Grammar Relative Clauses Relative Clause (Adjectival clause) Clause = S + V +...

adj N The tall man adj clause / relative clause The man who is tall S V Relative ronouns eo le = who / whom / that / whose thin!s = which / that / whose that = eo le" thin!s" su#ject" o#ject That N$T a%ter a comma e! ..." that..." who = eo le he she the& we it ' su#ject which = thin!s whose = eo le and thin!s" ossessive his her their our whom a%ter re ositions e! to whom" with whom where / when / wh& / how whose = its / his / her / their / our Two t& es o% relative clauses( ) *e%inin! / +ssential / 'denti%&in! = the& de%ine or identi%& tellin! us who or which , Non-de%inin! / Non-essential / Non-identi%&in! = the& !ive e.tra in%ormation "... " *e%inin! Su#ject eo le - who / that thin!s - which / that $#ject eo le - whom / that / thin!s - which / that / /ossessive eo le and thin!s - whose Non-de%inin! Su#ject eo le - who thin!s - which $#ject eo le - whom thin!s - which /ossessive eo le and thin!s - whose ) A#raham 0incoln was /resident o% the 1nited States %rom )23) - )234. 5e was assassinated. non-de%inin! S V A#raham 0incoln" he was assassinated" was /resident o% the 1nited States %rom )23) )234. who , 5arr& is late. ' don6t 7now the reason. ' don6t 7now the reason 5arr& is late. wh& 8 9iss Smith is the mana!er. She is ver& hel %ul. non-de%inin!

S V 9iss Smith" she is ver& hel %ul" is the mana!er. who

: 9& watch was stolen. '6ve had it %or ); &ears. non-de%inin! i% ' have onl& one watch S V $ 9& watch '6ve had it %or ); &ears" was stolen. 9& watch" which '6ve had it %or ); &ears" was stolen. de%inin! i% ' have two or more watches S V $ 9& watch '6ve had it %or ); &ears was stolen. 9& watch which '6ve had it %or ); &ears was stolen. 9& watch that '6ve had it %or ); &ears was stolen. 9& watch '6ve had it %or ); &ears was stolen. 4 The& ran out o% etrol miles %rom an&where. This was a disaster. non-de%inin! The& ran out o% etrol miles %rom an&where" which This was a disaster. 3 0et6s !o to a ca%e. <e can listen to !ood music there. de%inin! 0et6s !o to a ca%e where we can listen to !ood music there. = ' don6t 7now that student. >ou were tal7in! to him. de%inin! S V $ ' don6t 7now that student. >ou were tal7in! to him. ' don6t 7now that student whom &ou were tal7in! to him. ' don6t 7now that student that &ou were tal7in! to him. ' don6t 7now that student &ou were tal7in! to him. to whom with whom 2 This is a #oo7. '6d li7e to #u& it. de%inin! S V $ This is a #oo7. '6d li7e to #u& it. This is a #oo7 which '6d li7e to #u& it. This is a #oo7 that '6d li7e to #u& it. This is a #oo7 '6d li7e to #u& it.

S V a '6d love to meet someone. This erson could teach me how to coo7. de%inin! su#ject eo le who / that could teach me how to coo7. '6d love to meet someone This erson could teach me how to coo7. S V # <e6re loo7in! %or a house. 't has %our #edrooms. de%inin! su#ject thin! which / that has %our #edrooms. <e6re loo7in! %or a house it has %our #edrooms. ? S V c <e went to see Romeo and Juliet 't was one o% the #est %ilms '6ve ever seen. non-de%inin! su#ject thin! " which was one o% the #est %ilms '6ve ever seen. <e went to see Romeo and Juliet 't was one o% the #est %ilms '6ve ever seen. S V d *o &ou 7now a sho 't sells second-hand %urniture. de%inin! su#ject thin! which / that sells second-hand %urniture. *o &ou 7now a sho 't sells second-hand %urniture. ossessive e 9aril&n 9onroe 5er real name was Norma @ean Aa7er died o% an overdose o% #ar#iturates. non-de%inin! ossessive " whose..." 9aril&n 9onroe 5er real name was Norma @ean Aa7er died o% an overdose o% #ar#iturates. 9aril&n 9onroe" whose real name was Norma @ean Aa7er" died o% an overdose o% #ar#iturates. S V % ' %ind eo le The& lose their tem er di%%icult to !et on with. de%inin! su#ject eo le who / that ' %ind eo le The& lose their tem er di%%icult to !et on with. ' %ind eo le who / that lose their tem er di%%icult to !et on with. S V $ ! 9& com uter ' #ou!ht it last &ear is alread& out o% date. &ou onl& have one com uter = non-de%inin! o#ject " which..." 9& com uter ' #ou!ht it last &ear is alread& out o% date. 9& com uter" which ' #ou!ht last &ear" is alread& out o% date. S V $ h ' met a !irl >ou went to school with her. de%inin! o#ject eo le whom / that / ' met a !irl >ou went to school with. ' met a !irl whom &ou went to school with. ' met a !irl that &ou went to school with. ' met a !irl &ou went to school with. S V $

i /ro%essor @ames <illiams 9an& eo le consider him to #e the world6s e. ert on #utter%lies will

!ive a tal7 ne.t wee7. non-de%inin! o#ject eo le " whom..." /ro%essor @ames <illiams 9an& eo le consider him to #e the world6s e. ert on #utter%lies will !ive a tal7 ne.t wee7. /ro%essor @ames <illiams" whom man& eo le consider to #e the world6s e. ert on #utter%lies" will !ive a tal7 ne.t wee7. S V $ j ' #ou!ht a ham and ic7le sandwich ' ate it immediatel&. non-de%inin! o#ject thin! "which... . ' #ou!ht a ham and ic7le sandwich ' ate it immediatel&. ' #ou!ht a ham and ic7le sandwich" which ' ate immediatel&. Su#ject he him she her the& them ' m& we us &ou &ou it it $#ject /ossessive + o#ject his en his her en their en theirs m& en our en &our en &ours its en its /ossessive + o#ject hers mine ours

Grammar Unit 9 Relative Clauses p60 Relative clause = Adjectival clause (#ecause the& descri#e) The tall man The man who is tall Relative pronouns: that / who / whom / which..... when / wh& / how / where to whom Defining relative clauses (tell us who / defines The student who is wearin! !lasses and is %rom AraBil = 5alline !on"defining relative clauses (give e#tra information $%%%%%%%%%%%$ 5alline" who is a hardwor7in! student" will ass the CC+ test. &u'(ect relative pronoun (who ' li7e the !irl. She is a !ood dancer. (she D su#ject) ' li7e the !irl who she is a !ood dancer. )'(ect relative pronoun (whom ' li7e the #o&. >ou went to the art& with him. (him D o#ject) ' li7e the #o& whom &ou went to the art& with him. ' met a !irl. >ou went to school with her. (her D o#ject) ' met a !irl whom &ou went to school with her , This is 9r Smith whose son la&s in our team. 8 5er #oo7" which was u#lished last &ear" #ecame a #estseller. : This is the #an7 %rom which we #orrow mone& %rom.

4 The erson who ' told &ou a#out is at the door. 3 @ac7" whose car had #ro7en down" had to ta7e a #us. ' live in the house. The door o% the house is o en. ' live in the house o% which the door is o en. with re!ard to = re!ardin! with res ect to = res ectin! in relation to = relatin! to tri!!ered

a %ew o% the a lot o% (the)