M.Sc. Biotechnology 2009-2010 M.

Sc Semester-III
MBT- 311: Immunology I Basic immunology 1 Immunology overviews Innate and adaptive immunology, cells and molecules of innate immunity, cardinal; features of adaptive immunity, cell mediated and humoral immunity, theories of immune response, cells and organs of immune system, hematopoieses, MHC, diversity of antibody response, cytokines, molecules involved in cell interactions. 2L Total 45L

Innate immunity: Modes of innate immunity, physical and physiological barriers, phagocytosis, Toll like receptors, inflammation, cytokines in innate immunity, complement system, NK cells, cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity.

2L

Antigens Definition, immunegenecity and antigenecity, immunogenecity, antigenic determinants, factors influencing immunogenicity, T dependent and T independent antigens, superantigens, adjuvants, epitope recognition.

2L

Antibodies Nature of antibodies, molecular structure of antibodies, fragments of antibody molecule, antibody diversity, antigenantibody interactions, membrane bound antibodies, biological function of CH domain classes and subclasses of antibodies and their molecular structure, secretory IgA, antigenic determinants of antibody molecule (allo, iso and idiotypes) immunoglobulin superfamily.

2L

Antigen- antibody interactions: Interaction forces (bonds), antibody affinity, affinity constants, avidity, precipitation in solution and in gel, gel diffusion, complement fixation, immunoelectrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, types of ELISA, chemiluminescence, elispot assay, western blotting, immunefluorescence, immunoperoxidase, immune electron microscopy.

2L

Cells of the immune system: Haematopoiesis, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, CD markers, CD4 and CD8 cells, TH1 and TH2 concept, NK cellsnature and function, macrophages activation, process of phagocytosis and cytokines, other WBCs participating in immune response, dendritic cells.

2L

Organs of the immune system: Primary lymphoid organs, thymus, thymic selection, bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), mucosal immunity, cutaneous lymphoid tissue (CALT).

1L

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) Professional and nonprofessional APCs, properties of macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells as APCs, antigen presentation by class I MHC and class II MHC molecules, pathways of antigen processing and presentation (endogenous and exogenous pathways), presentation of nonpeptide antigens.

2L

B cell maturation, activation and differentiation: Antigen dependent and antigen independent phases of B cell activation, embryonal maturation of B cells, development of B cell receptor, antigen dependent activation, activation by T independent antigens, signaling molecules, corecepr\ikot complex, cytokines in proliferation and differentiation of activated B cells, primary and secondary response, nave and memory B cells, humoral immune response to haptencarrier conjugates, regulation of B cell development.

2L

10

Ig gene rearrangement: Theories to explain diversity in antibody structure, Tonegavas experiments, Ig gene family, germline H and L chain genes, arrangement of gene segments, transcription of H and L chains, rules for VDJ segments joining to explain diversity, allelic exclusion, productive rearrangement, junctional diversity, diversity created by nucleotide additions, somatic hypermutation, class switch, synthesis, assembly and secretion of Ig, regulation of Ig transcription.

2L

11

T cell maturation, activation and differentiation: Zenkerngals hypothesis, stages of T cell maturation , positive and negative selection of T cells thymus, generation of single positive cells, activation of TH cells, T cell signaling, costimulatory molecules and signals, superantigen induced T cell activation, T cell differentiation, immunoregulatroy T cells, apoptosis of T cells.

2L

12

T cell receptor: Self MHC restriction, structure of TCR, / and / TCR, TCR gene organization, mechanism of TCR genes rearrangement, recombination signal sequence, allelic exclusion, assembly of rearranged genes, co receptors (CD3/CD4) and signal transduction, TCRCD3 complex, other membrane molecules involved in cell interactions, alloreactive T cells.

2L

13

Cytokines: General information, functions and attributes of cytokines, biological activities of cytokines, cytokines of innate immunity, cytokines of adaptive immunity cytokines of cascade, cytokines receptors, signaling pathways, cytokine antagonistis, cytokines of TH1 and TH2 cells, cross regulation of T cells subsets of cytokines, cytokines in hematopoiesis, cytokine related diseases, cytokine therapy.

2L

14

Complement system: Classical, altemate and lectin pathways of complement activation, modules of complement system, complement receptors, functions of complement system, deficiencies of complement system, ways adopted by microbes to evade complement mediated damage.

1L

15

Major histocompatibility complex: Historical prespective, in bred strain of mice, classical and nonclassical MHC genes and molecules, organization of MHC gene complex, terms associated with MHC, inheritance of MHC, class I and class II MHC molecules, genetic map of MHC genes, regulation of MHC expression, MHC and disease susceptibility.

2L

16

Cytotoxic effector mechanism in cell mediated immunity: Effector T cells, surface markers involved in activation and effector function, generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, role of TH1 and TH2 cells, mechanism of killing by CTLs, NK cells signaling, NK cell mediated lysis, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), in vitro methods of assessing cell mediated cytotoxicity (MKR and CMC), GVH reaction.

2L

17

Regulation of immune response: Factors governing outcome of immune response, regulation of immune response by antigen, APC, antibodies, TH1 and TH2 cells, cytokines and chemokines, immunologically privileged sites, idotypeanti idotype network, neuroendocrinological control of immune response, genetic control of immune response, modulation of immune response by MHC linked genes.

1L

18

Evolutionary immunology: Cells of invertebrate immune system, defense factors in invertebrates, cytokine network, allograft rejection in invertebrates, evolution of MHC genes, T cells and T cell receptor, B cells and Ig, Ig gene rearrangement, cytokines in lower vertebrates, Xenopus model.

1L

II Applied/ clinical immunology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Monoclonal antibodies and their applications Immunology of bacterial disease Tuberculosis Immunology of viral diseases AIDS Immunology of parasitic diseases Malaria Transplantation immunology Tumor immunology Tolerance and autoimmunity Hypersensitivity (allergy) Inherited immunodeficiency diseases Vaccinology 1L 1L 1L 1L 1L 1L 1L 1L 1L 1L

References: 1. Goldsby A., Thomus J. K., Barbara A. O. and Kuby J. Immunology, 5th eds. 2. Deives P. J Seamus J. M. and Raoitt E. M. (2006) Essential Immunology, 11th eds. Blackwell Publ. 3. Jaeway C. Travers, Walport and Shlomchik Immunobiology 6th eds. Garland Sc. Publ.