International Standard Classifi Cation of Occupations 08

ISCO08
Volume I
International Standard
Classication of Occupations
Structure, group denitions
and correspondence tables
NTERN/T0N/LST/ND/RD
0L/SSF0/T0N0F000UP/T0NS
!5CD-08
\0LUME1
5TPUCTUPE,SPDUPDEF!N!T!DN5
ANDCDPPE5PDNDENCETABLE5
!nleinalional IaLoui Omce Geneva
NTERN/T0N/LST/ND/RD
0L/SSF0/T0N0F000UP/T0NS
!5CD-08
Photocomposed in Switzerland WEI
Piinled Ly lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce, Geneva, Swilzeiland
Copyright International Labour Organization 2012
First published 2012
PuLlicalions ol lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce enjoy coyiigll undei Piolocol 2 ol lle \niveisal Coyiigll Conven-
lion. eveilleless, sloil exceils liom llem may Le ieioduced willoul aulloiizalion, on condilion llal lle souice is
indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permis-
sions), !nleinalional IaLoui Omce, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Swilzeiland, oi Ly email: uLdioililo.oig. Tle !nleinalional
Labour Ofce welcomes such applications.
Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance
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!nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions: !SCO-08 / !nleinalional IaLoui Omce.
Geneva: !IO, 2012
1 v.
!SB 978-92-2-125952-7 (iinl)
!SB 978-92-2-125953-4 (weL dl)
International Labour Ofce
!SCO / occualional classilcalion / occualional desciilion
13.11.1
Tle designalions emloyed in !IO uLlicalions, wlicl aie in conloimily will \niled alions iaclice, and lle iesenla-
lion ol maleiial lleiein do nol imly lle exiession ol any oinion wlalsoevei on lle ail ol lle !nleinalional IaLoui
Ofce concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation
of its frontiers.
Tle iesonsiLilily loi oinions exiessed in signed ailicles, sludies and ollei conliiLulions iesls solely will lleii aullois,
and uLlicalion does nol conslilule an endoisemenl Ly lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce ol lle oinions exiessed in llem.
Reference to names of rms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the Inter-
national Labour Ofce, and any failure to mention a particular rm, commercial product or process is not a sign of
disaioval.
ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local ofces in many
counliies, oi diiecl liom !IO PuLlicalions, !nleinalional IaLoui Omce, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Swilzeiland. Calalogues
oi lisls ol new uLlicalions aie availaLle liee ol claige liom lle aLove addiess oi Ly email: uLvenleilo.oig, oi visil
oui weLsile: www.ilo.oig/uLlns.
ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data
v
Tlis volume iesenls lle sliucluie and delnilions ol all gious in lle !nleinalional Slandaid
Classilcalion ol Occualions 2008 (!SCO-08). !l also includes coiiesondence laLles slowing
lle ielalionsli ol llese gious will llose in lle ievious veision ol lle !nleinalional Slandaid
Classilcalion ol Occualions (!SCO-88), wlicl il sueisedes. Volume 2 iovides an udaled
and exanded index ol occualional lilles and associaled !SCO-08 and !SCO-88 codes.
!SCO-08 was adoled as a iesolulion ol a liiailile Meeling ol Lxeils on IaLoui Slalislics on
udaling lle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions (!SCO), leld 36DecemLei
2007. Tlis meeling was convened Ly lle Goveining Body ol lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce
(!IO) in accoidance will a iesolulion, in 2003, ol lle Sevenleenll !nleinalional Conleience
ol IaLoui Slalislicians (!CIS). Tle iesolulion ol lle Meeling ol Lxeils was endoised Ly lle
Goveining Body in Maicl 2008.
!SCO-08, lile ils iedecessois, las Leen develoed lo lacililale inleinalional comaiison ol
occualional slalislics and lo seive as a model loi counliies develoing oi ievising lleii na-
tional occupational classications. It is fully supported by the international community as an
accepted standard for international labour statistics.
Tle develomenl ol !SCO-08 Lenelled liom accumulaled nalional and inleinalional ex-
eiience. David Hunlei, ol lle !IO Deailmenl ol Slalislics, cooidinaled lle iojecl in col-
laLoialion will exeils liom many counliies and agencies.
Tle !IO is gialelul loi lle invaluaLle advice and guidance iovided Ly llese exeils, in-
cluding memLeis ol lle \niled alions Lxeil Giou on !nleinalional Lconomic and Social
Classilcalions, lle liiailile Meeling ol Lxeils on IaLoui Slalislics and lle Sevenleenll
!CIS. Secial llanls slould go lo memLeis ol lle Teclnical Lxeil Giou loi \daling
!SCO and lle agencies in wlicl lley aie emloyed, loi lle ligl level ol advice, suoil and
diiecl assislance iovided.
Tlanls aie also due lo lle many !IO sla in lle Deailmenl ol Slalislics and elsewleie
wlo conliiLuled lo lle comlelion ol llis volume, in ailiculai lo Adiiana Mala-Gieen-
woodwlo inilialed lle iojecl.
PPEFACE
vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Part!. !ntroductoryandMethodoIogicaINotes
1. Nature, objectives and development of ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Oveiview ol !SCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Main oLjeclives ol !SCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Hisloiical Laclgiound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Oveiview ol lle udaling iocess and consullalions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Scoe ol lle udaling woil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6 Delnilions ol gious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7 !ndex ol occualional lilles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2. Conceptual framework, design, structure and content of ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 \ndeilying concels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Denitions of job and occupation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Skill level and skill specialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Delnilions ol lle loui !SCO slill levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Skill Level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Skill Level 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Skill Level 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Skill Level 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 Alicalion ol lle loui slill levels lo lle !SCO-08 majoi gious . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4 Occualions loi wlicl loimal educalion iequiiemenls diei Lelween counliies . . 15
2.5 Classilcalion sliucluie and code scleme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6 Tlemalic views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.7 Delnilions ol gious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Purpose of the denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Structure and content of the denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3. Major changes between ISCO-88 and ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1 Summaiy ol clanges and lle ieasons loi llem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 Manageiial and sueivisoiy occualions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Managers, senior ofcials and legislators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Supervisory occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3 Piolessional and leclnical occualions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Information and communications technology (ICT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Health services occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CDNTENT5
viii !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions !SCO-08
Arts, entertainment, design and sports occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Engineering professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Specialized administrative occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Sub-major and minor group structures for professional and technical occupations . . 30
3.4 Cleiical, sales and seivices occualions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Ofce clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Occupations involved in the provision of information and services to clients . . . . . . 31
Sales workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Personal and protective services workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Chefs, cooks and food preparation assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.5 Occualions in agiiculluie, loiesliy and lsleiies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.6 Occualions in cialls, ieaii and oeialion ol maclineiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Electrical and electronics trades workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Handicraft workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Printing occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Plant and machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.7 !mioved idenlilcalion ol elemenlaiy occualions and ol occualions
iedominanl in inloimal emloymenl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4. Notes on specic issues and boundary problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1 Puiose ol llese noles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.2 Boundaiy issues aecling a Lioad seclium ol occualions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Occupations with a broad range of tasks and duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Apprentices and trainees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.3 Manageis, sueivisois and oeialois ol Lusinesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Managers and supervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Managers and operators of small businesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Size of the organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.4 Relaled occualions al dieienl slill levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Nursing professionals, associate professionals and personal care workers . . . . . . . . 43
Early childhood educators and child care workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Traditional and complementary medicine professionals and associate professionals 43
Occupations in food preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Domestic housekeepers and domestic cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.5 Boundaiies Lelween occualional gious in agiiculluie, loiesliy and lsleiies. . 45
Agricultural production managers, farmers and farm managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Mixed and specialist crop and animal producers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Market-oriented and subsistence workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Skilled farm workers (Major Group 6) and farm labourers (Major Group 9) . . . . . 47
Operation of farm and forestry machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5. Adapting ISCO-08 for national use and for the production
of internationally comparable data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.1 Scenaiios loi adalalion ol !SCO-08 loi nalional use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.2 Adoling !SCO-08 diieclly loi nalional uioses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.3 Develomenl oi ieview ol a nalional classilcalion Lased on !SCO-08 . . . . . . . . . 50
5.4 Maing nalional occualion classilcalions lo !SCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.5 Coding lo Loll lle nalional occualion classilcalion and !SCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6. Collection and coding of data for classications based on ISCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.1 !nloimalion needed loi coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Contents ix
6.2 Tyes ol queslion on occualion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Pre-coded questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Open-ended questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.3 Suggesled queslions iecommended loi lesling and luillei develomenl . . . . . . . 54
6.4 Assigning classilcalion codes lo suivey iesonses (coding) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.5 Coding ol vague and inadequale iesonses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Part !!. 5tructure of the !nternationaI 5tandard CIassication of Dccupations (!5CD-08)
Majoi Gious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Majoi and SuL-majoi Gious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Majoi, SuL-majoi and Minoi Gious. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Majoi, SuL-majoi, Minoi and \nil Gious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Part !!!. Denitions of Major Sroups, 5ub-Major Sroups, Minor Sroups and Unit Sroups
Majoi Giou 1 Manageis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Majoi Giou 2 Piolessionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Majoi Giou 3 Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Majoi Giou 4 Cleiical Suoil Woileis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Majoi Giou 5 Seivices and Sales Woileis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Majoi Giou 6 Slilled Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy Woileis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Majoi Giou 7 Ciall and Relaled Tiades Woileis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Majoi Giou 8 Planl and Macline Oeialois and AssemLleis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Majoi Giou 9 Llemenlaiy Occualions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Majoi Giou 0 Aimed !oices Occualions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Part !V. Correspondence with !5CD-88
Coiiesondence laLle: !SCO-08 lo !SCO-88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Coiiesondence laLle: !SCO-88 lo !SCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
x !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions !SCO-08
Annexes
1. Sevenleenll !nleinalional Conleience ol IaLoui Slalislicians: Resolulion !!!.
Resolution concerning further work on the International Standard
Classilcalion ol Occualions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2. Resolution concerning updating the International Standard Classication
ol Occualions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Tables
1. Maing ol !SCO-08 majoi gious lo slill levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2. Maing ol lle loui !SCO-08 slill levels lo !SCLD-97 levels ol educalion . . . . . 14
3. umLeis ol gious al eacl level ol !SCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. SuL-majoi gious in Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals, !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 . . . . 30
5. SuL-majoi gious in Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals,
!SCO-88 and !SCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6. SuL-majoi and minoi gious in Majoi Giou 5, !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 . . . . . . . 33
7. SuL-majoi and minoi gious in Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Occualions,
!SCO-88 and !SCO-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
P/RT
!NTPDDUCTDPYANDMETHDDDLDS!CALNDTE5
!nlioducloiy and Mellodological oles 3
1. NATUPE,DBJECT!VE5ANDDEVELDPMENTDF!5CD-08
1.1 Dverview of !5CD-08
1. Tle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions 2008 (!SCO-08) iovides a syslem
for classifying and aggregating occupational information obtained by means of statistical cen-
suses and suiveys, as well as liom adminislialive iecoids. !l is a ievision ol lle !nleinalional
Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions 1988 (!SCO-88), wlicl il sueisedes.
2. !SCO-08 is a loui-level lieiaiclically sliucluied classilcalion llal allows all joLs in lle
woild lo Le classiled inlo 436 unil gious. Tlese gious loim lle mosl delailed level ol lle
classilcalion sliucluie and aie aggiegaled inlo 130 minoi gious, 43 suL-majoi gious and
10majoi gious, Lased on lleii similaiily in leims ol lle slill level and slill secializalion ie-
quiied loi lle joLs. Tlis allows lle ioduclion ol ielalively delailed inleinalionally comaiaLle
dala as well as summaiy inloimalion loi only 10 gious al lle liglesl level ol aggiegalion.
3. Tle classilcalion was adoled Ly a liiailile Meeling ol Lxeils on IaLoui Slalislics on
udaling lle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions (!SCO) leld liom 3 lo
6 DecemLei 2007. Tlis meeling was convened Ly lle Goveining Body ol lle !nleinalional
IaLoui Omce in accoidance will a iesolulion, in 2003, ol lle Sevenleenll !nleinalional Con-
leience ol IaLoui Slalislicians (!CIS). !n llis iesolulion, endoised Ly lle Goveining Body
in Maicl 2004, lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce (!IO) was iequesled lo udale !SCO Ly lale
2007 and convene a liiailile Meeling ol Lxeils lo adol lle classilcalion and male a-
ioiiale iecommendalions lo lle Goveining Body (!IO, 2004; lle lull lexl ol lle iesolulion
is iovided in Annex 1).
4. Tle iesolulion ol lle Meeling ol Lxeils was endoised Ly lle Goveining Body in Maicl
2008. !l was also iesenled lo Loll lle \niled alions Slalislical Commission al ils 39ll ses-
sion in !eLiuaiy 2008, and lle Liglleenll !CIS leld liom 24 ovemLei lo 5 DecemLei 2008.
!SCO-08 is llus lully suoiled Ly lle inleinalional communily as an acceled slandaid loi
international labour statistics.
5. Lacl giou in lle classilcalion is designaled Ly a lille and code numLei and is associaled
will a delnilion llal seciles lle scoe ol lle giou. Tle delnilions also summaiize lle
main lasls and dulies eiloimed in occualions included in lle giou, and iovide a lisl ol
lle occualional gious included oi, in lle case ol unil gious, examles ol lle occualions.
Tle !SCO-08 lieiaiclical sliucluie, comiising lle giou lilles and codes, is iesenled in
Pail !!. Pail !!! iesenls lle comlele delnilions ol all !SCO-08 unil gious, minoi gious,
sub-major groups and major groups.
6. Tlis inlioduclion desciiLes lle !SCO-08 develomenl iocess, ils lisloiy, concelual Lasis,
sliucluie and ollei mellodological consideialions. Geneial advice is also iovided on lle
alicalion ol !SCO-08 in dala colleclion aclivilies in nalional conlexls, including discussion
on some of the more difcult distinctions made between categories.
7. Tle main dieiences Lelween !SCO-08 and !SCO-88, and lle ieasons loi llese dieiences,
aie summaiized in Clalei3 Lelow. A delailed secilcalion ol lle coiiesondence Lelween
lle old and new classilcalions is iovided in Pail !V, wlicl comiises coiiesondence laLles
in !SCO-88 code oidei and !SCO-08 code oidei.
8. Volume 2, Index of occupational titles, iovides sulemenlaiy inloimalion on lle occualions
included in each group, linking real job titles used in the world of work with the categories in the
classilcalion sliucluie. !l may also seive as a model lo assisl in lle develomenl oi adalalion
ol nalional indexes ol occualion lilles wleie alignmenl will !SCO-08 is iequiied. Volume2
is a ielacemenl loi lle index ol occualional lilles iesenled al lle Lacl ol lle !SCO-88 uL-
licalion and includes 4-digil !SCO-08 and !SCO-88 codes loi eacl occualional desciiloi.
9. All ol lle inloimalion conlained in Volumes 1 and 2 is availaLle on lle !SCO weLsile: lll://
www.ilo.oig/uLlic/englisl/Luieau/slal/isco/index.llm. !l is lanned llal llis inloimalion will
Le sulemenled Ly an !SCO-08 Implementation guide llal will iovide advice and guidance
on adaling !SCO-08 loi nalional use and loi lle ioduclion ol inleinalionally comaiaLle
information.
4 !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions !SCO-08
1.2 Main objectives of !5CD
10. GloLalizalion ol lle laLoui mailel las incieased lle demand loi inleinalionally com-
aiaLle occualional dala loi Loll slalislical and adminislialive uioses. !SCO-08 aims lo
salisly llis demand Ly ioviding:
(a) a conlemoiaiy and ielevanl Lasis loi lle inleinalional ieoiling, comaiison and ex-
clange ol slalislical and adminislialive inloimalion aLoul occualions;
(L) a uselul model loi lle develomenl ol nalional and iegional classilcalions ol occualions;
and
(c) a syslem llal can Le used diieclly in counliies llal lave nol develoed lleii own nalional
classications.
11. !SCO seels lo lacililale inleinalional communicalion aLoul occualions Ly ioviding
slalislicians will a liamewoil lo male inleinalionally comaiaLle occualional dala avail-
able, and by allowing international occupational data to be produced in a form that can be
uselul loi ieseaicl as well as loi secilc decision-maling and aclion-oiienled aclivilies, sucl
as those connected with international migration or job placement.
12. !l slould Le emlasized llal, wlile seiving as a model, !SCO-08 is nol inlended lo ie-
lace any exisling nalional classilcalion ol occualions, as lle occualion classilcalions ol
individual counliies slould lully ieecl Loll lle sliucluie ol lle nalional laLoui mailel and
inloimalion needs loi nalionally ielevanl uioses. Howevei, counliies wlose occualional
classilcalions aie aligned lo !SCO-08 in concel and sliucluie will lnd il easiei lo develo
the procedures to make their occupational statistics internationally comparable.
13. Tleieloie, lle ideal silualion is llal counliies develo nalional classilcalions llal aie lai-
loied lo meel Loll nalional and inleinalional iequiiemenls (see Clalei5). !l is iecognized,
lowevei, llal some counliies may nol lave lle caacily lo develo nalional classilcalions
in lle sloil lo medium leim. !n llese ciicumslances il is advisaLle loi counliies inilially lo
locus limiled iesouices on lle develomenl ol lools lo suoil imlemenlalion ol !SCO in
lle nalional conlexl, loi examle a nalional index ol occualional lilles.
14. Classilcalions ol occualions aie used in nalional conlexls loi lle colleclion and dis-
seminalion ol slalislics liom souices sucl as oulalion censuses, laLoui loice suiveys and
ollei louselold suiveys, emloyei suiveys and ollei souices. Tley aie also used Ly govein-
menls and comanies in aclivilies sucl as malcling joLseeleis will joL vacancies, educalional
planning, reporting of industrial accidents, administration of workers compensation, and the
management of employment-related migration.
15. !n oidei lo salisly lle lull iange ol usei iequiiemenls imlied Ly lle alicalions oullined
aLove, many counliies will wisl lo iovide, in lleii nalional classilcalions, lnei sliucluial
and delnilional delails llan llose conlained in !SCO-08. !n nalional classilcalions Lased
on !SCO llis can Le aclieved eillei Ly dividing some unil gious inlo lwo oi moie smallei
unil gious, oi Ly ioviding moie delailed occualional gious al a llll lieiaiclical level in
lle nalional classilcalion. !n ceilain cases, counliies may also wisl lo include desciilive oi
coded inloimalion on joL conlenl, slill iequiiemenls, linlages lo nalional comelency liame-
woils, and delailed occualional desciilions. Tlis lye ol inloimalion may Le ol inleiesl
loi wage selllemenls, vocalional guidance and liaining, develomenl ol vocalional liaining
iogiammes, joL lacemenl seivices, oi analysis ol occualion-secilc moiLidily and moi-
lalily, Lul is Leyond lle scoe ol !SCO-08.
16. !l is imoilanl lo nole llal, alllougl uselul in lacililaling lle iovision ol slandaid in-
loimalion loi decision-maling on occualional issues, !SCO-08 is nol a liamewoil loi ad-
minislialive iegulalion ol occualions. Tle designalions emloyed and lle iesenlalion ol
desciilive and delnilional maleiial in !SCO do nol imly lle exiession ol any oinion
wlalsoevei on lle ail ol lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce conceining lle legal oi iegulaloiy
status of any occupational group.
1.3 HistoricaI background
17. Tle develomenl ol lle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions goes Lacl
many decades and has always been closely connected with the work of the International Con-
ference of Labour Statisticians, which meets under the auspices of the International Labour
Oiganizalion. Tle need loi an inleinalional slandaid classilcalion ol occualions was dis-
cussed as eaily as 1921, al lle lisl !CIS (!IO, 1923 and 1924, Resolulion1, aia.1).
18. Woil lo develo !SCO was inilialed in 1947 al lle Sixll !CIS and lle lisl osilive sle
lowaids ils eslaLlislmenl was lle adolion ol a iovisional classilcalion ol nine majoi gious
Ly lle Sevenll !CIS in 1949. !n 1952 lle !IO uLlisled lle !nleinalional Classilcalion ol
Occualions loi Migialion and Lmloymenl Placemenl, will delailed desciilions ol 1,727 oc-
cualions Lased on lle nalional classilcalions ol eigll indusliialized counliies. Al lle Liglll
!CIS (1954) a iovisional lisl ol minoi gious was aioved. Tle inll !CIS (1957) com-
pleted the work by endorsing the major, minor and unit groups of the rst ISCO, which was
uLlisled Ly lle !IO in 1958 and lence is lnown as !SCO-58. !l lad Leen iecognized al lle
inll !CIS llal !SCO-58 would need lo Le ievised allei a ceilain lime. Tle Llevenll !CIS
consideied and adoled a ievised edilion ol !SCO (!SCO-68).
19. !SCO-68 was sueiseded Ly !SCO-88, adoled in 1987 Ly lle !ouileenll !CIS. !SCO-88
ieiesenled a signilcanl Lieal liom lle lwo ievious veisions, in llal il used lle concels ol
slill level and slill secializalion as ciileiia lo aiiange similai occualions inlo iogiessively
laigei gious. Tle ievious veisions ol !SCO, as well as many nalional classilcalions al llal
lime, did nol use lle concel ol slill level lo dislinguisl Lelween gious al lle mosl aggiegale
level ol lle classilcalion. Occualion classilcalions al lle lime lad a sliongei locus on lle
goods and seivices ioduced and weie liequenlly quile similai in sliucluie lo indusliial clas-
silcalions ol economic aclivilies.
20. Since ils adolion !SCO-88 las Leen widely used as lle Lasis loi develomenl ol nalional
and multinational classications and for the dissemination of international data classied
Ly occualion. Laily in lle lisl decade ol lle 21sl cenluiy, il Lecame cleai, lowevei, llal
lleie was a need lo udale !SCO-88 lo ieecl clanges in lle occualional sliucluie ol lle
workforce, as well as to address a number of problems that had been identied during its use
in slalislical and ollei alicalions. Tleie weie ailiculai conceins aLoul lle need lo ieecl
clanges iesulling liom lle imacl ol develomenls in inloimalion and communicalions lecl-
nology on the workforce.
21. Al lle 34ll Session ol lle \niled alions Slalislical Commission in Maicl 2003, lle !IO
was asled lo develo a limelaLle loi lle udaling ol !SCO-88 llal would allow sumcienl lime
loi lle udaled classilcalion, oi nalional adalalions ol il, lo Le availaLle loi use in lle 2010
iound ol nalional oulalion censuses (\, 2003). !n DecemLei 2003 lle Sevenleenll !CIS
also discussed lle liming ol lle woil lo udale !SCO-88, as well as lle naluie and scoe ol
lle woil lo Le done, and iequesled (!IO, 2004) lle Goveining Body ol lle !IO lo:
ensure that the ILO, as the custodian of the International Standard Classication of Occupations
(!SCO-88), will lave lle caacily lo:
(1) undertake the research and consultations necessary to formulate the modications and updates
ol !SCO-88 llal aie necessaiy lo ensuie llal il can conlinue lo seive as a good model loi nalional
occualional classilcalions lo Le used loi slalislics as well as loi clienl-ielaled alicalions;
(2) complete this work not later than the end of 2007 for the results to be taken into account in
national preparations for the majority of population censuses that are to be undertaken in the
2010 round.1
1 Tle lull lexl ol lle iesolulion is ieioduced in Annex 1.
1.4 Dverview of the updating process and consuItations
22. In conducting the work to update ISCO, the ILO consulted as widely as possible with
slaleloldeis and inleiesled ailies. Tle mandale liom lle !CIS lo ioceed will lle udaling
ol !SCO-88 was inloimed Ly a ieoil commissioned Ly lle !IO iesenling aigumenls loi and
againsl dieienl alls Lased on iecenl exeiiences will nalional occualional classilcalions
in a numLei ol counliies (Budlendei, 2003). Many ol lle issues iaised in llis ieoil weie lui-
llei exloied, along will olleis, Ly means ol lwo queslionnaiies llal weie senl lo all coun-
liies lliougl lleii minisliies ol laLoui, nalional slalislical inslilules, emloymenl seivices,
vocalional liaining inslilules, and emloyeis` and woileis` oiganizalions. Successive dialls
ol lle udaled classilcalion sliucluie weie senl loi commenl. Tle !IO also consulled will a
range of specialized agencies, workers and employers organizations, and stakeholders with
an interest in those occupational areas where most updating was needed.
23. An imoilanl comonenl ol lle woil was lle eslaLlislmenl ol a Teclnical Lxeil Giou
loi \daling !SCO (TLG/!SCO), lo iovide lle !IO will advice on and assislance will lle
udaling woil. Tlis giou, comiising exeils in occualion classilcalion liom all iegions ol
lle woild and exeils liom a numLei ol ielevanl inleinalional agencies, mel six limes duiing
lle develomenl ol !SCO-08. Tlese meelings weie sulemenled Ly lle use ol ongoing elec-
tronic discussions.
24. Tle majoi issues llal weie addiessed in lle udaling woil included Lul weie nol ie-
sliicled lo:
y lle imacl ol inloimalion and communicalions leclnology (!CT) on lle occualional
sliucluie ol lle laLoui mailel;
y lle need loi imioved coveiage ol lealll occualions;
y usei iequesls loi moie delail in agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiies occualions;
y lle need lo imiove lle giouings loi manageiial occualions;
y conceins llal !SCO-88 was veiy delailed loi some leclnical and manulacluiing oc-
cualions Lul lad mucl less delail, esecially al inleimediale levels ol aggiegalion, loi
cleiical and seivices-ielaled occualions wleie a laige eicenlage ol emloyed eisons
weie lemale;
y conceins aLoul lle exislence ol aiallel gious al dieienl slill levels loi occualions
llal involved lle eiloimance ol similai oi idenlical lasls;
y lle need loi imioved coveiage ol occualions llal iedominale in lle inloimal secloi
and ol occualions will low slill iequiiemenls;
y lle develomenl ol llemalic (oi alleinalive) views ol lle classilcalion Lased iimaiily
on lle goods oi seivices ioduced, indeendenlly ol slill level;
y lle need lo ieliesl and udale delnilions ol all calegoiies; and
y lle need loi lle !SCO index ol occualional lilles lo Le imioved and udaled.
