 2
= ( 1--- JL)2 + ( 1--- KM)2
2
JK 2 =
1
--4
JL2 +
KM 2
JL2
1
--4
KM 2
= 4JK 2
ANSWERS
625
b Prove NMA = PQB (SAS)

Hence show AC = BC (ABC is
isosceles)
Prove NC = PC
NPC is isosceles.
Chapter 6
Start up
1 a
d
2 a
d
3 a
d
g
j
4 a
d
5 a
d
6 a
d
7 a
8 a
9 a
b
10 a
11 a
d
$100
b $3.75
c
$1425
e $100 000 f
$2.52
b $13.96
c
$8.91
e $215.63
f
0.07
b 0.11
c
0.085
e 0.105
f
0.045
h 0.0675
i
0.032
$60
b $189
c
$58.21
e $4.20
f
$73.5
b $4060.80 c
$4795.50 e $564.08
f
$837
b $1610
c
$538.13
e $35.52
f
8.3%
b 7.1%
c
1152 b 83.2
c 600
i 24
ii 60
iii
i 52
ii 156
iii
10
b 20
c 2
596.26
b 2388.10
c
357.99
$42
$0.38
$81.50
$0.31
0.2
0.02
0.1225
$119.10
$179.29
$963.20
$1027.04
$18 619
$2229.98
0.3%
d 0.06
120
260
d 4
3425.78
Exercise 6-01
1 a
d
2 a
d
3 a
d
g
4 a
d
g
5 a
d
6 a
d
f
$120
$8
$78.75
$156 000
$11 200
$7400
$618
$1.25
$0.85
$322.75
$106 600
$131.73
2 years
5 years
i $3150
b $1600
e $3645
b $3750
b
e
h
b
e
h
b
e
b
e
c $7500
f $60
c $117 000
$1575
c $22 800
$9690
f $9943.75
$70 000
$80
c $53.10
$1.15
f $4.40
$2.05
$429
c $25.70
$640.15
f $3856.44
39 weeks c 137 days
4.5% p.a.
ii 13.125% p.a.
g 11 years 156 days h 2 --1- years

2
i 1.9% p.a.
j 9.75% p.a.
Skillbank 6A
2 a
d
g
j
m
4 a
d
g
j
m
0.75
0.07
0.4
0.15
0.725
0.61
0.9
0.87
0.1825
0.007
b
e
h
k
n
b
e
h
k
n
0.7
0.45
0.85
0.648
0.54
0.04
0.085
0.124
0.2
0.0628
c
f
i
l
o
c
f
i
l
o
0.6
0.98
0.264
0.44
0.262
0.29
0.271
0.05
0.401
0.3005
Exercise 6-02
1 a $84
d $1373.88
2 a $270
b $1284
e $173.88
b $282.15
626
c $89.88
d
3 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
4 a
d
$294.84
e $6846.99 f $846.99
i $563.08
ii $63.08
i $2823.33
ii $123.33
i $3846.79
ii $446.79
i $32 756.04
ii $4756.04
i $7956.75
ii $456.75
i $861.13
ii $21.13
i $255 256.31 ii $55 256.31
i $20 528.77
ii $2278.77
i $41 787.70
ii $3337.70
i $11 099.89
ii $2199.89
$47.29
b $223.73
c $90.83
$1314.50 e $1939.39 f $199.78
Exercise 6-03
1 a
c
e
g
i
2 a
d
g
j
3 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
4 a
d
$7919.61
b $12 298.73
$13 433.47
d $1592.04
$4032.59
f $19 233.59
$30 387.65
h $5418.33
$68 135.35
j $185 196.18
$42.31
b $275.56
c $1337.90
$2039.04 e $4311.43 f $10 324.28
$100 902.80 h $25 625.00 i $25 464.10
$217 461.14
$849.27, $49.27
$13 488.50, $3488.50
$52 751.13, $17 251.13
$53 366.91, $11 366.91
$19 473.43, $2973.43
$21 832.76, $9832.76
$4448.55, $948.55
$1901.76, $101.76
$2910.80 b $2934.30 c $2946.20
$2954.20 e $2957.30
Exercise 6-04
1 a
d
2 a
d
g
$2148.79
$935.92
$307.60
$104.09
$480.45
b
e
b
e
h
$9586.40
$1616.28
$18.12
$8922.06
$777.97
c
f
c
f
$3411.52
$12 750.40
$5597.21
$7155.04
$88
$60
$140
45
b
e
h
k
$800
$24 000
48
$22 500
c
f
i
l
900
$800
$550 000
$75, $66
Exercise 6-05
1 $1589.25
2 $17 977.64
3 a i $8215.83
ii 60.0%
b i $4416.17
ii 52.2%
c i $16 120
ii 58.6%
d i $470.21
ii 45.2%
e i $403.03
ii 46.3%
4 a i 90%
ii 72.9%
iii 53.1%
iv 47.8%
b 67 years
5 a i $7120 ii $5696
iii $2916.35
b 32.77%
6 a $11 984.47
b $10 666.18
c $8448.68
7 a i $10 540
ii $8959
iii $6472.88
b 89 years
c 23.2%
8 Yes, since the depreciated value is 0.48 (or
48%) of the original value.
c $6552.15
1 $731
2 $409
3 $78
4 $125
5 $162.70
6 a i $299.80
ii $1199.20
iii $139.11
iv $1338.31
v $55.76
b i $119.25
ii $675.75
iii $54.06
iv $729.81
v $28.07
c i $247.50
ii $1402.50
iii $589.05
iv $1991.55
v $41.49
d i $1281
ii $2989
iii $807.03
iv $3796.03
v $105.45
e i $64
ii $576
iii $69.12
iv $645.12
v $12.41
7 a $217.50
b $1232.50 c $295.80
d $1528.30 e $63.68
f $1745.80
8 a $1100 b $1440 c $340 d 30.9%
9 a $2080
b $8320
c $13 200
d $4880
e 14.7%
10 a $990
b $190
c 23.75% p.a.
11 a $2599
b $3576
c $677
d 10.4% p.a.
12 $140.45
Exercise 6-07
1
2
3
4
a
a
a
a
b
c
d
e
5 a
d
$22 080
$9120
$33 280
i $209.60
i $322.20
i $1096
i $580.31
i $40.96
$33.20
$3540
b $9580
c
b $3120
c
b $8280
c
ii $12 576 iii
ii $38 664 iii
ii $263 040 iii
ii $6963.72iii
ii $983.04 iii
b $29 100
c
19.2%
26%
6.6%
$4576
$20 664
$183 040
$713.72
$183.04
$68 400
Exercise 6-08
Skillbank 6B
2 a
d
g
j
Exercise 6-06
1 a
b
c
2 a
b
d
3 a
c
e
g
4 a
c
d
e
Teacher to check.
$2000 + $1800 + $1580 = $5380
$6000
d $620
i $14 700
ii $14 376
$2376
c $2400
$24
0.005
b $1500
$297 500
d $1487.50
$294 987.50
f $2987.50
$3000
$0.01
b $3940
i $39.40
ii $3879.40
i $38.79
ii $3818.19
$118.19
f $120
g $1.81
Exercise 6-09
1 a
c
d
e
f
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
$10 000
b $6485.13
i $729.75
ii $47.58
i 16.99% p.a.
ii 16.99% p.a.
July 8, 2004
The rst $34.90 is a purchase charge, the
second $34.90 is a credit (or refund)
i $896.60
ii $44.83
i $926
ii $46.30
i $320.60
ii $16.03
i $708
ii $35.40
i $1649
ii $82.45
i $250
ii $12.50
g
h
3 a
d
g
i $3738
ii $186.90
i $711.50
ii $35.58
$10
b $2.57
c $81.25
$8.06
e $0.43
f $10.85
$56.85
h $22.25
b x6
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
c x 3 1--4
Power plus
1 4 years, 61 days
2 $4444.44
3 a $5415.71, $415.71
b $12 838.71, $2838.71
4 $63 367.49 5 $5839.78 6 3 970 000
7 a 17.67 years
b 17.67 years
c No (when compounded annually it
doesnt double till the end of the 18th
year)
Chapter 6 review
1 $1440
2 a $45
b $208.33
c $495.19
d $67.59
3 0.625% p.a.
4 1.85 years
5 a $2249.73
b $9274.19
6 a $215.87
b $2063.29
7 a $2497.04
b $391.04
8 $16 638.94 9 65.61%
10 $440
11 a i $320
ii $88.80
b i $176
ii $48.84
12 23.8%
13 a $2600 b $3200 c $400 d 9.23%
14 a $15 120
b $5120
c 10.2%
15 a $8.04
b $36.50
Mixed Revision 2
b 1 --3-
1 a 8
e
1 2--3
39
- d=
c y = 1 ----41
3
4
5
7
3
--4
, 2
-------41
1
--3
5
-------------------2
f 1, 2 1---
,5
4
--5
i 2, 6
1 21
-------------------5
17
----------------------4
3 3
----------------3
9 a x = 4, y = 16 and x = 1, y = 1
b x=2+
10 , y = 10 + 2 10 ;
and x = 2
10 2 +
2 , 2
10 , y = 10 2 10
2 11 r =
R2 A
-------------------
12 a 1.9 or 1.4
b 0.4, 2.6
13 a 4w2 5w 1071 = 0
b 17 m 63 m
14 a x = 1, y = 4
b x = 2, y = 1
c x = 2--- , y = 3
3
24 10.6
25 165
26 a LPM = NMP, PLN = MNL
b Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal
c AAS
d Matching sides of congruent triangles
LPT and MTN
e Rectangle, bisect
27 a PT = RQ (given)
RT = PQ (given)
PR is common.
PRT RPQ (SSS)
b PRT = RPQ (matching angles of
TR || QP (alternate angles proved equal
in part b)
c PQRT is a parallelogam because it has
one pair of opposite sides equal and
parallel.
28 CO = DO (equal radii of circle)
CEO = DFO (CEAB, DFAB)
COE = DOF (vertically opposite
angles)
CEO DFO (AAS)
29 a P is common.
PTW = PRQ (corresponding angles,
TW || RQ)
PWT ||| PQR (AA)
b
15 a x 1
Chapter 7
Start up
1 a i (3, 2)
ii
iii (1, 6)
iv
b i 6 units
ii
iii 6 units
c 4.5 units, isosceles
d (2, 2)
e
f i
2 a
1
--3
(6, 1)
(5, 4)
2 units
(6, 6)
ii --23
b 6
36
h --1- ,
g 7, 1
8 a
23 a 12 6---
d 2 --1-
20 mL
a x = 4.5
b m = 2.2 c a = 6.6
87, 88, 89
6 $35
a 0, 3
b no solutions c 1, 3
d
b k = 3, h = 2
2 a m = 2, n = 1
16 x = 2, x = 3
b ii x = 4, y = 2
17 a ii x = 3, y = 3
18 a x = 1, y = 2
b x = 1, y = 5
c x = 1, y = 6
19 a m = 35
b d = 25
c w = 30
20 a w = 64 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
b m = 42 (opposite angles of a
parallelogram, angles on a straight line)
c x = 48 (angles at centre is 90 since the
shape is a rhombus, angle sum of a
triangle)
d h = 23 (the shape is a rectangle, angle
sum of right-angled triangle)
e a = 108 (equal angles of an isosceles
triangle, angles on a straight line)
f y = 52 (angle sum of an isosceles
triangle)
21 160
22 a CDW = ABW (alternate angles,
CD || AB)
DWC = BWA (vertically opposite
angles)
CDW ||| ABW (AA)
22
31 a No
b Yes, SAS c No
32 a $1400 b $264 c $1.56 d $7.54
33 a $7941.60 b $903.86
c $21 216
d $6080
e $2060
34 a i $20 400
ii $17 340
iii $14 739
b 61.4%
35 a $15 900
b $3900
c 6.5% p.a.
36 D
37 B
38 45 months
39 $232.33
40 $10.12
41 a $8.70
b $878.70
42 $68
43 a $373.50
b $2116.50 c $465.63
d $2582.13 e $107.59
f $2955.66
b 4 5--- 4.7
c 9
5
1 1--2
5
b 10 -----
30 a m = 12.375
TW
--------RQ
PT
-------PR
(matching sides of similar
triangles)
But T is the midpoint of PR.
PT
1
-------- = --PR
TW
--------RQ
1
--2
TW =
1
--2
RQ
3 a N
4 a 2
c P
c 1
d P
d 5
b X
b 8
e N f X
e 64 f 64
5 a 2--- = 1---
b 2--- = 1---
6 y=4
8 a x=7
7 x = 2
b y = 3
c (7, 3)
c 8.25
Exercise 7-01
ii
26
iii
1
--5
ii
41
iii
5
--4
c i (2 1--- , 3 1--- )
ii
34
iii 3---
d i (2 1--- , 2 1--- )
ii
50
iii
e i ( 1--- , 7)
ii
29
iii 2---
ii
85
iii --2-
ii
iii 1
1 a i (3 1--- , 1 1--- )
2
1
--2
b i (8,
f i
(2 --12
g i
(1 1--2
, 1)
,
6 1--2
ANSWERS
627
1
--7
5
9
h i (4, 3)
ii
20
iii 2
3 a 6---
ii
272
iii 4
4 a 1---
4
--5
-----c 20
17
d 1---
e --b-
n
--3
10
g -----
h m
i (1, 2)
2 a AB =
20 ; scalene
5 , XV =
c PQ = 26 , QR =
scalene
52 ;
5 a Yes
c PT =
d MN = 5, NT =
20 , MT = 5; isosceles
e AF = 13, FL =
208 , AL = 13; isosceles
f DX = 10, XP =
80 , DP = 10; isosceles
3 a AB =
41 , BC =
40 , CD =
41 , AD
= 40
b 25.5 units
c mAB =
4
--5
b Yes
4
--5
8
--3
LP =
136 , MN =
73
2
-----11
Exercise 7-04
y
136 ,
3
--5
, mNP = --5- , mLP =

