NAJERA VS NAJERA Marriage; annulment. Psychological incapacity must be characterized by (1) gravity (2) juridical antecedence, and ( ) incurability.

!he "oregoing guidelines do not re#uire that a physician e$amine the person to be declared psychologically incapacitated. %n "act, the root cause may be &medically or clinically identi"ied.' (hat is important is the presence o" evidence that can ade#uately establish the party)s psychological condition. *or indeed, i" the totality o" evidence presented is enough to sustain a "inding o" psychological incapacity, then actual medical e$amination o" the person concerned need not be resorted to. %n this case, the +upreme ,ourt agreed -ith the ,ourt o" .ppeals that the totality o" the evidence submitted by petitioner "ailed to satis"actorily prove that respondent -as psychologically incapacitated to comply -ith the essential obligations o" marriage. !he root cause o" respondent)s alleged psychological incapacity -as not su""iciently proven by e$perts or sho-n to be medically or clinically permanent or incurable. Digna A. Najera vs. Eduardo J. Najera, G.R. No. 164817, July , !""#.