25. Tle lisl, exloialoiy queslionnaiie on udaling !SCO-88 sougll advice on a numLei ol
concelual issues as well as on lle liealmenl ol secilc occualional gious. Tle ielies lo llis
queslionnaiie weie analysed Ly lle !IO and summaiized in a aei llal loimed lle Lasis loi
discussions aLoul !SCO al lle meeling ol lle \niled alions Lxeil Giou on !nleinalional
Lconomic and Social Classilcalions leld in ew Yoil in 1une 2005 (!IO, 2005). !ollowing
lle inauguial meeling ol lle TLG/!SCO in ovemLei 2005, lle !IO develoed an udaled
diall classilcalion sliucluie. Delailed examinalion ol llis diall Ly Loll lle !IO and memLeis
ol lle TLG/!SCO led lo lle idenlilcalion ol a numLei ol new conceins aLoul lle !SCO-88
sliucluie and lo a seiies ol luillei ioosals loi clange. A luillei udaled diall classilcalion
sliucluie was develoed and lle !IO sougll lle views ol counliies on lle diall, and on a iange
ol oulslanding issues, lliougl a second queslionnaiie ciiculaled in Augusl 2006.
26. On lle Lasis ol lle iesonses lo lle second queslionnaiie and ol advice iovided Ly lle
TLG/!SCO, lle !IO ieaied a close-lo-lnal diall classilcalion sliucluie wlicl was made
availaLle loi commenl on lle !IO weLsile in !eLiuaiy 2007. Commenls on llis diall weie
sougll liom all counliies, logellei will a summaiy ol lle main clanges. Tle \niled alions
Lxeil Giou on !nleinalional Lconomic and Social Classilcalions ieviewed lle diall al ils
meeling in Aiil 2007 and discussed a numLei ol aieas wleie signilcanl clanges lo !SCO-88
weie ioosed. Tle !IO llen ieaied a lnal diall !SCO-08 sliucluie wlicl was iesenled
as an Annex lo lle diall iesolulion conceining udaling lle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilca-
lion ol Occualions, loi consideialion al lle Meeling ol Lxeils on IaLoui Slalislics leld in
DecemLei 2007. Al llis meeling a small numLei ol amendmenls lo lle diall weie made and
the amended classication structure was adopted as the International Standard Classication
ol Occualions, 2008 (see !IO, 2008).
1.5 5cope of the updating work
27. Tle iesolulion ol lle Sevenleenll !CIS on !SCO iequesled lle udaling and oveiall
imiovemenl ol !SCO-88 will lle oLjeclive ol maling availaLle a moie eeclive classilca-
lion, wlicl could Le used Ly counliies in lle nexl iound ol oulalion censuses, as well as
in nalional emloymenl seivices and ollei clienl-oiienled alicalions. !l also imosed some
limilalions on lle naluie and exlenl ol lle ievisions llal could Le made Ly secilying llal:
. lle Lasic iinciles and main sliucluie ol !SCO-88 slould nol Le clanged, Lul llal neveilleless
modilcalions aie necessaiy in some aieas, Loll lo male imiovemenls in ligll ol exeiience
gained in many counliies using !SCO-88-Lased classilcalions, and as a consequence ol develo-
menls in lle woild ol woil ovei lle lasl 15 yeais .
28. Willin lle liamewoil ol llis geneial iesliiclion lle !IO deleimined, in consullalion will
lle TLG/!SCO and lle \ Lxeil Giou on !nleinalional Lconomic and Social Classilca-
tions, that the nature of the structural and methodological changes that might be made to
!SCO-88 would Le limiled lo lle lollowing secilc lyes ol clange:
y Tle classilcalion was lo Le ieviewed liom lle oinl ol view ol lle ielalive size and
diveisily ol gious al dieienl levels Lul, Lecause ol lle wide dieiences in nalional
circumstances, it would not be possible to impose strict guidelines on the size of groups.
y Occualions will lle same joL conlenl Lul will dieienl loimal educalion iequiiemenls
in dieienl counliies weie lo Le classiled in a single unil giou, llus eliminaling lle
need loi aiallel gious.
y Tle !SCO-88 majoi gious weie lo Le meiged, deleled oi olleiwise clanged only in
excelional ciicumslances. !n iaclice lle 10 majoi gious weie nol lundamenlally
clanged alllougl some occualions weie moved liom one majoi giou lo anollei and
lle names ol some majoi gious weie clanged lo imiove claiily.
y Tleie was a need loi moie comielensive exlanaloiy and mellodological noles llan
llose iovided will !SCO-88.
y Sub-major and minor groups should be split or merged only if there had been signicant
giowll oi decline in lle numLeis ol eole emloyed in llem, and/oi wleie gious al a
lowei level weie slil oi meiged. SuL-majoi gious slould, lowevei, conlain sumcienlly
laige numLeis lo allow lle ioduclion ol meaninglul summaiy slalislics. Tle lolal
numLei ol suL-majoi gious slould nol deciease diamalically oi giow Leyond aLoul 40.
y \nil gious could Le slil oi meiged and new gious could Le ciealed lo ieecl oc-
cualional clange and newly idenliled iequiiemenls. \nil gious could also Le slil,
where necessary, to support aggregation of data according to a set of proposed thematic
views (see seclion 2.6 Lelow).
y \nil gious weie nol lo Le ciealed loi occualions llal weie veiy small in numLeis
ol woileis, oi llal exisled only in a small numLei ol counliies. Sucl occualions aie
included as ail ol a unil giou conlaining similai occualions, oi in a suilaLle nol
elsewleie classiled calegoiy.
y Tle conlenl ol iesidual (nol elsewleie classiled) gious was lo Le ieviewed. Wleie sucl
gious weie unavoidaLle, lle main occualions classiled lleie weie lo Le lisled as ail
ol lle delnilion ol lle giou and in lle index.
29. !n addilion lo clanges ol llis lye, il was iecognized llal lleie would Le a need lo develo
denitions of all groups in the classication that were new or modied, to update and refresh
lle delnilions ol llose gious llal lad nol clanged, lo udale lle index ol occualion lilles,
and lo iovide coiiesondence laLles slowing lle ielalionsli Lelween !SCO-88 and !SCO-08.
1.6 Denitions of groups
30. Tle iocess ol develoing lle !SCO-08 sliucluie iesulled in lle slilling oi meiging ol
a numLei ol !SCO-88 unil gious. !n some cases, comlelely new unil gious weie ciealed.
Tleie was also sliucluial clange al lle minoi and suL-majoi giou levels, including Loll slil-
ling and meiging ol gious and movemenl ol unil gious liom one ail ol lle classilcalion lo
anollei. Tlese clanges ciealed lle need loi delnilions ol new gious lo Le develoed and ol
ollei gious lo Le ieviewed, lo male suie lley adequalely ieecled lle conlenl ol lle giou.
31. Tle delnilions ol llose gious llal weie nol clanged weie also ieviewed and udaled,
as lle !SCO-88 delnilions weie almosl 20 yeais old, and lleie lad Leen signilcanl clange in
Loll leclnology and lle oiganizalion ol woil lasls willin occualions since lle lale 1980s.
32. Al ils meeling in Aiil 2007, lle TLG/!SCO agieed on a sel ol iinciles loi develoing oi
udaling delnilions ol !SCO calegoiies. !n ailiculai il was agieed llal lle oveiall sliucluie
ol lle delnilions slould Le similai lo llal used in !SCO-88. Some ioLlems weie, neveilleless,
idenliled will lle sliucluie and conlenl ol !SCO-88 delnilions, including lle lollowing.
y oles, loolnoles and ieleiences lo lle delnilions ol calegoiies weie used lo exlain lle
Loundaiies and dieiences Lelween ollei calegoiies, meaning llal some delnilions
were not capable of standing on their own.
y Some delnilions ol unil gious in !SCO-88 Majoi Giou 2 locused excessively on ie-
search and theoretical work, with insufcient reference to practical tasks.
y Tleie was ieelilion in many delnilions ol similai liases llal added lillle in lle way
ol desciilive inloimalion and made il dimcull lo idenlily lle ley dieiences Lelween
groups.
y Tleie was a lacl ol claiily aLoul wlellei lle lasl slalemenls weie meanl lo claiacleiize
the main tasks typically performed in an occupational group, or whether all tasks were
to be performed in all jobs classied in the group.
33. Tle !IO woiled closely will TLG/!SCO memLeis and olleis lo develo u-lo-dale del-
nilions ol all !SCO-08 classilcalion calegoiies. To lle exlenl ossiLle, delnilions ol calegoiies
in iecenlly ievised nalional occualion classilcalions weie used as souice maleiial. Tle use
ol single-souice maleiial was avoided and cioss-clecling was undeilalen wleievei ossiLle
lo avoid lle iisl ol ioducing desciilions llal weie Liased lowaids llose counliies will lle
mosl develoed occualional inloimalion syslems.
34. Diall delnilions ol all gious weie made availaLle on lle !nleinel loi commenl, ai-
ticularly by countries that were in the process of updating national classications to facilitate
comaiaLilily will !SCO-08. Tlis consullalion iocess iovided lle ooilunily lo imiove
Loll lle qualily and claiily ol lle delnilions.
1.7 !ndex of occupationaI titIes
35. Tle enliies in lle !SCO-08 Index of occupational titles (Volume 2) include a lexl descii-
lion loi a widei vaiiely ol leims used lo desciiLe occualions llan is ossiLle in lle classil-
calion sliucluie. !l iovides a ma Lelween ieal woild leims used lo desciiLe joLs and lle
loimally named lilles ol gious delned in lle classilcalion sliucluie. Similai indexes aie used
in nalional sellings as lools lo assign classilcalion codes lo iesonses lo queslions (coding)
on occualion in slalislical and adminislialive dala colleclions. !l is imoilanl lo nole llal
nalional indexes ol occualions need lo Le Lased on leims used in iesonse lo queslions in
dala colleclions in lle nalional conlexl.
36. !n consideiing iequiiemenls loi an udaled index ol occualional lilles, lle TLG/!SCO
concluded llal lle main uioses and lilely uses ol lle !SCO-08 index weie lle lollowing:
y lo claiily lle occualional conlenl ol eacl !SCO unil giou;
y to help users of ISCO to nd particular categories in the classication and determine
wleie ailiculai occualions aie classiled;
y lo assisl in undeislanding lle ielalionsli Lelween calegoiies in old and new veisions
ol lle classilcalion;
y lo seive as a model loi, and acl as a slailing oinl in, lle develomenl ol nalional in-
dexes ol occualions, loi nalional classilcalions Lased on !SCO;
y to be used directly to assign responses in statistical collections to ISCO in situations
wleie no nalional index exisls, and wleie counliies aie nol aLle lo develo a nalional
index in advance ol dala iocessing.2
37. Tle !SCO-88 index did nol lully suoil llese uses loi a numLei ol ieasons. !oi examle,
many commonly used occualional lilles did nol aeai in lle index. Tle !IO agieed will
lle TLG/!SCO on a iocess lo addiess llese conceins and ioduce an index loi !SCO-08,
using lle !SCO-88 index as a slailing oinl Lul diawing on leims used in a iange ol nalional
indexes ol occualions. Lacl enliy includes a lexl desciiloi as well as lle mosl aioiiale
!SCO-08 and !SCO-88 codes. Tle enliies aie oiganized as in lle !SCO-88 index, will ley-
woids aeaiing lisl, allowing qualilying inloimalion lo Le seciled in a sliucluied mannei
when occupation titles alone relate to more than one ISCO unit group.
38. Tle !SCO-08 Index of occupational titles is uLlisled as !SCO-08, Volume 2, in allaLel-
ical oidei and in code oidei loi Loll !SCO-88 and !SCO-08. !l may Le oLlained in eleclionic
loim on lle !SCO weLsile: lll://www.ilo.oig/uLlic/englisl/Luieau/slal/isco/index.llm, oi Ly
sending an email lo: !SCOilo.oig. !l may Le used as a slailing oinl in lle develomenl ol
nalional coding indexes willoul Lieacl ol !IO coyiigll.
2 As lleie aie wide vaiialions in lle usage and meaning ol occualional leiminology, even Lelween counliies
llal seal lle same language, il is sliongly iecommended llal counliies develo nalional indexes Lased on woids
llal aie aclually given, oi aie lilely lo Le given, in iesonse lo queslions on occualion in lle nalional conlexl.
2. CDNCEPTUALFPAMEWDPK,DE5!SN,5TPUCTUPE
ANDCDNTENTDF!5CD-08
2.1 UnderIying concepts
39. Tle liamewoil and lle concels undeiinning !SCO-08 aie essenlially unclanged liom
llose used in !SCO-88. Tle delnilions ol llese concels lave Leen udaled and guidelines
loi lleii alicalion lo lle design ol lle classilcalion lave Leen sliengllened and claiiled,
wleie necessaiy, lo addiess delciencies in !SCO-88.
40. Tle liamewoil used loi lle design and consliuclion ol !SCO-08 is Lased on lwo main
concels: lle concel ol job, and the concept of skill.
Dentcns cf jcb and cccupatcn
41. A job is delned in !SCO-08 as a sel ol lasls and dulies eiloimed, oi meanl lo Le ei-
loimed, Ly one eison, including loi an emloyei oi in sell emloymenl.
42. Occupation ieleis lo lle lind ol woil eiloimed in a joL. Tle concel ol occupation is
delned as a sel ol joLs wlose main lasls and dulies aie claiacleiized Ly a ligl degiee ol
similaiily. A eison may Le associaled will an occualion lliougl lle main joL cuiienlly
leld, a second joL, a luluie joL oi a joL ieviously leld.
Skll level and skll specalzatcn
43. Skill is delned as lle aLilily lo caiiy oul lle lasls and dulies ol a given joL. !oi lle ui-
oses ol !SCO-08, lwo dimensions ol slill aie used lo aiiange occualions inlo gious. Tlese
are skill level and skill specialization.
44. Skill level is delned as a lunclion ol lle comlexily and iange ol lasls and dulies lo Le ei-
loimed in an occualion. Slill level is measuied oeialionally Ly consideiing one oi moie ol:
y the nature of the work performed in an occupation in relation to the characteristic tasks
and dulies delned loi eacl !SCO-08 slill level;
y lle level ol loimal educalion delned in leims ol lle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilca-
lion ol Lducalion (!SCLD-97) (\LSCO, 1997) iequiied loi comelenl eiloimance
ol lle lasls and dulies involved; and
y lle amounl ol inloimal on-lle-joL liaining and/oi ievious exeiience in a ielaled oc-
cualion iequiied loi comelenl eiloimance ol llese lasls and dulies.
45. Tle concel ol slill level is alied mainly al lle lo (majoi giou) level ol lle classilca-
lion, giving moie emlasis lo lle lisl ol llese oeialional measuies, lle naluie ol lle woil
eiloimed, llan lo lle loimal and inloimal educalion and liaining iequiiemenls.
46. Beaiing in mind lle inleinalional claiaclei ol lle classilcalion, only loui Lioad slill
levels aie delned. As a iesull, eigll ol lle len majoi gious in !SCO-08 conlain occualions
only al one ol loui slill levels. !oi examle, !SCO Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals includes only
occualions al lle liglesl !SCO slill level, Slill Ievel4. All gious Lelow lle majoi giou
level conlain occualions al only one slill level.
47. Skill specialization is consideied in leims ol loui concels:
y lle leld ol lnowledge iequiied;
y lle lools and maclineiy used;
y lle maleiials woiled on oi will; and
y lle linds ol goods and seivices ioduced.
48. Willin eacl majoi giou, occualions aie aiianged inlo unil gious, minoi gious and
sub-major groups, primarily on the basis of aspects of skill specialization. In the case of
!SCO-08 Majoi Giou 1: Manageis, and Majoi Giou 0: Aimed !oices Occualions, lle
concel ol slill level is alied iimaiily al lle second lieiaiclical level.
2.2 Denitions of the four !5CD skiII IeveIs
49. Delnilions ol eacl ol lle loui !SCO-08 slill levels aie iovided Lelow. Tlese delnilions
do nol clange lle Loundaiies Lelween lle slill levels used in !SCO-88. Tley seive lo claiily
llese Loundaiies and lo deal will cases wleie loimal educalional iequiiemenls may nol Le lle
mosl suilaLle mellod ol measuiing lle slill level ol a ailiculai occualion. Lacl delnilion
iovides examles ol:
y lle lyical oi claiacleiislic lasls eiloimed al eacl slill level;
y lle lyes ol slill iequiied (in Lioad leims); and
y lle lyical occualions classiled al llal slill level.
Skll Level1
50. Occualions al Slill Ievel 1 lyically involve lle eiloimance ol simle and iouline
lysical oi manual lasls. Tley may iequiie lle use ol land-leld lools, sucl as slovels, oi ol
simle elecliical equimenl, sucl as vacuum cleaneis. Tley involve lasls sucl as cleaning;
digging; lilling and caiiying maleiials Ly land; soiling, sloiing oi assemLling goods Ly land
(somelimes in lle conlexl ol meclanized oeialions); oeialing non-moloiized velicles; and
icling liuil and vegelaLles.
51. Many occualions al Slill Ievel1 may iequiie lysical sliengll and/oi enduiance. !oi
some joLs Lasic slills in lileiacy and numeiacy may Le iequiied. !l iequiied llese slills would
not be a major part of the work.
52. !oi comelenl eiloimance in some occualions al Slill Ievel1, comlelion ol iimaiy
educalion oi lle lisl slage ol Lasic educalion (!SCLD-97 Ievel1) may Le iequiied. A sloil
eiiod ol on-lle-joL liaining may Le iequiied loi some joLs.
53. Occualions classiled al Slill Ievel 1 include omce cleaneis, lieigll landleis, gaiden
labourers and kitchen assistants.
Skll Level2
54. Occualions al Slill Ievel2 lyically involve lle eiloimance ol lasls sucl as oeialing
maclineiy and eleclionic equimenl; diiving velicles; mainlenance and ieaii ol elecliical
and meclanical equimenl; and maniulalion, oideiing and sloiage ol inloimalion.
55. !oi almosl all occualions al Slill Ievel2 lle aLilily lo iead inloimalion sucl as salely
instructions, to make written records of work completed, and to accurately perform simple
aiillmelical calculalions is essenlial. Many occualions al llis slill level iequiie ielalively
advanced lileiacy and numeiacy slills and good inleieisonal communicalion slills. !n some
occualions llese slills aie iequiied loi a majoi ail ol lle woil. Many occualions al llis
slill level iequiie a ligl level ol manual dexleiily.
56. Tle lnowledge and slills iequiied loi comelenl eiloimance in occualions al Slill
Ievel2 aie geneially oLlained lliougl comlelion ol lle lisl slage ol secondaiy educalion
(!SCLD-97 Ievel 2). Some occualions iequiie lle comlelion ol lle second slage ol sec-
ondaiy educalion (!SCLD-97 Ievel3), wlicl may include a signilcanl comonenl ol secial-
ized vocalional educalion and on-lle-joL liaining. Some occualions iequiie comlelion ol
vocalion-secilc educalion undeilalen allei comlelion ol secondaiy educalion (!SCLD-97
Ievel 4). !n some cases exeiience and on-lle-joL liaining may suLslilule loi lle loimal
education.
57. Occualions classiled al Slill Ievel2 include Lulcleis, Lus diiveis, secielaiies, accounls
clerks, sewing machinists, dressmakers, shop sales assistants, police ofcers, hairdressers,
Luilding elecliicians and moloi velicle meclanics.
Skll Level3
58. Occualions al Slill Ievel3 lyically involve lle eiloimance ol comlex leclnical and
iaclical lasls llal iequiie an exlensive Lody ol laclual, leclnical and ioceduial lnowledge
in a secialized leld. Lxamles ol secilc lasls eiloimed include: ensuiing comliance will
lealll, salely and ielaled iegulalions; ieaiing delailed eslimales ol quanlilies and cosls ol
maleiials and laLoui iequiied loi secilc iojecls; cooidinaling, sueivising, conliolling and
scleduling lle aclivilies ol ollei woileis; and eiloiming leclnical lunclions in suoil ol
professionals.
59. Occualions al llis slill level geneially iequiie a ligl level ol lileiacy and numeiacy and
well-develoed inleieisonal communicalion slills. Tlese slills may include lle aLilily lo
undeisland comlex wiillen maleiial, ieaie laclual ieoils and communicale veiLally in
difcult circumstances.
Ievel 3 aie usually oLlained as lle iesull ol sludy al a liglei educalional inslilulion loi a
eiiod ol 13 yeais lollowing comlelion ol secondaiy educalion (!SCLD-97 Ievel 5L). !n
some cases exlensive ielevanl woil exeiience and iolonged on-lle-joL liaining may suLsli-
tute for the formal education.
61. Occualions classiled al Slill Ievel3 include slo manageis, medical laLoialoiy leclni-
cians, legal secielaiies, commeicial sales ieiesenlalives, diagnoslic medical iadiogialeis,
computer support technicians, and broadcasting and recording technicians.
Skll Level4
62. Occualions al Slill Ievel4 lyically involve lle eiloimance ol lasls llal iequiie com-
lex ioLlem-solving, decision-maling and ciealivily Lased on an exlensive Lody ol lleoielical
and laclual lnowledge in a secialized leld. Tle lasls eiloimed lyically include analysis
and ieseaicl lo exlend lle Lody ol luman lnowledge in a ailiculai leld, diagnosis and
treatment of disease, imparting knowledge to others, and design of structures or machinery
and of processes for construction and production.
63. Occualions al llis slill level geneially iequiie exlended levels ol lileiacy and numeiacy,
somelimes al a veiy ligl level, and excellenl inleieisonal communicalion slills. Tlese slills
usually include lle aLilily lo undeisland comlex wiillen maleiial and communicale comlex
ideas in media such as books, images, performances, reports and oral presentations.
Ievel4 aie usually oLlained as lle iesull ol sludy al a liglei educalional inslilulion loi a
eiiod ol 36 yeais leading lo lle awaid ol a lisl degiee oi liglei qualilcalion (!SCLD-97
Ievel 5a oi liglei). !n some cases exlensive exeiience and on-lle-joL liaining may suL-
slilule loi lle loimal educalion, oi may Le iequiied in addilion lo loimal educalion. !n
many cases aioiiale loimal qualilcalions aie an essenlial iequiiemenl loi enliy lo lle
occupation.
65. Occualions classiled al Slill Ievel4 include sales and maileling manageis, civil engi-
neers, secondary school teachers, medical practitioners, musicians, operating theatre nurses
and computer systems analysts.
2.3 AppIication of the four skiII IeveIs to the !5CD-08 major groups
66. Tle ielalionsli Lelween lle len !SCO-08 majoi gious and lle loui slill levels is sum-
maiized in laLle 1. Willin Majoi Giou 1, occualions in SuL-majoi Giou 14: Hosilalily,
Relail and Ollei Seivices Manageis aie al Slill Ievel 3. All ollei occualions in Majoi
Giou 1 aie al Slill Ievel4. Willin Majoi Giou 0: Aimed !oices Occualions, eacl ol lle
lliee suL-majoi gious is al a dieienl slill level.
TabeT. MappngofISC0-08ma|orgroupsLoskeves
ISCO-08 major groups Skill level
1 Manageis 3 + 4
2 Professionals 4
3 Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals 3
4 Cleiical Suoil Woileis
5 Seivices and Sales Woileis
6 Slilled Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy Woileis
7 Ciall and Relaled Tiades Woileis
8 Planl and Macline Oeialois, and AssemLleis
2
9 Elementary Occupations 1
0 Aimed !oices Occualions 1 + 2 + 4
67. !n llose cases wleie loimal educalion and liaining iequiiemenls aie used as ail ol lle
measuiemenl ol lle slill level ol an occualion, llese iequiiemenls aie delned in leims ol
!SCLD-97. A maing Lelween !SCO slill levels and levels ol educalion in !SCLD-97 is io-
vided in laLle 2.
Tabe2. MappngofLhefourISC0-08skevesLoISCED-97evesofeducaLon
ISCO-08 skill level ISCED-97 groups
4 6 Second slage ol leiliaiy educalion (leading lo an advanced ieseaicl qualilicalion)
5a !iisl slage ol leiliaiy educalion, 1sl degiee (medium duialion)
3 5L !iisl slage ol leiliaiy educalion (sloil oi medium duialion)
2 4 Posl-secondaiy, non-leiliaiy educalion
3 \ei secondaiy level ol educalion
2 Iowei secondaiy level ol educalion
1 1 Piimaiy level ol educalion
68. Tle use ol !SCLD calegoiies lo assisl in delning lle loui slill levels does nol imly llal
lle slills necessaiy lo eiloim lle lasls and dulies ol a given joL can Le acquiied only lliougl
loimal educalion. Tle slills may Le, and ollen aie, acquiied lliougl inloimal liaining and
exeiience. !n addilion, il slould Le emlasized llal lle locus in !SCO-08 is on lle slills
iequiied lo caiiy oul lle lasls and dulies ol an occualion and nol on wlellei a woilei
employed in a particular occupation is more or less skilled than another worker in the same
occupation.
69. !oimal educalion and liaining iequiiemenls aie llus only one comonenl ol lle meas-
uiemenl ol slill level and slould Le seen as indicalive. Tle mosl imoilanl deleiminanl ol
slill level is lle naluie ol lle lasls eiloimed in a ailiculai occualion in ielalion lo lle
claiacleiislic lasls delned loi eacl slill level. !n consideiing llese lasls, lowevei, il slould
Le noled llal lle level ol geneiic slills (llose slills llal aie nol secilc lo a ailiculai occu-
alional giou and aie iequiied loi many joLs) may diei signilcanlly Lelween occualions
due lo lle naluie ol lle joL. !oi examle, insuiance ieiesenlalives classiled al Slill Ievel3
may iequiie a liglei level ol inleieisonal communicalion slills llan sollwaie develoeis al
Slill Ievel4, mainly due lo dieiences in naluie ol lle woil eiloimed.
70. Since lle enlily classiled is lle joL, nol lle eison wlo lolds lle joL, il is nol ielevanl
lo considei lle slills oi qualilcalions leld Ly lle eison in oidei lo classily lle joL. !l is nol
necessaiy loi a eison lo lold qualilcalions al a ailiculai level in oidei loi lleii joL lo Le
classiled al a ailiculai !SCO-08 slill level. Tlus, loi examle, a eison wlo is emloyed in
a joL llal iequiies lle eiloimance ol lle lasls ol a Liicllayei slould Le classiled in \nil
Giou 7112: Biicllayeis and Relaled Woileis, wlellei oi nol llal eison lolds loimal quali-
lcalions as a Liicllayei oi is a good, Lad oi indieienl Liicllayei. Similaily, a eison wlo
3 Al lle lime ol uLlicalion il is undeislood llal lle ievision ol !SCLD-97 may Le comleled in 2011. Wlilsl llis
would nol imly any clange in lle Loundaiies Lelween !SCO-08 slill levels, lle !IO will iovide inloimalion
aLoul lle ielalionsli Lelween any new !SCLD levels ol educalion and !SCO-08 slill levels.
is emloyed in a joL llal iequiies lle eiloimance ol lle lasls ol a veleiinaiian slould Le
classiled in \nil Giou 2250: Veleiinaiians, wlellei oi nol llal eison lolds loimal quali-
lcalions as a veleiinaiian oi is comelenl lo eiloim llese lasls.