3
3
--5
WX = 32 , XY = 72 , WY = 104
i 104
ii 104
They are the same.
A right-angled triangle (using
Pythagoras theorem)
6 a The length of each side is 40 units.
b DF = EG = 80
c A square, because all sides are equal and
the diagonals are also equal
, mJK =
7
--3
, mKL =
3
--7
, mHL =
2x = 4y 8
x
0
4
10
2x 5y 20 = 0
y
4
x
k
3x 2y = 12
6
4
4x + 2y 8 = 0
e
y
0
2.5
0
Exercise 7-03
1 a 1---
10
-----3
= 3 1---
d --2-
20
-----7
= 2 --6-
c N
d L
628
yx=6
y = 2x + 10
n = 8m 6
z=r+9
w = 9t 9
1 a No b No c Yes d Yes e Yes

f Yes g No h No i Yes j Yes
2 b (2, 2)
3 They intersect at one point because (1, 2)
lies on each of the three lines.
b N
2
3x y = 6
Exercise 7-02
y
6
Skillbank 7A
b
d
f
h
5x + 3y 15 = 0
7
--3
c HK = 200 , JL = 32
d A rhombus, because all sides are equal
and the diagonals are not equal
y = 3x + 4
b = 5a 2
p = 10k 3
h = 4 2d
58 units.
7 a The length of each side is
2 a L
5 a
b
c
d
c LN = 170 = MP
d A rectangle, because opposite sides are
equal and diagonals are equal
e 68 units2
2 a
c
e
g
2 0
34
3
--7
y = 4 + 2x
y = 4 2x
b mLM = --5- , mMN =
b mHJ =
e A parallelogram
, mAD = 1---
34 , NP =
d A parallelogram, because opposite sides

are equal
4 a LM =
6 x = 2y
c A parallelogram
73 , QR =
1 a
, mBC = 1---, mCD =
b mPT = mQR = 8---
2
-----11
d No, because
5
--6
k
21
6 a mPQ = mRT =
50 , PR = 116 ;
17 , BC = 1, AC =
b XW = 41 , WV =
scalene
b 6---
7
--5
2x + 2y = 5
2.5
= 1 2--5
e N
f P
x
x 4y 2 = 0
0.5
Exercise 7-05
1 a m = 6, b = 5
c m = --1- , b = 9
2
e m=
2--3
,b=2
5
--4
x
--3
e y=
5x
-----2
g y=
3x
-----10
+8
+7
2
--3
, b = 2, y =
x
--2
c y=
3
--4
+4
2 2
4 2
2
4-----x3
i m = --5- , b =
4
1
--2
ii
d i m = 1--- , b = 1
+2
ii
2
1
0 2
4 2
2
2
1 a i m = 1, b = 4
ii
4
4
0
6 4 2
2
2 5
4
4
6
y
y=x4
e i m = --2- , b = 7
3
ii
4 1
6
Exercise 7-07
2 6
1 a
c
e
g
i
k
m
o
q
s
2 a
b
c
4
2
8
b i m = 2, b = 5
y
0
6 3
8 2
Exercise 7-06
4 2
2
2
2
2x
- 2
f y = -----
ii
d y = x 4
e y = --x- 5
+2
d y=
h i m = --3- , b = 4
ii
+4
2 4
4
5 a C
b B
c B
d C, D
e D
6 a B, C
b A
c B, D
d C, D
7 a y = 5x + 6
b y = 4x 1
--x2
c i m = 2, b = 3
b y = --x- + 3
2
2
x
--2
3 xc y = ----2
4x
-----3
2x
-----3
+2
f y=
d m = 1, b = 5, y = x 5
4 a y=
, b = 4, y =
c m=
x+4
-----------5
2x
- +5
b m = --2- , b = 5, y = ----1
--2
d y=
j m = 4x +
6
4
4 2
2
h y = 4x + 2
i y = 5-----x- + 1
3 a m=
b y = 5x 2
ii
4 1
j m = --3- , b = --1-
2 a y = 3x + 7
c y=
1--2
h m = 4, b = 3
, b = 2 --1-
y = 2x + 5
,b=6
f m = 2, b =
g m = 2, b = 7
i m=
5
--4
d m=
g i m = 2, b = 4
ii
b m = 3, b = 8
4 2
f i m = 6, b = 1
ii
y
8
6
d y=
4 2
3x
-----2
+ 2, m = 3--- , b = 2
2
e y = 4x 5, m = 4, b = 5
f y = 2x 6, m = 2, b = 6
2
0
x+y2=0
b 3x y + 2 = 0
5x y + 8 = 0
d x 2y + 3 = 0
x 5y + 1 = 0
f x 2y 6 = 0
8x y + 2 = 0
h 6x y 3 = 0
x + y 10 = 0
j 2x y + 4 = 0
8x 2y 1 = 0
l x 2y 6 = 0
3x 5y + 10 = 0 n x + 2y + 10 = 0
15x 3y 2 = 0 p 3x 24y 8 = 0
4x 3y 2 = 0
r 4x 3y + 15 = 0
3x 2y 12 = 0 t 2x + 5y + 3 = 0
y = 2x 5, m = 2, b = 5
y = x 6, m = 1, b = 6
y = 2x + 1, m = 2, b = 1
1
2
g y = 4-----x- + 4, m = 4--- , b = 4
3
h y=
3x
-----2
7--- , m = 3--- , b = 7--- (or 3 1--- )

2
ANSWERS
629
7 a
c
e
8 a
i y = --x- 2, m = 1--- , b = 2
2
j y=
x
--3
+ 4, m = 1--- , b = 4
k y=
x
-----10
7
------,
10
9
--- ,
2
l y = 2x
m=
1
------ ,
10
b=
m = 2, b =
7
-----10
iii 2x + y 7 = 0 iv A(0, 7), B(3 1--- , 0)

2
9--2
b Area AOB = 12.25 units2

Area RQB = 14.25 units2
Area RQB Area AOB = 2 units2
Exercise 7-08
1 a 2x y + 1 = 0
c 4x y 20 = 0
e 2x 3y 4 = 0
g 3x + y 4 = 0
i 3x 4y + 10 = 0
2 i and ii
b
d
f
h
j
x+y+2=0
x 2y 10 = 0
x + 5y + 38 = 0
4x + y + 1 = 0
2x + y + 10 = 0
xy5=0
a
x + 3y + 3 = 0
0
x
P
87.5
40
$270
$8.26
42.6
Exercise 7-09
6 a i m = 4--3
b x + 2y 11 = 0
d 4x 2y 25 = 0
b x + 3y 4 = 0
d 2x + y 8 = 0
3x 4y + 22 = 0
x + 2y 16 = 0
3x + y 11 = 0
A(10, 0)
B(0, 12.5)
iii 3x 4y + 6 = 0
b i m=
--37
ii (1, 2)
iii 7x 3y 1 = 0
c i m = 2
ii (2, 1)
iii x 2y + 4 = 0
d i m = 1--3
ii (2, 3)
iii 3x y + 3 = 0
e i m = 1--2
iii 2x y 7 = 0
f i m = 1--8
iii 8x y 15 = 0
630
1 a i
ii
iii
b i
ii
iii
c i
ii
5x + 2y 18 = 0
3x 4y 16 = 0
(0, 9) iv (0, 4)
x 5y + 20 = 0
x + 2y + 6 = 0
(0, 4) iv (0, 3)
3x y 46 = 0
7x + 15y + 66 = 0
iii (15 --1-, 0)

v
-----123 17
21
v 26 units2
ii (2, 1)
Midpoint of CE = 1 1---, 2 1---

2
d Parallelogram, opposite sides are

parallel and equal
7 a AC = BD = 104 units
b Midpoint of AC = (1, 2), midpoint of BD
= (1, 2)
c mAC = 5, mBD = --1- , AC BD
d The diagonals are equal and bisect each
other at right angles.
8 Midpoint of KM = Midpoint of LN
= 2 1---,
1
--2 2
mKM mLN = 1 1 = 1
9 Teacher to check.
units2
2 a 5x 2y 25 = 0
b 5x + 7y 25 = 0
d t = 10 --25
3 a DE = EF = FG = DG = 5 units
b For DE and GF, m = 0
For DG and EF, m = 4--3
2 = 1 it is true that DF EG
4 a 6 5 units b 6 5 units c (1, 1)

d (1, 1)
e No, since mPR mQS 1
f Rectangle, diagonals are equal and
bisect each other but not at right angles
--1-, --1-
2 2
c mCE =
= 29 units
JKLM is a parallelogram because
opposite sides are parallel.
11 Teacher to check. 12 Trapezium
37 units
TW = SX = 2 37 units
XS ST because mXS = 1--- , mST = 6
6
STWX is a rectangle because opposite
sides are equal and angles are right angles.
14 a Midpoint of TU = A(4, 1)
Midpoint of UV = B(0, 3)
Midpoint of SV = C(5, 1)
Midpoint of ST = D(1, 5)
b Gradient of AB = 1 = gradient of CD
Gradient of AD = --4- = gradient of BC
5
AC = 9 units, BD = 65 units
ABCD is a parallelogram.
15 a X(3, --1- ) Y(1 --1- , 3 --1-)
2
d Midpoint of DF = (0, 0)
Midpoint of EG = (0, 0)
The diagonals bisect each other because
their midpoints are the same.
e Opposite sides are equal and parallel,
adjacent sides are equal, diagonals
bisect each other at right angles
XY || CB
c XY =
1
--2
117 , CB =
117
CB || 2.XY
1
--3
16 a i mLM =
ii mLN =
1
--3
iii mMN =
b L, M and N are collinear points.
Exercise 7-11
1 a C
2 a B
3 a
b A
b A
c B
c C
d C
d D
130 units, DF = 130 units

and
11
------ ,
3
--1-, --1-
2 2
3
mPR = -----
11
CE DF because
b mXY = 2--- , mCB = 2---
Diagonal EG, m = 2
Since
40 units, KL = JM
c Diagonal DF, m = --1 1--2
13 ST = WX =
v 35 units2
iv (9 --3-, 0)
5 a CE =
ii (3, 1)
c Midpoint of BD = 1 1---, 2 1--- ,
b JK = LM =
ii (6, 6)
65 units
b mBC = 5--- , mCD = 4--- , mDE = 5--- , mBE = 4---
$490
$255
8.8c (9c)
64
d $1.35
h 6.6
l 42.9
Exercise 7-10
c 5
b
d
b
b
d
61 units,
CD = BE =
k: x + 2y 7 = 0, l: 3x y + 7 = 0
4x + y 20 = 0
c 5x 7y 30 = 0
2x 3y + 18 = 0 e 3x + 5y 30 = 0
xy4=0
b 4x 5y + 18 = 0
5x 6y + 23 = 0 d 8x + 3y 10 = 0
3x + 2y 6 = 0
f 5x 3y 1 = 0
6x + 11y + 38 = 0 h 13x 10y + 24 = 0
x+y3=0
f 4x 3y 11 = 0
2x y + 4 = 0
3x + y 13 = 0
5x + 4y + 37 = 0
2x + y + 2 = 0
2x 3y 19 = 0
2x + 9y 8 = 0
x+y9=0
2x + y 11 = 0
x 3y + 3 = 0
4x + 5y 40 = 0
5x 4y 50 = 0
6 a BC = DE =
10 a mJK = --1- , mLM = --1- , mKL = --5- , mJM = --5-
1 a
c
e
2 a
c
e
3 a
c
4 a
5 a
c
2 a 19
b $7.50
c
d $20.20
e $3.76
f
g $0.93
h 89.6
i
j 9.7c (10c) k $152.76
l
m 31.54
n $1.01
o
p $2431.76
4 a 10
b 124
c
d $1.72
e 160.4
f
g 79.4
h $0.76
i
j $1.45
k $768
l
6 a 100
b $0.60 c 2.5
e $1.84 f $4.23 g 4c
i $0.48 j $6.95 k $0.40
(3, 2)
b
3 a
b
d
4 a
c
e
g
i
d Square, diagonals are equal and bisect

each other at right angles
Skillbank 7B
4x + y 10 = 0
x 5y 13 = 0
x 4y + 10 = 0
b x + 2y + 4 = 0
x 4y 2 = 0
d xy+1=0
(6, 1)
i x 2y + 4 = 0 ii ( 4, 0)
11
-----3
3
----11
= 1
e D
e C
1
--3
y = 3x 4
y
1
x
(1, 1)
2
x
xy=6
0
y
4 a
y = 2x
y
0
4
x = 2y 4
y=7x
7
0
x
0
12 = x 2y
12
6
f
4 x
1 0
y=1x
5 a i y x and y
x
--2
ii y x and y
x
--2
b i y = 1--- x 1
ii y --x- 1 and y < 2
y = 4x + 2
d i y=
(1, 6)
1
0
iii y
y=2x
13 2 x
------------------7
ii p: x = 3, q: x = 4
13 2 x
------------------7
and x 4 and x 3 and
y0
iv 14 units2
2
x
c i y = 3 3x
ii y = x + 3
iii A: y > x + 3 and y 3 3x
B: y < x + 3 and y 3 3x
C: y < x + 3 and y 3 3x
D: y > x + 3 and y 3 3x
Exercise 7-12
1 a
2
0
ANSWERS
631
10
2
4 2
2 a
15 8
8 15
8 6 4 2
2
1
--2
1
--4
1
--8
8
6
16
Area =
4 2
6 a
4
-----11
2
--3
1 1--3-
1 a (4, 2)
2 a T(1, 6)
4 2
3 a
c mTZ =
2
--3
4
-----11
e Length of AC =
4 2
2
Power plus
2 a y=
2
4 2
2
4 a
3--2
b 3x + 2y + 2 = 0 or y =
ii m = 3
d i m=2
ii m = --1-
1--4
3
--2
ii m = 4
f i m=
1
Point of intersection is
1
--8
1
--4
1
--2
ii m = 2--3
--2-, --5-
3 3
xy=4
0
y
x + 2y = 16
6 a
632
1
--2
ii m = 1---
e i m=
3-----x2
ii m =
1--3
5 B(2, 1)
6 x + 5y + 9 = 0, x y 1 = 0, 2x + y + 3 = 0.
4 a
x2
b C(9, 4), 4 is the y-coordinate

