Assignment 2

February 8, 2014
The problems in this assignment are design problems. Please note: I have not solved Q2 - Q7! I believe they are easy to solve, but it is quite possible that you will nd that I have given an absurd problem. Dont panic. Except for Q1, the designs all involve single terminated ladder networks. Q1 is a double terminated network with both a source and load resistance. Incidentally Prof. Nagendra tells me that these days single terminated designs are in vogue since it is possible to generate nearly ideal current sources. 1. A lter is to be designed with Zin (s) = Implement this lter by long division to get 2s3 + 2s 2 + 2s + 1 2s 2 + 2s + 1

1 1H Zin 1F 1H 1

This lter is a third order Butterworth lter when terminated with a matched resistance at both ends. We will not derive the mathematics to generate Zin from the required H (s) in this course. 2. A low pass lter is desired to handle acoustic signals. The cutoff frequency is 3.7 kHz, and the stopband frequency is 4 kHz. The signal should be suppressed by 45 dB by then. The load resistance is 100, which is the Z0 of a category 3, unshielded twisted pair cable. Design a Butterworth lter to achieve this suppression. (the design is not practical, since the required order will be too high) 3. Implement the designed lter in a spice simulator (I use ngspice since it is text based and simple, but you can use pspice or any other program of your choice). Determine V2 I1 and plot it as a Bode plot (the magnitude plot in dB and the phase plot on a common frequency axis that is logarithmic). 4. The acoustic signal in Q2 is going to be sampled at 20 kilo samples per second, and we want the aliasing signal to be suppressed by 45 dB. Following this the signal will be digitally ltered to 3.7 kHz. Design the analog Butterworth lter required to achieve the desired suppression. What are fc , fs and the stopband magnitude? Obtain the desired circuit. Assume delta sampling for this problem. 5. Suppose the component values are 95% accurate. Generate many instances of the lter designed in Q2 and Q4, and obtain the magnitude spectrum. If the requirement is that the lter should meet the specs 66% of the time, can the design in Q4 be adjusted to meet the requirement (for eg, if you go one order higher)? What about Q2? 1

6. How does element accuracy affect the answer in Q5? If the components were 99% accurate, how does the answer change? 7. We want to dene a DVD standard for Indian classical music, which is less demanding than western classical music. We will require better than 60 dB signal to noise suppression with a 15 kHz signal bandwidth. Determine a practical sampling frequency, bits per sample and fc , fs and stopband suppression that will achieve 60 dB SNR. Note that 44 kilo sample per second ADCs (analog to digital converters) with 24 bits per sample are available in computer sound cards these days and very affordable. Work out the quantization noise power - you will nd it to be negligible. You can assume that quantization noise and aliasing are the main noise sources, and that the total noise power is the sum of the power in each.