71. !inally, il slould Le noled llal lle concel ol slill level is alied Ly consideiing lle
level ol slill iequiied loi comelenl eiloimance ol lle lasls iequiied loi entry-level joLs in
a ailiculai occualional giou. Some individuals emloyed in occualions classiled al a
ailiculai slill level may lleieloie ossess liglei oi lowei slills. Tle level ol slill iequiied
loi moie senioi joLs in a ailiculai occualion may also Le liglei llan llal iequiied loi lle
occupation as a whole.
2.4 Dccupations for which formaI education requirements differ between countries
72. A ailiculaily signilcanl clange in lle alicalion ol lle concel ol slill level lo lle
design ol !SCO-08 ieecls lle iincile llal occualions llal involve lle eiloimance ol
lle same lasls slould always Le classiled in lle same lace, even il lle loimal educalional
qualilcalions iequiied oi leld may diei liom one counliy lo anollei.
73. A majoi ioLlem idenliled Ly useis ol !SCO-88 ielaled lo occualions llal iequiied lle
eiloimance ol similai lasls and dulies (oi conlenl) Lul lad a dieienl (liglei oi lowei) slill
level iequiiemenl, as measuied in ailiculai counliies Lased on loimal educalional qualilca-
lions. Tlis is Lecause, given dieiences in nalional educalion syslems, lle same occualion
iequiiing eiloimance ol Lioadly lle same sel ol lasls and dulies can Le undeilalen Ly in-
dividuals will dieienl levels ol loimal educalion, willoul aecling lle level ol slill iequiied
for competent performance of the tasks.4
74. Tle !SCO-88 guidelines iecommended llal occualions will liglei oi lowei slill iequiie-
menls, in lle nalional conlexl, llan llose assigned in !SCO-88 Le classiled lo lle majoi giou
coiiesonding lo lle slill level llal was iequiied loi sucl joLs in lle counliy conceined. Tlis
approach tended to reduce international comparability, as occupations with similar content in
leims ol lle lasls eiloimed weie classiled in dieienl !SCO-88 majoi gious deending on
lle counliy. Tlis was ailiculaily lle case wlen slill level was inleiieled iimaiily in leims
ol lle level ol loimal educalion and liaining iequiied in lle nalional conlexl.
75. Two ol lle mosl oLvious cases wleie llis was a ioLlem in !SCO-88 ielaled lo lle lieal-
ment of nurses and primary and pre-primary school teachers. In some countries, nurses and
leacleis iequiie a univeisily degiee wlile in olleis lley do nol. Al lle lime !SCO-88 was
adoled, llis silualion was iesolved Ly assigning llese occualions lo aiallel minoi gious,
in Majoi Gious 2 and 3. Tlese occualional gious weie lo Le used alleinalively, llal is,
counliies weie lo classily all leacleis and all nuises eillei in Majoi Giou 2 oi in Majoi
Giou 3, excel in cases wleie lleie weie ieal dieiences willin lle counliy in lle lasls and
dulies eiloimed. Given llal !SCO-88 desciilions loi leacleis and nuises weie idenlical
in both major groups, it is understandable that a number of countries made the distinction
Lelween iolessional and associale iolessional woileis on lle Lasis ol lle educalional level
ol lle joL loldei, oi ol lle lyical educalional iequiiemenls in lle counliy, and nol on lle
basis of the tasks and duties actually performed.
76. !oi !SCO-08, llis ioLlem is addiessed Ly giving joL conlenl (i.e. lasls and dulies) ii-
oiily ovei nalional educalion and liaining iequiiemenls. !n ollei woids, occualions llal
involve lle eiloimance ol Lioadly lle same sels ol lasls and dulies aie always classiled in
lle same calegoiy in !SCO-08, even in cases wleie nalional slill level iequiiemenls measuied
in leims ol loimal educalion aie dieienl. !l is loed llal llis will lead lo an imiovemenl
in international comparability.
77. A sel ol iinciles and guidelines was develoed lo lel decide wlal slill level slould Le
assigned lo occualions wlen educalion and liaining iequiiemenls diei among counliies.
4 !l may Le assumed, neveilleless, llal moie liglly qualiled oi exeiienced individuals migll eiloim lle same
lasls will a liglei level ol comelence llan llose wlo aie less qualiled.
Tlese iinciles aie oullined Lelow and weie alied in order of precedence in helping to de-
leimine wleie in lle !SCO-08 sliucluie ceilain occualions aie classiled.
(a) Tle comlexily and iange ol lle lasls and dulies involved in lle occualion was con-
sideied in ielalion lo lle delnilions loi eacl slill level, will ailiculai ieleience lo lle
claiacleiislic lasls and dulies associaled will eacl slill level.
(L) Wleie lle loimal educalion iequiiemenls weie dieienl in only a small numLei ol coun-
liies, lle slill level was deleimined on lle Lasis ol lle iequiiemenls llal alied in a laige
majority of countries.
(c) Wleie consideialion ol (a) and (L) aLove was inconclusive in dislinguisling Lelween Slill
Ievels1 and 2, occualions llal iequiied, in some counliies, comlelion ol lle lisl slage
ol secondaiy educalion (!SCLD-97 Ievel2) and, in ollei counliies, comlelion ol iimaiy
educalion only (!SCLD-97 Ievel1) weie classiled al Slill Ievel1. Tlis aioacl was lalen
because, in many highly industrialized countries, completion of the rst stage of secondary
educalion is moie oi less univeisal. !n sucl ciicumslances llose wlo lave nol comleled
lle lisl slage ol secondaiy educalion may nol Le aLle lo lnd emloymenl in even lle mosl
unskilled of jobs.
(d) Wleie consideialion ol (a), (L) and (c) aLove was inconclusive, lle silualion llal ievailed
in indusliialized counliies was geneially used lo deleimine lle slill level ol an occualion,
but only where there was a consistent approach across a clear majority of these countries.
!oi examle, il a degiee was iequiied loi enliy lo an occualion loi less llan lall ol lle
counliies llal aie memLeis ol lle Oiganisalion loi Lconomic Co-oeialion and Develo-
menl (OLCD), Lul a lwo-yeai diloma was iequiied in mosl ollei counliies, llen il may
lave Leen aioiiale lo assign lle occualion lo Slill Ievel3. Tle size ol counliies as
well as the number of countries was also taken into consideration in making judgements
ol llis lye. Tle ieason loi adoling llis aioacl was llal lle ievailing silualion in
indusliialized counliies was consideied lilely lo evenlually Lecome lle noim in ollei
counliies. Moieovei, lle liglei level ol qualilcalion was lilely lo Le a iequiiemenl loi
many occupational migration purposes.
2.5 CIassication structure and code scheme
78. !SCO-08 is designed so llal occualions aie aiianged inlo one ol 436 unil gious al lle
mosl delailed level ol lle classilcalion lieiaicly. !l is inlended llal all joLs in lle woild can
be assigned to one (and only one) of these unit groups. In general, each unit group is made
u ol seveial occualions llal lave a ligl degiee ol similaiily in leims ol slill level and
skill specialization. Unit groups are in turn arranged into minor groups, minor groups into
suL-majoi gious, and suL-majoi gious inlo majoi gious Lased on lle concel ol slill level
and on successively Lioadei alicalions ol lle concel ol slill secializalion.
79. All Lul lwo ol lle !SCO-08 majoi gious conlain occualions al only one ol lle loui
!SCO slill levels. All 43 ol lle suL-majoi gious conlain occualions al only one slill level.
Tlis means llal dala classiled al suL-majoi, minoi oi unil giou level ol !SCO-08 can Le
aggiegaled Ly slill level only, il desiied. Tlis is aclieved Ly ciealing lliee suL-majoi gious
in Majoi Giou 0: Aimed !oices Occualions, loi commissioned omceis, non-commissioned
omceis and ollei ianls; and Ly aiianging occualions in Majoi Giou 1: Manageis, so llal
all occualions nol al Slill Ievel4 aie in a single suL-majoi giou, al Slill Ievel3. Tlis is a
deailuie liom !SCO-88 in wlicl occualions in Majoi Giou 1: Iegislalois, Senioi Omcials
and Manageis, and Majoi Giou 0: Aimed !oices, weie nol assigned a slill level.
80. Iooling al lle lieiaiclical sliucluie ol !SCO-08 liom lle lo down, eacl ol lle len majoi
groups is made up of two or more sub-major groups, which in turn are made up of one or more
minoi gious. Lacl ol lle 130 minoi gious is made u ol one oi moie unil gious. Lacl
major group is denoted by a 1-digit code. Each sub-major group is denoted by a 2-digit code,
comprising the major group code plus one digit. In the same way, minor groups are denoted
Ly 3-digil codes and unil gious Ly 4-digil codes comiising lle liglei level code lus one
digil in eacl case. Tlis convenlion is illuslialed Ly lle lollowing examle:
Major Sroup 5 5ervices and 5aIes Workers
5ub-major Sroup 51 PersonaI 5ervices Workers
Minor Group 511 Travel Attendants, Conductors and Guides
Unit0rcups 5111 Travel/ttendantsandTravelStewards
5112 Transpcrt0cnductcrs
5113 Travel0uides
81. Ollei code convenlions used in !SCO-88 lave also Leen adoled in !SCO-08. !n ai-
ticular, where a minor group contains only one unit group the last digit in the unit group
code is 0. Wleie a unil giou is a iesidual giou il las lle same name as lle minoi giou
lollowed Ly lle woids nol elsewleie classiled and ils lnal digil is 9.
82. !l is imoilanl lo nole llal, wlile some !SCO-88 calegoiies lave nol Leen clanged, lle
code loi a ailiculai calegoiy may oi may nol lave clanged Lecause ol sliucluial clanges
aiound il. Similaily lle same code may ielei lo quile dieienl calegoiies in !SCO-88 and
!SCO-08. All conveision oi comaiison ol dala Lelween lle lwo classilcalion veisions slould,
lleieloie, Le undeilalen Ly ieleiiing lo lle coiiesondence laLles iovided in Pail !V.
2.6 Thematic views
83. !n addilion lo lle main classilcalion sliucluie, a sel ol slandaid llemalic giouings
oi views ol !SCO-08 is Leing develoed loi ceilain gious ol occualions, wleie lleie is a
need for a standardized approach towards the aggregation of occupational data according to a
ailiculai lleme. Tlese occualions aie nol gioued logellei in lle !SCO-08 main sliucluie
Lecause slill level lales iecedence. Tlemalic views aie llus a slandaid alleinalive way ol
aggiegaling occualional dala classiled al lle 4-digil level ol !SCO-08, accoiding lo asecls
ol slill secializalion, iimaiily lle goods and seivices ioduced. Tley aie inlended lo io-
vide guidance loi classilying occualions accoiding lo llese llemes, in oidei lo lacililale lle
compilation of internationally comparable statistics.
84. Tle llemalic views aie nol inlended lo Le mulually exclusive oi joinlly exlauslive. Some
unil gious may lleieloie Le lisled in moie llan one llemalic view, and some unil gious
may nol Le included in any llemalic view.
85. Tlemalic views, once lnalized, will Le ieleased eleclionically on lle !SCO weLsile. !l is
ioosed lo develo llemalic views ol occualions in lle aieas lisled Lelow. Tle need loi
llese ailiculai giouings las Leen lalen inlo accounl in lle design ol lle !SCO-08 sliucluie.
Slould lle need loi luillei llemalic views aiise llese will Le iovided as iequiied.
y Agiiculluie
y Construction
y Education
y Health
y Information and communication technology
y Touiism
2.7 Denitions of groups
Purpcse cf the dentcns
86. Tle main uiose ol lle delnilions ol lle gious in !SCO-08 is lo concisely delne lle
content of each group, so that countries can determine as consistently as possible where in the
ISCO structure a particular occupational group should be classied. It is hoped that this will
iomole lle accuiacy and inleinalional comaiaLilily ol dala in slalislical and adminislialive
alicalions. A sulemenlaiy uiose is lo iovide geneial desciilive inloimalion aLoul lle
naluie ol lle woil eiloimed in lle giou ol occualions conceined. Tleie was no inlenlion
lo cieale an occualional diclionaiy will delailed secilcalions ol woil lo Le eiloimed
in particular occupations.
87. To lle exlenl ossiLle, delnilions ol !SCO-08 gious aie inlended lo Le aLle lo sland
alone. In other words, the essence of a group should be able to be understood without making
reference to the denitions of other categories.
Structure and ccntent cf the dentcns
88. Tle oveiall sliucluie ol lle delnilions is lle same as llal used in !SCO-88, excel llal
the use of both notes and footnotes as addenda to denitions has been replaced by an optional
leld loi eacl delnilion called oles (see aia.96 Lelow).
89. All delnilions lleieloie Legin will a lead slalemenl, wlicl is lollowed Ly a slalemenl ol
lasls eiloimed and a lisl ol inclusions and, wleie necessaiy, exclusions and noles. A similai
aioacl is adoled loi gious al all levels ol lle classilcalion, alllougl lleie aie some dil-
leiences in loimal and woiding convenlions.
90. Tle lead slalemenl summaiizes lle scoe and Lasic naluie ol lle giou and usually
comprises one or two sentences. In general, the most important or key aspect of the work
performed, that distinguishes the group concerned from other groups, is mentioned rst. In
some cases a sentence is added that refers only to some of the occupations classied in the
group. It is not necessary for all jobs classied in a group to perform all kinds of work identi-
ed in the lead statement.
91. Statements of tasks performed indicate the main tasks typically, or usually, performed in
occualions classiled in lle giou. Tle slalemenl does nol geneially include all lasls ei-
formed in all jobs classied in the group, but may include some tasks that are important in
only some ol lle joLs classiled lleie. !n geneial, lisls ol lasls conlain Lelween lve and len
ilems, Lul lleie aie some cases wleie moie oi lewei ilems aie iequiied.
92. Tasls llal aie unique lo a ailiculai occualion willin a giou aie included as seaiale
items only if they are a particularly important component of the occupation concerned, and
cannot be incorporated in a more general statement that also applies to other occupations.
!oi examle, lle delnilion ol \nil Giou 2263: Lnviionmenlal and Occualional Healll and
Hygiene Professionals includes the following tasks that are specic to occupational health
and salely adviseis, Lecause llese aie ailiculaily imoilanl elemenls ol lle woil ol llal
occualion:
(a) iecoiding and invesligaling injuiies and equimenl damage, and ieoiling salely eiloi-
mance;
(b) coordinating arrangements for the compensation, rehabilitation and return to work of
injured workers.
93. Wlen a suL-majoi oi minoi giou conlains only one giou al lle nexl level down in lle
lieiaicly, lle suLslanlive conlenl ol lle lead slalemenl and lasl slalemenl is idenlical loi
both groups.
94. !oi majoi, suL-majoi and minoi gious, lle lisl ol lasls eiloimed is lollowed Ly a lisl ol
lle gious included al lle nexl level down in lle classilcalion lieiaicly. !oi unil gious lle
lisl ol lasls is lollowed Ly a lisl ol examles ol lle occualions classiled leie. Tlese lisls
aim lo give an indicalion ol lle occualions and joL lilles included in lle giou. Tley do nol
delne a llll lieiaiclical level ol lle classilcalion. Tle occualions lisled aie nol exlauslive
and in some cases are simply commonly occurring occupational titles, which may in reality
ielei lo lle same oi veiy similai occualions. Moie comielensive inloimalion aLoul lle de-
lailed conlenl ol eacl unil giou is iovided in lle Index of occupational titles, sorted in code
oidei. Tle uiose ol lle lisl ol included occualions is inloimalive iallei llan iesciilive,
and it should be borne in mind that the usage of occupational titles in some countries may
diei liom lle usage imlied in !SCO-08.
95. An olional lisl ol ielaled occualions classiled elsewleie is included wleie lleie is a
potential for confusion between occupations with similar titles or work content.
96. Some delnilions ol gious conlain addilional oles. Tle noles aie used iimaiily lo
clarify the boundaries between related groups where this may not be entirely clear based on
lle desciilive maleiial, wleie lleie is olenlial loi conlusion, oi il lleie is a need loi a com-
menl aLoul a ailiculai occualional giou. !n geneial, similai oi idenlical lexl aeais in
the notes added to all of the groups mentioned in a particular note, so that the denition of
each group may stand alone.
3. MAJDPCHANSE5BETWEEN!5CD-88AND!5CD-08
3.1 5ummary of changes and the reasons for them
97. Alllougl lle concelual model used lo guide lle develomenl ol !SCO-08 las nol Leen
lundamenlally clanged liom llal used in !SCO-88, lleie aie signilcanl dieiences in lle
liealmenl ol some occualional gious. Tlese dieiences ieecl lle need lo addiess conceins
aLoul secilc dimcullies exeiienced in lle use ol !SCO-88, as well as lle need lo ieecl oc-
cualional clange in lle 20-yeai eiiod since ils develomenl.
98. Tle oveiall syslem ol majoi gious, suL-majoi gious, minoi gious and unil gious
used in !SCO-88 las Leen ielained in !SCO-08. Tle len majoi gious al lle lo level ol lle
!SCO-88 sliucluie can slill Le lound in !SCO-08. Tle names ol some ol lle majoi gious
lave Leen clanged sligllly so as lo moie cleaily indicale lleii conlenl, and some occualional
gious lave Leen moved liom one majoi giou lo anollei. As a iesull, conveision ol dala
diieclly liom !SCO-88 majoi gious lo !SCO-08 majoi gious is nol ossiLle.
99. A numLei ol comlelely new suL-majoi gious, minoi gious and unil gious lave Leen
inlioduced lo !SCO-08, and seveial !SCO-88 gious al llese levels lave Leen meiged will
ollei gious oi slil inlo seveial gious.
100. Tlese clanges imly a Lieal in seiies Lelween slalislics Lased on !SCO-88 and !SCO-08
al all levels in lle classilcalion lieiaicly, alllougl lleie is a one-lo-one coiiesondence
Lelween some secilc gious Lelow lle majoi giou level. !ull laLles slowing all coiiesond-
ences al unil giou level Lelween !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 aie iovided in Pail !V. Tle laLles
aie iesenled in Loll !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 oidei.
101. Many ol lle clanges addiess conceins llal !SCO-88 was seiiously oul ol dale in some
aieas, mosl nolaLly as a iesull ol lle imacl ol develomenls in leclnology on iolessional,
technical and clerical work associated with the use of computers and telecommunications.
Some calegoiies in !SCO-88 lave lleieloie Leen meiged, slil oi moved lo ieecl occualional
and leclnological clange in lle laLoui mailel. ew calegoiies lave Leen ciealed lo allow
loi lle idenlilcalion ol new oi emeiging occualional gious. To assisl lime seiies analysis,
!SCO-88 unil gious lave nol Leen slil and joined lo ails ol ollei !SCO-88 unil gious,
excel wleie llis was unavoidaLle.
102. In addition, there are some changes in the way the ISCO conceptual model is applied
lo lle design ol lle classilcalion. Mosl nolaLly, lle naluie ol lle woil eiloimed las Leen
given moie emlasis llan loimal educalion and liaining iequiiemenls in deleimining lle
slill level ol an occualion.
103. Ollei clanges in lle classilcalion sliucluie iesond lo conceins llal !SCO-88 was exces-
sively delailed in some aieas and inadequalely delailed in olleis, and llal lleie was a wide
vaiialion in lle size ol some suL-majoi and minoi gious. Wleievei ossiLle, eoils lave Leen
made lo ensuie llal lle level ol delail iovided in !SCO-08 is aioiiale and uselul consideiing
its main purposes. It is intended that these changes will make it easier to produce estimates from
samle suiveys loi !SCO-08 suL-majoi and minoi gious llan was lle case will !SCO-88. Given
lle naluie ol lle occualional disliiLulion ol lle laLoui mailel al lle inleinalional level, and
lle vaiiely ol uses ol !SCO, llese conceins aLoul lle size ol gious and aLoul dieiing levels
ol delail in dieienl ails ol lle classilcalion weie imoilanl Lul nol oveiiiding consideialions.
104. !n some cases lleie weie conceins llal il was nol leasiLle lo male dislinclions Lelween
ceilain calegoiies in !SCO-88 on a consislenl Lasis inleinalionally, esecially consideiing lle
lind ol dala llal il is ossiLle lo collecl in a census oi in suiveys. !n sucl cases, loi examle lle
liealmenl ol manageiial occualions in agiiculluie, adjuslmenls lave Leen made in !SCO-08
lo imiove Loll consislency ol ieoiling and inleinalional comaiaLilily.
105. Some ol lle moie signilcanl clanges aie summaiized Lelow.
y Tle seclions ol lle classilcalion dealing will manageiial occualions lave Leen ieoi-
ganized so as lo oveicome ioLlems exeiienced Ly useis ol !SCO-88.
y Some addilional unil gious and one new minoi giou lave Leen ciealed loi selecled
sueivisoiy occualions, Lul only in aieas wleie sueivisois commonly eiloim sig-
nilcanlly dieienl lasls liom lle woileis lley sueivise.
y Occualions associaled will inloimalion and communicalion leclnology lave Leen
udaled and exanded, allowing loi lle idenlilcalion ol iolessional and associale
professional occupations in this eld as sub-major groups.
y !SCO-88 included aiallel gious aeaiing in dieienl majoi gious lo calei loi cases
wleie lle educalion and liaining iequiiemenls loi a ailiculai occualional giou dil-
leied Lelween counliies Lecause ol dieiences in iesonsiLililies and degiee ol sueivi-
sion.Paiallel gious do nol aeai in !SCO-08 wlen lle lasls eiloimed aie essenlially
the same.
y Occualions conceined will lle iovision ol lealll seivices lave Leen exanded,
in oidei lo iovide sumcienl delail lo allow !SCO-08 lo Le used as lle Lasis loi lle
inleinalional ieoiling ol dala on lle lealll woilloice. Tlese occualions lave Leen
gioued logellei, wleie ossiLle, lo iovide lwo suL-majoi gious and a seaiale
minoi giou devoled lo occualions in lealll seivices.
y Tle seclion ol lle classilcalion dealing will omce cleils las Leen ieoiganized lo ieecl
lle incieasing imacl ol inloimalion and communicalions leclnology and lo iovide
more meaningful detail for occupations in which large numbers of women are employed.
y Tle aggiegale gious loi sales and seivice woileis las Leen ieoiganized, including lle
iovision ol new suL-majoi gious loi eisonal seivices woileis, eisonal caie woileis
and ioleclive seivices woileis.
y Moie delailed calegoiies and giealei claiily aie iovided loi some occualional gious
involved in agiiculluie.
y Moie delailed calegoiies aie iovided loi occualions involved in lle iovision ol in-
loimalion and seivices lo clienls, including llose ielaled lo louiism.
y Tle gious loi lanl and macline oeialois lave Leen iesliucluied and ieoiganized in
iesonse lo conceins llal llis ail ol !SCO-88 was excessively delailed and oul-ol-dale
in some areas.
y Tle coveiage and visiLilily ol occualions llal aie signilcanl in inloimal emloymenl5
lave Leen imioved, leading lo an associaled inciease in lle numLei ol suL-majoi
gious in !SCO-08 Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Occualions, comaied lo !SCO-88.
106. Tle iesull ol llese clanges is a modesl inciease in delail al eacl level ol lle classilca-
lion excel al lle lo level. Tlese clanges aie nol disliiLuled evenly acioss lle classilcalion
sliucluie lowevei. TaLle 3 slows llal lle numLei ol unil gious in Majoi Giou 2: Pioles-
sionals, and Majoi Giou 5: Seivices and Sales Woileis, las incieased signilcanlly, wleieas
lle numLei ol unil gious in Majoi Giou 8: Planl and Macline Oeialois, and AssemLleis
has signicantly decreased.
Tabe3. NumbersofgroupsaLeacheveofISC0-08
Major group Sub-major groups Minor groups Unit groups
1 Manageis 4 (3) 11 (8) 31 (33)
2 Professionals 6 (4) 27 (18) 92 (55)
3 Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals 5 (4) 20 (21) 84 (73)
4 Cleiical Suoil Woileis 4 (2) 8 (7) 29 (23)
5 Seivices and Sales Woileis 4 (2) 13 (9) 40 (23)
6 Slilled Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy Woileis 3 (2) 9 (6) 18 (17)
7 Ciall and Relaled Tiades Woileis 5 (4) 14 (16) 66 (70)
8 Planl and Macline Oeialois, and AssemLleis 3 ( 14 (20) 40 (70)
9 Elementary Occupations 6 (3) 11 (10) 33 (25)
0 Aimed !oices Occualions 3 (1) 3 (1) 3 (1)
Total ISCO-08 (ISCO-88) 43 (28) 130 (116) 436 (390)
ole: umLeis loi !SCO-88 aie slown in Liaclels wleie dilleienl.
5 For information on the denition of informal employment see Guidelines concerning the statistical denition of
informal employment adoled Ly lle Sevenleenll !CIS in 2003, in !IO, 2004.
3.2 ManageriaI and supervisory occupations
Manaers, sencr cfcals and leslatcrs
107. Manageiial occualions classiled in Majoi Giou 1 weie ieoiganized lo oveicome ioL-
lems will lle dislinclion Lelween coioiale manageis and geneial manageis exeiienced
Ly useis ol !SCO-88. Tlese clanges addiess ioLlems caused Ly lle use, in !SCO-88, ol cal-
egoiies Lased on classilcalions ol indusliial aclivilies as well as a numLei ol ollei leclnical
and practical concerns.
108. !n !SCO-08 manageiial occualions aie oiganized along lunclional iallei llan indus-
liial lines. Tlis means llal manageis will secialisl lunclions sucl as luman iesouices oi
manulacluiing ioduclion aie idenlilaLle, iiieseclive ol lle indusliy lley woil in oi ol
whether they manage a department in a large enterprise or manage a small enterprise whose
Lusiness is lo iovide llal lunclion.
109. !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 121: Diieclois and Cliel Lxeculives aeais in !SCO-08 as Minoi
Giou 112: Managing Diieclois and Cliel Lxeculives. !l was gioued will !SCO-88 SuL-
majoi Giou 11: Iegislalois and Senioi Omcials lo loim !SCO-08 SuL-majoi Giou 11: Cliel
Lxeculives, Senioi Omcials and Iegislalois. All joLs llal iequiie leadeisli and managemenl
ol laige and comlex oiganizalions, llal lyically lave a lieiaicly ol manageis, aie llus clas-
sied in a single sub-major group, with more detailed breakdowns at minor and unit group
levels.