3 a k=5
b k = 2
2
--3
2
--3
208 units
b i m=3
c i m=
1 D(3, 5)
d mAC =
5 a i m = 2
8
6
68 units
c m=4
b Z(5, 10)
f Length of TZ = 52 units
AC || TZ and AC = 2.TZ
3 a No
b Yes
c No
d Yes
e Yes
f No
4 a Neither
b Parallel
c Perpendicular
d Parallel
e Neither
f Parallel
x=4
= 2 52 units
y = x2_ 3
2
--3
1 1--3-
4
0
+ 5)
10
------ (15
2
Chapter 7 review
10
= 5 20
= 100 units2
14
12
x = 6
x_
2
y=6
x
5 a
4 2
2
y = x2
16
c m = 3--- , b = 3
y
3
3x 2y = 6
8
6
0
3x + 4y 12 = 0
y
2
6 4 2
2
5x 2y = 40
32 4
4
0
10 m = 2--- , b = 5
5
20
22 a
c m=
1
--- ,
3
b = 4
e m = 5--- , b =
2
b m = 6, b = 10
b = 2
f m = 2, b = 5
d m=
1
--2
2
--- ,
3
b y = --x- + 5
8 a y = 2x 4
6 4 2
9 a m = 3, b = 5
y = 5 3x
y
4
3
12 a y =
2x
-----5
b y=
3x
-----5
c y
2
1
4 3 2 1
1
2
3
4
b m = --1- , b = 3
2
y=
y
4
x_
2
+3
2 4
2
--5
x+y=3
,b=2
,m=
3
--5
,m=
9--2
,b=
6
--5
,b=6
34 units,
PN = PL =
34 units,
3
--5
y = 2x + 3
b 5x 4y + 4 = 0
d 3x 2y 36 = 0
f x 6y 12 = 0
19 PN = LM =
mPN =
, mPL = 5--- , PN PL
3
LMNP is a square because all sides are

equal and PN PL.
20 A only
y 2x 3y = 7
3.5 x
0
2 13_
Chapter 8
Start up
1 a
b
2 a
3 a
i 17.6
i 65
37.2 m
2946
ii
ii
b
b
5.0
iii 70.5
70
iii 28
164.5 cm c 270.3 mm
557
c 3453
9x
-+6
= -------2
y = 25_x + 5
+ 2, m =
6
--5
1.5
13 a 3x y 10 = 0
b 2x 3y + 26 = 0
c x + 5y + 33 = 0
d x 4y 10 = 0
14 a 3x 5y 20 = 0 b x + y + 3 = 0
c 2x 5y 16 = 0 d 8x 5y + 22 = 0
15 a 4x y 19 = 0
b 3x 2y 18 = 0
c x 2y 10 = 0
d 5x 2y 26 = 0
16 8x + 3y 95 = 0 17 5x 4y + 4 = 0
18 a x + y 6 = 0
b Q(0, 6)
c 5x 8y 30 = 0 d P(0, 3.75)
e 29.25 units2
21 a
3 2 1
1
11 a 3x + y 9 = 0
c 2x + 7y 3 = 0
e x + 4y 10 = 0
8
7 a m = 3, b = 5
Exercise 8-01
0
x
0
1 a 64.7 cm
b 14.2 cm
d 18.5 cm
e 5.1 cm
g 48.8 cm
h 59 cm
2 a 39
b 56
3 a 5257
b 6437
4 a 73
b 5.7 m
5 10
6 65 m
7 60
9 a 11.6 m
b 11.2 m
ANSWERS
c
f
i
c
c
633
54.5 cm
17.4 cm
17.5 cm
43
451
8 3.60 m
10 33.64 m 11 11 m
12 79
13 480 m
14 48 m
15 a 052
b 206
c 300
d 125
e 238
f 338
16 a 68 km
b 015
17 a 58 km
b 301
18 2757 km
19 367 km
20 a 14.1 m
b 53.0 m
21 389 m
b 16
c 87.45
e 5143
f 7222
b 0.75
c cos =
5
-----13
, cos =
d sin F =
40
-----41
, sin E =
9
-----41
e cos Y =
5
------3
, sin Y =
2
--3
f cos =
5
------4
, sin =
11
---------- ,
4
3 a 0
12
-----13
, cos F =
9
-----41
, sin X =
= 4--- , tan
sin
-----------cos
tan
5
-----5 13
------ ,
12 12
-----13
cos
=
3
--3 5
--- ,
4 4
--5
51
----------------,
2 3
tan
51
----------------- ,
5+1
51
----------------5+1
12
------ ,
13
5
-----12
cos
so
sin
-----------cos
5+1
----------------- ,
2 3
= tan
60
-----91
b tan Y = 1.3 c tan X =
d tan P =
9
-----40
e tan Q =
40
---------3
6 a sin X =
11
-----61
b cos X =
7
-----25
c sin X =
2
--3
2
--3
1
------3
7 2
8 a 45
b 30
c 30
9 a 8
b 12
c 3 2
10 35 3 m
11 Teacher to check.
Exercise 8-03
1 a P b P c N d N e
2 a 10 b 70 c 50 d 83 e
3 a 0.89 b 0.95
c 1.17
e 0.19 f 0.26
g 0.05
i 0.43
b tan 59.5 c
4 a cos 38
d tan 22
e cos 27.3 f
g sin 85
h tan 9.2
i
j tan 3950 k sin 4.5
l
5 a
1
--2
b 1
634
1
------2
d 1--2
h 3
i 0
1
j -----2
1 a 18.4
b
2 a a = 20.51 b
d d = 4.10
e
3 a 27
b
4 a 44.5
b
d 67.3
e
5 a 1497
b
d 13533
e
6 a k = 6.0 cm
c p = 8.3 m
7 a 46 or 134
c 55 or 125
e 51
8 a 75 or 21 b
9 79 m
11 a 113
12 a 110
13 235 or 205
14 d 124.7 m
15 b 595 m
21.1
c 105.0
b = 11.91 c c = 12.58
e = 30.85 f f = 3.55
37
c 54
46.6
c 32.0
18.8
f 31.8
129
c 1428
12929
f 16213
b w = 29.2 m
b 39
d 44 or 136
41
c 84
10 10631
b 1042 cm
b 131.6 m
Skillbank 8
5 a tan A =
d cos X =
3
--4
= tan
c sin
5+1
----------------2 3
11
---------4
= tan
5
------ ,
13
51
---------------2 3
sin
-----------cos
cos
Exercise 8-04
5
------3
c 1
= 3--- , cos
b sin
so
, sin =
b 1
4 a sin
so
12
-----13
g ------3-
6 a 123 b 143 c 110 d 130 e 173

f 135 g 100 h 155 i 114 j 147
k 105 l 118
7 a 3451, 1459
b 483, 13157
c 2034, 15926 d 612, 17348
e 272, 15258
f 649, 11551
8 a 538
b 12652
c 1642
d 16318
e 538, 12652
f 2523, 15437
g 13639
h 13628
i 613, 11857
j 6918
k 4149, 13811 l 1438
9 a 30.5
b 23.1
c 44.3
d 11.5
e 0.6
f 69.6
10 Teacher to check. 11 Teacher to check.
Exercise 8-02
1 a 43
d 34.8
2 a 0.6
3
------2
P f N
65 f 12
d 0.11
h 0.60
sin 7925
cos 5935
cos 45
sin 75
e 0
The following are the exact answers. Check

how close your estimates were.
2 a 331
b 157
c 1587 d 255
e 421
f 203
g 413
h 734
i 6723 j 15 744 k 276
l 72.43 (to two decimal places)
4 a 177.4967 b 416.752
c 16.6957
d 5.0237
e 38.36
f 4.4066
g 5.8065
h 90.9734
i 8.1999
Exercise 8-05
1 a 5.6
b 13.1
c
2 a a = 8.30
b c = 54.52 c
d b = 16.33 e d = 19.44 f
3 a 70
b 33
c 109
4 a 111.8
b 108.0
c
d 23.0
e 60.0
f
5 20.8
6 6440 7 99
35.8
e = 88.41
f = 40.72
d 131
121.2
82.8
8 47 km
Exercise 8-06
1 a
c
e
2 a
d
413.4 m2
b 463.1 cm2
326.9 mm2
d 132.9 mm2
320.4 cm2
f 0.1 m2
97.4 m2
b 463.6 m2 c 246.2 m2
227.6 m2 e 93.5 m2
f 152.2 m2
3 a 46 cm2
b 20 cm2
c 294 cm2
d 321 cm2
4 a 225 m
b 2770 m2
5 a 130
b 82 m
c 766.07 m2
6 852.7 m2
7 a 1256.6 cm2
b 418.9 cm2
c 173.2 cm2
d 245.7 cm2
8 a 112
b 37 cm2
c 740 cm3
Exercise 8-07
1 a 10.2 m
b 16.1 mm c 17.1 cm
d 13.1 m
e 3.9 m
f 18.2 m
2 a 32
b 142 (or 38)
c 29
d 55
e 37
f 125
3 105 m
4 a 32+23 = 55 (exterior angle of a
triangle)
b 108.50 m
c 89 m
5 a 15.4
b 15.4
c Results are the same. When using the
sine rule:
d
-----------------sin 90
12.8
-----------------sin 56
becomes:
d=
12.8
-----------------sin 56
(since sin 90 = 1)
which is the same result when using the

sine ratio.
6 7.5 km
7 486 km
Power plus
1 a x = 12
b y = 16
31
2 a
c g = 10
1
--- (
2
3 1)
3 a 45
b 60
c 30
d 150
e 120
f 135
4 a 0
b 1
c, d and e Teacher to check.
5 Teacher to check. 6 Teacher to check.
7 a 671 or 11259 b 30 or 150
c 20.7 or 159.3
Chapter 8 Review
1
2
3
4
a
a
a
a
10.9 m
6459
12
27
b 4.4 m
c 11.5 cm
b 4859
c 5712
b 0.114 km or 114 m
b 3848
c 61.63
5 a cos =
60
-----61
b tan A =
6 a 30
b 45
c 60
7 a 24
b 48 3
8 a
c
9 a
c
e
10 a
11 a
c
12 a
13 a
14 a
48
------2
39
-----80
= 24 2
cos 1713
b sin 25.6
tan 67.19
d sin 8443
2319
b 6428
2532 or 15428
d 1172
11427
f 272 or 15258
0.4 m
b 14.8 cm
c 136.4 mm
8154 or 986 b7724 or 10236
4937
6.8 m
b 112.1 mm c 7.6 cm
95.7
b 55.9
c 125.1
165 cm2
b 286 m2
c 30 m2
3 a
Start up
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
2 a
3 a
b
4 a
quantitative, continuous
quantitative, discrete
categorical
categorical
categorical
34
b 8
c 4
d 44%
i 26%
ii 7%
iii 5%
i 312 or 313
ii 187 or 188
iii 75
xf
16
15
36
10
70
16
128
54
10
30
11
22
50
371
x = 7.42
b i 7
4 a
ii 8
Stem
Leaf
Frequency
0 2 2 4 4 7 8 8 8
2 2 3 3 4 5 7
0 1
3
4
b
5 a
b
c
d
Frequency histogram
and frequency polygon
6
7
8
9
10
10
8
6
4
11
2
0
1
c 4
5 a 30
6 a i 5
b i 9
c i 9
3 4 5 6
Length of queue
d 11
b 2
c 27%
ii 5.3
iii 5
iv 5
ii 16.4 iii 15
iv 15
ii 9.2
iii 8.5
iv 7
Exercise 9-01
1 a i 5
ii 16.125
iii 15.5
iv 15
b i 6
ii 3.1
iii 3
iv 2
c i 6
ii 6.75 iii 6.5
iv 6, 8
d i 1.6 ii 7.6
iii 7.5
iv 7.5
2 a range = 5, mean = 17.325, median = 17,
mode = 17
b range = 52, mean = 28.5, median = 29,
mode = 28, 29
c range = 6, mean = 5.4, median = 5,
mode = 5
d range = 5, mean = 12.4, median = 13,
mode = 13
i 36 ii 70.3 iii 70
iv 68
i 21 ii 74
iii 74.5 iv 76
69, 78, 75, 90, 81, 81
i 21 ii 79
iii 79.5 iv 81
Range, no change; mean, median and
mode have increased by 5
a i 26 ii 20.5 iii 17.5 iv 16
b i 26 ii 30.5 iii 27.5 iv 26
a 120
b 154
c 34
85%
11 or 42
a 12, 12; 11, 13; 10, 14; 9, 15
b 17, 17
c Any three scores who have a sum of 62,
such as 20, 20, 22.
a 342
b 38
Exercise 9-02
1 a i
ii
iii
b i
ii
iii
c i
ii
iii
d i
ii
iii
e i
iii
f i
iii
g i
ii
iii
h i
iii
i i
iii
j i
ii
iii
k i
iii
l i
ii
iii
2 a
no outliers
some clustering near 5 and 11
symmetrical
outlier at 24
clustered near 15 to 18
positively skewed
no outliers
clustered near 13, 16
not symmetrical, not skewed
no outliers
clustered near 3, 4 and 7, 8
symmetrical
no outliers
ii no clustering
symmetrical
no outliers
ii clustered near 7
negatively skewed
one outlier at 25
positively skewed
two outliers
ii clustered near 4, 6
symmetrical
no outliers
ii clustered near 12
positively skewed
one outlier (24)
clustered near 5, 9
symmetrical (if outlier is ignored)

no outliers
ii clustered near 51
symmetrical
no outliers
symmetrical
67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
b no outliers
c i clustered near 6970 and 7274
ii not symmetrical, not skewed
3 a
iii 8
Length of
queue
2
Frequency
Frequency histogram
10
Frequency
Chapter 9
8
6
4
2
0
1
3 4 5 6 7
Number of children
b no outliers
c i clustered around 23
ii positively skewed
4 a 26
b Clustering in 30s, 40s and 50s
c Skewed towards lower marks
d The test was difcult, or most students
did not study.
5 a Yes, 7
The opposition team in this game was
missing some of its better players,
possibly through injury.
b Clustered around 2
c Symmetrical (especially without the
outlier). The team is consistent in the
number of goals it scores.
6 a No, because results of 3, 2, 1 are not far
from the main body of data which
begins at 5.
b Clustering occurs around 89.
c Skewed towards the higher marks
d The students practised spelling the
words before the test, or the words were
very easy to spell.
Exercise 9-03
1 a
b
c
d
Richard 167, James 45

Richard 46, James 41.8
Richard 7, James 46.5
James because he is the more consistent
batsman. However, Richard who
frequently scores 0, has had two very
good scores.
2 a i $95 250
ii $91 500
b The median because the value of the
mean has been affected by $170 000
which is much higher than the other
salaries.
ANSWERS
635
Exercise 9-04
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
13 14 15 16 17 18
Ages
e Median = 15
Number
of calls
cf
11
70
17
60
23
32
38
39
40
3 a
Cumulative frequency histogram

and polygram
Cumulative frequency
1 a

and polygon
3 a i 1.5
ii 0.5
iii 0
b A combination of the mean and mode; the average number of
accidents is 1.5 per workplace although many of the workplaces
had no accidents.
4 a Toyota
b The data is categorical.
c The range, mean and median can only be found for numerical data.
5 a Jade: range 39, mean 66, median 69
Amy: range 62, mean 64.6, median 73
b Amy because she is more consistent, apart from the score of 23,
which could be due to illness. Amys mean of 64.6 has been
affected by the mark of 23.
6 a i 64
ii 63
b i 7079 (the 70s)
ii 6069 (the 60s)
f = 40
b
50
40
30
20
10
0

and polygon
17 18 19 20 21 22
Score
Median = 20
40
35

and polygram
25
30
20
15
10
5
0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of calls/minute
Ages
cf
13
14
15
10
17
16
24
17
29
18
30
b 17
c 80%
636
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
Median = 3
2 a
Frequency
30
2 3
Score
Median = 2.5
cf
10
18
10
28
37
10
41
11
44
12
45
c 5054

and polygon
4 a Number of seedlings
50
40
30
20
10
0
37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 82 87
Marks (class centres)