110. Tle iemaindei ol !SCO-88 SuL-majoi Giou 12: Coioiale Manageis, and SuL-majoi
Giou 13: Geneial Manageis, aie ielaced Ly lliee new suL-majoi gious iesulling in lle
lollowing suL-majoi giou sliucluie loi !SCO-08 Majoi Giou 1: Manageis:
11 Chief Executives, 5enior DfciaIs and LegisIators
12 Administrative and CommerciaI Managers
13 Production and 5peciaIized 5ervices Managers
14 HospitaIity, PetaiI and Dther 5ervices Managers
111. 1oLs in Loll SuL-majoi Gious 12 and 13 geneially iequiie ligl levels ol slill in secilc
lelds, lyically acquiied as lle iesull ol an exlended univeisily educalion and seveial yeais
ol exeiience in a ielaled occualion classiled in Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals. Tlese occu-
alions aie associaled (along will llose in SuL-majoi Giou 11) will lle liglesl !SCO slill
level (Ievel4). Occualions in SuL-majoi Giou 14 aie associaled will !SCO Slill Ievel3.
112. SuL-majoi Giou 12: Adminislialive and Commeicial Manageis includes lle manageis
ol oiganizalional unils llal lyically iovide seivices oi suoil lunclions acioss oiganiza-
lions. Tley may Le manageis ol deailmenls willin comanies oi goveinmenl deailmenls,
oi lle manageis ol small comanies llal iovide llese seivices lo ollei oiganizalions. Tle
ieciuilmenl managei ol a laige coioialion and lle managei ol a small comany llal iovides
ieciuilmenl seivices lo ollei oiganizalions aie Loll classiled in !SCO-08 \nil Giou 1212:
Human Resouice Manageis, as lley lave iimaiy slills in common. !n !SCO-88 lle loimei
would lave Leen classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 12: Coioiale Manageis, and lle lallei in
SuL-majoi Giou 13: Geneial Manageis. Manageiial occualions llal iequiie ligl levels ol
slill in adminislialive, lnancial oi commeicial malleis aie llus now classiled in a single suL-
majoi giou and aie idenlilaLle al unil giou level accoiding lo lle ailiculai iolessional
and leclnical slills iequiied.
113. SuL-majoi Giou 13: Pioduclion and Secialized Seivices Manageis is loi manageis
iesonsiLle loi managemenl ol lle ioduclion ol lle goods oi seivices iovided Ly lle oi-
ganizalion llal lley woil in. Manageis ol deailmenls in laige oiganizalions oi manageis
ol small oiganizalions locused on lle ioduclion ol goods, oi ol secialized seivices (excel
adminislialive and commeicial seivices), aie llus included in a single suL-majoi giou and
organized into minor groups or unit groups according to the type of specialized production
oi seivice iovision.
114. !SCO-88 \nil Giou 1221: Pioduclion and Oeialions Deailmenl Manageis in Agii-
culture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing has been replaced with a new minor group containing
lwo unil gious, as slown Lelow. Tlis giou is iesliicled lo llose wlo manage ioduclion
in laige-scale enleiiises sucl as iancles and lanlalions llal lyically lave a lieiaicly ol
managers.
131 Production Managers in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
1311 /griculturalandFcrestryPrcducticnManagers
1312 /quacultureandFisheriesPrcducticnManagers
115. !SCO-88 \nil Giou 1311: Geneial Manageis in Agiiculluie, Hunling, !oiesliy and
!isling las Leen iemoved liom Majoi Giou 1. Tle occualions included willin llis cal-
egoiy weie moved lo !SCO-08 SuL-majoi Giou 61: Mailel-oiienled Slilled Agiiculluial
Woileis, oi lo SuL-majoi Giou 62: Mailel-oiienled Slilled !oiesliy, !isleiy and Hunling
Woileis. Tley weie meiged will lle ielevanl gious ol slilled agiiculluial, lunling, loiesliy
oi lsleiy woileis. Tle ieason loi llis clange is llal lle dislinclion, in !SCO-88, Lelween
llis giou and laimeis llal do nol lave a signilcanl managemenl lunclion is nol leasiLle in
a numLei ol counliies. Tlis led lo signilcanl inconsislencies in lle inleinalional ieoiling
of data.
116. 1oLs in SuL-majoi Giou 14: Hosilalily, Relail and Ollei Seivices Manageis geneially,
alllougl nol exclusively, involve managemenl ol ielalively small oiganizalions llal do nol
lave a lieiaicly ol manageis. Tley do nol noimally iequiie loimal educalional qualilcalions
al iolessional level. !l slould Le noled, lowevei, llal manageis ol laige ielail and losilalily
establishments, such as large supermarkets, department stores or hotels, are also classied in
lle ielevanl unil gious in SuL-majoi Giou 14. Alllougl some sucl eslaLlislmenls may lave
a lieiaicly ol manageis, il is neillei iaclical noi uselul lo classily manageis ol veiy laige
supermarkets or hotels separately from the managers of medium-sized and small ones. Chief
execulive omceis and secialized manageis ol lolel managemenl comanies, ielail clains and
lolel clains aie neveilleless classiled in lle ielevanl unil giou in SuL-majoi Gious 11, 12
oi 13, il lley aie iesonsiLle loi aclivilies ol gious ol lolels oi sales oullels.
117. It is also important to note that owner-operators and employee-operators of businesses
aie only classiled in Majoi Giou 1 il managemenl lasls aie a signilcanl comonenl ol lle
woil. Delnilional noles aie iovided lo male il cleai llal oeialois ol slos, guesl louses,
cales, ieslauianls, Lais and similai eslaLlislmenls, loi wlom managemenl and sueivision
ol sla is nol a signilcanl comonenl ol lle woil, aie classiled elsewleie, usually in Majoi
Giou 5: Seivices and Sales Woileis. Alllougl llis dislinclion is nol concelually dieienl
liom lle aioacl adoled undei !SCO-88, lle aLsence ol exlicil advice aLoul lle liealmenl
ol llis giou may lave led, in some nalional alicalions oi adalalions ol !SCO-88, lo lle
inclusion ol ielalively laige numLeis ol oeialois ol small Lusiness in !SCO-88 SuL-majoi
Giou 13: Geneial Manageis.
118. A new \nil Giou 5221: Sloleeeis is iovided loi lle ailiculaily imoilanl giou ol
workers who own and operate retail shops either independently or with support from a small
number of others. Operators of guest houses, restaurants, cafs and similar establishments
aie classiled accoiding lo lle main lasls eiloimed, loi examle as domeslic louseleeeis,
cooks or waiters.
Supervscry cccupatcns
119. !n !SCO-88 sueivisois weie geneially classiled in lle same unil giou as lle woileis
lley sueivised. Many counliies, lowevei, considei il imoilanl lo dislinguisl sueivisois
liom ollei woileis, including manageis, in secilc seclois wleie sueivisois do nol mainly
eiloim lle same lasls as lle woileis sueivised. To ieecl llis concein, unil gious loi su-
eivisoiy occualions aie included in !SCO-08 loi selecled sueivisoiy occualional gious.
120. Due lo lle addilional slill level iequiiemenls loi some sueivisoiy joLs, a new Minoi
Giou 312: Mining, Manulacluiing and Consliuclion Sueivisois was ciealed in SuL-majoi
Giou 31: Science and Lngineeiing Associale Piolessionals. !oi similai ieasons, a unil
giou loi omce sueivisois is included in Minoi Giou 334: Adminislialive and Secialized
Secretaries.
121. Tle sueivisoiy unil gious in !SCO-08 aie:
3121 MiningSuperviscrs
3122 ManuacturingSuperviscrs
3123 0cnstructicnSuperviscrs
3341 0ce Superviscrs
5151 0leaning and Hcusekeeping Superviscrs in 0ces, Hctels
and0therEstablishments
5222 ShcpSuperviscrs
122. All ollei sueivisoiy occualions aie classiled in lle same unil giou as lle mosl slilled
woileis sueivised. Delnilional maleiial is iovided loi ielevanl calegoiies, lo ensuie llal
lle dislinclions Lelween manageiial, sueivisoiy and ollei occualions in !SCO-08 aie as
clear as possible.
3.3 ProfessionaI and technicaI occupations
Infcrmatcn and ccmmuncatcns technclcy (ICT)
123. Teclnological clange ovei lle 20-yeai eiiod since !SCO-88 was develoed meanl llal
!SCO-88 was ailiculaily oul ol dale will iesecl lo occualions involved in lle iovision
ol goods and seivices ielaled lo inloimalion and communicalions leclnology (!CT). Tle sig-
nilcanl udale and exansion ol calegoiies loi llese occualions allows lle idenlilcalion in
!SCO-08 ol iolessional and associale iolessional occualions in !CT as suL-majoi gious
al lle second level ol lle classilcalion, as slown Lelow.
25 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy ProfessionaIs
251 Software and Applications Developers and Analysts
2511 Systems/nalysts
2512 SctwareDevelcpers
2513 webandMultimediaDevelcpers
2514 /pplicaticnsPrcgrammers
2519 Sctware and /pplicaticns Develcpers and /nalysts Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
252 Database and Network Professionals
2521 DatabaseDesignersand/dministratcrs
2522 Systems/dministratcrs
2523 0cmputerNetwcrkPrcessicnals
2529 Database and Netwcrk Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
35 !nformation and Communications Technicians
351 Information and Communications Technology Operations and User Support Technicians
3511 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgy0peraticnsTechnicians
3512 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgyUserSuppcrtTechnicians
3513 0cmputerNetwcrkandSystemsTechnicians
3514 webTechnicians
352 Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians
3521 Brcadcastingand/udicvisualTechnicians
3522 TeleccmmunicaticnsEngineeringTechnicians
124. Tle ioosed llemalic view loi !CT occualions will include all ol lle occualions in
SuL-majoi Gious 25 and 35 lisled aLove, as well as a numLei ol ollei unil gious llal ii-
maiily involve lle ioduclion ol !CT goods and seivices sucl as:
1330 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgyServicesManagers
2152 ElectrcnicsEngineers
2153 TeleccmmunicaticnsEngineers
2166 0raphicandMultimediaDesigners
2356 ncrmaticnTechnclcgyTrainers
2434 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgySalesPrcessicnals
7422 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgynstallersandServicers
125. Tle giowing conveigence Lelween inloimalion and lelecommunicalions leclnologies is
ieecled Ly including unil gious llal aie secilc lo lelecommunicalions (including Lioad-
casling) in lle same minoi gious as ollei occualions in !CT. !n addilion, some unil gious
covei Loll inloimalion and lelecommunicalions leclnologies wleie lleie is conveigence in
lle slills iequiied in lle laLoui mailel including, loi examle, \nil Giou 7422: !nloimalion
and Communicalions Teclnology !nslalleis and Seiviceis.
126. !SCO-08 includes many occualions llal involve secialized slills in lle use ol !CT as
a lool, oi wleie lle use ol llese leclnologies is a majoi comonenl ol lle woil. Tlese occu-
alions aie nol included in lle lwo suL-majoi gious menlioned aLove, noi is il inlended lo
include llem in lle ioosed llemalic view, as lley do nol iimaiily involve lle ioduclion
ol !CT goods and seivices. Lxamles ol !SCO-08 unil gious wleie lle use ol !CT as a lool
is an imoilanl delning claiacleiislic include lle lollowing:
3211 MedicalmagingandTherapeuticEquipmentTechnicians
4222 0cntact0entrencrmaticn0lerks
5244 0cntact0entreSalesperscns
Health servces cccupatcns
127. Tle coveiage ol lealll seivices occualions las Leen exlended lo iovide sumcienl delail
lo allow !SCO-08 lo Le used as lle Lasis loi lle inleinalional ieoiling ol dala on lle lealll
workforce to the World Health Organization (WHO).6 Tle clanges also seel lo addiess ioL-
lems of comparability between countries caused by difculties in distinguishing between cer-
tain occupational groups, particularly in nursing.
128. To imiove lle visiLilily ol slalislics on lle lealll woilloice, new suL-majoi gious loi
lealll occualions lave Leen ciealed in Majoi Gious 2 and 3. Tle sliucluie ol lle new SuL-
majoi Gious 22: Healll Piolessionals and 32: Healll Associale Piolessionals is iesenled
Lelow:
22 HeaIthProfessionaIs
221 Medical Doctors
2211 0eneralistMedicalPractiticners
2212 SpecialistMedicalPractiticners
222 Nursing and Midwifery Professionals
2221 NursingPrcessicnals
2222 MidwieryPrcessicnals
223 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals
2230 Traditicnaland0cmplementaryMedicinePrcessicnals
224 Paramedical Practitioners
2240 ParamedicalPractiticners
225 Veterinarians
2250 \eterinarians
226 Other Health Professionals
2261 Dentists
2262 Pharmacists
2263 Envircnmentaland0ccupaticnalHealthandHygienePrcessicnals
6 !oi a discussion on lle use ol classilcalion sclemes in lealll woilloice analysis see Hunlei, Dal Poz and
Kunjumen, 2009.
2264 Physictherapists
2265 DieticiansandNutriticnists
2266 /udiclcgistsandSpeechTherapists
2267 0ptcmetristsand0phthalmic0pticians
2269 Health Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
32 HeaIthAssociateProfessionaIs
321 Medical and Pharmaceutical Technicians
3212 MedicalandPathclcgyLabcratcryTechnicians
3213 PharmaceuticalTechniciansand/ssistants
3214 MedicalandDentalPrcstheticTechnicians
322 Nursing and Midwifery Associate Professionals
3221 Nursing/sscciatePrcessicnals
3222 Midwiery/sscciatePrcessicnals
323 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals
3230 Traditicnaland0cmplementaryMedicine/sscciatePrcessicnals
324 Veterinary Technicians and Assistants
3240 \eterinaryTechniciansand/ssistants
325 Other Health Associate Professionals
3251 Dental/ssistantsandTherapists
3252 MedicalReccrdsandHealthncrmaticnTechnicians
3253 0cmmunityHealthwcrkers
3254 Dispensing0pticians
3255 PhysictherapyTechniciansand/ssistants
3256 Medical/ssistants
3257 Envircnmentaland0ccupaticnalHealthnspectcrsand/sscciates
3258 /mbulancewcrkers
3259 Health /sscciate Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
129. A numLei ol ollei oinls ol dieience Lelween !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 slould Le noled
in lle liealmenl ol iolessional and associale iolessional occualions in lealll. !n !SCO-08:
y Seaiale unil gious aie iovided loi geneialisl and secialisl medical iaclilioneis.
y Seaiale unil gious aie iovided loi nuising and midwileiy occualions al Loll io-
lessional and associale iolessional level.
y Tle dislinclion Lelween iolessional and associale iolessional nuises and midwives is
made on lle Lasis ol lle lye ol woil eiloimed and nol on lle Lasis ol lle qualilca-
lions leld (oi lyically leld) Ly individuals in lle counliy conceined. Tle dieiences in
lle lasls eiloimed lave Leen made cleai in lle delnilions ol llese calegoiies.
y A new Minoi Giou 224: Paiamedical Piaclilioneis las Leen ciealed. 1oLs llal weie clas-
siled lo !SCO-88 \nil Giou 3221: Medical Assislanls slould Le classiled in llis minoi
giou, il lley involve lle iovision ol advisoiy, diagnoslic, cuialive and ievenlive caie
seivices eillei woiling aulonomously oi undei limiled sueivision ol medical doclois.
y Veleiinaiians and veleiinaiy leclnicians and assislanls aie included in lle suL-majoi
gious loi lealll iolessionals and associale iolessionals ieseclively, Lecause ol lle
sliong similaiily will luman lealll occualions in lle leld ol lnowledge iequiied and
lasls eiloimed. Tley aie idenliled al minoi giou level so llal dala on occualions
llal involve lle iovision ol luman lealll seivices can Le comiled, Ly exclusion, liom
dala ieoiled al llis level.
y AmLulance woileis aie classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 32, wleieas in !SCO-88 lley
weie included in Majoi Giou 5: Seivice Woileis and Slo and Mailel Sales Woileis.
y Emergency paramedics are classied in the same unit group as ambulance ofcers, as
it is difcult to distinguish them from ambulance workers in statistical collections in
some countries.
y Medical and denlal iosllelic and ielaled leclnicians lave Leen moved liom !SCO-88
Majoi Giou 7: Ciall and Relaled Tiades Woileis lo !SCO-08 SuL-majoi Giou 32.
130. Tle clanges in lle classilcalion ol iaclilioneis ol liadilional and comlemenlaiy medi-
cine aie ailiculaily signilcanl. Piaclilioneis ol liadilional medicine exisl al iolessional
level (!SCO Slill Ievel4) in laige numLeis in many Asian counliies, and aie incieasing in
numLei in oill Ameiica and Luioe. Tlese occualions geneially iequiie exlensive loimal
educalion in Loll liadilional and modein (alloallic) medicine. Minoi gious weie lleieloie
created for traditional and complementary medicine professionals, and for traditional and
comlemenlaiy medicine associale iolessionals, ielacing lle single unil giou in Majoi
Giou 3 iovided in !SCO-88. A discussion on lle Loundaiies Lelween llese lwo gious can
Le lound in seclion 4.4 Lelow.
131. !n addilion lo lle clanges made loi iolessional and associale iolessional occualions
in lealll, a seaiale SuL-majoi Giou 53: Peisonal Caie Woileis is also iovided. Tlis giou
ielaces !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 513: Peisonal Caie and Relaled Woileis. Tlose involved in
lle iovision ol lealll seivices aie idenliled seaialely al lle minoi giou level liom llose
involved in clild caie, as lollows:
53 PersonaI Care Workers
531 Child Care Workers and Teachers Aides
5311 0hild0arewcrkers
5312 Teachers/ides
532 Personal Care Workers in Health Services
5321 Health0are/ssistants
5322 Hcme-basedPerscnal0arewcrkers
5329 Perscnal 0are wcrkers in Health Services Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
132. !l is inlended llal lle occualions involved in lle iovision ol luman lealll seivices in
SuL-majoi Gious 21, 31 and 53 (llal is, excluding llose minoi gious ielaling lo veleiinaiy
caie and clild caie) will Le included in lle ioosed llemalic view loi lealll occualions.
A numLei ol ollei unil gious llal weie nol seaialely idenliled in !SCO-88 may also Le
included, in ailiculai:
1342 HealthServicesManagers
1343 /ged0areServicesManagers
3344 MedicalSecretaries
Teachers
133. !n !SCO-88, iimaiy sclool leacleis and ie-iimaiy sclool leacleis weie classiled
in eillei Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals oi Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale Pio-
lessionals. Tle inlenlion was llal lle dislinclion slould deend on lle secilc lasls and
degiee ol iesonsiLilily in execuling llem, as well as on lle nalional educalion and liaining
iequiiemenls. !n iaclice lle dislinclion was ollen Lased on lle qualilcalions leld Ly indi-
viduals, oi on lle qualilcalions iedominanlly leld in a ailiculai counliy. Tlis aioacl
is nol consislenl will lle iincile adoled loi !SCO-08 llal occualions llal iequiie lle
eiloimance ol similai lasls slould Le classiled in lle same giou. Alllougl in a numLei
ol counliies llese leacleis do nol iequiie lle same level ol educalion and liaining as sec-
ondaiy sclool leacleis, il was agieed llal lley slould all Le classiled in Majoi Giou 2.
Tlis ieecls Loll lle naluie ol lle woil eiloimed and lle iequiiemenl in many counliies
llal iimaiy and ie-iimaiy sclool leacleis slould Le educaled al leasl lo univeisily
degiee level.
134. Calegoiies lave also Leen iovided loi vocalional educalion leacleis and loi some se-
cialized calegoiies ol leaclei. Tlose wlo leacl vocalional suLjecls llal ieaie sludenls loi
emloymenl in a ailiculai occualional giou aie classiled in \nil Giou 2320: Vocalional
Lducalion Teacleis, wlellei lley woil in a geneial secondaiy sclool oi in a vocalional oi
technical school or college.
Arts, entertanment, desn and spcrts cccupatcns
135. Occualions in ails, enleilainmenl, design and soil weie classiled in !SCO-88 in Minoi
Gious 245: Wiileis and Ciealive oi Peiloiming Ailisls and 347: Ailislic, Lnleilainmenl and
Soils Associale Piolessionals. Tlis meanl llal musicians and danceis, loi examle, weie
classiled in dieienl majoi gious deending on wlellei oi nol lley eiloimed in classical
oi less loimal sellings. Tlis does nol ieecl lle iealily ol conlemoiaiy emloymenl in ails
and entertainment.
136. !n iesonse lo llis and lo a iange ol ollei conceins aLoul lle liealmenl ol llese occua-
lions in !SCO-88, lle lollowing clanges lave Leen made in !SCO-08:
(a) Tle ails- and media-ielaled unil gious in !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 347 lave Leen meiged,
wleie ossiLle, will lle equivalenl unil gious liom !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 245.
(L) A new Minoi Giou 264: Aullois, 1ouinalisls and Iinguisls las Leen ciealed. Tlis allows
lle seaiale idenlilcalion al unil giou level ol aullois and ielaled wiileis; jouinalisls;
and translators, interpreters and other linguists.
(c) Tle iemaining ails woileis aie classiled in a new Minoi Giou 265: Ciealive and Pei-
loiming Ailisls, wleie addilional delail is iovided al unil giou level Ly idenlilying aclois
separately from lm, stage and related directors and producers.
(d) !SCO-88 \nil Giou 3471: Decoialois and Commeicial Designeis las Leen slil lo loim
lliee new unil gious:
2163 Prcductand0armentDesigners
3432 ntericrDesignersandDeccratcrs
(e) A new Minoi Giou 216: Aiclilecls, Planneis, Suiveyois and Designeis las Leen ciealed
in iecognilion llal Luilding, gialic, mullimedia and ollei design occualions all iequiie
a comLinalion ol lunclional, ciealive and ailislic slills.
(l) A new Minoi Giou 342: Soils and !ilness Woileis las Leen ciealed.
(g) Plologialeis aie seaialely idenliled liom ollei image and sound iecoiding equimenl
oeialois (wlo aie classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 35: !nloimalion and Communicalions
Teclnicians).
(l) A new Minoi Giou 343: Ailislic, Culluial and Culinaiy Associale Piolessionals las
Leen ciealed and conlains lle new unil gious loi lologialeis; inleiioi designeis and
decoialois; galleiy, museum and liLiaiy leclnicians; clels; and a iesidual calegoiy.
Enneern prcfesscnals
137. !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 214: Aiclilecls, Lngineeis and Relaled Piolessionals las Leen
slil. Tlis allows lle inclusion ol aiclilecls, cailogialeis, suiveyois and lown and liamc
lanneis in lle new Minoi Giou 216 menlioned aLove. A new Minoi Giou 215: Llecliolecl-
nology Engineers includes separate unit groups for electrical, electronics and telecommunica-
lions engineeis. !ndusliial and ioduclion engineeis, and enviionmenlal engineeis, aie now
seaialely idenliled as unil gious in Minoi Giou 214: Lngineeiing Piolessionals (excluding
Lleclioleclnology) along will lle iemaining unil gious liom !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 214.
Specalzed admnstratve cccupatcns
138. ew minoi gious and unil gious aie iovided in Majoi Gious 1, 2 and 3 lo allow loi
lle Lellei idenlilcalion ol occualions llal involve lle develomenl, imlemenlalion and ad-
minislialion ol goveinmenl and coioiale olicy, and ol adminislialive occualions iequiiing
liglly secialized slills. Tlese include Lul aie nol iesliicled lo:
121 Business Services and Administration Managers
1211 FinanceManagers
1212 HumanRescurceManagers
1213 PclicyandPlanningManagers
1219 Business Services and /dministraticn Managers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
122 Sales, Marketing and Development Managers
1221 SalesandMarketingManagers
1222 /dvertisingandPublicRelaticnsManagers
1223 ResearchandDevelcpmentManagers
242 Administration Professionals
2421 Managementand0rganizaticn/nalysts
2422 Pclicy/dministraticnPrcessicnals
2423 Perscnneland0areersPrcessicnals
2424 TrainingandStaDevelcpmentPrcessicnals
334 Administrative and Specialized Secretaries
3342 LegalSecretaries
3343 /dministrativeandExecutiveSecretaries
3344 MedicalSecretaries
139. Tlese clanges aie aimed, in ail, al addiessing conceins llal !SCO-88 caleied inad-
equalely loi adminislialive occualions in goveinmenl seivice. Wlilsl all ol lle occualions
lisled aLove aie ielevanl loi Loll lle uLlic and iivale seclois, some ol llem aie ailiculaily
ielevanl loi lle uLlic secloi, mosl nolaLly \nil Gious 1213: Policy and Planning Manageis
and 2422: Policy Adminislialion Piolessionals.
140. Will lle excelion ol some veiy secilc gious, sucl as llose occualions included
in Minoi Giou 335: Goveinmenl Regulaloiy Associale Piolessionals, !SCO-08 males no
dislinclion Lelween adminislialive occualions in lle uLlic secloi and lle iivale secloi.
Almosl all !SCO-08 unil gious may lleieloie include joLs in Loll seclois. !n deleimining
lle mosl aioiiale !SCO-08 code loi joLs in lle civil seivice, lleieloie, il is imoilanl lo
considei lle naluie ol lle woil eiloimed iallei llan classilying joLs Lased only on lle civil
seivice giade oi joL lille.
Sub-majcr and mncr rcup structures fcr prcfesscnal and techncal cccupatcns
141. Tle clanges discussed in lle seclions aLove, comLined will lle iovision ol addilional
detail in a number of other areas of the classication, necessitated a signicant reorganiza-
lion ol lle sliucluies ol Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals and Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and
Associale Piolessionals. Tlis ieoiganizalion was also guided Ly a desiie lo avoid ielaining
gious al lle second and lliid levels ol lle classilcalion lieiaicly llal weie excessively small
in leims ol lle lolal numLei ol joLs counled in eacl giou. Tle suL-majoi giou sliucluies
loi Majoi Gious 2 and 3 ol !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 aie comaied in laLles 4 and 5.
Tabe4. Sub-ma|orgroupsnMa|or0roup2.Professonas,ISC0-88andISC0-08
ISCO-88
code
ISCO-88 title ISCO-08
code
ISCO-08 title
21 Plysical, Mallemalical and
Engineering Science Professionals
21 Science and Engineering Professionals
22 Life Science and Health Professionals 22 Health Professionals
23 Teacling Piolessionals 23 Teacling Piolessionals
24 Other Professionals 24 Business and Adminislialion Piolessionals
25 !nloimalion and Communicalions Teclnology
Professionals
26 Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals
Tabe5. Sub-ma|orgroupsnMa|or0roup3.TechncansandAssocaLeProfessonas,
ISC0-88andISC0-08
ISCO-88
code
code
ISCO-08 title
31 Physical and Engineering Science
Associale Piolessionals
31 Science and Lngineeiing Associale
Professionals
32 Iile Science and Healll Associale
Professionals
32 Healll Associale Piolessionals
33 Teacling Associale Piolessionals 33 Business and Adminislialion Associale
Professionals
34 Ollei Associale Piolessionals 34 Iegal, Social, Culluial and Relaled Associale
Professionals
35 !nloimalion and Communicalions Teclnicians
3.4 CIericaI, saIes and services occupations
Dfce clerks
142. !SCO-88 SuL-majoi Giou 41: Omce Cleils las Leen slil inlo lliee suL-majoi gious
lo ieecl lle imacl ol develomenls in !CT on lle oiganizalion ol woil, and lo iovide moie
meaningful detail for occupations in which large numbers of women are employed. Sub-major
Giou 42: Cuslomei Seivices Cleils las Leen ielained. !SCO-08 Majoi Giou 4: Cleiical
Suoil Woileis llus comiises loui suL-majoi gious:
41 SeneraI and Keyboard CIerks
42 Customer 5ervices CIerks
43 NumericaI and MateriaI Pecording CIerks
44 Dther CIericaI 5upport Workers
143. Ollei clanges aecling omce cleils include:
y a new minoi giou loi geneial omce cleils (411), in line will iaclice in a numLei ol
nalional occualion classilcalions;
y slilling !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 411: Secielaiies and KeyLoaid-oeialing Cleils, lo
iovide seaiale minoi gious loi llose cleils wlo iimaiily oeiale leyLoaids and
loi geneial secielaiies;
y lle meiging ol loui !SCO-88 unil gious inlo lwo !SCO-08 unil gious loi leyLoaid
oeialois 4131: Tyisls and Woid Piocessing Oeialois, and 4132: Dala Lnliy Cleils;
y lle seaiale idenlilcalion ol liLiaiy cleils liom lling and coying cleils; and
y a new unit group for personnel clerks.
Dccupatcns nvclved n the prcvscn cf nfcrmatcn and servces tc clents
144. Tle scoe ol !SCO-88 SuL-majoi Giou 42: Cuslomei Seivices Cleils las nol Leen
clanged signilcanlly, will lle nolaLle excelion llal !SCO-88 \nil Giou 4211: Caslieis and
Ticlel Cleils las Leen moved lo !SCO-08 SuL-majoi Giou 52: Sales Woileis, Lecause ol lle
close relationship of the work performed in many jobs in this unit group with that performed
Ly sales assislanls. Tle giou is also ieiesenled as a minoi giou, so as lo imiove ils vis-
ibility in summary statistics.
145. Moie delailed calegoiies aie iovided loi occualions involved in lle iovision ol inloi-
malion and seivices lo clienls, including llose ielaled lo louiism. Tle numLei ol unil gious
in Minoi Giou 422: Clienl !nloimalion Woileis (Clienl !nloimalion Cleils in !SCO-88) las,
as a iesull, incieased liom 3 lo 8.
422 Client Information Workers
4221 Travel0cnsultantsand0lerks
4222 0cntact0entrencrmaticn0lerks
4223 TelephcneSwitchbcard0peratcrs
4224 HctelRecepticnists
4225 Enquiry0lerks
4226 Recepticnists(general)
4227 SurveyandMarketResearchnterviewers
4229 0lient ncrmaticn wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
146. !SCO-88 \nil Giou 3414: Tiavel Consullanls and Oiganiseis las Leen meiged will
\nil Giou 4221: Tiavel Agency and Relaled Cleils, on lle Lasis llal lle dislinclion Lelween
llese gious was nol cleai. Tle iesulling !SCO-08 \nil Giou 4221: Tiavel Consullanls and
Cleils includes llose wlo male liavel and accommodalion Loolings, issue liavel liclels, and/
oi iovide advice and inloimalion on local alliaclions and accommodalion. Woileis wlo
register passengers for check-in and departure at airports and other transportation facilities
aie also included in \nil Giou 4221 as lley iequiie similai slills lo liavel agency cleils in
issuing tickets, rearranging itineraries and so on, and are not distinguishable in practice from
airline employees who sell and issue tickets.
147. Toui oeialois, wlo lan, design and oiganize aclage and giou louis, and male Lull
liavel and accommodalion Loolings, weie included in !SCO-88 \nil Giou 3414. Tley lave
nol Leen included in !SCO-08 \nil Giou 4221 and aie exlicilly lisled as an occualion
included in \nil Giou 3339: Business Seivices Agenls ol Llsewleie Classiled.
Sales wcrkers
148. Tle numLei ol unil gious in SuL-majoi Giou 52 las incieased liom 3 lo 13 and lle
minoi giou sliucluie ol lle giou las Leen modiled. Tlis inciease is in ail a iesull ol lle
movemenl lo SuL-majoi Giou 52 ol slieel lood vendois (5212: Slieel !ood Saleseisons in
!SCO-08) and dooi-lo-dooi and lelelone sales eisons liom Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Oc-
cualions; and lle movemenl ol caslieis and liclel saleseisons liom Majoi Giou 4: Cleils.
Addilional delail is also iovided lliougl lle seaiale idenlilcalion ol lle lollowing unil gious:
5221 Shcpkeepers
5222 ShcpSuperviscrs
5223 ShcpSales/ssistants
5242 SalesDemcnstratcrs
5243 Dccr-tc-dccrSalesperscns
5244 0cntact0entreSalesperscns
7
5245 ServiceStaticn/ttendants
5246 FccdService0cunter/ttendants
5249 Sales wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
Perscnal and prctectve servces wcrkers
149. !n addilion lo lle ciealion ol a seaiale suL-majoi giou loi eisonal caie woileis men-
lioned aLove in lle discussion on lealll seivices occualions, !SCO-88 SuL-majoi Giou 51:
Peisonal and Pioleclive Seivices Woileis las Leen luillei suLdivided lo allow lle ciealion ol
seaiale suL-majoi gious loi eisonal seivices woileis and loi ioleclive seivices woileis.
Addilional delail is also iovided al minoi and unil giou levels. Tlese clanges aie illuslialed
in laLle 6 wlicl comaies lle suL-majoi giou and minoi giou sliucluies ol Majoi Giou5
in !SCO-88 and !SCO-08.
150. Tle need loi inloimalion aLoul woileis wlo iovide sexual seivices on a commeicial
Lasis dieis liom counliy lo counliy. !n a numLei ol counliies lleie is a demand loi dala
aLoul llis giou, wlo may oeiale lawlully and Le iegulaled Ly goveinmenl aulloiilies.
7 Includes Internet salespersons.
!n many counliies, lowevei, il is unlawlul lo ay loi oi ieceive money loi sexual seivices,
and lleie may Le no iequiiemenl loi inloimalion aLoul llose wlo iovide sucl seivices.
!n !SCO-88 sucl woileis weie lacilly included in \nil Giou 5149: Ollei Peisonal Seivice
Woileis ol Llsewleie Classiled. !n !SCO-08, a nole las Leen added lo lle delnilion ol \nil
Giou 5169: Peisonal Seivices Woileis ol Llsewleie Classiled, exlaining llal in counliies
wleie lleie is a iequiiemenl loi lle colleclion ol dala on sex woileis lley slould Le included
in llis unil giou. Wleie seaiale idenlilcalion ol llis giou ol woileis is iequiied al lle unil
giou level, a \nil Giou code 5168 is iecommended loi llis uiose in nalional adalalions
ol !SCO-08 llal lollow lle !SCO-08 code sliucluie.
Tabe6. Sub-ma|orandmnorgroupsnMa|or0roup5,ISC0-88andISC0-08
ISCO-88
code
code
ISCO-08 title
5 Seivice Woileis and Slo and Mailel
Sales Workers
5 Seivices and Sales Woileis
51 Peisonal and Pioleclive Seivices Woileis 51 Peisonal Seivices Woileis
511 Tiavel Allendanls and Relaled Woileis 511 Tiavel Allendanls, Conduclois and Guides
512 Houseleeing and Reslauianl Seivices
Workers
512 Cooks
513 Personal Care and Related Workers 513 Waiters and Bartenders
514 Ollei Peisonal Seivices Woileis 514 Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related
Workers
515 Asliologeis, !oilune-lelleis and Relaled
Workers
515 Building and Houseleeing Sueivisois
516 Pioleclive Seivices Woileis 516 Ollei Peisonal Seivices Woileis
52 Models, Saleseisons and Demonslialois 52 Sales Workers
521 !aslion and Ollei Models 521 Slieel and Mailel Saleseisons
522 Slo Saleseisons and Demonslialois 522 Shop Salespersons
523 Slall and Mailel Saleseisons 523 Caslieis and Ticlel Cleils
524 Other Sales Workers
53 Personal Care Workers
531 Clild Caie Woileis and Teacleis` Aides
532 Peisonal Caie Woileis in Healll Seivices
54 Pioleclive Seivices Woileis
Chefs, cccks and fccd preparatcn assstants
151. !SCO-88 \nil Giou 5122: Cools included a wide iange ol occualions involved in
the preparation of meals including chefs, cooks, short order cooks and fast food preparers.
Kilclen leleis weie classiled in !SCO-88 \nil Gious 9131: Domeslic Heleis and Cleaneis,
and 9132: Heleis and Cleaneis in Omces, Holels and Ollei LslaLlislmenls. !SCO-08 io-
vides lwo minoi gious and addilional delail al lle unil giou level loi llese occualions, as
oullined Lelow. Clels aie idenliled as a seaiale unil giou in Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians
and Associale Piolessionals, ieecling lle liglei slill level iequiiemenls. Tle delnilional
noles iovide guidance on lle Loundaiies Lelween lle ielevanl gious
343 Artistic, Cultural and Culinary Associate Professionals
... ...
3434 0hes
512 Cooks
5120 0ccks
(QQF2TGRCTCVKQP#UUKUVCPVU|
9411 FastFccdPreparers
9412 KitchenHelpers
3.5 Dccupations in agricuIture, forestry and sheries
152. A numLei ol clanges lave Leen inlioduced lo !SCO-08 will iesecl lo occualions in
agiiculluie, loiesliy and lsleiies. Tle main clanges can Le summaiized as lollows:
y market-oriented agricultural workers are identied in a separate sub-major group from
loiesliy and lsleiy woileis;
y viilually all laimeis aie classiled in Majoi Giou 6, wleieas !SCO-88 classiled some
laimeis in Majoi Giou 1;
y moie delailed calegoiies aie iovided loi suLsislence woileis;
y moie delailed calegoiies aie iovided loi agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiy laLouieis.
153. !n Majoi Giou 6: Slilled Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy Woileis, !SCO-08 las
lliee suL-majoi gious inslead ol lle lwo included in !SCO-88. !SCO-88 SuL-majoi Giou61:
Mailel-oiienled Slilled Agiiculluial and !isleiy Woileis las Leen slil lo allow slilled
agiiculluial woileis lo Le idenliled al lle second level ol lle classilcalion, seaialely liom
market-oriented forestry and shery workers.
154. Mosl joLs classiled in !SCO-88 \nil Giou 1311: Geneial Manageis in Agiiculluie,
Hunling, !oiesliy and !isling aie now included in lle ielevanl calegoiies in !SCO-08 SuL-
majoi Giou 61: Mailel-oiienled Slilled Agiiculluial Woileis, oi in SuL-majoi Giou 62:
Mailel-oiienled Slilled !oiesliy, !isleiy and Hunling Woileis. Tle ieason loi llis is llal
lle dislinclion Lelween llese gious was nol leasiLle in a numLei ol counliies. Tlis led lo
signilcanl inconsislencies in inleinalional ieoiling ol dala, as indicaled aLove in lle discus-
sion on managerial occupations.
155. Will iesecl lo suLsislence woileis, lleie was exlensive deLale duiing lle develomenl
ol !SCO-08 aLoul wlellei oi nol !SCO-88 SuL-majoi Giou 62: SuLsislence Agiiculluial and
Fishery Workers should be retained. On the one hand there was concern that the boundary
Lelween suLsislence and mailel-oiienled aclivily could Le dimcull lo diaw, Loll in concel
and liom a iaclical oinl ol view in slalislical colleclions, as mosl suLsislence laiming in-
volves lle sale ol a suilus. !l was lell llal lle accuiale colleclion ol dala on suLsislence
woileis may iequiie addilional queslions in censuses and suiveys. !n many counliies emloy-
menl in suLsislence aclivily is veiy small oi non-exislenl.
156. On lle ollei land, in many counliies suLsislence laiming ieiesenls a laige iooi-
lion ol lolal emloymenl and is seen as Leing qualilalively quile dieienl liom ollei lyes
ol emloymenl. Wlilsl some exeils lell llal suLsislence aclivily may Le Lellei idenliled in
other international statistical standards such as the International Classication of Status in
Lmloymenl, lle iemoval ol llis giou liom !SCO would mean llal llis lye ol emloymenl
would no longer be identied in any current international statistical standard.
157. Tle giou las lleieloie Leen ielained as SuL-majoi Giou 63: SuLsislence !aimeis,
!isleis, Hunleis and Galleieis. Tle single minoi and unil giou iovided in !SCO-88 las
Leen ielaced in !SCO-08 will seaiale minoi and unil gious loi llose ioducing cios
only, liveslocl only, mixed cios and liveslocl, and loi suLsislence lsleis, lunleis, liaeis
and gatherers.
63 5ubsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Satherers
631 Subsistence Crop Farmers
6310 Subsistence0rcpFarmers
632 Subsistence Livestock Farmers
6320 SubsistenceLivestcckFarmers
633 Subsistence Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers
6330 SubsistenceMixed0rcpandLivestcckFarmers
634 Subsistence Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Gatherers
6340 Subsistence Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and 0atherers
158. Tle delnilional maleiial loi llis giou and loi SuL-majoi Gious 61, 62 and 92 (Agii-
culluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy IaLouieis) las Leen imioved lo male il cleai llal:
(a) woileis engaged in agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiies aclivilies slould Le classiled in
SuL-majoi Giou 63 il lle main aim ol lle ioduclion is lo iovide goods (mainly lood)
loi consumlion Ly lle woilei`s own louselold;
(L) llose wlo eiloim only simle lasls iequiiing lillle judgemenl oi exeiience slould nevei-
lleless Le classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 92;
(c) suLsislence lunleis, liaeis and galleieis slould Le classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 63.
159. !oi counliies and iegions in wlicl suLsislence aclivilies aie viilually non-exislenl, SuL-
majoi Giou 63 can Le excluded liom nalional and iegional adalalions ol !SCO-08 willoul
loss of international comparability.
160. Moie delailed calegoiies lave also Leen ciealed in Minoi Giou 921: Agiiculluial, !oi-
esliy and !isleiy IaLouieis. Tlese calegoiies ieecl lle minoi giou sliucluie used in SuL-
majoi Giou 61: Mailel-oiienled Slilled Agiiculluial Woileis, and in SuL-majoi Giou 62:
Mailel-oiienled Slilled !oiesliy, !isleiy and Hunling Woileis. !n llis way, llose woiling
on cio laims, liveslocl laims, and mixed cio and liveslocl laims can Le idenliled se-
aialely, iegaidless ol any nalional vaiialions in iaclice loi coding laim joLs as slilled oi
elemenlaiy in Majoi Gious 6 and 9 ieseclively. A seaiale unil giou is also iovided loi
garden and horticultural labourers. Hunting and trapping labourers are no longer included in
the same unit group as forestry labourers, on the basis that they cannot easily be distinguished
from skilled hunters and trappers.
92 AgricuIturaI, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
921 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
9211 0rcpFarmLabcurers
9212 LivestcckFarmLabcurers
9213 Mixed0rcpandLivestcckFarmLabcurers
9214 0ardenandHcrticulturalLabcurers
9215 FcrestryLabcurers
9216 Fisheryand/quacultureLabcurers
161. A new \nil Giou 9624: Walei and !iiewood Colleclois is also iovided in !SCO-08.
Alllougl many walei colleclois aie emloyed in agiiculluial sellings, llis unil giou is in-
cluded in Minoi Giou 962: Ollei Llemenlaiy Woileis, as lle aclivily does nol necessaiily
involve agiiculluial ioduclion. 1oLs in llis unil giou aie common in uiLan as well as ag-
ricultural settings.
3.6 Dccupations in crafts, repair and operation of machinery
Electrcal and electrcncs trades wcrkers
162. A new SuL-majoi Giou 74: Llecliical and Lleclionics Tiades Woileis las Leen ciealed
loi !SCO-08. !l comiises llose joLs classiled in !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 724: Llecliical and
Lleclionic Lquimenl Meclanics and !illeis and \nil Giou 7137: Building and Relaled
Llecliicians. Seaiale minoi gious aie iovided loi elecliical and loi eleclionics equimenl
inslalleis and ieaiieis. Tle unil gious ieecl lle giowing conveigence Lelween comulei
and lelecommunicalions leclnologies, and aim lo iovide a cleai dislinclion Lelween llose
woiling will ligl lension and low lension equimenl.
Handcraft wcrkers
163. Tle new !SCO-08 Minoi Giou 731: Handiciall Woileis comiises mosl ol lle occua-
lions included in !SCO-88 Minoi Gious 731: Piecision Woileis in Melal and Relaled Ma-
leiials; 732: Polleis, Glass-maleis and Relaled Tiades Woileis; and 733: Handiciall Woileis in
Wood, Texlile, Ieallei and Relaled Maleiials. !l also includes !SCO-88 \nil Gious 7424: Bas-
leliy Weaveis, Biusl Maleis and Relaled Woileis; 7431: !iLie Pieaieis; and 7432: Weaveis,
Knilleis and Relaled Woileis. Some ol lle unil gious moved lo lle new minoi giou lave
Leen meiged, due lo lle veiy small numLeis emloyed in many ol llese occualions and lle
dimcully in dislinguisling Lelween occualions sucl as landiciall woilei, ieed weaving
and Laslel malei.
Prntn cccupatcns
164. Tle gious loi iinling occualions seciled in Majoi Gious 7 and 8 in !SCO-88 lad
Lecome ouldaled due lo develomenls in iinling leclnology. !n ailiculai, lle dislinclion
Lelween macline oeialois and liades woileis was no longei seen as meaninglul. !SCO-08 io-
vides a simliled aiiangemenl, involving only lliee unil gious: ie-iess leclnicians, iinleis,
and iinl lnisling and Linding woileis. Tlese unil gious loim a single Minoi Giou 732:
Piinling Tiades Woileis. Tlis minoi giou is gioued will lle new Minoi Giou 731: Handi-
ciall Woileis lo loim SuL-majoi Giou 73: Handiciall and Piinling Woileis, ieecling lle com-
Linalion ol manual dexleiily, use ol secialized lools, and ailislic slill involved in Loll gious.
Plant and machne cperatcrs
165. Tle gious loi lanl and macline oeialois lave Leen signilcanlly ialionalized and ie-
oiganized in iesonse lo conceins llal llis ail ol !SCO-88 was excessively delailed and oul
ol dale in some aieas. Tleie was also dimcully in dislinguisling ieliaLly Lelween slalionaiy
lanl oeialois and macline oeialois. Some occualions lave Leen classiled al a liglei slill
level due lo leclnological develomenls and lle aulomalion ol indusliial iocesses conliolled
by technicians from a central control room or console.
166. Tle main lealuies ol lle clanges inlioduced lo addiess llese conceins aie:
(a) !SCO-88 SuL-majoi Gious 81: Slalionaiy-Planl and Relaled Oeialois, and 82: Macline
Oeialois and AssemLleis lave Leen ielaced Ly lwo new suL-majoi gious:
81 5tationary PIant and Machine Dperators
82 AssembIers
(L) some minoi gious lave Leen meiged wleie lleie weie aiallel gious in ielaled lelds in
!SCO-88 loi slalionaiy lanl oeialois and macline oeialois;
(c) a new Minoi Giou 313: Piocess Conliol Teclnicians las Leen ciealed and a numLei ol
unil gious, oi ails ol unil gious, lave Leen moved inlo llis new giou liom !SCO-88
SuL-majoi Giou 81: Slalionaiy-Planl and Macline Oeialois, ieecling lle need loi
llese occualions lo Le classiled al a liglei slill level; and
(d) a numLei ol unil gious lave Leen meiged wleie lleie was concein llal lle calegoiies in
!SCO-88 weie loo delailed.
167. !n addilion, some gious in Majoi Giou 8 lave Leen meiged will gious ol ielaled
occualions in Majoi Giou 7, wleie lle dislinclion Lelween ciall and ielaled liades woileis
on the one hand, and plant and machine operators on the other, was no longer meaningful.
Tlis was lle case, loi examle, loi iinling occualions, mining occualions and loi some
machine tool setters and operators.
3.7 !mproved identication of eIementary occupations and of occupations
predominant in informaI empIoyment
168. Tle need lo idenlily occualions llal aie common in inloimal emloymenl was lalen
inlo consideialion in !SCO-88 iimaiily lliougl lle delinealion ol secilc unil gious con-
sideied lo Le imoilanl in lle inloimal secloi. Tleie was widesiead concein, lowevei, llal
coveiage ol sucl occualions iemained inadequale. Slalislics aLoul emloymenl in many ol
llese occualions weie nol visiLle in inleinalionally comaiaLle dala, as lley weie seaialely
idenliled only al delailed levels ol !SCO-88. !oi examle, !SCO-88 included lwo unil gious
loi slieel vendois, an occualional giou llal is veiy commonly associaled will inloimal
emloymenl. Tlese lwo unil gious weie included in lle same minoi giou, lowevei, as dooi-
lo-dooi and lelelone saleseisons, moie liequenlly associaled will loimal emloymenl.
169. Tle coveiage ol occualions llal aie iedominanl in inloimal emloymenl las Leen
exlended in !SCO-08. Wleie ossiLle, sucl occualions lave Leen aggiegaled inlo minoi
gious and suL-majoi gious, lo allow llem lo Le moie easily visiLle in inleinalionally ie-
oiled dala. Tlis is ieecled, loi examle, in lle ciealion ol Minoi Giou 731: Handiciall
Woileis, menlioned aLove, and in a numLei ol clanges in lle sliucluie ol Majoi Giou 9:
Elementary Occupations, discussed below.
170. Alllougl joLs in inloimal emloymenl can Le lound in all !SCO majoi gious, lle
sliucluie ol Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Occualions las Leen signilcanlly aecled Ly lle
clanges menlioned aLove. !n ailiculai, lleie las Leen an inciease liom 3 lo 6 in lle numLei
ol suL-majoi gious in Majoi Giou 9, including lle ciealion ol SuL-majoi Giou 95: Slieel
and Relaled Sales and Seivices Woileis.8
171. Tle !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 suL-majoi and minoi giou sliucluies loi Majoi Giou 9:
Elementary Occupations are compared in table 7.
Tabe7. Sub-ma|orandmnorgroupsnMa|or0roup9.EemenLary0ccupaLons,ISC0-88andISC0-08
ISCO-88
code
code
ISCO-08 title
91 Sales and Services Elementary
Occupations
91 Cleaners and Helpers
911 Street Vendors and Related Workers 911 Domeslic, Holel and Ollice Cleaneis and
Helpers
912 Sloe Cleaning and Ollei Slieel Seivices
Elementary Occupations
912 Vehicle, Window, Laundry and Other
Hand Cleaning Workers
913 Domeslic and Relaled Heleis, Cleaneis
and Launderers
914 Building Caretakers, Window and
Related Cleaners
915 Messengeis, Poileis, Dooileeeis and
Related Workers
916 GaiLage Colleclois and Relaled
Labourers
92 Agricultural, Fishery and Related
Labourers
92 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery
Labourers
921 Agiiculluial, !isleiy and Relaled
Labourers
921 Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy
Labourers
93 Labourers in Mining, Construction,
Manufacturing and Transport
93 Labourers in Mining, Construction,
Manufacturing and Transport
931 Mining and Consliuclion IaLouieis 931 Mining and Consliuclion IaLouieis
932 Manulacluiing IaLouieis 932 Manulacluiing IaLouieis
933 Tiansoil IaLouieis and !ieigll
Handlers
933 Tiansoil and Sloiage IaLouieis
94 Food Preparation Assistants
941 !ood Pieaialion Assislanls
95 Street and Related Sales and Services
Workers
951 Slieel and Relaled Seivices Woileis
952 Slieel Vendois (excluding !ood)
96 Refuse Workers and Other Elementary
Workers
961 Refuse Workers
962 Other Elementary Workers
8 Slieel lood vendois aie classiled in !SCO-08 \nil Giou 5212: Slieel !ood Saleseisons.
172. !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 914: Building Caielaleis, Window and Relaled Cleaneis las
Leen slil. Building caielaleis aie idenliled in !SCO-08 as a unil giou in Minoi Giou
515: Building and Houseleeing Sueivisois. Seaiale unil gious aie iovided in !SCO-08
Minoi Giou 912 loi land laundeieis and iesseis, velicle cleaneis, window cleaneis and
other cleaning workers.
173. Will iesecl lo !SCO-88 Minoi Giou 915: Messengeis, Poileis, Dooileeeis and Re-
laled Woileis, lle Lull ol occualions classiled in \nil Giou 9152: Dooileeeis, Walclei-
sons and Relaled Woileis aie now included in !SCO-08 \nil Giou 5414: Secuiily Guaids.
Tle iemaining unil gious in llis minoi giou aie now included in Minoi Giou 962: Ollei
Elementary Workers.
4. NDTE5DN5PEC!F!C!55UE5ANDBDUNDAPYPPDBLEM5
4.1 Purpose of these notes
174. Clalei4 discusses and claiiles aieas ol !SCO-08 wleie lle Loundaiies Lelween ielaled
gious may Le dimcull lo delimil consislenlly in nalional conlexls. !l discusses cases wleie
iaclice and Loundaiies lave clanged Lelween !SCO-88 and !SCO-08 and iovides advice on
a numLei ol ollei silualions wleie lle iocess ol deleimining lle mosl aioiiale !SCO-08
code for a particular job or occupation may be difcult. In all of these cases special care may
need to be taken to ensure consistent interpretation in national adaptations and applications
ol !SCO-08.
175. Tle inloimalion iesenled leie ielales iimaiily lo lle concelual Loundaiies Lelween
categories in the classication, in situations where all information about the occupations con-
ceined can Le lnown. !n slalislical and adminislialive dala colleclion aclivilies il is liequenlly
lle case, lowevei, llal only a limiled amounl ol inloimalion is availaLle aLoul lle woil
eiloimed. Some inloimalion is iovided, lleieloie, aLoul lle evidence llal may Le needed
lo dieienliale Lelween some ol lle moie dimcull gious. !l is loed llal llose iesonsiLle
loi lle develomenl ol lools lo suoil lle imlemenlalion ol !SCO and ielaled nalional
classications will be able to use this information to help make decisions about how best to
assign classication codes to commonly occurring occupation titles associated with these
difcult cases.