Median 54
e 55.1
f = 45
Heights of
students (cm)
Class
centre, x
130134
132
50
135139
137
959 10
40
140144
142
10
1420 20
30
145149
147
1176 28
20
150154
152
912 34
10
155159
157
628 38
160164
162
2 a

and polygon
0
4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of seedlings/punnet
c Median = 8
b i 145.4
c
Class
centre
Frequency
fx
cf
3539
37
185
4044
42
168
4549
47
282 15
5054
52
12
624 27
5559
57
456 35
6064
62
186 38
6569
67
335 43
7074
72
432 49
7579
77
0 49
8084
82
0 49
8589
87
1
50
87 50
2755
Frequency histogram and polygon
Frequency
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
fx
cf
396
324 40
5815
ii 140144

and polygon
Class
interval
f = 40
Exercise 9-05
1 a
40
30
20
10
0
132 137 142 147 152 157 162
Heights (class centres)
Median 144.5
3 a
Class
interval
0.000.04
0.02
10
10
0.2
0.050.09
0.07
12
22
0.84
0.100.14
0.12
31
1.08
0.150.19
0.17
40
1.53
0.200.24
0.22
46
1.32
0.250.29
0.27
50
1.08
cf
f = 50
fx
fx = 6.05
b Mean = 0.121
c Modal class = 0.050.09
37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 82 87
Marks in maths exam
ANSWERS
637
40
30
20
10
0
0.02
0.12
0.22
0.07
0.17
0.27
Blood alcohol levels (class centres)
Class
interval
Class
centre, x
7579
77
8084
82
8589
9094
fx
cf
154
328
87
435 11
92
276 14
9599
97
679 21
102
714 28
105109
107
12 1284 40
110114
112
9 1008 49
115119
117
20
10
94.5
114.5
84.5
104.5
Speeds (class centres)
Median 102 km/h

d x 99.7
e Both methods of grouping give similar results. Grouping of 7079,
condenses data more than grouping of 7579, and so some
information about actual speeds of vehicles may be lost.
2 a
d
g
j
4 a
e
i
$408
$408
$517
364
330
$175
68
b 132
c
e $672
f
h $1170
i
k $262.50
l
b $240 c 1600
f 370
g $51
j $388 k $108
200
81
525
$954.60
d $470
h $105
l $237.50
Exercise 9-06
117 50
b 105109

and polygon
30
Skillbank 9
f = 50 4995
50
40
30
1 a
b
c
d
2 a
3 a
d
4 a
b
c
d
20
5 a
10
Q1 = 4, Q2 = 8, Q3 = 16
Q1 = 18.5, Q2 = 21, Q3 = 22.5
Q1 = 6.5, Q2 = 9, Q3 = 13
Q1 = 55, Q2 = 71, Q3 = 78
9
b 3
c 15 d 2
e 3
f 22.5
9 6 = 3 b 50 48 = 2 c 6 3 = 3
24 22 = 2
Range for X is 10, and for Y is 10.
Median for X is 5, and for Y is 9.
Interquartile range for X is 5 and for Y is 3.
Technician Ys spread of calls is less, since the interquartile range
is 3 compared with 5 for X.
B
8
0
77 82 87 92 97 102 107 112 117
Speed (km/h) (class centres)
Median 102 km/h
d x 99.9 km/h
5 a
40
74.5
100104
50
e Median 0.12
f The mean and median are the most useful measures of location.
The mean and median are approximately equal; both are much
larger than the mode.
4 a

and polygon
50
Class
interval
Class
centre
7079
74.5
8089
9099
fx
cf
149
84.5
760.5
11
94.5
10
945
21
100109
104.5
19
1985.5
40
110119
114.5
10
1145
50
f = 50
4985
b 100109
638
b
c
d
e
A
5
9887433320
0012355789
9965544332211000
00223355566
200
02345558
Median speed for A is 73 km/h, and for B is 71 km/h.

Range for A is 30 km/h and for B is 24 km/h.
Interquartile range for A is 15 km/h and for B is 8 km/h.
Suburb B is much safer for driving because the speeds are more
clustered (interquartile range of B about half that of A). Also the
median speed is lower, while the range is signicantly lower.
Day 1
6 a
Day 2
0
98765554221
234556667889
9876422110
24788
885100
1235677
760
0238
3 a
e
4 a
b
c
d
e
5 C
7 a
21 hours b 16 hours c 24 hours d 8 hours

i 75%
ii 25%
i 9
ii 10
The median mark for Class 1 is 6.5, and for Class 2 is 5.5.
The interquartile range for Class 1 is 3, and for Class 2 is 4.
Class 1 is more consistent.
i 75%
ii less than 50%
6 C
Bushrangers
b The range for Day 1 is 36, and for Day 2 is 44.
c The interquartile range for Day 1 is 14, and for Day 2 is 20.
d Day 2, because the interquartile range and the range are
signicantly larger than for Day 1.
7 a
Class interval
Frequency
Cumulative
frequency
1
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

b The interquartile range for the Bushrangers is 60, and for the
Ghosts is 73.
c Bushrangers are more consistent. Their interquartile range is lower
and the range of the Bushrangers is 152 compared to 190 for the
Ghosts.
09
1019
2029
14
Exercise 9-08
3039
23
1 a x 6.4, 2.7
b x 23.6, 2.6
4049
11
34
2 a x 13.71, 2.12
b x 7.8, 1.83
5059
38
6069
40
histogram and polygon
40
c x 22.73, 0.90
e
3 a
b
c
x
i
i
i
d x 12.29, 1.19
4.07, 1.33
4
ii 4
4
ii 4
4
ii 4
4 a x 7.0, 2.0
iii 1.09
iii 1.41
iii 1.63
b x 46.4, 13.4 c x 49.3, 1.4
Exercise 9-09
35
25
1 a Men: x 71.4, 6.8 Women: x 77.5, 7.0

b Yes, the mean of womens pulse rates is much higher, which may
be due to the stresses involved in shopping (and looking after
children at the same time).
20
2 a i x 150.1, 9.5
30
10
Q1
10
20
Median
Q3
15
2
30 9
3
40 9
4
50 9
5
60 9
6
9
Ghosts
Number of SMS communications

c Median 37
Interquartile range 45 21
= 24
b 5.5
c 8
d 2.5
4 a Team A: x 122.9, 27.0

Team B: x 120.9, 23.6
b Team B is slightly more consistent as its standard deviation is 23.6,
compared with 27.0 for Team A.
5 a Vatha: x 13.8, 0.5 Ana: x 14.1, 0.7
b Vatha is more consistent as the standard deviation for her times is
signicantly lower than the standard deviation for Anas times.
Exercise 9-07
1 a 7
ii x 165.9, 11.2
iii x 158, 13.0

b The boys are much taller than the girls, since their mean is much
larger than the girls mean. The mean of the class is the average of
the girls and boys means.
3 The rst set, since the standard deviation is less than that of the
second set.
5 6 7 8 9
Number of hours
10
2 a
Team 1
Team 2
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
Number of goals
b Team 1 is more consistent because the interquartile range (the
length of the box) is smaller than that of team 2.
6 a Test 1: x 58.3, 14.5 Test 2: x 67.7, 13.3

b The mean for Test 2 is higher than for Test 1 and the standard
deviation for Test 2 is lower than the Test 1. This means the results
are higher and not as spread, so the class has benetted from the
remedial work.
Exercise 9-10
1 a i The range for science is 47, and for English is 44.
ii The interquartile range for science is 22, and for English is 14.
iii The standard deviation for science is 14.7, and for English is 10.0.
b Mean mark for science is 63.5, and for English is 65.9.
c The interquartile range, range and standard deviation for English
are all lower than those for science. Also the mean is higher for
English, so student marks for English are better than those for
science.
2 a Male 53, Female 46
b Range: Male 52, Female 45
ANSWERS
639
4 a
Power plus
1 a Maths, since it is 1 standard deviation above the mean while 65 for
English is less than 1 standard deviation above the mean.
b Maths, since it is less than 1 standard deviation below the mean
while 48 for English is more than 1 standard deviation below the
mean.
c Neither, since they are both 2 standard deviations below the mean.
d Neither, since they are both 3 standard deviations above the mean.
e English, since it is 4.5 standard deviations above the mean while
maths is only 4 standard deviations above the mean.
2 x 8, 1.63
3 a 12 11 13 15 14 13 10 14 15
b x 13, 1.63
c Mean increases by 5, is unchanged.
4 a 14 12 16 20 18 16 10 18 20
c
5 a
b
6 a
b
cf
13
15
28
13
41
49
10
50
50
40
30
20
10
6
7 8
Score
5 a
b x 16, 3.27
Class
interval
Class
centre x
cf
8589
87
9094
92
9599
97
12
100104
102
19
105109
107
15
34
110114
112
13
47
115119
117
50
50
, 9, 9
c 6, 13.45, 13.5, 14
d 40, 103.7, 107, 94, 108 and 112
2 Teacher to check.
b Modal class 105109

and polygon
Centre B
9754
578889
866521
2233456778
65521
01245
9885100
023
10
b Centre A: x = 23.08, median = 23.5, range = 37

Centre B: x = 16.63, median = 15.5, range = 28
c Yes. The mean of the waiting times of Centre B is much lower than
that of Centre A. The waiting times for Centre B also have less
spread than the waiting times for Centre A.
Centre A
640
10
c 7
1 a Range = 10, mean = 17, median = 17.5, mode = 18
Chapter 9 Review
b 4,
x is doubled and so is .
1.94
i 2.67
ii 2.63
Because it is a measure of the distance of a score from the mean.
0
9 1--3

and polygon
Interquartile range: Male 22, Female 16.5

Standard deviation: Male 13.84, Female 10.48
c Males spend more than females at the restaurant. Also females as a
group are more consistent in their spending because the range,
interquartile range and standard deviation are all signicantly lower
than those of the males.
3 a A 75.25, B 74.06
b A 38, 12.5, 9.64
B 42, 17.5, 11.39
c Group A has less spread since the range, interquartile range and
standard deviation are all less than Group Bs.
4 a i Team 1 51, Team 2 36
ii Team 1 22, Team 2 23
iii Team 1 14.6, Team 2 11.9
b Team 2 appears to be more consistent since its range and standard
deviation are lower than Team 1s. However Team 1s range and
standard deviation have been affected by the score of 73.
50
40
30
20
10
0
87 92 97 102 107 112 117
Speeds (km/h)
d 107 km/h
e x = 105
6 a 6
b 2.5
7 a X 81, Y 73.5
b X 9, Y 12
c 12.5
c i m = 4--- , b = 2 ii
Group X
Group Y
2
0
2
2
62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88
Pulse rates
d Group Y had greater spread since its range and interquartile range
were both larger than those for group X.
8 a Girls: x 55, 19.6
Women
9 a
Men
2
6 8 9 9 9
9 9 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 2
0 1 1 2 2 3 7 8
8 5 3 2 0 0
3 4 7 8 9
7 4 1 1
3 5
0
d 6 4 22
6 y = 1--- x +
3
--2
, m = 1--- , b =
2
7 a y = --3- x + 5
c Box plot, as it shows the difference in spread between men and
women and the positions of the medians
y = 2x + 1
0
4 2
2
2x + y = 3
2
0
4 2
2
b Parallel
d Perpendicular
x + 2y 4 = 0
2
--3
0
4 2
2
40 , BC =
32
4
2
9 3 (1) 3 + 6 = 0
10 AB = AC =
11 All sides have the same length of

BD both have length
b i m = 3, b = 1
y
4
Mixed revision 3
0
2
2
Men: x 37.2, 8.98

e Yes. The mean of reaction times of men is much lower than that of
women, but the reaction times for men have more spread than the
womens reaction times.
, b = 2 ii
c y = --1- x + 6
8 a
d Women: x 41.65, 6.94
1 a Neither
c Parallel
3
--2
b y = 3x 2
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
1
--2
5 3x y 5 = 0
Men
3 a i m=
b Women
Boys: x 55.8, 23.8

b The mean mark for boys was just higher than the mean for girls, but
the spread of marks for boys was much greater.
29 units, and diagonals AC and
58 units.
12 y = 4x + 3
ii
13 a y =
x 3 b y = 3--- x + 1 c y = 5
4
14 a i (1, 1--- )
ii
97
iii
b i (3 --1- ,
ii
34
iii --5-
ii
125
iii 1---
2
0
2
2
1
--2
c i (1,
1
--2
1
--2
15 a y = 1--- x + 1
2
16
17
18
19
20
C
a 2x y 3 = 0
6x + 8y + 7 = 0
a x+y1=0
a 2x + 3y 6 = 0
b y = x 4
9
--4
3
2
c y=
2
--5
x2
d y = 2x + 2
b 3x + 4y 6 = 0
b 4x y 13 = 0
b 3x 2y 5 = 0
ANSWERS
641
8
27
------, ------
13 13
35
4 ----52
d 2 1---
43 a
Number
of DVDs
square units (4.67)
21 a 3x 2y + 4 = 0
b 5x 2y 17 = 0
22 a 39.3
b 51.9
c 44.4
b
3
------2
1
------2
f 1
b ------3e
27 13
1
c ------
3
------2
1
f ------
12
28
36
43
47
49
50
f = 50
g 1
h 0
i 0
a 20.6 or 159.4
b 118 c 95.4
a 5.4 m
b 32.5 m
c 5.5 m
a 41 m2
b 340 mm2
a 4354
b 9512
52, 128
a 116
b 43
c 41
019
a i 8
ii 6.7
iii 7
iv 7
b i 5
ii 5.0
iii 5
iv 4
c i 6
ii 18.1 iii 18
iv 18
d i 39 ii 117.7 iii 119 iv 134
e i 4
ii 22.3 iii 22
iv 23
37 a 8 5 = 3
b 64=2
c 19 17 = 2
d 128 102.5 = 25.5
e 23 21.5 = 1.5
38 a 10
b i 6
ii 11.5
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

and polygon
b and c
b x 50.3, 1.7
30
20
10
0
2 3 4 5 6
Number of DVDs
44 x = 7.2, median = 6.5, mode = 2. The median best represents the data
because the mean is affected by the score of 20 and the mode is the
lowest score.
45 a
Marks
in test
1019
14.5
2029
3039
cf
fx
14.5
24.5
10
11
245
34.5
11
22
379.5
4049
44.5
20
42
890
5059
54.5
50
f = 50
Frequency histogram
and polygon
20
16
12
8
1019
Marks in test
c 4049
436
fx = 1965
642
Median = 2
Frequency
42 a x 55.2, 13.6
40
39 a A: x 396.7, 34.2
B: x 369.7, 27.8
b Brand A is the longer-lasting brand because the mean for Brand A is
nearly 30 hours above that of Brand B.
40 a i No
ii Clustered around 3 and 4
iii Nearly symmetrical
b i No
ii Clustered around 1517
iii Negatively skewed
c i Yes, 125 ii Clustered in 7080s
iii Skewed
d i No
ii No
iii Symmetrical
41 a i Range for Runner A is 3.3. Range for Runner B is 0.8.
ii Interquartile range for Runner A is 0.5 and for B is 0.55.
iii The standard deviation for Runner A is 1.03 and for B is 0.29.
b A 12.55, B 12.6
c Runner B is more consistent because the range and standard
deviation are much lower than for Runner A and the interquartile
ranges are nearly the same.
d Although Runner B is more consistent, Runner A is no better.
Runner As results have been affected by the outlier of 15.2 (which
may be an error in timing or recording).
50
5059
1
------2
26 50 m
1
------3
16
4049
28 a 1
25 C
10
3039
24 72 m
1
------2
2029
3
------2
cf
23 a