176. !SCO-08 las Leen designed so llal, loi mosl slalislical uioses, lle iesonses lo ques-
tions about (a) the occupation or job title and (b) the main tasks or duties usually performed
Ly lle woilei slould Le sumcienl lo assign a 4-digil !SCO code.9 Clalei6 iovides geneial
guidance on lle design ol queslions and on lle ioceduies llal may need lo Le adoled
to ensure sufciently consistent and accurate assignment of occupation codes, based on the
evidence llal migll Le availaLle in ailiculai slalislical and adminislialive conlexls. Tlese
issues will Le coveied moie comielensively in lle ioosed !SCO-08 Implementation guide.
4.2 Boundary issues affecting a broad spectrum of occupations
Dccupatcns wth a brcad rane cf tasks and dutes
177. Occualional classilcalions nalional as well as inleinalional delne occualions and
occupational groups by reference to the most common combinations of tasks and duties.
Problems may arise therefore when, in the case of some jobs, the range of tasks and duties
eiloimed does nol coiiesond exaclly lo llose seciled in lle classilcalion. !n sucl cases
alicalion ol lle lollowing iules is suggesled, in lle oidei ol iecedence given Lelow, wlen
imlemenling !SCO-08 and ielaled classilcalions.
(a) !n cases wleie lle lasls and dulies eiloimed iequiie slills usually oLlained lliougl
dieienl levels ol liaining and exeiience, joLs slould Le classiled in accoidance will
llose lasls and dulies wlicl iequiie lle liglesl level ol slills. !oi inslance, a joL wlicl
consisls ol diiving a van, loading and unloading il and deliveiing goods Ly land slould
Le classiled in \nil Giou 8322: Cai, Taxi and Van Diiveis.
(L) !n cases wleie lle lasls and dulies aie connecled will dieienl slages ol lle ioduclion
and distribution of goods process, tasks and duties related to the production stage should
lale iioiily ovei associaled ones, sucl as llose ielaled lo lle sales and maileling ol lle
same goods, lleii liansoilalion oi lle managemenl ol lle ioduclion iocess. !oi ex-
ample, a baker who bakes bread and pastries and also sells these products should not be
classiled as a saleseison, Lul as a Lalei, wlicl means, in !SCO-08 leims, \nil Giou
7512: Baleis, Pasliy-cools and Conleclioneiy Maleis.
9 !l lleie is a need lo dislinguisl accuialely Lelween occualions classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 63: SuLsislence
!aimeis, !isleis, Hunleis and Galleieis, and ollei slilled agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiy woileis, a seaiale
queslion on suLsislence aclivily may also Le advisaLle.
(c) Wleie lle lasls and dulies eiloimed aie Loll al lle same slill level and al lle same slage
of production, jobs should be classied according to the predominant tasks performed. For
examle a lie dooi inslallei may assemLle and inslall doois, dooi liames and lllings
and also install and connect electrical wiring systems so that the door will close automat-
ically in lle evenl ol a lie alaim. !n llis case, lle joL iequiies slills Loll as a caienlei
and as an electrician, but the most time-consuming part of the work relates to carpentry.
!l slould lleieloie Le classiled in \nil Giou 7115: Caienleis and 1oineis, iallei llan
in \nil Giou7411: Building and Relaled Llecliicians.
Apprentces and tranees
178. !n !SCO-08 aienlices and liainees aie classiled accoiding lo lle occualion lley aie
training for, if they are employed in the capacity of apprentice or trainee.10
179. Tle !SCO-88 inlioduclion (. 11) slaled: Aienlices and liainees aie classiled ac-
cording to the tasks and duties actually performed, and not, as is the case with some occupa-
lional classilcalions, accoiding lo lleii luluie occualion. Mosl aienlices and liainees,
lowevei, eiloim lle same lasls as llose eiloimed Ly lully qualiled woileis, Lul do so
undei vaiying degiees ol sueivision. Moieovei, mosl dala souices would nol iovide sul-
cient detail to allow us to determine whether the apprentice performs the same tasks or dif-
ferent tasks from those performed in the occupation for which he or she is training.
180. !SCO-08 lleieloie classiles woileis in a loimal leaining slalus will an emloyei wlo
insliucls llem in an occualion in lle same way lliougloul lle classilcalion. Aienlice
caienleis and aienlice elecliicians, loi examle, aie classiled as caienleis and eleclii-
cians. Medical and legal inleins aie similaily classiled as doclois and lawyeis. Wleie liainees
also lave joLs in a ielaled occualion, llese joLs slould Le classiled accoiding lo lle woil
iequiied lo Le eiloimed, sucl as wlen medical oi legal sludenls, loi examle, aie emloyed
as ward attendants, medical assistants or legal clerks.
181. !l slould also Le noled llal iesonses in slalislical colleclions liequenlly do nol con-
lain inloimalion aLoul aienlice oi liainee slalus, unless secilc queslions aie asled lo
idenlily llis giou. !l inloimalion aLoul aienlice oi liainee slalus is iequiied, il may Le
moie eeclive lo lieal llis as a seaiale vaiiaLle, will a seaiale queslion, iallei llan lo al-
tempt to identify apprentices and trainees as separate occupations in a national occupation
classication.
4.3 Managers, supervisors and operators of businesses
Manaers and supervscrs
182. Tle dislinclion Lelween manageis and sueivisois may liequenlly cause dimcullies. Tlis
ioLlem exisled in !SCO-88 Lul is liglliglled in !SCO-08 wleie some sueivisoiy occua-
lions aie idenliled seaialely liom lle occualions lley sueivise. Tle ciilical dieience is
llal sueivisois aie iesonsiLle only loi sueivision ol lle aclivilies ol ollei woileis, wleieas
llose classiled in Majoi Giou 1: Manageis lave oveiall iesonsiLilily loi lle oeialions ol
a business or an organizational unit.
183. Boll manageis and sueivisois lan, oiganize, cooidinale, conliol and diiecl lle woil
done Ly olleis. !n addilion, manageis usually lave iesonsiLilily loi and male decisions aLoul:
(a) lle oveiall slialegic and oeialional diieclion ol a Lusiness oi oiganizalional unil (loi
examle aLoul lle linds, quanlily and qualily ol goods lo Le ioduced);
10 Where students are undertaking work practice not as part of an employment arrangement, they are not classi-
led accoiding lo economic aclivily slalus as emloyed, and lleii leaining aclivily would lleieloie nol noimally
Le classiled Ly occualion. As llis silualion may Le laiily common in educalional iogiammes loi ailiculai
occualional gious, caie slould Le lalen lo clecl economic aclivily slalus wlen consideiing occualional lilles
sucl as sludenl leaclei oi uil nuise in slalislical colleclions.
(L) Ludgels (low mucl money is lo Le senl and loi wlal uioses); and
(c) lle seleclion, aoinlmenl and dismissal ol sla.
184. !l is nol a necessaiy condilion llal manageis lave iesonsiLilily loi all lliee ol slialegic
and oeialional diieclion, Ludgels and sla seleclion and dismissal. Tle degiee ol aulonomy
lley exeicise may also vaiy.
185. Sueivisois may iovide advice and assislance lo manageis on llese malleis, esecially
in ielalion lo sla seleclion and dismissal, Lul do nol lave aulloiily lo male decisions. Tley
usually lave exeiience as woileis in one oi moie ol lle occualions lley sueivise, and do
nol usually sueivise lle aclivilies ol woileis emloyed in a wide iange ol occualions.
186. Manageis do nol necessaiily lnow low lo eiloim lle woil ol all ol lle sla emloyed
in lle unils lley manage, alllougl in some ciicumslances lley may. !l is liequenlly lle case
llal manageis lan, cooidinale and conliol lle aclivilies ol woileis emloyed in a wide iange
of occupations.
Manaers and cperatcrs cf small busnesses
187. Sell-emloyed woileis, wlo oeiale lleii own Lusiness eillei indeendenlly oi will as-
sislance liom a small numLei ol olleis, liequenlly eiloim some managemenl and adminis-
lialive lasls as ail ol lleii noimal aclivily. !n !SCO-08 sucl joLs aie only classiled in Majoi
Giou 1: Manageis il lleie is evidence llal managemenl, including sueivision ol sla, is lle
majoi comonenl ol lle woil eiloimed. !oi examle, a moloi velicle meclanic wlo owns
and operates his or her own workshop and employs a small number of other mechanics, a
iecelionisl and a cleanei, Lul sends mosl ol lle lime ieaiiing velicles and/oi sueivising
lle woil ol lle ollei meclanics, is classiled in \nil Giou 7231: Moloi Velicle Meclanics
and Repairers.
188. !l is imoilanl lo nole llal !SCO-08, lile ils iedecessoi, does nol lale inlo consideialion
whether a worker is a working proprietor or not, as this and similar attributes of the labour
loice, sucl as Leing an emloyei oi an emloyee, ieecl slalus in emloymenl and nol lle
tasks and duties of the worker. It is better therefore to treat this characteristic of jobs as a sep-
aiale vaiiaLle, classiled accoiding lo a classilcalion sucl as lle !nleinalional Classilcalion
ol Slalus in Lmloymenl (!CSL-93).11 Information related to status in employment should not
geneially Le lalen inlo consideialion in assigning joLs lo !SCO-08 calegoiies. Tle lacl llal
a woilei is, loi examle, an ownei ol lle Lusiness in wlicl le oi sle is emloyed may lave
little or no relationship to the kind of work performed.
Sze cf the cranzatcn
189. Tleie is an evidenl ielalionsli Lelween lle size ol lle oiganizalion in wlicl a woilei is
emloyed and calegoiies in !SCO-08 ielaled lo managemenl. !oi examle, llose occualions
classiled in Minoi Giou 112: Managing Diieclois and Cliel Lxeculives aie usually senioi
manageis in oiganizalions llal aie laige enougl lo lave a lieiaicly ol manageis. Similaily,
mosl occualions classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 14: Hosilalily, Relail and Ollei Seivices
Manageis aie lle manageis ol ielalively small oiganizalions llal do nol usually lave liei-
aiclies ol manageis. Woileis classiled in SuL-majoi Gious 12: Adminislialive and Com-
meicial Manageis and 13: Pioduclion and Secialized Seivices Manageis may Le emloyed
in laige lieiaiclical oiganizalions oi in ielalively small oiganizalions llal iovide secialisl
seivices lo ollei oiganizalions.
190. Desile llese ielalionslis, inloimalion aLoul lle size ol lle oiganizalion in wlicl an in-
dividual managei is emloyed is nol geneially ielevanl lo decisions aLoul lle mosl aioiiale
11 See !IO, 1993. Cuiienl guidelines on lle !nleinalional Classilcalion ol Slalus in Lmloymenl can Le lound
on lle !IO weLsile al: lll://www.ilo.oig/gloLal/slalislics-and-dalaLases/slalislics-oveiview-and-loics/slalus-in-
emloymenl/cuiienl-guidelines/lang--en/index.llm.
!SCO-08 code. Tlis is Lecause !SCO-08 Majoi Giou 1 is oiganized accoiding lo lunclional
specialization and not according to the size of the organization managed.
191. Alllougl mosl slo manageis, loi examle, aie iesonsiLle loi ielalively small eslaLlisl-
ments, the managers of large supermarkets and department stores are still shop managers.
Tley aie classiled will ollei slo manageis in \nil Giou 1420: Relail and Wlolesale Tiade
Manageis. Taling anollei examle, lle ley claiacleiislics ol cliel execulives, classiled in
Minoi Giou 112, aie llal lley cooidinale and diiecl lle aclivilies ol ollei manageis wlo
lave a iange ol secialized lunclions, and llal lley ieoil lo a Loaid ol diieclois. Tlis is a
iesull, iimaiily, ol lle way in wlicl managemenl and goveinance ol lle oiganizalion is ai-
ianged, and ieecls lle comlexily ol lle oiganizalion`s lunclions as mucl as ils size.
192. It is therefore not recommended to use information about the size of the organization in
wlicl a woilei is emloyed, measuied in leims ol numLei ol emloyees oi luinovei, oi aLoul
lle numLei ol sla sueivised, lo dieienliale Lelween manageis classiled in lle dieienl
suL-majoi gious ol Majoi Giou 1. Similaily, inloimalion aLoul oiganizalion size slould
nol Le used lo dieienliale manageis liom oeialois ol small Lusinesses classiled in ollei
majoi gious. Tle mosl ieliaLle way lo male llese dislinclions in slalislical and adminislia-
live colleclions is lilely lo Le lo collecl inloimalion aLoul Loll lle occualion oi joL lille and
the main tasks or duties performed.
4.4 PeIated occupations at different skiII IeveIs
General prncples
193. Tleie aie many cases, in Loll !SCO-88 and !SCO-08, wleie occualions llal aie iela-
lively similai in leims ol asecls ol slill secializalion aie classiled in dieienl majoi gious
Lecause ol dieiences in slill level. Wlilsl lle dislinclions Lelween sucl occualions aie
liequenlly cleai cul and well undeislood, lleie aie some cases wleie caie needs lo Le lalen
lo ensuie llal secilc occualional gious in lle nalional conlexl aie maed aioiialely
lo !SCO-08 calegoiies. !n geneial, lle lollowing iinciles slould Le alied in maling deci-
sions aLoul wleie in !SCO-08 lo classily ailiculai occualions will iesecl lo slill level.
(a) Decisions slould Le made on lle Lasis ol lle lasls aclually eiloimed, iallei llan on
lle level ol qualilcalions iequiied in a ailiculai counliy, oi on lle exlenl lo wlicl lle
occualions conceined aie loimally iegulaled. !n llis way, occualions llal involve ei-
loimance ol lle same lasls aie always classiled in lle same !SCO-08 giou, iegaidless ol
dieiences in nalional liaining oi iegulalion.
(L) Tle aclual qualilcalions leld Ly lle eison lolding a ailiculai joL slould nol Le lalen
into consideration.
(c) 1oLs leld Ly exeiienced oi liglly qualiled individuals aie classiled in lle same giou as
llose leld Ly less well qualiled individuals wlen lle lasls eiloimed aie essenlially lle
same, even llougl lle moie qualiled individuals may somelimes eiloim moie dimcull oi
comlex lasls. !oi examle, maslei caienleis, senioi caienleis, junioi caienleis and
apprentice carpenters, who build structures using wood and other materials, are all clas-
siled in \nil Giou 7115: Caienleis and 1oineis. Slill level is deleimined on lle Lasis ol
lle iequiiemenls loi enliy-level joLs loi lully qualiled woileis.
194. Tle Loundaiies Lelween occualions classiled in Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Occua-
lions and llose llal aie ielaled in leims ol slill secializalion Lul classiled in Majoi Gious6,
7 and 8 may cause ailiculai dimcully wlen occualion lilles sucl as laim land, consliuc-
lion woilei, iocess woilei oi lacloiy woilei aie used. Tle geneial iincile lo Le
adoled is llal occualions classiled in Majoi Giou 9 lyically involve lle eiloimance ol
simle and iouline manual and lysical lasls llal iequiie limiled liaining and no moie llan
basic skills in numeracy, literacy and interpersonal communication. Whilst the operation of
comlex maclineiy is nol involved, lle use ol land-leld meclanical lools may Le iequiied.
195. Wleie Loundaiy issues aie ol ailiculai concein, guidelines aie iovided in lle noles
included will lle !SCO-08 giou delnilions. Lxamles ol occualion lilles included in eacl
giou aie also given. Wleie il is lnown, lowevei, llal lle same oi similai leims aie used in
dieienl counliies lo ielei lo occualions classiled in dieienl occualion gious, llese leims
lave nol geneially Leen lisled in eillei lle lisl ol included occualions oi in lle Index of oc-
cupational titles (!SCO-08, Volume 2). !n llese and ollei cases, decisions will need lo Le made
in lle nalional conlexl, Lased on lle naluie ol lle woil eiloimed. Tle examles discussed
Lelow may iequiie ailiculai allenlion and may seive lo illusliale lle oinls made aLove.
Nursn prcfesscnals, assccate prcfesscnals and perscnal care wcrkers
196. Occualions wlose lilles conlain lle woid nuise oi nuising may Le lound in \nil
Gious 2221: uising Piolessionals and 3221: uising Associale Piolessionals, as well as in
Minoi Giou 532: Peisonal Caie Woileis in Healll Seivices.
197. Tle Loundaiies Lelween llese gious in leims ol lle lasls eiloimed aie delned in lle
group denitions and associated notes. In summary, nursing professionals assume responsi-
bility for the planning and management of the care of patients, working autonomously or in
leams will medical doclois and olleis. uising associale iolessionals iovide Lasic nuising
and eisonal caie and geneially woil undei lle sueivision oi in suoil ol medical, nuising
oi ollei lealll iolessionals. Peisonal caie woileis iovide eisonal caie and assislance will
moLilily and aclivilies ol daily living Lul do nol iovide nuising caie Leyond assisling alienls
with oral medications and changing dressings.
198. Occualional lilles sucl as nuising sislei, iegisleied nuise, claige nuise, eniolled
nuise, assislanl nuise, nuising assislanl, auxiliaiy nuise and nuise aide need lo
Le maed lo lle aioiiale !SCO-08 unil giou oi minoi giou, Lased on lle usage ol
llese leims in lle nalional conlexl. Alllougl some ol llese occualion lilles aie lisled in lle
!SCO-08 giou delnilions and index, lle scoe ol iaclice loi sucl lilles may vaiy Lelween
counliies and willin counliies ovei lime. !l is necessaiy, lleieloie, lo considei lle lasls llal
workers in jobs with these titles are competent or authorized to perform in the national con-
lexl, and lo comaie llese lasls will llose lisled in lle !SCO-08 giou delnilions, in oidei
lo deleimine wleie in lle classilcalion eacl lille will Le classiled. !n llis way all ielevanl
leims can Le aioiialely included in lle nalional index ol occualional lilles.
Early chldhccd educatcrs and chld care wcrkers
199. Occualions involved in lle caie and develomenl ol clildien Lelow iimaiy sclool age
may Le classiled in \nil Giou 2342: Laily Clildlood Lducalois; 5311: Clild Caie Woileis;
oi 5312: Teacleis` Aides.
200. 1oLs classiled in \nil Giou 2342 diei liom llose included in lle ollei lwo unil gious
in llal lley lan, oiganize and conducl educalional and lay aclivilies llal aie inlended lo
iomole lle develomenl ol clildien Lelow iimaiy sclool age. Alllougl il is nol advisaLle
lo considei lle loimal qualilcalions leld Ly individuals, il slould Le noled llal leiliaiy quali-
lcalions in educalion and eaily clildlood develomenl aie noimally iequiied.
201. Clild caie woileis iovide caie and sueivision loi clildien. Teacleis` aides eiloim
similai dulies and also eiloim a iange ol ollei non-leacling dulies lo assisl leacling sla.
Neither of these two groups generally plans and organizes structured play or educational
aclivilies, alllougl lley may assisl in lle iovision ol llese aclivilies.
Tradtcnal and ccmplementary medcne prcfesscnals and assccate prcfesscnals
202. Tle dislinclion Lelween occualions classiled in \nil Giou 2230: Tiadilional and
Comlemenlaiy Medicine Piolessionals, and 3230: Tiadilional and Comlemenlaiy Medicine
Associale Piolessionals, las lle olenlial lo Le a souice ol unceilainly, esecially in counliies
wleie llis lye ol iaclice is nol ail ol mainslieam lealll seivice iovision.
203. A ley oinl is llal liadilional and comlemenlaiy medicine iolessionals develo and imle-
ment treatment plans for human ailments by applying knowledge, skills and practices for which
comelenl eiloimance iequiies exlensive sludy ol lleoiies, Leliels and exeiiences oiiginaling
in secilc culluies. Tlose occualions wlose iaclice iequiies a less exlensive undeislanding
Lased on ielalively sloil eiiods ol loimal oi inloimal educalion and liaining, oi acquiied in-
formally through the traditions and practices of the communities where they originated, are in-
cluded in \nil Giou 3230: Tiadilional and Comlemenlaiy Medicine Associale Piolessionals.
204. A comielensive lisl ol lle occualional lilles included in eacl ol llese gious is in-
cluded in lle unil giou delnilions and in lle !SCO-08 Index of occupational titles availaLle
on lle !SCO weLsile. Caie slould Le lalen, lowevei, in inleiieling llese occualional lilles
in nalional conlexls, as lle scoe ol iaclice and naluie ol lle lasls eiloimed Ly individuals
using llese and similai occualion lilles may vaiy liom counliy lo counliy. !n some counliies
lleie may Le a limiled liamewoil loi lle iecognilion ol qualilcalions in lle leld ol comle-
mentary medicine, or the regulatory framework may not allow the performance of certain
lasls. As will ollei occualional gious, lle dislinclion Lelween llese lwo gious slould Le
made on the basis of the tasks performed in these occupations in the national setting, rather
llan on lle qualilcalions leld Ly individuals. !oi examle, il may Le aioiiale lo classily
practitioners who administer treatments within the framework of a treatment plan established
Ly olleis in \nil Giou 3230 iallei llan in \nil Giou 2230.
Dccupatcns n fccd preparatcn
205. Occualions llal mainly involve lle ieaialion, assemLly and iesenlalion ol lood loi
immediale consumlion may Le classiled in one ol lle lollowing unil gious:
3434 0hes
5120 0ccks
9412 KitchenHelpers
206. !n deleimining lle Loundaiies Lelween llese gious lle lollowing oinls aie ol ai-
liculai ielevance.
(a) Clels, classiled in \nil Giou 3434, lan and develo iecies and menus, cieale disles
and oveisee lle lanning, oiganizalion, ieaialion and cooling ol meals.
(L) Wlilsl cools, classiled in \nil Giou 5120, lan, oiganize, ieaie and cool a iange
ol disles, lley do so accoiding lo iecies oi undei lle sueivision ol clels. Tley do nol
geneially develo menus oi cieale new disles.
(c) !asl lood ieaieis, classiled in \nil Giou 9411, ieaie and cool lo oidei a limited
range ol loods oi Leveiages involving simle ieaialion iocesses and a small numLei
ol ingiedienls. Tle ley oinl is llal lley ieaie loods and Leveiages loi wlicl exlensive
liaining in lood ieaialion is nol iequiied.
(d) Kilclen leleis, classiled in \nil Giou 9412, mainly iovide suoil lo cools, clels and
waileis Ly leeing lilclens and lood seivice aieas clean and lidy and assisling will Lasic
food preparation tasks.
(e) 1oLs llal comLine simle ieaialion ol lood will a signilcanl elemenl ol clienl seivice
slould noimally Le classiled in one ol lle lollowing unil gious as aioiiale:
5131 waiters
5212 StreetFccdSalesperscns
!n llis case lle liglei level ol slill iequiied loi clienl seivice lales iecedence ovei lle
simle lood ieaialion lasls, in line will iioiily iule (a) seciled in seclion 4.2 aLove.
(l) Clels and cools wlo ieaie moie comlex disles and also iovide diiecl seivice lo
clients should be classied as chefs or cooks, in line with priority rule (b) specied in sec-
lion4.2 aLove.
207. Alllougl lle Loundaiies Lelween llese gious aie ielalively cleai concelually, il may
be more difcult in practice to establish national rules on how to classify particular jobs based
on limited information, such as the occupation title and a short task description. Occupation
lilles lile clel and lead cool may geneially Le coded will conldence lo \nil Giou3434:
Chefs.12 Tle leim cool willoul luillei qualilcalion oi inloimalion would geneially Le
coded lo 5120: Cools.
208. Wlen lle lye ol lood cooled is seciled il may Le necessaiy lo considei lle cooling
iocess used and wlellei, in lle nalional conlexl, sucl ilems aie geneially cooled accoiding
lo a simle iedelned iocess. !oi examle, occualion lilles sucl as lamLuigei cool
would geneially Le coded lo \nil Giou 9411: !asl !ood Pieaieis. !n many cases inloima-
lion aLoul lle emloyei may Le lellul in deleimining lle mosl aioiiale code. !oi ex-
amle, il may Le aioiiale lo considei cools emloyed Ly ceilain well-lnown lasl lood
chains, specializing in hamburgers or fried chicken, as fast food preparers.
209. Tlose cools wlo secialize in ieaiing disles accoiding lo a ailiculai nalional oi
regional cuisine and generally prepare a wide range of dishes should be classied in Unit
Giou5120: Cools, even il lle lood is seived in a lasl lood oi lale-away oullel.
Dcmestc hcusekeepers and dcmestc cleaners
210. Domeslic Houseleeeis, classiled in \nil Giou 5152, and Domeslic Cleaneis and
Heleis, classiled in \nil Giou 9111, lave a numLei ol lasls in common. Tle ley diei-
ence is llal domeslic louseleeeis lale iesonsiLilily loi lle oiganizalion and sueivision ol
louseleeing lunclions in iivale louselolds, as well as caiiying oul some oi all ol llese lunc-
lions llemselves. Domeslic cleaneis and leleis, on lle ollei land, caiiy oul llese lunclions
undei lle sueivision eillei ol a eison emloyed as a domeslic louseleeei oi ol a memLei
of the household who takes responsibility for the organization of housekeeping functions.
4.5 Boundaries between occupationaI groups in agricuIture, forestry and sheries
211. In classifying occupations in agriculture, forestry and sheries, particular attention may
need lo Le aid lo lle Loundaiies Lelween lle lollowing gious:
y agiiculluial ioduclion manageis, laimeis and laim manageis;
y mixed ioduceis ol Loll cios and animals, and secialisl ioduceis ol cios oi ani-
mals;
y occualions classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 63: SuLsislence !aimeis, !isleis, Hunleis and
Galleieis and llose classiled in lle mailel-oiienled SuL-majoi Gious 61 and62;
y slilled agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiy woileis classiled in Majoi Giou 6 and la-
Louieis, classiled in Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Occualions.
Arcultural prcductcn manaers, farmers and farm manaers
212. Minoi Giou 131: Pioduclion Manageis in Agiiculluie, !oiesliy and !isleiies is ie-
stricted to those who manage production in large-scale agricultural, horticultural, forestry,
aquaculluie and lsleiy oeialions. Sucl oeialions would include laige lanlalions, laige
iancles, colleclive laims and cooeialives. Tyically sucl enleiiises lave a lieiaicly ol
managers and the production manager reports to a managing director.
213. !aimeis on lle ollei land geneially own and oeiale lleii own laim. Tley eiloim
a range of management tasks as well as tasks directly associated with agricultural produc-
lion. Tley aie classiled in lle aioiiale unil giou in Majoi Giou 6: Slilled Agiiculluial,
Forestry and Fishery Workers, depending on the type of farm they operate.
214. Wlilsl lle dislinclion Lelween llese lwo gious is concelually quile sliaigllloiwaid, il
may Le dimcull, in iaclice, lo deleimine wlellei a joL will an occualion lille lile !aim
managei slould Le classiled in Majoi Giou 1 oi Majoi Giou 6. Sucl leims may mosl
12 !n some conlexls leims sucl as clel and cool may Le used moie oi less inleiclangeaLly. !n sucl cases
alleinalive aioacles adaled lo nalional iequiiemenls may need lo Le consideied.
commonly be used in situations where the owner of a farm has engaged an employee to
oeiale lle laim. Tlis emloyee eeclively eiloims lle same lasls as a laimei wlo owns
and oeiales lle laim and slould Le classiled in Majoi Giou 6. Tle dislinclion Lelween
the farmer and farm manager in such cases is primarily a function of status in employment
(!IO, 1993) iallei llan occualion, delned in leims ol lle lye ol woil eiloimed, and is nol
geneially ielevanl loi deleimining lle mosl aioiiale !SCO-08 code lo inloimalion aLoul
secilc joLs (see seclion 4.3 aLove).
215. Tleie may Le cases, lowevei, wleie occualion lilles sucl as laim managei and iancl
managei may ielei lo lle managemenl ol ioduclion in laige-scale enleiiises will lieiai-
chies of managers. When this is the case, it may be necessary to consider the way in which
agiiculluial ioduclion is oiganized al lle nalional level, as well as lle use ol occualional
lilles in lle nalional conlexl, in oidei lo develo suilaLle nalional aioacles lo lle coding
of such occupation titles.
Mxed and specalst crcp and anmal prcducers
216. Tle noles iovided will lle delnilion ol \nil Giou 6130: Mixed Cio and Animal
Pioduceis slale llal agiiculluial woileis wlose lasls iedominanlly involve eillei iaising
animals oi giowing cios, Lul also involve some incidenlal aclivily in cio giowing oi lending
animals, ieseclively, slould nol Le included lleie. !n slalislical colleclions lle Loundaiies
Lelween mixed ioduceis and secialisl ioduceis may, lowevei, ose some ioLlems.
217. !n some cases lle occualion lille used will Le sumcienl. !oi examle, il lle iesonse lo
a suivey queslion on occualion slaled llal someone was a liuil and vegelaLle giowei oi
a sleleid, il slould nol Le necessaiy lo seel addilional evidence. !n many cases inloima-
lion aLoul lle main lasls eiloimed will also iovide salislacloiy evidence. !oi examle, a
laimei wlose main lasls aie iaising slee and giowing wleal oi oeialing a liveslocl
and wleal laim would Le coded lo \nil Giou 6130: Mixed Cio and Animal Pioduceis.
218. !l inloimalion aLoul lle occualion lille and lasls eiloimed is inconclusive, inloima-
lion aLoul lle lind ol economic aclivily (indusliy) ol lle eslaLlislmenl in wlicl lle eison
is emloyed may Le lellul Lul slould Le liealed will caulion. !oi examle, il would Le
ieasonaLle lo assume llal a slilled laim woilei on a liveslocl laim slould Le classiled lo
\nil Giou 6121: Iiveslocl and Daiiy Pioduceis. !l is ossiLle, lowevei, llal some individual
woileis on mixed laims may secialize in eillei animal ioduclion oi cio ioduclion. Mixed
laims may, loi examle, emloy Loll sleleids and liee iuneis.
219. !nloimalion aLoul lle lind ol economic aclivily may Le lound eillei in lle loim ol
wiillen inloimalion iovided in iesonse lo queslions aLoul lle eslaLlislmenl in wlicl lle
eison is emloyed, oi in lle loim ol inloimalion coded lo a classilcalion ol economic acliv-
ities. Particular care needs to be taken when using coded information on the kind of economic
aclivily ol agiiculluial eslaLlislmenls lo lel assign occualion codes loi woileis. Tlis is
Lecause iecedence iules used lo deleimine lle iedominanl aclivily, loi lle uioses ol
economic statistics, may not be compatible with the purposes of an occupation classication
Lased on lle lind ol woil eiloimed, delned in leims ol slill iequiiemenls. !oi examle,
lle cuiienl veision ol lle !nleinalional Slandaid !ndusliial Classilcalion ol All Lconomic
Aclivilies (!S!C Rev. 4) seciles llal il eillei ioduclion ol cios oi animals in a given unil
exceeds 66 ei cenl oi moie ol slandaid gioss maigins, lle comLined aclivily slould nol Le
included in Class 0150: Mixed !aiming Lul allocaled lo cio oi animal laiming (\, 2008,
. 72). Woileis wlo secialize in cio oi animal laiming may llus Le emloyed on mixed
laims llal lave Leen classiled lo !S!C calegoiies associaled will cio oi animal ioduclion.
220. Whilst it is not possible here to prescribe strict rules that could be applied in all situations
and nalional conlexls, il slould Le cleai liom lle aLove llal inloimalion aLoul economic ac-
livily ol lle eslaLlislmenl slould nol noimally lale iecedence ovei inloimalion given aLoul
occualion lille and lasls eiloimed in lle joL. Tle imoilanl oinl is llal lle slills iequiied
for performance in the job are the main consideration in determining the most appropriate
occualion code. Tlus, il slills associaled will Loll animal iaising and cio ioduclion aie
essenlial iequiiemenls, llen lle joL slould Le classiled as mixed cio and animal ioduclion.
Market-crented and subsstence wcrkers
221. Secial allenlion may need lo Le given lo lle dislinclion Lelween suLsislence laimeis and
lsleis and llose woiling in mailel-oiienled enleiiises. As discussed in seclion 3.5 aLove,
woileis slould Le classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 63: SuLsislence !aimeis, !isleis, Hunleis
and Galleieis, il lle main aim ol ioduclion is lo iovide lood, slellei and ollei goods loi
consumption by members of the workers own household.
222. !n mosl cases ol suLsislence aclivily some goods aie sold lo iovide a minimum ol casl
income. !l no casl income oi Laileiing is involved, all ioduclion ol goods loi own consum-
tion should be counted as employment and treated as subsistence production. Similarly, if
a large surplus is produced, and more goods are sold than consumed, but the main aim of
ioduclion was loi own consumlion, lle joLs slould neveilleless Le classiled in SuL-majoi
Giou 63. 1oLs slould only Le classiled as mailel-oiienled agiiculluial loiesliy, lsleiy oi
lunling il lle main aim ol lle aclivily is lo ioduce goods loi lle mailel.
223. !n some (mainly indusliialized) counliies, suLsislence laiming may Le iaie oi even non-
exislenl, in wlicl case lleie would Le no need lo male secial iovision oi even lo include
a giou loi suLsislence aclivilies in nalional adalalions ol !SCO-08. !n many counliies,
lowevei, suLsislence laiming ieiesenls a laige iooilion ol iuial emloymenl and lle dis-
linclion Lelween mailel-oiienled and suLsislence aclivily may Le imoilanl loi a wide iange
of purposes associated with social, economic and labour market policies.
224. !n counliies wleie seaiale joL lilles aie used loi suLsislence woileis and mailel-oii-
enled woileis, llese lilles slould Le included in lle nalional index ol occualion lilles, along
with the appropriate classication codes. Where this is not the case, it is unlikely that infor-
malion aLoul lle lasls eiloimed would iovide sumcienl inloimalion lo ieliaLly idenlily
suLsislence woileis, as lley lave many lasls in common will mailel-oiienled woileis. !l
subsistence farming is a signicant concern, it may be necessary, therefore, to consider an
addilional queslion asling wlellei oi nol ioduclion is mainly loi sale oi mainly loi own
oi lamily/louselold use. Tlis queslion may Le asled in lle conlexl ol ollei queslions on
occualion (lille and lasls) oi in associalion will queslions on economic aclivily and slalus
in emloymenl. Wlenevei sucl a queslion is included in a louselold suivey oi census, il is
important to ensure that the responses are used in the occupation coding or editing process.
225. Suggeslions loi lle design and lesling ol queslions ielaled lo suLsislence laiming aie
included in Clalei6.
Sklled farm wcrkers (Majcr Grcup ) and farm labcurers (Majcr Grcup 9)
226. Woileis in SuL-majoi Giou 92: Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy IaLouieis eiloim
a limiled iange ol simle and iouline manual lasls iequiiing limiled liaining oi exeiience.
Tlose classiled in Majoi Giou 6: Slilled Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy Woileis gen-
eially eiloim a wide iange ol lasls, lyically involving slills acquiied lliougl exlensive
exeiience and/oi liaining. !l slould Le noled llal iouline manual lasls may involve lle use
ol meclanized land-leld lools, loi wlicl limiled liaining is iequiied.
227. In some cases the occupation title alone may be sufcient to distinguish between skilled
and elemenlaiy laim woileis. !oi examle, occualion lilles wleie lle ley noun is laimei,
giowei, sleleid, iunei oi sleaiei would all indicale occualions llal involve lle
eiloimance ol a wide iange ol lasls, oi liglly secialized slills iequiiing consideiaLle
liaining oi exeiience, and aie classiled in Majoi Giou 6. Similaily, occualion lilles sucl
as laim laLouiei, liuil iclei oi cane cullei would indicale iouline oi ieelilive lasls
iequiiing limiled liaining oi inilialive.
228. Occualion lilles sucl as laim woilei oi laim land, lowevei, may iequiie moie
consideration, as they refer to the fact that the worker is an employee on a farm, rather than
lo lle level ol slill oi iesonsiLilily iequiied. !n sucl cases il is necessaiy lo considei lle use
ol leiminology in lle nalional conlexl and in ailiculai agiiculluial sellings. !oi examle,
lle leim slocl land may Le used in some counliies lo ielei lo a woilei wlo lools allei lle
caie and well-Leing ol animals on a liveslocl laim, classiled in \nil Giou 6121: Iiveslocl
and Daiiy Pioduceis. An oiclaid land, lowevei, may Le moie lilely lo ielei lo someone
who picks fruit and performs other routine manual tasks than to someone who prunes trees,
clecls cios loi disease and ensuies llal liuil-Leaiing liees aie leallly and ioduclive.
229. Tle comLinalion ol occualion lille will lasl inloimalion oi ollei qualilying inloima-
lion may lleieloie Le uselul. !oi examle a daiiy laim woilei wlo mills cows slould Le
classiled in \nil Giou 6121: Iiveslocl and Daiiy Pioduceis, wlilsl a daiiy laim land wlo
cleans animal enclosuies slould Le classiled in \nil Giou 9212: Iiveslocl !aim IaLouieis.
Wleie a comLinalion ol lasls is eiloimed including some llal involve liglei slills oi inilia-
live, llen Majoi Giou 6 would Le moie aioiiale.
230. !l is also imoilanl lo nole llal some elemenlaiy occualions llal commonly occui in
iuial oi laim sellings also occui in non-agiiculluial sellings and do nol iequiie diiecl involve-
menl will animals oi cios. Sucl occualions aie classiled in ielevanl gious oulside SuL-
majoi Giou 92: Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy IaLouieis. !oi examle, dilcl digging
laLouieis aie classiled in \nil Giou 9312: Civil Lngineeiing IaLouieis, and walei caiiieis
aie classiled in \nil Giou 9624: Walei and !iiewood Colleclois.
Dperatcn cf farm and fcrestry machnery
231. !inally, il slould Le noled llal many slilled agiiculluie and loiesliy woileis oeiale
secialized maclineiy sucl as liaclois and diive moloiized velicles as ail ol lleii noimal
dulies. 1oLs llal iequiie oeialion ol maclineiy comLined will a iange ol ollei slilled laim
woil aie classiled in Majoi Giou 6. Woileis sucl as laiveslei oeialois, wlo secialize in
the operation of machinery but may perform other farm or forestry duties incidentally, should
be classied in the appropriate unit group for the type of machinery operated. In most cases
llis would Le \nil Giou 8341: MoLile !aim and !oiesliy Planl Oeialois.
5. ADAPT!NS!5CD-08FDPNAT!DNALU5EANDFDPTHEPPDDUCT!DN
DF!NTEPNAT!DNALLYCDMPAPABLEDATA
5.1 5cenarios for the adaptation of !5CD-08 for nationaI use
232. Deending on nalional ciicumslances lleie aie lliee main ways in wlicl !SCO-08 may
Le adoled oi adaled loi nalional use:
y adoling !SCO-08 diieclly loi nalional uioses (nol iecommended in mosl ciicum-
slances);
y develomenl oi ieview ol a nalional classilcalion Lased on !SCO-08;
y an exisling nalional classilcalion, dieienl liom !SCO-08, is maed lo !SCO-08 lo
facilitate the production of internationally comparable data.
233. Tlis clalei iovides geneial guidance on lle use ol !SCO-08 lollowing eacl ol llese
scenaiios. Moie delailed advice will Le iovided in lle ioosed !SCO-08 Implementation
guide.13
234. As oullined in Clalei1, lle ideal silualion is llal counliies develo nalional classilca-
lions llal aie lailoied lo meel nalional iequiiemenls wlilsl also lacililaling lle iovision ol
inleinalionally comaiaLle inloimalion. Tlis means llal lle develomenl woil slould lale
inlo consideialion iequiiemenls loi inleinalional comaiaLilily, as well as ieecl secilc na-
lional iequiiemenls Lased on lle occualional sliucluie ol lle woilloice and nalional iioii-
lies loi inloimalion lo suoil olicy deLale. As llese iequiiemenls may nol always Le lully
compatible with each other, difcult decisions may sometimes need to be made in weighing
national priorities against the need for international comparability.
5.2 Adopting !5CD-08 directIy for nationaI purposes
235. !n silualions wleie counliies do nol lave lle iesouices, caacily oi lime lo develo a na-
lional occualion classilcalion (OC) designed lo suil lle counliy`s own iealilies and iequiie-
menls, lleie may Le lillle cloice ollei llan lo adol !SCO-08 will minimal clange, al leasl
in lle sloil lo medium leim. Tlis aioacl is lai liom ideal, as lle occualional sliucluie
ol lle nalional laLoui mailel, as well as nalional olicy conceins, will vaiy gieally Lelween
counliies. !l is unlilely, lleieloie, llal !SCO-08 willoul modilcalion would lully salisly lle
iange ol nalional iequiiemenls loi occualional slalislics and inloimalion.
236. Adoling !SCO-08 in llis way does, neveilleless, involve a signilcanl amounl ol ie-
aialion on lle ail ol agencies wisling lo use !SCO lo collecl dala on occualions. Tlis
migll include lianslaling !SCO-08 inlo lle nalional language oi languages wleie necessaiy.
!l would also Le necessaiy lo deleimine wleie in !SCO-08 ailiculai occualional gious in
the country should be classied.
237. Counliies would need lo decide, loi examle, wlellei nuising occualions slould Le
classiled in Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals, in Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale
Professionals, or whether some nursing jobs should be classied in one and some in the other
ol llese gious. Tle decision would need lo Le Lased on lnowledge aLoul lle naluie ol lle
woil eiloimed Ly dieienl lyes ol nuise in lle counliy, and would lleieloie iequiie some
research on the part of those responsible for adopting and using ISCO in national applications.
238. Tleie may also Le some occualions in lle counliy llal do nol commonly exisl in ollei
counliies and aie consequenlly nol seaialely lisled in !SCO-08. Counliies would lleieloie
need to collect information about the nature of the work performed in these occupations and
lleii slill iequiiemenls, in oidei lo idenlily lle mosl aioiiale !SCO-08 giou in wlicl
to include them.
13 See also Embury et al., 1997.
239. Tle mosl imoilanl lasl, wleie iesouices aie limiled, is lo develo a nalional index ol
occualion lilles, coded lo !SCO-08 (and/oi lo lle nalional adalalion ol il). Tle uiose ol
llis exeicise is lo accuialely ma leims used lo desciiLe occualions in nalional dala col-
leclions lo lle slandaid occualion classilcalion. Lillei lle !SCO-08 index oi an exisling
nalional index may Le used as a slailing oinl (see seclion 6.4 Lelow).
240. Tle !SCO-08 index iovides some common comLinalions ol occualion lilles, lasls
eiloimed and ollei qualilying inloimalion llal may Le ol assislance in adaling !SCO-08
loi nalional use. Tle use ol llese leims in lle nalional conlexl would need lo Le veiiled,
lowevei, Ly llose develoing nalional indexes ol occualional lilles. Teims used lo desciiLe
occualions in lle nalional conlexl would need lo Le added lo lle !SCO index, lollowing
determination of the appropriate ISCO code.
5.3 DeveIopment or review of a nationaI cIassication based on !5CD-08
241. Tle develomenl oi ieview ol a OC Lased on !SCO-08 may lyically include, in add-
ilion lo lle ilems menlioned in seclion 5.2 aLove, lle delelion oi meiging ol calegoiies llal
aie eillei non-exislenl oi unimoilanl in lle counliy. !l may also include lle secilcalion
of nationally specic occupational groups, and of groups that are adapted to suit national
ciicumslances. !n all cases invesligalion is iequiied lo undeisland, lislly, lle occualional
structure of the national labour market and, secondly, the nature of the occupational data
iequiied lo inloim deliLeialions on nalionally imoilanl olicy issues.
242. Tlis inloimalion is lilely lo Le oLlained in ail lliougl consullalion will ley useis
and ioduceis ol occualional inloimalion and in ail lliougl delailed analysis ol exisling
dala classiled Ly occualion. Tlis inloimalion is used lo deleimine lle exlenl lo wlicl lle
calegoiies and sliucluie ol !SCO-08 ieecl lle iealily ol nalional ciicumslances and iequiie-
menls. !l may Le necessaiy lo slil some !SCO-08 calegoiies lo iovide moie delail in some
aieas, oi lo cieale an addilional moie delailed lieiaiclical level, lo salisly some needs.
243. !l lle nalional classilcalion is lo Le used in adminislialive oi clienl-oiienled aclivilies
sucl as malcling joLseeleis will joL vacancies, as well as in slalislical alicalions, lle se-
cilc and olenlially conicling oeialional needs ol agencies sucl as lle nalional emloymenl
seivice and lle nalional slalislical omce need lo Le lalen inlo consideialion. Lmloymenl
seivices may lyically iequiie moie delailed and moie liequenlly udaled inloimalion llan is
iaclical loi use in slalislical suiveys. Tlose iesonsiLle loi designing lle classilcalion need
lo collaLoiale closely, lleieloie, will lle vaiious nalional agencies llal will use il.
244. CollaLoialion among llose agencies llal need lo use occualional classilcalions loi
the production of data, for operational purposes and for policy analysis, may lead to a com-
mitment among the agencies concerned to adopt a nationally consistent approach. Such
collaLoialion may lacililale lle iovision ol inlegialed occualional inloimalion, Lased on
comaiaLle quanlilalive and qualilalive dala liom a iange ol slalislical and adminislialive
souices, il a single classilcaloiy liamewoil is used in all alicalions. Alleinalively, a close
linlage Lelween dieienl Lul comlemenlaiy classilcalion syslems can Le eslaLlisled. !n
eillei case, signilcanl value can Le added lo lle inloimalion collecled il il is aLle lo Le inle-
grated or compared meaningfully with data from other sources.
245. Wleie il is lound necessaiy lo meige !SCO-08 unil gious oi liglei level gious il
should be borne in mind that this may impose limitations on the capacity of countries to map
nalional dala lo !SCO-08. !oi examle il may Le ossiLle lo ma dala only liom a delailed
level ol lle OC lo a liglei level ol !SCO.
246. Wleie lleie is an exisling OC llal is dieienl liom !SCO-08 il may, neveilleless, Le
desiiaLle lo ieview llal classilcalion lo imiove inleinalional comaiaLilily ol nalional dala,
and to determine whether any of the features of the international standard may be useful for
national purposes.
5.4 Mapping nationaI occupation cIassications to !5CD
247. \nless !SCO-08 is used diieclly al nalional level, lle comaiison ol occualional in-
loimalion among counliies oi iegions noimally iequiies llal nalional occualional slalislics
Le conveiled lo lle inleinalional slandaid. Tlis may Le aclieved Ly maing lle nalional
occualional calegoiies lo !SCO-08 oi Ly coding diieclly lo lle inleinalional classilcalion,
as desciiLed in seclion 5.5 Lelow.
248. Maing one classilcalion inlo anollei is equivalenl lo coding eacl giou in lle lisl
classilcalion lo lle mosl aioiiale giou in lle second. Tle validily and accuiacy ol lle
maing will inciease will lle level delail al wlicl lle maing is done. Tle maing slould
Le caiiied oul, lleieloie, al lle lowesl ossiLle level ol aggiegalion ol eacl ol lle lwo classil-
calions, i.e. OC and !SCO-08 (see Homann, 1994). Tle maing is geneially ieiesenled in
a correspondence table that shows the relationship between the categories in one classication
and those in another.
249. !n lle iocess ol maing, lle lollowing lliee silualions aie lle mosl liequenlly
encounleied:
(a) Tle OC giou Lelongs unamLiguously lo one ol lle !SCO-08 unil gious. Tlis is, ol
course, the simplest situation and, if the NOC is based on a conceptual model similar to
llal ol !SCO-08, il is lilely lo Le lle mosl usual silualion.
(L) Tle OC giou, al lle lowesl level ol aggiegalion, dieis in occualional conlenl liom lle
mosl ielevanl !SCO-08 unil giou, Lul lle dieience in lle conlenl does nol ievenl lle
OC giou liom Leing validly maed inlo an !SCO-08 giou al one ol lle liglei levels
ol aggiegalion. !oi examle: lle OC classiles moLile laim, loiesliy and eaillmoving
lanl oeialois in lle same lowesl level giou, wlile !SCO-08 classiles llese occualions
in lwo seaiale unil gious, Lul in Loll classilcalions suLsequenl aggiegalion ol llese
occupations is carried out in the same manner.
(c) Tle way ol giouing ceilain occualions is dieienl in lle OC liom llal alied in !SCO-08,
and, as a iesull, an exisling OC giou cannol validly Le maed inlo any ol lle !SCO-08
gious. !oi examle: al lle lowesl level ol aggiegalion, lle OC classiles liveslocl laimeis
and liveslocl laim laLouieis in a single giou, wleieas !SCO-08 classiles llese occualions
in lwo seaiale unil gious Lelonging lo dieienl minoi, suL-majoi and majoi gious.
250. !l inleinalionally availaLle occualional slalislics lave lo Le ioduced al lle minoi
giou level ol !SCO-08, oi al any ol lle liglei levels ol aggiegalion, llen lew ioLlems aie
lilely lo aiise in lle silualion desciiLed undei (L) aLove. !l lle inloimalion las lo Le ioduced
al lle level coiiesonding lo !SCO-08 unil gious, and lle silualion desciiLed undei (L) and
(c) aLove alies, llen lle lollowing iules, oiiginally develoed loi !SCO-88, may also Le a-
lied loi maing lo !SCO-08 in lle oidei ol iioiily given Lelow.
(a) Tle numeiical dominance iule, accoiding lo wlicl, on lle Lasis ol lle addilional inloi-
malion availaLle liom economic and ollei slalislics, oi liom secloial exeils, eslimales
oi judgemenl slould Le made conceining lle ielalive imoilance ol lle occualions clas-
siled in lle OC giou. !l aioximalely 80 ei cenl oi moie ol lle joLs classiled in lle
OC giou Lelong lo a ailiculai !SCO-08 giou, llen lle wlole OC giou slould Le
classiled in llis !SCO-08 giou.
(L) Tle slill level iule, accoiding lo wlicl lle occualional mix ol lle OC giou slould Le
analysed on lle Lasis ol lle !SCO-08 slill-level concel. Tle maing inlo an !SCO-08
group should then be carried out on the basis of the occupations found to be the most skilled.
(c) Tle ioduclion iule, accoiding lo wlicl, loi lle uioses ol maing inlo !SCO-08, in
lle occualional mix ol a OC giou ioduclion occualions will lave iioiily ovei sales
or managerial occupations.
251. \se ol lle iules (a), (L) and (c) seciled aLove loi maing calegoiies in nalional clas-
silcalions lo !SCO-08 will inevilaLly lave a negalive imacl on lle accuiacy ol any exeicise
lo conveil nalional occualional dala lo !SCO-08. Tlis may imose signilcanl limilalions
on lle validily ol inleinalional comaiisons. !l llis lye ol maing is necessaiy il may Le
woill consideiing coding nalional occualional dala diieclly lo !SCO-08, as discussed Lelow
in seclion 5.5.
5.5 Coding to both the nationaI occupation cIassication and !5CD
252. !nleinalional comaiaLilily ol occualional slalislics can Le aclieved mosl accuialely
Ly coding lle oiiginal iesonses lo queslions on occualion diieclly lo lle inleinalional
classilcalion syslem (Homann, 1994, . 2089). !l llis involves lle iecoding ol census oi
suivey iesonses llal lave alieady Leen coded lo lle nalional classilcalion, lle cosls may
Le ioliLilive. !l, lowevei, lle coding index includes Loll !SCO-08 codes and OC codes,
llen il is ossiLle lo assign codes loi Loll classilcalion syslems. Tlis allows dual coding lo Le
done in a cosl-eeclive mannei using a single coding iocess al lle lime lle suivey oi census
dala aie oiiginally iocessed. Wleie coding is done manually, llis is lilely lo involve lle
ielalively modesl addilional exense ol ley enleiing lwo sels ol codes inslead ol one. Wleie
computer-assisted or automatic coding is used, the additional costs are likely to be minimal.
253. Tle comlexily ol dual coding oeialions ol llis lye will deend on low dieienl lle
OC is liom !SCO-08. !oi examle, il lle OC is closely Lased on !SCO-08 and uses a
similai concelual model, il may Le ielalively easy lo assign Loll OC and !SCO-08 codes
lo coding index enliies.
254. !l lle lwo classilcalions lave veiy dieienl concelual aioacles, il is lilely lo Le moie
dimcull lo design index enliies llal assign codes lo Loll classilcalions. Addilional index en-
liies may need lo Le develoed, loi examle lo allow loi lle dislinclions Lelween calegoiies in
Loll classilcalion syslems lo Le made. !l is iecisely in llis silualion, lowevei, llal maing
liom lle nalional classilcalion lo !SCO-08 using a coiiesondence laLle may Le leasl leasiLle.
!n sucl cases lle exlia eoil involved in designing an index llal will assign codes lo Loll clas-
silcalions may Le lle only eeclive way ol ioducing valid inleinalionally comaiaLle dala.
6. CDLLECT!DNANDCDD!NSDFDATAFDPCLA55!F!CAT!DN5
BA5EDDN!5CD-08
255. Tlis clalei iovides an oveiview ol consideialions involved in lle colleclion ol dala
on occualion. !l also summaiizes lle ioceduies loi assigning lle iesonses lo queslions on
occualion lo classilcalions Lased on !SCO-08. Tlese ioceduies aie ieleiied lo as coding.