and polygon
50
40
9 a i
3
--7
iv
7
--7
10
10 a
b
c
d
e
f
5059
4049
3039
2029
1019
Marks in test
f x 39.3
e 42
46 4
2
-----13
7 a Drawing a blue marble (or any colour

other than green or red)
b 1
8 a 0
b 1
30
20
8
-----52
3
--7
ii
4
--7
=1
12 a i
b
1 a even chance
b likely or unlikely (depending on todays
weather)
c even chance
d very unlikely
e unlikely
f very unlikely
g even chance
h likely
i certain
j impossible
2 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6
b Team A wins, Team B wins, or it is a
draw
c Player A wins, Player B wins
d It lands heads, or it lands tails
e HH, HT, TH, TT
f 1, 1; 1, 2; 1, 3; 1, 4; 1, 5; 1, 6; 2, 1; 2, 2;
2, 3; 2, 4; 2, 5; 2, 6; 3, 1; 3, 2; 3, 3; 3, 4;
3, 5; 3, 6; 4, 1; 4, 2; 4, 3; 4, 4; 4, 5; 4, 6;
5, 1; 5, 2; 5, 3; 5, 4; 5, 5; 5, 6; 6, 1; 6, 2;
6, 3; 6, 4; 6, 5; 6, 6
3 a A
b B
c B
d B
4 a C
b C
c A
d D
5 a C
b D
Exercise 10-01
1 a 26
b Yes
2 a 5
b No, since the coins are not identical in
size.
3 a 5
1
--5
c i
1
--5
ii 0
iii
1
--5
2
--5
4 a i 2, 4
ii 1, 1, 3, 5 iii 2, 3, 4, 5
iv 1, 1, 2, 3
4
--6
or
2
--3
ii
2
--6
or
1
--3
5 a {Jack of hearts, Jack of diamonds, Jack

of clubs, Jack of spades}
b {4 of clubs, 5 of clubs, 4 of spades, 5 of
spades, 4 of hearts, 5 of hearts, 4 of
diamonds, 5 of diamonds}
c {Jack of hearts, Queen of hearts, King of
hearts, Jack of diamonds, Queen of
diamonds, King of diamonds}
=
1
--2
12
-----52
3
-----13
4
-----52
1
-----13
99
--------100
1
--------100
9 a
3
-----20
2
-----20
11
-----20
3
-----20
10 a
11
-----60
21
-----60
42
-----60
12
-----31
1
-----10
1
-----20
7
-----20
8
-----60
4
--5
1
--5
4
--5
=1
iii 1%
= 0.99 or 99%
b 0.4
Skillbank 10
Mark $100, Jenni $50
Simon $1200, Sunil $900
Lisa $160, Bree $560
William $500, Adriana $1500
Ed $2700, Pete $1800
Sharanya $900, Asam $2100
Cindy $3000, Carmen $600
Nancy $600, John $1000
Carol $550, Louis $440
Yvette $800, Andre $3200
Arden $2100, Ivan $2800
Tan $2000, Mai $1200
ii 0.155
v 0.845
b 0.2325
iii 0.505
vi 0.669
c 0.515
1--4
c to f Teacher to check.
2 a to f Teacher to check.
g i
Dice 1
Dice 2
ii
Difference
Frequency
Probability
6
-----36
1
--6
10
10
-----36
5
-----18
8
-----36
2
--9
6
-----36
1
--6
4
-----36
1
--9
2
-----36
1
-----18
Total
36
Exercise 10-02
1 a i
41
--------100
ii
21
--------100
38
--------100
iii
or
b 1
c i 102 or 103
ii 52 or 53
2 a 10
b to e Teacher to check.
b 1
c and d Teacher to check.
b 1
c and d Teacher to check.
5 a i
55
--------100
11
-----20
ii
45
--------100
9
-----20
b 1
6 a 40
19
-----50
iii Teacher to check.

iv A 67
B 222
v Teacher to check.
3 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
b i
1
--6
ii
C 1111
1
--2
b i
3
-----40
ii
11
-----40
iii
7
-----40
iv
6
-----40
3
-----20
b i
5
-----40
vi
8
-----40
1
--5
c Yes
d 3, 4, 5, 6
f i 0.125
iv 1
ii 0.5
v 0.5
1
--8
19
--------100
97
--------100
15
--------100
3
-----20
iii
5
--6
4
--8
4 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
c 1
7 a
2
-----15
7
-----10
b P(R) = P(G) = P(Y) = P(B) =
13 0.7
14 a 40%
b 60
15 a Missing the bullseye
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
10
-----31
1 a Each outcome to appear 5 times
1
--5
ii 0.01
Exercise 10-03
c Obtaining a number other than 1
Start up
26
-----52
7
-----31
11 a 1000
b i 0.17
iv 0.486
12 a 0.2525
d 0.7675
Obtaining an odd number

Obtaining a tail
Selecting a diamond, club or spade
Selecting a vowel
Missing the bullseye
Selecting a red disc
11 a {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Chapter 10
6 a
iii 0
=1
d {2, 3, 4, 5} e
b i
4
--7
8 a
57
--------100
1
--8
ii
5 a A, E, I
c i
1
-----10
or 0.1
ANSWERS
1
--8
or
iii 0.375
vi 0
b
3
-----10
or 0.3
ii
7
-----10
or 0.7
643
1
--2
6 a
3
-----10
7
-----10
2
--6
=1
B
B
R
B
B
R
B
B
R
3 a
1
--3
4
--6
or
2
--3
7 6 red marbles
1
--4
1
--2
1
-----13
2
-----13
1
-----13
3
-----13
1
-----52
3
-----13
9 a
5
-----11
8 a
10
4
-----11
9
-----11
3
--7
1
--2
3
-----10
1
--5
12 a
1
--3
1
--3
13 a
1
-----11
4
-----11
14 a
1
--2
1
--2
15 a 0.62 or
62
--------100
or
b 0.07 or
7
--------100
or 7%
1
--3
1
--3
g 0
2
--5
1
--6
5
--6
7
-----11
3
-----11
1
--5
1
-----10
31
-----50
1
--2
B
R
B
R
B
B
B
B
R
or 62%
2
--7
b i
1
--2
ii
4
--7
2
--3
4
--7
iii
iv
c 0
3
--7
v
d
3
--7
5
--6
19 C
20 a
1
--4
b 50
21 27 or 28
Exercise 10-04
1
1
--2
3 a Independent
c Dependent
e Dependent
1--6
b Dependent
d Independent
4 a i
5
--8
ii
4
--7
b i
3
--8
ii
5
--7
c i
5
--8
ii
3
--7
d i
3
--8
ii
2
--7
1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6
2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6
3 3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6
4 4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6
4
6
7
3
6
7
3
4
7
3
4
6
Exercise 10-05
1 BA
BR
BC
BM
2
AB
AR
AC
AM
RB
RA
RC
RM
MB
MA
MR
MC
1st
toss
5 a
Red die
1
3 3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6
4 4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6
5 5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6
1
--6
ii
11
-----36
iii
16
-----36
4
--9
iv
2
-----36
4
-----25
4
-----25
9 10
9 10 11
9 10 11 12
b i
3
-----36
1
-----12
ii
6
-----36
iii
3
-----36
1
-----12
iv
35
-----36
10
-----36
5
-----18
vi
7
-----36
vii
1
-----36
viii
15
-----36
16
-----25
2
-----20
1
-----10
4
-----20
1
--5
12
-----20
3
--5
4
-----20
1
--5
2
-----20
1
--6
5
-----12
2
-----12
1
--6
2
-----12
1
--6
4
-----12
1
--3
4
-----12
1
--3
ii
9
-----25
ii
6
-----20
3
-----10
10 a i
4
-----25
b i
2
-----20
1
-----10
Exercise 10-06
1
People
4
-----25
ii without replacement
a
K spades
Q clubs
Q spades
K clubs
Q spades
Q clubs
K spades
K clubs
Q spades
K spades
K clubs
Q clubs
Car
4
-----25
18
Q spades
HH
HT
TH
TT
1
= -----
Q clubs
i with replacement
6 6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6
644
6
-----36
K spades
b No
H
T
H
T
2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6
c 11
b i
34
36
37
43
46
47
63
64
67
73
74
76
2nd
toss
1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6
b 36
33
34
36
37
43
44
46
47
63
64
66
67
73
74
76
77
6 6, 1 6, 2 6,3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6
K clubs
5 Independent, because the outcome for the

coin will not affect the outcome for the die.
6 Dependent, since the number of balls from
which the draw is made is decreasing.
Blue die
2nd die
1
BB
BR
BB
BR
RB
RB
3
4
6
7
3
4
6
7
3
4
6
7
3
4
6
7
4 a
16 D
17 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6
18 a
5 5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6
b
11 a
BB
BB
BR
BB
BB
BR
RB
RB
RR
1st die
1
-----10
CJ
CM
CL
CS
FJ
FM
FL
FS
MJ
MM
ML
MS
HJ
HM
HL
HS
Coin
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1st
coin
3 a
Die
2nd
coin
H
H
T
H
T
T
1
--8
b i
ii
3
--8
1
--8
iii
iv
2 a
4 a
3rd
coin
Sample
space
p3
b (1 p)p2 = p2 p3
d 3p2(1 p) = 3p2 3p3
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
HHH
HHT
HTH
HTT
THH
THT
TTH
TTT
v
1
--8
vi
1, 6
2, 1
2, 2
2, 3
2, 4
2, 5
2, 6
3, 1
3, 2
3, 3
3, 4
3, 5
3, 6
4, 1
4, 2
4, 3
4, 4
4, 5
4, 6
1
--4
vi
1
--8
vii
23
-----24
1st
coin
viii
2nd
coin
7 a
1
--4
5
--6
8 a
2
--5
3
--5
3
--5
9 a
1
-----52
10
d i
10
-----64
H
H
T
T
H
T
T
6 a 50
1
--4
c
b 300
3
--8
1
--4
c 750
1
-----16
4th
coin
Sample
space
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
HHHH
HHH T
HH T H
HH T T
H T HH
HTHT
HT TH
HT T T
T HHH
T HH T
THTH
THT T
T T HH
T THT
T T TH
TTTT
f
15
-----16
0.139
iii
2
--5
3
--4
2
-----13
12
-----13
1
--4
3
--4
=1
iii 0.883
1
-----26
1
-----13
1
--9
23
-----24
1
-----16
9
-----64
16
--------115
5
--9
iv
7
-----12
c i
1
--9
6 a
1
--6
iii
5
--6
10
-----64
2
--9
ii
1
--3
b i
1
--5
ii
2
--3
25
-----64
3rd
coin
1
--5
c i
c Yellow, blue, green
11 a i
1
--9
1
--4
b 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
4 a 70%
5 a 0 is 0.117, 1 is 0.383, 2 is 0.41, 3 is 0.09
b i 0.383
ii 0.41
1, 5
iv
0.417
3 a Red, yellow, blue, green
1, 4
1
--6
48
--------115
b Yes
c i
1, 3
iii
0.191
25
--------216
2 a 9
b No, as there are two 3s, 3 is twice as likely.
1
--2
22
--------115
1 a 5
1, 2
1
--6
d 0.45
Chapter 10 review
1, 1
ii
1
--8
iv
1
--6
3 a
c (1 p)3
1
-----24
3
--8
1 Teacher to check.
Tetrahedral die
c i
iii
Power plus
1
--2
1
--8
ii
8 a 0.277
b 0.54
c 0.465
9 a 640
b 260
c i 0.333
ii 0.173
4 a
Normal
die
1
--8
b i
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
12 a
1
--4
5
-----32
5
-----32
13 a 0.1 or
1
--6
1
-----10
ii
20
-----56
5
-----14
ii
10
-----56
5
-----28
ii
6
-----56
3
-----28
ii
10
-----56
5
-----28
1
-----12
b 0.2 or
14
1--5
1
--6
c 0.2 or
1
--5
B
B
G
B
B
G
G
B
B
G
G
B
G
G
a
1
--2
b i
3
--8
ii
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
BBBB
B B BG
B BGB
B B GG
BGB B
BGBG
B GG B
B GGG
GB B B
GB BG
GBGB
G B GG
GG B B
GG B G
GGG B
GGGG
15
-----16
ANSWERS
645
3
--4
Chapter 11
Exercise 11-02
Start up
1 a i 2
b i 1
iv 12
iv 29
ii 13
ii 95
iii 23
iii 3
ii 2
iii
d i 2
ii 10
iii 5
iv 10
e i 1
ii
iii 81
iv
c i 4
2 a
1
--3
8
--5
iv 8
1
--9
1
--4
1
--2
16
10
32
80
40
10
1 --14-
1
--2
27
16
81
1 a The person starts the journey fast (the

graph is steep), then slows down (the
graph becomes less steep) before
increasing speed again (the graph
becomes steeper).
b The persons speed is fast initially, then
slows down and stops (the graph is
horizontal).
c The person starts the journey at a high
speed and then gradually slows down to
a stop.
2 a H b D c AB d F e E f C
3
120
100
Skillbank 11A
80
60
40
20
3 a m = 2, b = 2, y = 2x + 2
b m = 2, b = 2, y = 2x + 2
c m=
1
--2
, b = 1, y =
1
--2
0
2
10 12
4 a
x1
Distance
Exercise 11-01
1 a i 160 m/min
ii 100 m/min
b i 160
ii 100
c The steepness of the graph.
4
Time
b
c
d
5 a
b
d
f
1
--2
646
Distance
Time
Distance
h, then cycles back
towards the starting point at a speed of

30 km/h for 1 h.
No, since the gradients of the intervals
are all different.
The cyclist is moving back towards the
starting point.
i 10 km/h
ii From C to D.
Kate 133 m/min, Colleen 114 m/min
Kate, in 9 minutes c 1.5 min
690 m
e 110 m
The graph shows the distance they move
down the slope and this increases as
more time passes.
12:25pm
10:50pm
0610 hours
9:10am
1100 hours
12:20am
6:05pm
12:10pm
1245 hours
10:50pm
1545 hours
1:35pm
Time
d
iii
1:10am
10:55pm
0010 hours
3:15am
2305 hours
11:35am
6:40am
2:50am
0355 hours
12:15pm
0400 hours
7:20am
1
--3
d i Independent variable is time.

Dependent variable is water level.
ii cm/min
iii 3 1--9
Time
5 a i C
b
d
f
h
j
l
b
d
f
h
j
l
1 a i Independent variable is time.

Dependent variable is temperature.
ii Teacher to check.
b i Independent variable is time.
Dependent variable is height of tide.
c i Independent variable is distance.
Dependent variable is volume of
petrol.
d i Independent variable is age.
Dependent variable is height.
2 a i Independent variable is number of
persons. Dependent variable is cost.
ii Cost per person
iii 1
b i Independent variable is time.
Dependent variable is speed.
ii Rate of change of speed
(acceleration)
iii 3
c i Independent variable is quantity.
Dependent variable is prot.
ii Prot/item
Distance
cyclist stops for
2 a
c
e
g
i
k
4 a
c
e
g
i
k
Exercise 11-03
d Zaid 11 --1- min, Nooreen 9 min

2 a No, because the slope of the graph
changes.
b During the 3rd hour (from t = 2 to t = 3),
0 km/h
3 a i 12.5 km/h ii 25 km/h
b i 12.5
ii 25
c i Yes
ii No, opposite in sign
d Car A is moving away from the starting
point (positive gradient) while car B is
moving towards the starting point
(negative gradient).
4 a The cyclist leaves the starting point,
travels at a speed of 20 km/h for 1 h;
stops for 1 h; and continues for another
hour at a speed of 10 km/h. At D, the
b i Is the steepest (has the greatest

gradient) and must be the fastest
(Jade).
ii Is the least steep (the smallest
gradient) and must be the slowest
(Cameron).
iii The slope of this graph is between the
other two (Kiet).
c Jade stopped to talk to a friend. (Other
answers possible.)
d This person speeds up slightly and
maintains speed for a while, slowing
down gradually to a stop.
6 No, because it does not account for
variable speeds when leaving and arriving
at home.
7 a C b D c E d F e B f A
ii B
3 Teacher to check.
iii A
Height
Distance
Time
t
c
Time
k
Distance
b H
Distance from shop
4 a H
Time
Time
t
d
Sound level
Distance
c H
Time
t
e
Exercise 11-04
Litres
d H
Time
t
f
1 a
f
2 a
f
3 a
4 a
5 a
6 a
b
7 a
c iii
h v
c A
d vi
i vii
d B
g
f H
Distance
Time
Speed
Time
t
h Same as g
5 a
Time
Water level
Distance
e ix
e A
c C
d B
e A
c A
d F
e C
F d D e A f B
iii E
iv F
iii F
iv C
B d C e A f D
Speed
Distance
viii b i
iv
g ii
C
b B
B
g A
B
b A
B
b H
C b E c
i C ii A
i A ii D
E b F c
8 a
Litres
e H
Time
Time
Time
ANSWERS
647
1_
2
Speed
Speed
Time
1_
3
1
2 2_ 5
Time
f
1 a y = 3x2
d y = 2x2
Speed
Speed
Exercise 11-06
2 a i
Time
b y = 3x2
e y = 3x2
c y = 0.5x2
f y = 10x2
y y = 4x2
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 36
Time
c
Speed
y = x2
b
Speed
Speed
9 a
Time
Time
b i
Time
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 18
y = x2
10
Speed
y = 2x2
Distance from home
c i
y = x2
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 3
Skillbank 11B
2 a
d
g
j
8 h 30 min
8 h 25 min
5 h 10 min
7 h 25 min
b 5 h 40 min
e 11 h 25 min
h 5 h 45 min
c 3 h 25 min
f 1 h 40 min
i 7 h 55 min
y = 13_ x2
0
Exercise 11-05
1 a
y
d i
12
0 3
y = 6x2
y = x2
0
x
0
y
e i
ii (0, 0)
y = x2
3
1
12_
y = 12_ x2
648
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 54
iii y = 4 --12
f i
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 18
y = 2x2
y = x2
V = (0, 6)
0
0
V = (0, 6)
g i
y = x2
0
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 27
6
0
V = (0, 6)
V = (0, 6)
y = 3x2
y
10
h i
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 27
y = 3x2
y=
0
x2
V = (0, 3)
x
k
V = (0, 10)
ii (0, 0)
iii y = 2 1---
y = x2
5 V = (0, 5)
V = (0, 2)
0
y = 14_ x2
0
Axis of symmetry is the y-axis (or x = 0) for all parabolas.

2 a vi
b ix
c i
d xi
e x
f iii
g ii
h xii
i viii
j v
k vii
l iv
Exercise 11-07
1 a
3 a y = x2
10 V = (0, 10)
0
c
10
d
4 a
b
c
d
e
x
V = (0, 10)
0
10
x
V = (0, 10)
c y = x2 +
1
--2
y = x2 + 3 e y = x2 + 9 f y = x2 8
i narrower
ii moved down
i wider
ii moved up
i wider
ii moved up
i wider
ii moved down
i the same
ii moved down
f i narrower
y
0
y
10 V = (0, 10)
b y = x2
ii moved down
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
1
3
4
4
3
iii 1--2
5 a ii
b vii
c iv
d x
e v
f ix
g i
h xi
i viii
j xii
k vi
l iii
6 a ii y = x2
b ii y = x2 1
c ii y = x2
d ii y = x2 + 3
7 b 80 m
c 43.2 m
d Approximately 4.1 seconds.
8 a to c Teacher to check.
d i parabola
ii 100 m2
iii 10 m 10 m
ANSWERS
649
Exercise 11-08
d i
ii
iii
iv
v
(Diagrams not to scale.)

1 a
y
0
5
0
1
1 3_ x
iii x = 1 1---
0
0
1_
2
(112_ , 30)
e i Approx. 4.2, 1.2

ii 21
(3, 14)
20
Approx. 0.7, 6.7

5
y
x=3
(3, 14)
Down
5
21
iv ( 1 --1- , 30)
2
v Down
Exercise 11-09
c
1 a x=3
d x = 1
3 0
15
10
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
e x=
x=3
x=3
x=3
x=4
x=4
x = 4
x=4
ii ( --1- , 1 --1- )
1 2_
3
e (1, 1)
f ( 1 --1- , 3 --1- )
2
4, 10
40
x=3
(3, 49)
Up
4
(0.7, 1.55)
0
40
b i 0, 3
ii 0
None
4
x = 0.7
(0.7, 1.55)
Up
g i
ii
iii
iv
v
b (1, 6)
d (3, 9)
2
f
(4, 13)
c ( 2 1--- , 10 1--- )
4 a i
ii
iii
iv
v
Approx. 0.4, 7.6

y
3
x=4
(4, 13)
3
Up
j i x = --1-
(3, 1)
(3, 0)
(3, 1)
(4, 25)
(4, 9)
(4, 80)
(4, 80)
ii ( 1--- , 1 1--- )
3 a (2, 3)
f i
ii
iii
iv
v
f x=3
h i x = 1--6
2 2 2_
1 1--2
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
c x = 2 1---
b x=0
h i
ii
iii
iv
v
10 x
(3, 49)
0, 4
0
x=2
(2, 8)
Down
(2, 8)
4 x
iii x = 1 1--2
iv ( 1 1--- , - 2 1--- )
v Up
3 x
1_
(12 , 2 14_)
i 1 1--- , 2
iii x = 1 3--4
y
5
1 0
650
iv
c i None
ii 4
iii x =
5 x
3--4
( 34_, 2 78_ )
v Up
( 1 3--4
1
--8
v Down
iv ( --3- , 2 7--- )
(134_ , 18_)
ii 6
112_
Exercise 11-10
f i
1 a y = 3x3 is narrower than y = x3

b y = 3x3 is narrower than y = 2x3
c y = 0.5x3 is narrower than y =
1 3
--- x
4
d y = 2x3 is narrower than y = x3

e y=
3x3
is narrower than y =
(1, 2)
1--- x3
5
1 3
-x
f y = 10x3 is narrower than y = ----10
2 a i
ii y = 54
g i
y
(4, 5)
y
0
ii y = 108
b i
d
ii y = 81
h i
(1, 5)
y
0
x
0
x
y
e
ii y = 54
c i
ii y = 81
i
0
(2, 4)
x
x
f
ii y = 9
d i
(4, 4)
3 a
b
c
d
e
ii
i
i
i
i
i
y = 6.75
narrower
wider
wider
wider
same
f i narrower
2 a i
f iv
ii y = 162
e i
b v
g viii
x
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
moved down 1
moved up 3
moved up 4
moved down 4
moved down 3
ii moved down
c vii
h ix
d iii
i ii
1
--2
e vi
(3, 4)
Exercise 11-11
1 a
(1, 4)
x
0
ii y = 13.5
y
(1, 1)
x
0
ANSWERS
651
Exercise 11-12
Exercise 11-13
4
3
y = 5x
y = 3x
1 a
(1, 4)
y = 2x
1
0
2 1
y = 3x
(1, 3)
c x2 + y2 =
y = 3x
4 x
4
b i y=
3 x
ii y =
3 a
(1, 2)
x
y
ax
2
y = 2x
1
1
1
2
1
2
12
x
12
y = 3x
1
0
3 2 1
1
y = 3x
(1, 5)
8
y
(1, 2)
c y = 2x and y = 3x are reections of

y = 2x and y = 3x in the x-axis.
d y = a x
4 a increasing
b decreasing
c increasing
d decreasing
8 x
8
x
y
5
y
(1, 2)
1
5 x
5
x
(1, 10)
652
5 a
1
1
(1, 4)
0
3 2 1
1
y = 2x
2
d x2 + y2 = 7
2 1
1
--9
3 (Diagrams not to scale.)
1
--2
h Centre (0, 0), r = 6

i Centre (0, 0), r = 5
2 a x 2 + y 2 = 144
b x 2 + y 2 = 25
y
4
Centre (0, 0), r = 3

Centre (0, 0), r = 10
Centre (0, 0), r = 7
Centre (0, 0), r = 20
Centre (0, 0), r = 3
Centre (0, 0), r = 16
g Centre (0, 0), r =
b 1
c For y = ax where a = 2, 3 or 5, as a
increases the graph increases more
rapidly as x becomes larger.
2 a
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
3 i
y = 5 2x
11
(2, 3)
11
11 x
y = 2x
x
y = 12 2x
11
1
Exercise 11-14
1 a
f
k
2 a
f
k
3 a
H
L
P
vii
i
v
b
g
l
b
g
l
P
H
E
xii
iv
ix
c
h
m
c
h
L
L
Q
x
ii
d
i
n
d
i
E
P
L
xi
vi
e
j
o
e
j
0.5
g
L
L
C
viii
iii
53
ii The asymptote for each graph is y = 0,

the x-axis.
4 a
(5, 3)
0
(2, 5)
40
x
3
4
0
5
0
b
2 3 4
y
y
12
x
(1, 1)
112
12
12 x
12
(2, 25)
5 a i
Power plus
1 i
4 2 0
2
(2, 11)
y=0
0
47
4 x
0 2
4 2
2
4 x
y = 2
ii For y = + 1 asymptote is y = 1.
For y = 5x asymptote is y = 0.
For y = 5x 2 asymptote is y = 2.
2 a Centre (1, 2), r = 6
y
4
4 2 0
2
5x
(5, 3)
4 x
ii
0
0
y
y=1
y
4
2
y = 5x + 1
y = 5x
y = 5x 2
5 x
45
b Centre (4, 3), r =
4
iii
y
6
4
2
ANSWERS
653
b i x = 0, y = 1
iii x = 0, y = 3
6 a
ii x = 0, y = 2
b i x = 1, y = 0
iii x = 3, y = 0
8 a
ii x = 1, y = 0
Chapter 11 review
1 a Ben, his graph is steeper
b Ben 20 km/h, Anita 16 km/h
c 1 h 22.5 min
2
Semi-circle
Centre (0, 0)
Radius 4
b
2 x
Distance
Time
3 a i Time
ii Distance
b Teacher to check.
4 a ii
b iii
c i
y
5
0
1
5 a i
Semi-circle
Centre (0, 0)
Radius 5
c
2 12
2 0
ii
8
2 12
Semi-circle
Centre (0, 0)
Radius 2
9 a
(1, 1)
y
2
7 a i
2 12
iii
4
0
2 x
y
8
2
y
2
ii
2 x
2
0
y = x2
3
0
y
2
iii
x
3
654
2 x
y = 4x2
x
1 2
y = __
10 x
7 a
ii (1, 7)
9 a i x=1
y = 4x2 1
ii (1 1--- , 14 3--- )
y = 14 x2 1
c i x = 4
ii (4, 40)
10 a
y = 2x3
(2, 4)
b i x = 1 1---
x
0
y = x3
Both have the same vertex (0, 1) and

axis of symmetry x = 0. y = 4x2 1 is
narrower than y = 1--- x2 1. Both are
4
concave up.
(5, 8)
y
13 a
(1, 4)
x
y = 3 12 x2
y = 3 2x2
Both have the same vertex (0, 3) and

axis of symmetry x = 0. y = 3 2x2 is
narrower than y = 3 1---x2. Both are
2
concave down.
y = 12 x3
11 a
(1, 4)
0
1
x
0
decreasing
x-intercepts: 1, 1
y-intercept: 1
(1, 4)
0 1
10 x
x
(2, 38)
20
increasing
(1, 4)
x-intercepts: 2, 10
y-intercept: 20
c
decreasing
(2, 23)
y = x3
8 a
increasing
(2, 1)
y
5
2 12
x-intercepts: 0, 2 --12
y-intercept: 0
12 a
14 a Centre (0, 0), radius 10

c
15 a
e
i
y
(1, 3)
b Centre
(0, 0), radius 5

Centre (0, 0), radius 7
ix
b vii
c vi
i
f iv
g viii
v
j xi
k x
d ii
h iii
l xii
Mixed Revision 4
1 Teacher to check.
2 a
4
--6
2
--3
ANSWERS
3
--6
1
--2
655
3
--6
1
--2
3 a
4
--5
b i
2
--3
ii
1
--3
y
5
4
3
2
1
4 a
Number 10 20 30
of trials
50
80
100
200
400
1000
Number
of heads
29
41
51
109
214
511
P(H)
10 15
0.6 0.5 0.5 0.58 0.5125 0.51 0.545 0.535 0.511
b The theoretical probability is the expected probability, whereas the

probabilities in the table are based on an experiment. The
experimental probability will approach 0.5 as the number of trials is
increased.
5 a
1
-----12
1
--6
1 2 3 4 5
2
3
16 C
y
4
3
2
1
17
6 0.8
7 a
1
-----26
3
-----13
12
-----13
1
-----36
4
--9
5
--6
5
-----36
35
-----36
1
--4
1
--2
1
--4
11
-----36
5
--6
28
--------121
56
--------121
49
--------121
105
--------121
8 B
9 a
f
10 a
11 a i
b
ii
5
--8
25
-----64
c i
12
3
--8
27
--------512
ii
135
--------512
iii
125
--------512
iv
387
--------512
1
--2
13 a
4 3 2 11 0 1 2 3 4 x
2
3
4
1
--8
3
--8
18 a Naim; Naims graph is steeper than Jennas.

b Naim is stationary.
c 6
d 6 km/h
19 a C
20 a i
7
--8
ii (0, 3)
14 B
y
3
2
1
15 a
3
0
3 2
1 2 3 4 5
b i
2
3
4
5
c i
ii (0, 2)
2
0
1 2 3
2
3
4
5
656
ii (0, 2)
3
2
1
3 2
0
2
(1, 4)
d i
1
1
0
ii (0, 1)
e i
27 a
ii (0, 4)
y
(1, 3)
4
4 (2, 6)
0
f i
(1, 7)
21 y = x2 + 3 is the graph of y = x2 moved up 3

units (along the y-axis)
22 Speed on the journey away from home
increases then decreases to a stop. The
journey begins again towards home,
increasing before decreasing and nally
stopping without reaching home.
23 x-intercepts are
y
2, 7.
y-intercept is
14.
7 x
14
24 a i x = 3---
ii ( 3--- , 1--- )
3
--4
ii
c i x=0
d i x=
3
---,
4
1 --18-
ii (0, 10)
5
--4
1 --1-, 1 --1-
4
8
ii
6 a
c
7 a
b
8 a
c
9 a
(1, 6)
23
28 a Independent variable is distance,

dependent variable is amount of fuel.
b Independent variable is air leaking out,
dependent variable is diameter.
c Independent variable is number of
people, dependent variable is cost.
d Independent variable is temperature,
dependent variable is height.
29 a vii b vi
c v
d xii e iii
f x
g ii
h iv
i xi
j i
k ix
l viii
30 a Centre (0, 0), r = 6 units
b Centre (0, 0), r = 1 unit
c Centre (0, 0), r = 1--- unit
3
1 a k = 6 1--2
b y = 10
c m = 7 1---
d k = 3 3---
e x = 3
f y = 5
g x = 11, 2
h y = 1 2--- or y =
1
_
( 16_ , -412
)
b 2.5
b $935.88
1
--2
11 x
33
1
2 2_
26 a i
1 1
---,
2
2 1
---, 21 1
---
3
3
iii 5
ii 1 1---
0
ii 1--- , 5
3
23
c x = 50.3, = 12.2
11 a 9 2
b 7 2
c 7 3 15 2
3 5
---------5
12 a i
3+ 2
----------------2
ii
b i 172
2 5
---------------3
iii
ii 1 + 9 3
iii 98 + 24 10
13 a 270
b i 0.15
ii 0.19
iv 0.47
v 0.72
14 a y 1,
iii 0.47
b x < 1 1--- ,
2
c x < 3,
15 a 19.1 m
b 10.6 m
c 4.8 cm
16 a In ABD and ACD:
AB = AC (given)
AD is common
ADB = ADC = 90 (AD BC)
ABD ACD (RHS)
b i BD = CD (matching sides of
AD bisects BC
ii BAD = CAD (matching angles
AD bisects BAC
17 a 396 mm2 b 476 mm2 c 792 mm2
d 3750 mm2 e 785 mm2 f 6792 mm2
18 a x =
iii 9
b i
(4, 49)
x
b
c 27.5
c $1597.98
5 a
(114_ , 3 18_)
b m = 1, p = 1
2 C
3 a 4
4 a $5618
1
13_ x
2x + 3y + 5 = 0
x + 2y 9 = 0
$4742.40
69%
78.5 cm3
b x = 3.6, = 1.6
General revision
b
d
ii
c
b
10 a x = 63.1, = 10.3
i d = --2- or d = 1 --1-
2x y + 7 = 0
3x + 7y 2 = 0
i $851.20
$1200
7.2 m3
5747.0 cm3
x = 2, y = 2
11
------ , c = 1 -----c a = 1 18
25 a
ii (0, 5)
b i x=
(2, 2)
19 a
1
--4
-7 41
---------------------2
b x=
5
-----32
-1 34
---------------------3
5
-----16
169
--------256
20 a 8145
b 3745
c 14249
21 a 360 498 mm3, 25 700 mm2
b 145 125 mm3, 17 604 mm2
22 a i
13 , m =
2
--3
ANSWERS
ii
40 , m = 1--3
657
iii
13 , m =
2
--3
b i 5, (2 1--- , 1)
40 , m = 1---
iv
ii 9, (2 1--- , 1)
c A parallelogram.
23
113
24 a 32
b 4
2 x
1
--9
1
-----32
Chapter 12
Start up
1 a
d
2 a
d
SSS
AAS
SSS
SSS
b
e
b
e
SAS
SAS
AA
SAS or AA
c
f
c
f
RHS
AAS
RHS
AA
Exercise 12-01
6 a UC = 4.5 m
(line from the centre is the perpendicular
bisector of the chord and the chords are
equal because they are the same distance
from centre)
b DE = 12 m
(sides opposite equal angles)
c UVO = 58
(angle sum of isosceles ; chords of
equal length subtend equal angles)
d PQ = 30 mm
(Pythagoras: the line from the centre is
the perpendicular bisector of the chord)
e OM = 21 cm
f OD = 18 2
7 a i 52 cm
ii 96 cm
b i 58 cm
ii 8 cm
c 18.4 km
8 a 77 cm
b 34 cm, 20 cm
c i AB = 30 cm
ii area = 840 cm2
d i 52 cm
ii area = 1920 cm2
Exercise 12-02
13
4 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
Teacher to check.
45
112
120
(the angle at the centre; twice
232
the angle at the circumference
40
standing on the same arc)
74
63
104
90 (angle in semi-circle theorem)
48 (angles at the circumference of
36 a circle standing on the same
30 arc are equal)
658
m 23 (angle in semi-circle,
n 9
angle sum triangle)

o 45
p 63 (opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral are supplementary)
q 75 (exterior angle of cyclic
r 88 quadrilateral theorem)
5 a x = 75 (angle at centre theorem)
y = 33 (angles at circumference
theorem)
z = 72 (angle sum triangle)
b x = 108 (angle at centre theorem)
y = 126 (opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral theorem)
z = 252 (angle sum at a point or angle at
centre)
c x = 70 (straight line)
y = 110 (exterior angle cyclic
z = 70 (straight line)
d x = 96 (angle at centre theorem)
y = 42 (base angles of isosceles )
z = 264 (angle sum at a point)
e x = 140 (base angles of isosceles )
y = 70 (angle at centre theorem)
z = 35 (angle sum of isosceles , and
by subtraction)
f x = 62 (angle in semi-circle theorem)
y = 118 (opposite angles of cyclic
z = 31 (base angles of isosceles )
6 a iii WXYZ is a cyclic quadrilateral
because
W + Y = 180 and
X = Z = 180
i.e. opposite angles are
supplementary
b Draw the
A
circumcircle of
A
BCD. We show
that A lies on the
O
circle. Join OB,
OD and let A be a
point on the
B
D
circumference.
C
If A = x, then
BCD = 180 x (given)
Reex BOD = 2 (180 x)
= 360 2x
BOD = 2x
A = x (angle at centre and
circumference of a circle)
A = A (both equal x)
A lies on the circle
A, B, C, D are concyclic.
7 In PBC:
sin P =
where R is the radius of the circumcircle of

ABC
Exercise 12-03
4 a a = 56 (the angle between the radius
and the tangent is a right
angle)
b b = 21 (radius is perpendicular to a
tangent, and Pythagoras
theorem)
c c = 134 (a tangent is perpendicular to
the radius; angle sum of a
quadrilateral)
d g = 67 (alternate segment theorem)
5 a 15 b 5
c 9
d 7
e 20 f 4
6 a x = 7 cm
b i XP = 10 cm
ii AB = 24 cm
Exercise 12-04
1
a
------------sin A
a
------2R
a
------2R
= 2R
Similarly, construction diameters from A

and B,
b
------------sin B
= 2R and
c
------------sin C
= 2R
a
------------sin A
b
------------sin B
c
------------sin C
= 2R
(angles at the
circumference
standing on the
same arc are equal)
RYP = QYS (vertically opposite
angles)
PYR ||| SYQ
but P = A (angles at the circumference

standing on the same arc are
equal)
sin A =
R = Q
P = S
PY
-------YS
RY
-------QY
(ratio of sides opposite

equal angles)
PY YQ = RY YS
ADC = BEC
(opposite angles of a
parallelogram equal)
ADC = CBE
(exterior angle of
cyclic quadrilateral)
CBE is isosceles
as BEC = CBE (base angles equal)
TZY = X (alternate segment
theorem)
X = Y (base angles of isosceles
ZXY (XZ = YZ) )
TZY = Y
now XY || ST as alternate angles TZY and
Y are equal
Construction: Draw a perpendicular from
O to meet DG at P. Since the perpendicular
from the centre to a chord bisects the
chord:
DP = GP and
EP = FP
DE = DP ED
= GP FP
= FG
THJ = HIJ (alternate segment
theorem)
THJ = HPI (equal alternate angles)
HIJ = HPI
In HIP and HJI
HIJ = HPI (proved above)
IHJ = IHP (common angles)
HIP ||| HJI (equiangular)
HIP = HJI (third pair of equal
angles in similar
triangles)
In UVX and UWX,
UXV = 90 = UXW (angle in a semicircle, straight line)
UV = UW
(given)
UX is common
UVX UWX (RHS)
VX = VW (matching sides in congruent

triangles)
circle bisects base of triangle
7 Let QRP = x
(alternate segment
theorem)
SRP = x
(PR bisects QRS)
PSQ = x = QRP (angles at the
circumference standing
on the same arc)
PQS = x = SRP (angles at the
circumference standing
on the same arc)
PQS = PSQ = x
SPQ is isosceles because base angles
PQS and PSQ are equal
8 Now AP 2 = YP PX (intersecting tangent
and secant theorem)
and BP 2 = YP PX (intersecting tangent
and secant theorem)
AP 2 = P 2
AP = P
9 Join APX and BQX
In XPQ and XAB
X is common
XPQ = XAB (corresponding angles)
XQP = XBA (corresponding angles)
XPQ ||| XAB (AAA)
XP
-------XA
but XP =
1
--2
(1, 3)
y
y = x2
x
0
y
y=
x 2
(1, 2)
x
0
y
y = x3
y
3
PQ
-------AB
1
--2
PQ
-------AB
1
--2
y=x+2
(ratio of sides opposite

equal angles in similar
s)
XA (radius half diameter)
PQ =
1 a
PQ
-------AB
1
--- XA
2
----------XA
Exercise 13-01
3 a
(2, 5)
10 Let PTX = a
R = a (alternate segment
theorem)
now QTY = a (vertically opposite
angles)
S = a (alternate segment
theorem)
R = S = a
PR || SQ because alternate angles R and
S are equal.
(2, 4)
(1, 3)
x2
y2
=1
2
x
4 a x = 5---
(2, 6)
b x = 5--- or x = 2
3
--5
c x = 0 or x = 10
d x = 0 or x =
e x = 1 or x = 5
f x = 10 or x = 12
g x = 2 or x = 3---
h x = 5--- or x = 2
i x = 3 or x =
Chapter 13
1 a 13
b 3
c 12
2 a (x 4)(x + 4)
b x(x 4)(x + 4)
c 3(x 3)(x + 3)
d 3x(x 3)(x + 3)
e (x 5)(x + 3)
f (x + 8)(x 3)
g (x 2)(2x + 5)
h x(x 10)(x + 7)
i (x 5)(x + 5)(x 2)(x + 2)
Start up
y = 21 x 3
AB
3
--2
y
(2, 11)
ANSWERS
659
0
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
x
3
30
2 a i 3, 2, 2
ii 12
h i 2, 1, 3
iii
(2, 8)
2 5 x
0
i
iii
ii 12
iii
(3, 7)
3 2 1
b i 1, 0, 2
3 a i 2, 1, 2
ii 4
y
4
iii
c i 1, 1, 3
x
2
ii 3
b i 1, 0, 3
ii 0
iii
d i 1, 4, 5
ii 20
iii
0
x
0 1
x
c i 1, 1, 3
20
(3, 5)
ii 6
y
6
iii
1 0
0
4
ii 3
iii
e i 3, 2, 1
3 2 1
f i 0, 3, 6
iii
(2, 8)
3 x
ii 0
ii 0
iii
6
x
g i 3, 2, 5
660
x
d i 6, 0, 1
3 x
(1, 3)
2 x
(2, 1)
iii
3 x
ii 0
1
y
12
0 2
1
12
iii
3
ii 30
1
x
x
e i 4, 1, 1
ii 4
c x-intercepts are 2 and 3

y-intercept is 18
iii
4
x
f i 2, 0, 3
1
0
3 x
ii 0
1
--2
d x-intercepts are
, 2
y-intercept is 4
y = x5 2
y
4
3
x
2
g i 6, 1, 2
13 a
b
c
d
e
f
ii 4
Exercise 13-02
6
1 1
4
1 a v
f i
b viii
g vi
c ix
h iv
2 a
d iii
i ii
y = (x 2)2
4
h i 4, 1, 4
ii 48
y = x2
iii
48
4x
y=
4 a x-intercepts are 2, 1 and 1 --12

y-intercept is 6
y y = 3x2 + 1
3x2
1
x
y
c
6
2
y
2
y = x3
y = x3 + 2
x
e vii
(1, 1)
Move up 4 units
Move right 5 units
Move left 3 units
Move up 4 units
Move right 3 units
Move left 2 units
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
(3, 4)
(5, 12)
(2, 4)
(3, 1)
(9, 12)
(1, 3)
(6, 1)
(5, 8)
(0, 0)
(2, 1)
(2, 0)
i (4, 3)
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
5
13
5
1
15
2
1
4
11
1
8
ii 2 --12
m i (3, 4)
ii 5
n i (0, 1)
ii
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
1
--3
x2 + y2 = 16
(x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 9
x2 + (y + 11)2 = 4
(x + 3)2 + (y 2)2 = 100
(x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 1
(x 7)2 + y2 = 81
(x + 6)2 + (y 2)2 = 5
(x + 1)2 + y2 = 8
y
2
1
0
2
0
y = x5
(1, 0)
Exercise 13-03
3 a
b x-intercept is 1
y-intercept is 1
iii
y = (x 1)4
1
2
iii
y = x4
18
x
y = 2(x + 2)4
y = 2x4
ANSWERS
661
g
i
k
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
y
2
3
(2, 3)
Yes, not monic

h No
Yes, monic
j No
Yes, monic
l Yes, not monic
i 5
ii 9
iii 1
i 5
ii 6
iii 3
i 2
ii 11
iii 10
i 1
ii 6
iii 0
i 5
ii 7
iii 3
i 0
ii 9
iii 9
i 6
ii 1
iii 11
h i 1
2
(1, 1)
i 3
j i 4
3 a 17
d 7 25
(3, 4)
y
(1, 0)
3
5 x
y
x
0
2
(2, 2)
4 a (3, 1), r = 5
c (2, 5), r = 6
e (2, 4), r = 5
g (3, 10), r = 9
b (4, 2), r = 7
d (10, 6), r = 1
f (6, 3), r = 4
h (4, 1), r = 2 3
Exercise 13-04
1 a
c
e
g
i
k
(0, 0) and (1, 1)

(3, 3), (2, 4)
(3, 0), (0, 3)
(1, 3), (3, 1)
(8, 1), (1, 8)
(2, 3), (6, 1)
b
d
f
h
j
l
(1, 1) (3, 9)
(2, 0) (1, 3)
(1, 3), (1, 3)
( 4, 3), (3, 4)
(3, 9), (1, 1)
(12, 5), (5, 12)
2 a ( 2 --2- , 3 --1- )
5
b The algebraic method is more accurate.
Exercise 13-05
1 a Yes, not monic
c Yes, monic
e No
662
iii 22
iii 0
ii 2 2
b 1
iii 8
c 7
ii
1 a
e
2 a
f
e 5--8
c 0
d 13 5 3
e 14
g 56
h 7
b No
d Yes, not monic
f Yes, monic
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
2 a
c
e
3 a
c
e
g
h
(3x 1), R = 3
b (x + 7), R = 14
(3x3 + 14x2 2x + 21), R = 42
(4x + 6), R = 17
(2x 1)(3x + 2)
(2x 1)(x2 + x + 1)
(2x 1)(4x + 7)
(2x 1)(3x2 + 2x + 1)
(2x 1)(x3 3x2 4x + 2)
(2x 1)(x3 x + 3)
(2x 1)(3x2 + 1)
(2x 1)(4 3x x5)
Exercise 13-08
47
-----64
5
b 181
c
7
f 1709 g
54 b 2
c 14
174 g 0
h 6
1
16
d 2
i 1
1 a B, C
b B, C
d A, B, C
e A, B
2 Teacher to check.
3 a x(x + 2)(x + 4)
b x(x 2)(x + 1)
c (x 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)
d (x 2)(2x 1)(x + 4)
e (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)
f (x 2)(x + 8)(x 5)
g (x 6)(x + 1)(3x 1)
h (x 2)(3x + 1)(2x 1)
i x2(2x 1)(x 2)
j (x 3)(2x + 1)(2x + 3)
9x3 + 8x2 + 6x 2
3x4 + 2x3 3x2 2x
4x2 3x 2
x4 3x3 5x2 + 4
x6 + 2x5 + 11x4 + 10x3 + 25x2
6x4 + x3 2x2 + 2x + 11
7x6 + x5 3x4 x3 + 2x2
7x4 16x3 48x2 + 6x + 4
6x3 8x2 + 4x + 6
4x4 8x3 + 5x2 + x 2
x2 + 11x 1
b x2 3x 5
x2 + 3x + 5
d 2x2 + 26x 5
4x3 + 25x2 13x 6
x2 + 7x + 3
b x2 + 4x 15
3x2 + 11x + 6
d 3x2 15x + 3
3x2 7x 15
f 2x2 15x + 9
4x3 + 9x2 + 24x 54
8x3 62x2 + 99x
4 a x = 4,
c x = 2,
1
--- , 3
2
5
--- , 3
2
c A
b x = 4
d x = 5
e x = 4, 3, 2
g x = 3, 2, 3
f x = 7, 0, 2
h x = 2, 1, 4
i x = 4, 1, 5
j x = --1- , 1, 3
k x=
1
--4
2
--3
l x=3
,1
Exercise 13-10
b 24 21 2
4 a x2 7x + 6
c x = 6, x = 1
5 a x3 + 4x2 5x 20
1 a
b 2 38
c x = 5, x = 0, x = 1
Exercise 13-07
1 a x2 + 7x + 4 = (x + 2)(x + 5) 6
b x2 6x + 2 = (x 3)(x 3) 7
c 4x2 + 3x + 10 = (x 1)(4x + 7) + 17
d 8x2 + 9x + 11 = (2x + 1)(4x + 2 1--- ) + 8 1--2
e x3 + 6x2 + 5x 4
= (x 3)(x2 + 9x + 32) + 92
f 4x3 + 2x2 + x
= (x + 4)(4x2 14x + 57) 228
g 2x3 x2 + 5x + 3
= (x + 6)(2x2 13x + 83) 495
h 3x3 x2 + 11
= (x + 2)(3x2 7x + 14) 17
i x5 x4 + 8x3 + 2x2 x 1
= (x + 1)(x4 2x3 + 10x2 8x + 7) 8
j x4 x2 10
= (x + 3)(x3 3x2 + 8x 24) + 62
d 179
h 1
e 12
j 115
Exercise 13-09
Exercise 13-06
1
--3
b 3
4 a 1
ii --5-
2 a
c
d
3 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
1
2
3
4x
2 x
24
y
1
x
0
1
1_
2
5 4
x
3
x
20
1 2
x
5
8
2
1
12
6 x
4 x
64
3 x
1 0
64
y
2x
0
32
x
48
y
4
36
2 a
4x
0
4
3 2
2x
1 0
x
2
0 1
3 x
0
g
3 a
1
1
2 4
64
2 0
18
0
1_
2
8
4
2 x
ANSWERS
663
Exercise 13-11
1 a i y = P(x)
iii
1 0
2
2
x
iv
1 0
y = P(x) 3
y = P(x) 3
y = 2P(x)
0
9
y = P(x)
18
2 Teacher to check.
3 Teacher to check.
2 1 0
1 2
y = P(x)
y = P(x)
Chapter 14
Start-up
y
1 a
iii
y = P(x)
1 0
2
y
y = P(x)
y = P(x)
1 0
1 0
2
y = P(x 3)
y = P(x)
iv
y = P(x)
0
1
1 0
x
y = P(x)
y = 2P(x)
d i
3
y
y
y = P(x)
9
0
9
664
y = 2P(x)
y = P(x)
y = P(x)
ii
ii
y = P(x)
3 x
12
y = 2P(x)
y = P(x)
0
9
4
c i
b i
y = P(x)
1 0
9
y = P(x)
iv
iii
y = P(x)
iii y = P(x)
iv
ii y = P(x)
y = P(x)
5
y = P(x) 3
2
y = P(x)
ii
1 0
2
2
0
y = P(x)
3
y = P(x)
3
x
2 a
Exercise 14-03
(2, 8)
(1, 3)
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
1
x
(1, 4)
0 1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
3 x 3
4 x 0
x0
x 1
x 1
No restrictions
No restrictions
No restrictions
No restrictions
No restrictions
No restrictions
No restrictions
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
0y3
0y4
y5
y0
y 3
y = 3
y>0
y=3
y > 2
1 y 1
y 4
0<y4
2 a
(1, 4)
x
0
y
5 a x = --1- y + 1---
b x=
c x= y3
6 a 2.47
b 3.83
c 1.58
1
x
0 1
3
--y
1
0
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
b
f
b
f
j
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
c
g
c
g
k
d 3.31
i All x
Exercise 14-01
1 a
e
2 a
e
i
3 a
(1, 4)
ii All y
b
No
No
No
No
Yes
d
h
d
h
l
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
1
1
Exercise 14-02
(1, 1)
x
1 a i 6
b i 2
c i 12
1
--7
d i
7
--2
h i 2
2 a i 16
ii
(1, 2)
1
iii
iii 1
iii 2
ii 0
iv x =
iii
5
--2
1
--2
(1, 2)
3
i x0
3
--0
has no value.
7 a 8
b 11
c 40
d 3k 4 2k2 + 3
8 a 26
b 7
c 1 + y3 d 2y3
(1, 2)
1
x
ii y 0
ii 4
c x = 1 or x = 3
d Teacher to check. e
b x = 7.5
1 has no value. d x = 1---
6 a i 4
b 8
ii y > 0
i All x
3
--2
b Teacher to check. c x = 1
2
ii 6
iii 1
ii 14
iii 6x + 16 iv x = 2
ii --1-
iii 1
1
--2
ii y 1
i All x
3 a i 11
ii 15
iii 10
b 9 2x c 2
d x = 16 e x = 3
4 a i 11
ii 4
iii 20
5 a
1
--3
ii 1
iv t = 2 or t =
y
1_
2
4 a
iii 1
f i 3
c i 5
ii 1
ii
b i 4
iii 0
iii 1
iii 0
e i 27
g i
0
1
ii 2
ii 2
ii 0
1
2
i All x
ANSWERS
ii All y
665
y
2
iv
(2, 8)
i All x
1 a
(1, 2)
y = f(x) is moved up 1 unit

y = f(x) is moved down 3 units
y = f(x) is moved 2 units to the right
y = f(x) is moved 1 unit to the left
5 a
y
3
0
2 a
0
y
b i
ii
0
2
b i
(1, 3)
x
3
1
y
iii
iv
0
1
y
ii
(1, 1)
0
(2, 1)
y y = 3x
y = _x3
ii y = 2 _x y
4
x
0
c i
3
0
f 1(x)
y
1
y
b i
ii
x
0
y= x
2
0
d i f 1(x) =
x
ii
iii
1 0
1
1x
x+5
-----------2
0
0
y = x3
x+5
y = __
2
(2, 1)
666
ii
iii
y = 8 4x
3 a
b i y = 8 4x
3
1 b, c, h
2 a i f 1(x) = 3x
vi
0
1
Exercise 14-05
ii
4x
1
-10
c i
ii
iii
iv
ii All y
Exercise 14-04
0
2
4 a
y = 2x 5
e i f 1(x) =
2x
y = 2_____
3
y
ii
6 a logm x + logm y + logm z

b logm a +logm b logm c
c logm a (logm b + logm c) or
logm a logm b logm c
d logm a + logm (x + y)
b f 1(x) = y = 2 x
2 2x
---------------3
2
0
x
y = (2 x)
f i y=
3x
__
2
1 a
f
k
2 a
ii
+3
_____
y = 2x
2
0
3
_____
y = 2x
2
1
log2 ----16
k log9 27 =
3 a 125 =
e 64 =
3
c f 1(x) =
= 53
2
x
1
-----81
1
--2
= 1--2
101
= 3 4
1
---
2 = 86
3
---
j 5 5 = 52
l
1
--------100
1
--2
= 100 1
b 3
c 2
d 1
f 2
g 4
h 4
b 2
c 1
d 3
e 3
f 2
g 1
y = (x + 3)
j
4 a
d
g
5 a
c
e
g
logx 1--4
logx 1--5
1
--2
l 4
c logx 8
f logx 10
i logx 12
logx 2
1.2042
b 2.6021
c 3.6021
0.30105
e 0.3979
f 2.2042
0.3979
h 0.80105
a+b
b a+b+c
2b + c
d c (a + b)
2c + a + b
f a
b+c
-----------2
i (a + c) 2b
y 1--- logm x
2
6 a i 1.3010 ii 2.7973
iii 3.7345
iv 0.9138 v 0.3979
vi 0.1192
b, c, d Teacher to check.
Exercise 14-09
1 a
d
g
2 a
c
e
g
i
k
k = 10
b m=8
c d = 10
x = 2.5
e y = 4.5
f a = 3.5
k = 1.5
h n = 1.5
i d = 2.75
x = 1.425
b x = 2.227
x = 2.519
d x = 0.943
x = 0.428
f x = 0.661
x = 7.555
h x = 0.107
x = 1.121
j x = 1.011
y = 0.975
l k = 2.069
3 a x=2
d x = 1---
2 a 1
i --1- (logm x logm y) or
i 3
j 2
k 1
3 a logx 30
b logx 5
d logx 2
e logx 40
5 a
logm x 3 logm y
Exercise 14-08
d 8 2 = 23.5
26
1 a 7
d f 1(x) = x + 3
1
--2
= 2
1
log6 -----6
1
--2
1
--- logm
2
Exercise 14-07
1
--9
j log16 4 =
1
---
y = x2 3, x 0
f log3
b 10 =
k 2 = 83
y = (x + 3)
x
d log25 5 =
i 10 = 100 2
y = x2 3, x 0
y
1
--4
3
--2
1
---
x+3
1
--------125
e 5
j 8
h log10 0.01 = 2
53
c 27 =
d 4
i 6
b log4 64 = 3
2
--3
2 =
i log4
b No.
c 2
h 2
= 4
g log8 4 =
b The graph of f(x) = 2 x is itself
symmetrical about the line y = x.
2
b 3
3
g 3
6
l 3
log5 25 = 2
c log10 10 000 = 4
4 a
Exercise 14-06
2x + 3
---------------2
(logm a + logm x)
f (logm x + logm y) or logm x logmy

g 2 logm x logm y
c x2
y=1
1
--2
g x=
5
--4
b x=
5
--3
c x=
e x=
7
--2
-----f x = 13
6
h x = 2
4 a x=8
b x = 1000
1
--3
1
-----25
d x=
e x=
g x=
1
-----------1000
h x = 16 2
i x=
1
---------10
j x=
1
--8
k x = 128
l x=
1
-----25
c x=
1
--2
5 a x=2
d
g
j
6 a
7 a
c
b x=
81
-----16
c x=
1
-----64
1
--5
f x = 32
x = 0.1
e x = 256
f x=2
x = 3.915 h x = 23.04 i x = 3.846
x = 6.687 k x = 1.682 l x = 19.180
11.89 12 years b 22.43 23 months
A 106 g
b t = 20 days
t 58 days
d Teacher to check.
h (a + c)
j
5
--4
(b c)
ANSWERS
667

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16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 612 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

10 Any number greater than

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34

and less than

(to the nearest second)

213 2 ----minutes or 2 minutes 11 seconds

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 613 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 614 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 615 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

ii Length of side is divided by 2

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 616 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 617 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

has been multiplied

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 618 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

i y = -14 --12 1--2

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 619 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 620 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

4 a 92, 93, 94, 95

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

m = 63 (vertically opposite angles)

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 621 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 9:02 AM

h 2p = 130 (exterior angle of an isosceles

CDE is an isosceles triangle (two

x= 180 54 = 126 (angle in straight

13 LMN = LNM (equal angles of isosceles

(LP bisects KLN)

[180 (180 2x)] (angle

sum of isosceles DCE)

c 128 --4- d 174

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 622 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

d i AD = AC (equal radii of circle,

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

3 a ABD = CDB (alternate angles,

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 623 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

c AXB + AXC = 180 (angles on a line)

Note: A pair of co-interior angles have a

WV || XY and VY || WX (alternate angles

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 624 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

b A and B, --5- . Also A and D, 1 --1- . Also B

and DCE = BCA (vertically opposite)

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

(ratio of matching sides)

Since Q is the midpoint of PM.

(matching sides are in the

(matching sides in the same

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 625 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

CXD: CD2 = CX2 + DX2 (3)

ADB = BAD = 30 (angle sum of

(180 x) (angle sum of

sum of isosceles FGY)

12 In ACD and ABC:

Also DAC = CAB (included angles

(matching pairs of sides in

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 626 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

b Prove NMA = PQB (SAS)

g 11 years 156 days h 2 --1- years

N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 1 0 : S T AGE S 5.2/ 5.3

16_NCM10extSB_ans Page 627 Thursday, May 18, 2006 11:01 AM

(matching sides of similar