256. Moie delailed inloimalion aLoul collecling and coding dala on occualion can Le lound
in Measuring the economically active in population censuses: A handbook, published jointly by
lle \niled alions and lle !IO in 2010. Mucl ol lle inloimalion iovided in llis landLool
is ielevanl loi louselold and ollei suiveys as well as loi censuses. !uillei advice will also
Le iovided in lle ioosed !SCO-08 Implementation guide.
6.1 !nformation needed for coding
257. !oi accuiale coding lo any level ol !SCO-08 and ielaled nalional classilcalions, inloima-
lion is needed on lle lollowing:
y Name or title of occupation
y Main lasls oi dulies usually eiloimed in lle joL
258. Tle lollowing inloimalion may also Le uselul:
y Tle lye ol economic aclivily ol lle eslaLlislmenl (indusliy)
y Wlellei oi nol lle main aim ol lle aclivily is own consumlion (suLsislence)
259. !nloimalion aLoul lle lind ol economic aclivily (oi indusliy) ol lle eslaLlislmenl in
wlicl a eison is emloyed, and even lle name ol lle eslaLlislmenl, may Le lellul in some
inslances, wlen used in suoil ol inloimalion aLoul occualion lille and/oi lasls eiloimed.
Information on the industry of the establishment in which a person is employed is not nor-
mally useful, on its own, in assigning occupation codes.
260. !l suLsislence laiming oi lsling is signilcanl in lle counliy, oi is a majoi olicy concein,
it may also be necessary to collect information about whether or not the worker produces
goods mainly for the market or mainly for own household consumption.
261. !nloimalion aLoul lle level ol slill oi lle loimal qualilcalions leld Ly an individual is
nol necessaiy and nol uselul. !l is liequenlly lle case llal individuals lold liglei qualilca-
lions llan llose iequiied loi lle joL in wlicl lley aie emloyed oi, conveisely, llal lley do
nol lold any loimal qualilcalions ielevanl lo lle joL. Tle use ol sucl inloimalion loi occu-
pation coding could therefore lead to error and introduce a bias in the relationship between
dala on occualion and level ol educalion.
6.2 Types of question on occupation
262. Tliee lyes ol queslion on occualion lave lyically Leen used in nalional censuses and
louselold suiveys:
One oi lwo ie-coded (licl Lox) queslions on lle joLs llal lle individuals leld (nol
recommended)
One wiile-in queslion lo oLlain occualion-ielevanl inloimalion aLoul individuals` joLs
Two oi moie wiile-in queslions: a Lasic queslion on lle lille ol lle osilion leld will
lollow-u on main lasls eiloimed Ly lle individual in lle joL
263. !n eslaLlislmenl suiveys and adminislialive dala colleclions, a joL desciilion oi duly
slalemenl may Le coded diieclly lo lle occualion classilcalion, using Loll lle coding index
and delailed lexl desciilions ol lle classilcalion gious. Tle naluie and delail ol lle inloi-
malion availaLle liom llese souices may Le quile dieienl liom lle inloimalion iovided in
household-based collections.
Pre-ccded questcns
264. Closed-ended ie-coded queslions lave limiled accuiacy, as lle names loi gious in oc-
cualion classilcalions do nol usually equale will ieal woild leims used lo desciiLe joLs.
!n addilion, since llese queslions aie necessaiily limiled lo a small numLei ol calegoiies lley
do nol iovide sumcienl delail lo meel lle needs ol mosl dala useis, even llougl lley lale
u a laige amounl ol sace on census and suivey loims.
265. Tle iincial advanlage ol closed-ended queslions on occualion is llal iesonses can
Le iocessed quiclly and al a low cosl. !l llis aioacl is unavoidaLle due lo cosl limila-
lions, seaiale iesonse calegoiies can Le iovided loi ligl-iioiily gious. Accuiacy can
also Le imioved lliougl lesling and ielnemenl ol queslions. !l is imoilanl lo nole llal
the names of categories from broad classication groups should not usually appear on the
queslionnaiie.
Dpen-ended questcns
266. Oen-ended queslions, il designed well, can iovide sumcienl inloimalion lo accuialely
assign a 4-digil !SCO-08 code. Adequale sace musl Le iovided loi a wiillen iesonse ol
seveial woids, and lle queslion oi queslions slould collecl inloimalion aLoul Loll lle joL
lille and lle main lasls oi dulies eiloimed. Lxamles ol suilaLly delailed iesonses slould
Le iovided wleie ossiLle, esecially on sell-enumeialed queslionnaiies. Wleie dala aie
collecled Ly lelelone oi eisonal inleiview, good inleiviewei liaining is essenlial lo ensuie
llal iesonses aie adequale.
267. Tle oLvious disadvanlage ol using oen-ended queslions is llal iesonses lave lo Le
assigned classilcalion codes using an index ol occualion lilles (a coding index). Tlis can Le
a costly process but is the only way of obtaining accurate and reliable statistical and admin-
islialive dala on occualion. Relalively quicl and cosl-eeclive coding mellods aie ossiLle,
Lul aie lilely lo iequiie signilcanl develomenl eoil.
268. A single queslion las liequenlly Leen asled in suiveys and censuses sucl as:
y What is the main occupation of (the person) in this workplace?
y What kind of work does (the person) do?
269. Tlis aioacl may iovide adequale inloimalion liom some Lul nol all iesondenls.
Tlis lye ol queslion is lilely, lowevei, lo yield iesonses sucl as managei, consullanl
oi laim woil. Sucl iesonses may nol Le aLle lo Le coded ieliaLly lo any level ol !SCO-08.
!l llis lye ol queslion is used, inleivieweis need lo Le liained lloiouglly lo ioLe wlen lle
inloimalion inilially iovided is insumcienl.
270. Tle use ol seaiale queslions on joL lille and lasls eiloimed is incieasingly used Ly
slalislical omces and is lle iecommended aioacl loi louselold suiveys and censuses. Tle
use ol lwo queslions geneially assuies llal sumcienl delail is iovided. Asling loi lwo dil-
leienl lyes ol inloimalion will lel lle iesondenl lo iesond lully and lo give moie delail
in lle second queslion, loi examle:
y Tille: Sales managei
y Tasls: Selling used cais
y Tille: Cuslomei seivices consullanl
y Tasls: Selling used cais
6.3 5uggested questions recommended for testing and further deveIopment
271. Questions for use in statistical collections need to be tested for suitability in a particular
dala colleclion selling and in lle nalional conlexl. Tesling slould geneially involve allemling
lo assign classilcalion codes lo lle iesonses lo suivey queslions (lesl coding), as well as con-
ducling lollow-u inleiviews will dala colleclois and iesondenls. Tle lesl coding iocess is
also a uselul mellod ol develoing, lesling and ielning lle coding index.
272. Tle lollowing queslions aie suggesled as a slailing oinl in lle develomenl ol a nalional
approach towards the collection of occupation data.
1. In the main job held last week what was your work or occupation?
Please give full job title and be specic. For example:
!iuil iclei
Iegal secielaiy
Reslauianl managei
Secondaiy sclool leaclei
Callle laimei
Regisleied nuise
Occualion:
2. What are your main tasks or duties in that job?
Please give details. For example:
Picling and caiiying oianges and eacles
Pieaiing legal documenls
Managing lle oeialions ol a ieslauianl
Teacling mallemalics
Managing a callle laim
Caiing loi lle sicl and adminisleiing medicalions
Main lasls oi dulies:
273. Secial allenlion may need lo Le given lo suLsislence laiming and lsling. !l llis is a
policy concern, or is thought to represent a signicant proportion of employment, it may be ad-
visaLle lo asl an addilional queslion lo imiove accuiacy. Tle lollowing aioacl is suggesled.
3. Do you produce goods mainly for sale or mainly for your own or family use?
Only for sale
Mainly loi sale Lul ailly loi own oi lamily use
Mainly loi own oi lamily use Lul ailly loi sale
Only for own or family use
274. Tlis queslion can geneially Le asled as a closed-ended queslion will iesonse calegoiies
that ensure a clean separation between those who produce goods mainly for sale and mainly
loi lamily use. Tle loui closed-ended iesonse calegoiies suggesled aLove iequiie lle ie-
spondent to decide whether production is mainly for sale or mainly for own consumption.
Seleclion ol lle lliid oi louill iesonse calegoiies would imly llal an !SCO-08 code in SuL-
majoi Giou 63: SuLsislence !aimeis, !isleis, Hunleis and Galleieis may Le aioiiale.
275. !l inloimalion on suLsislence aclivily is collecled as ail ol a sel ol queslions on slalus in
emloymenl oi economic aclivily slalus, lle iesonses slould also Le used in lle occualion
coding or editing process and adapted, if necessary, to ensure they are sufciently consistent
will lle delnilion ol !SCO-08 SuL-majoi Giou 63.
6.4 Assigning cIassication codes to survey responses (coding)
276. Resonses lo oen-ended queslions lave lo Le assigned lo lle aioiiale calegoiy in an
occualion classilcalion. Wlellei oi nol lle occualion classilcalion is Lased on !SCO-08 llis
is nol usually a simle iocess. Resonses lo queslions on occualion (lille and lasls), indusliy
and name and addiess ol woillace aie ielevanl lo lle occualion coding iocess. Resonses
lo any queslions llal collecl dala on suLsislence aclivily slould also Le lalen inlo consideialion.
277. !l is advisaLle lo ieaie lliee documenls in advance ol coding iesonses lo oen-ended
queslions on occualion. Tlese aie: (1) coding insliuclions secilying lle ioceduies lle
codei is lo lollow; (2) a coding index; and (3) queiy iesolulion ioceduies, secilying low lo
deal will iesonses llal cannol Le coded using lle index and lle slandaid coding ioceduies
specied in (1).
278. Tle coding index is lle ley insliumenl loi malcling iesonses lo queslions will !SCO-08
codes. It can take the form of a durable printed publication, a loose-leaf binder, computer
iinloul, oi a macline-ieadaLle lle willin a comulei syslem. Tle same index can Le used
in all of these forms in manual, computer-assisted and automatic coding operations.
279. Tle index is needed Lecause lle loimal names loi classilcalion calegoiies (e.g. Lducalion
Managei) aie nol usually lle same as leims noimally used lo desciiLe joLs in naluial language
(e.g. lead leaclei, sclool iincial, univeisily dean, leadmisliess).
280. Tle index enliies usually include a code loi one oi moie classilcalion syslems, and one oi
moie woids Lased on iesonses given in censuses and suiveys. Vaiious devices sucl as slasles,
underlining and italics may be used to indicate whether specic words can be matched with
inloimalion given as lle occualion lille, lasls eiloimed oi ollei sulemenlaiy inloima-
lion sucl as indusliy. Tle index is seaicled allaLelically Lul can also Le soiled in code oidei
loi udaling and queiy iesolulion.
281. !n lle aLsence ol any nalional index oi any ollei uselul souice lo assess comleleness ol
a nalional index, lle !SCO-08 Index of occupational titles, uLlisled as !SCO-08, Volume 2,
may Le a good slailing oinl lo develo a nalional index. Tle nalional index, lowevei, needs
lo ieecl language as used in suivey iesonses in lle counliy conceined.
282. Tle !SCO-08 Index of occupational titles can be found in electronic form on the ISCO
weLsile: lll://www.ilo.oig/uLlic/englisl/Luieau/slal/isco/index.llm, oi Ly sending an email
lo: !SCOilo.oig, and may Le used as a slailing oinl in lle develomenl ol nalional coding
indexes willoul Lieacl ol !IO coyiigll.
283. !n some slalislical colleclions lleie las Leen a lendency lo code dala on occualion only
lo a ailiculai aggiegale level ol lle classilcalion sliucluie (e.g. lle 3-digil level ol !SCO).
One aigumenl loi llis is lle eiceived cosl ol coding lo a laigei numLei ol calegoiies in leims
ol eiiois and sla louis iequiied. Tleie may also Le concein llal lle iesonses would nol
support coding to more detailed categories or that the detailed results may not be publishable
due to sampling considerations.
284. Tle exeiience ol many slalislical agencies las slown, lowevei, llal lle maiginal cosls ol
coding to a larger number of ISCO categories are small. Error rates do not signicantly increase
and may imiove loi aggiegale gious. Many iesonses suoil delailed coding, wlile some
do nol. Coding lo an aiLiliaiy secilc level ol lle classilcalion may lleieloie involve unneces-
sary loss of information. With respect to sampling considerations, it is important to note that
occualion classilcalions, including !SCO-08, aie nol geneially designed so llal calegoiies al
a ailiculai lieiaiclical level aie even in size. Some gious al delailed levels ol classilcalion
may Le laigei llan olleis al liglei levels. Coding al a liglei level will limil olions loi laLu-
lalion, inleinalional ieoiling, and loi lle ioduclion ol exiLle non-slandaid aggiegalions.
6.5 Coding of vague and inadequate responses
285. Wlalevei level ol delail ol lle classilcalion is used, some iesonses may Le loo vague and
imprecise to allow the coder to determine to which category the job belongs. Such responses
slould Le coded lo lle level in lle classilcalion sliucluie suoiled Ly lle inloimalion iovided
on lle queslionnaiie. Tley slould nol Le loiced inlo any ailiculai delailed calegoiy wleie only a
small iooilion ol lle joLs would lall il lle iesonses weie adequale. !l is ailiculaily imoilanl
lo ensuie llal iesidual gious (ol Llsewleie Classiled) aie nol used loi vague iesonses.
286. A common mellod ol dealing will llis lye ol iesonse is lo iovide enliies in lle
coding index loi commonly occuiiing vague iesonses. Sucl iesonses aie assigned lle code
loi lle ielevanl liglei calegoiy, lollowed Ly liailing zeios. Alleinalively, sucl codes can Le
assigned Ly secially liained coding sla oi coding sueivisois as ail ol a queiy iesolulion
iocess. !oi examle, il lle only inloimalion availaLle is llal lle eison is a managei, lle
iesonse can Le assigned lle code loi Majoi Giou 1: Manageis, lollowed Ly lliee zeios and
ieiesenled as: 1000: Manageis ol !uillei Delned.
287. A similai aioacl can Le adoled wlen dala can Le coded only lo lle suL-majoi giou
level. !l, loi examle, lle only inloimalion is lle joL lille leaclei, il can Le coded only lo
SuL-majoi Giou 23: Teacling Piolessionals. Tle iesonse can Le assigned a code loi wlal
is eeclively an aililcial unil giou (2300: Teacling Piolessionals ol !uillei Delned) Ly
adding two trailing zeros.
288. Wlen dala can Le coded only al lle minoi giou level, a single liailing zeio can Le
added lo lle 3-digil minoi giou code. !l lle only inloimalion is llal someLody is a medical
docloi, loi examle, il may nol Le ossiLle lo deleimine wlellei lle iesonse ieleis lo a
geneialisl medical iaclilionei (\nil Giou 2211) oi lo a secialisl medical iaclilionei (\nil
Giou2212). Tle iesonse can ieliaLly Le coded lo Minoi Giou 221: Medical Doclois, and
assigned code 2210: Medical Doclois ol !uillei Delned. Iooling al anollei examle, in
lle case ol lle iesonse engineei will no ollei uselul inloimalion, il may Le aioiiale
lo assign a code 2140: Lngineeiing Piolessionals ol !uillei Delned.
289. !n slalislical oululs lleie aie lwo main ways ol dealing will llese iesonses. One olion
is to allocate them proportionally to the more detailed categories in a transparent manner.
Alleinalively, lley can Le ieleased in laLles laLelled as: (Giou ame) ol !uillei Delned.
!oi examle, il 15 ei cenl ol all iesonses coded lo !SCO-08 Majoi Giou 1 iovide no moie
delailed inloimalion llan:
Occualion lille: Managei
Tasls and dulies eiloimed: Managemenl and sueivision ol sla
il may Le aioiiale lo ieiesenl llese dala in slalislical oulul as Manageis ol !uillei
Delned will an !SCO-08 code 1000. !n aggiegale oulul, llese vague iesonses aie aulomal-
ically included will dala loi lle ielevanl aggiegale giou.
290. Tle use ol codes will liailing zeios enlails lle ciealion ol sulemenlaiy codes (and
laLels) loi dala iocessing and oulul. Alllougl lley aie nol suLslanlive calegoiies in lle
classilcalion lley need lo Le seciled as valid codes loi dala sloiage and iocessing ui-
oses, in advance ol dala iocessing along will ollei sulemenlaiy codes sucl as llose loi
inadequalely desciiLed, nol slaled and nol alicaLle iesonses.
/NNE/1
5EVENTEENTH!NTEPNAT!DNALCDNFEPENCEDFLABDUP5TAT!5T!C!AN5:
PE5DLUT!DN!!!
PE5DLUT!DNCDNCEPN!NSFUPTHEPWDPKDNTHE!NTEPNAT!DNAL
5TANDAPDCLA55!F!CAT!DNDFDCCUPAT!DN5
Tle Sevenleenll !nleinalional Conleience ol IaLoui Slalislicians,
Having examined lle ieoil lo lle Conleience ol lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce`s woil will
classications,
Recognizing lle valuaLle woil llal lle !nleinalional IaLoui Omce (!IO) las caiiied oul
ovei lle yeais lo develo lle cuiienl veision ol lle International Standard Classication
of Occupations (ISCO-88) and lo advise on ils use as a model loi nalional occualional
classilcalions as well as on lleii eeclive and ieliaLle use loi slalislics and in clienl-ielaled
applications,
Recognizing llal some counliies lave nalional occualional classilcalions llal diei signil-
canlly liom !SCO-88 lo well ieecl lleii nalional ciicumslances,
Concluding llal lle Lasic iinciles and main sliucluie ol !SCO-88 slould nol Le clanged,
Lul llal neveilleless modilcalions aie necessaiy in some aieas, Loll lo male imiovemenls
in ligll ol exeiience gained in many counliies using !SCO-88-Lased classilcalions, and as
a consequence ol develomenls in lle woild ol woil ovei lle lasl 15 yeais,
OLseiving llal lle cuslodians ol nalional slandaid occualional classilcalions as well as
the users of such classications and of occupational statistics signicantly benet from the
leclnical advisoiy seivices llal lle !IO is uniquely qualiled lo iovide, and
Recalling lle iequesl made Ly lle Slalislical Commission ol lle \niled alions al ils 34ll
session (Maicl 2003) llal lle limelaLle loi lle ievision ol !SCO slould meel lle needs ol
lle 2010 iound ol oulalion and lousing censuses;
Requesls lle Goveining Body ol lle !nleinalional IaLoui Oiganizalion lo:
(a) ensure that the ILO, as the custodian of the International Standard Classication of Oc-
cupations (ISCO-88), will lave lle caacily lo:
(1) undertake the research and consultations necessary to formulate the modications
and udales ol !SCO-88 llal aie necessaiy lo ensuie llal il can conlinue lo seive as a
good model for national occupational classications to be used for statistics as well as for
clienl-ielaled alicalions;
(2) complete this work not later than the end of 2007 for the results to be taken into
account in national preparations for the majority of population censuses that are to be
undeilalen in lle 2010 iound;
(L) develo and imlemenl meclanisms loi llis woil lo Le done in cooeialion and con-
sullalion will ieiesenlalives ol cuslodians ol nalional occualional classilcalions as well as
ollei exeils and inleiesled ailies;
(c) convene an !IO meeling ol exeils lo evaluale and male aioiiale iecommendalions
on lle iesulls lo lle Goveining Body; and
(d) ensuie llal lle !IO will lave lle caacily lo iovide lle leclnical advisoiy seivices llal
will Le needed ailiculaily Ly lle develoing counliies lo ensuie llal nalional occualional
classilcalions can Le develoed oi imioved coiiesondingly and Le used eeclively and
reliably.
/NNE/2
PE5DLUT!DNCDNCEPN!NSUPDAT!NSTHE!NTEPNAT!DNAL5TANDAPD
CLA55!F!CAT!DNDFDCCUPAT!DN5
Tle Tiiailile Meeling ol Lxeils on IaLoui Slalislics on \daling lle !nleinalional Slandaid
Classication of Occupations (ISCO),
Having Leen convened al Geneva Ly lle Goveining Body ol lle !IO and laving mel liom 3
lo 6 DecemLei 2007;
Recalling the Resolution of the Fourteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians,
made on 6 ovemLei 1987, endoising lle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occua-
lions, 1988 (!SCO-88);
Recalling lle iequesl made Ly lle Slalislical Commission ol lle \niled alions al ils 34ll
session (Maicl 2003) llal lle limelaLle loi lle ievision ol !SCO slould meel lle needs ol
lle 2010 iound ol oulalion and lousing censuses; and
Concuiiing llal, wlilsl lle Lasic iinciles and main sliucluie ol !SCO-88 iemain valid, sig-
nilcanl modilcalions ieecling exeiience gained in many counliies using !SCO-88-Lased
classilcalions and new develomenls in lle woild ol woil aie necessaiy lo allow !SCO lo
conlinue lo Le a uselul model loi lle develomenl ol nalional classilcalions and a Lasis loi
inleinalional comaiison and exclange ol inloimalion classiled Ly occualion;
Recalling lle iecommendalion adoled Ly lle Sevenleenll !nleinalional Conleience ol IaLoui
Slalislicians in 2003 loi lle meeling lo evaluale lle woil ol lle !IO lo udale !SCO-88 and
lo male aioiiale iecommendalions on lle iesulls lo lle Goveining Body; and
Having examined lle ieoil lo lle Meeling desciiLing lle woil ol lle !nleinalional IaLoui
Omce on udaling !SCO-88;
Adols, llis sixll day ol DecemLei 2007, lle lollowing iesolulion:
1. Tle occualional classilcalion syslem ol majoi, suL-majoi, minoi and unil gious slown
in lle Annex lo llis iesolulion is endoised Ly lle Meeling ol Lxeils in IaLoui Slalislics
and is designaled lle !nleinalional Slandaid Classilcalion ol Occualions, 2008 (!SCO-08).
2. !SCO classiles joLs. A Job is delned loi lle uioses ol !SCO-08 as a set of tasks and
duties performed, or meant to be performed, by one person, including for an employer or in self
employment.
3. An occupation is dened as a set of jobs whose main tasks and duties are characterized by a
high degree of similarity. A eison may Le associaled will an occualion lliougl lle main
joL cuiienlly leld, a second joL oi a joL ieviously leld.
4. 1oLs aie classiled Ly occualion will iesecl lo lle lye ol woil eiloimed, oi lo Le
eiloimed. Tle Lasic ciileiia used lo delne lle syslem ol majoi, suL-majoi, minoi and unil
gious aie lle slill level and slill secializalion iequiied lo comelenlly eiloim lle
tasks and duties of the occupations.
5. !n collecling and iocessing slalislics classiled Ly occualion (e.g. loi use in lelds sucl as
labour market analysis, educational planning, human resource planning, occupational health
and salely analysis, wages analysis, elc.), eacl counliy slould endeavoui lo comile dala llal
can Le conveiled lo lle !SCO-08 syslem, lo lacililale lle inleinalional use and comaiison
of occupational information.
6. Counliies slould iovide inloimalion lo lle !IO aLoul low lle gious delned in lle
classication (or classications) of occupations used for national purposes can best be related
lo !SCO-08.
7. Tle Meeling ol Lxeils noles llal lle !IO lans lo:
(a) uLlisl !SCO-08 including delnilions ol lle majoi, suL-majoi, minoi and unil gious and
an index ol occualions in Lnglisl, !iencl and Sanisl;
(L) iovide a manual and liaining maleiial on low lo adal !SCO-08 loi use in nalional and
iegional sellings; and iovide liaining on a iegional Lasis lliougl a seiies ol iegional
woilslos;
(c) ensure that, as the custodian of the International Standard Classication of Occupations
(ISCO-08), il will lave lle caacily lo iovide lle leclnical advisoiy seivices llal will
Le needed ailiculaily Ly lle develoing counliies lo ensuie llal nalional occualional
classilcalions can Le develoed oi imioved coiiesondingly and Le used eeclively and
reliably.
B!BL!DSPAPHY
Budlendei, D. 2003. Whither the International Standard Classication of Occupations (ISCO-88)?,
Woiling Paei o. 9, Policy !nlegialion Deailmenl, Buieau ol Slalislics (Geneva, !IO).
Embury, B. et al. 1997. Constructing a map of the world of work: How to develop the structure and contents
of a national standard classication of occupations, Woiling Paei o. 95/2, Buieau ol Slalislics
(Geneva, !IO).
Homann, L. 1994. Maing a nalional classilcalion ol occualions inlo !SCO-88: Oulline ol a
slialegy, Clalei 23 in !. Cleinyslev (ed.): Labour statistics for a market economy: Challenges
and solutions in the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
(Budaesl, Cenlial Luioean \niveisily Piess).
. 1999. International statistical comparisons of occupations and social structures: Problems, possibilities
and the role of ISCO-88. AvailaLle al: lll://www.ilo.oig/uLlic/englisl/Luieau/slal/aeis/index.
htm.
. 2001. Coding occupation and industry in a population census, Woiling Paei 2001/2, Buieau ol
Slalislics (Geneva, !IO).
el al. 1995. What kind of work do you do? Data collection and processing strategies when measuring
occupation for statistical surveys and administrative records, Woiling Paei o. 95/1, Buieau ol
Slalislics (Geneva, !IO).
Hunlei, D.; Dal Poz, M. R.; Kunjumen, T. 2009. Boundaiies ol lle lealll woilloice: Delnilion and
classilcalions ol lealll woileis, in WHO: Handbook on monitoring and evaluation of human re-
sources for health (Geneva).
!nleinalional IaLoui Omce (!IO). 1923. Systems of classication of industries and occupations, Studies
and Reoils, Seiies , o. 1 (Geneva).
. 1924. Report on the International Conference of Representatives of Labour Statistical Departments
[!nleinalional Conleience ol IaLoui Slalislicians], 1923 (Geneva).
. 1949. International Standard Classication of Occupations, Reoil ieaied loi lle Sevenll !nlei-
nalional Conleience ol IaLoui Slalislicians, Geneva, SelemLei 1949 (Geneva).
. 1951. The Seventh International Conference of Labour Statisticians, Geneva, 26 September to 8 Oc-
tober 1949 (Geneva).
. 1952. International Classication of Occupations for Migration and Employment Placement (Geneva).
. 1955. The Eighth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, Geneva, 23 November to 3 De-
cember 1954 (Geneva).
. 1958. International Standard Classication of Occupations (Geneva).
. 1969. International Standard Classication of Occupations, Revised Edition 1968 (Geneva).
. 1990. International Standard Classication of Occupations (ISCO-88) (Geneva).
. 1993. Resolulion conceining lle International Classication of Status in Employment (ICSE), in
!IO: Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians: Report of the Conference, Aendix
!, Resolulion ! (Geneva).
. 2004. Report of the Conference: Seventeenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 24
November3 December 2003, !CIS/17/2003/4 (Geneva).
. 2005. Updating ISCO-88: Discussion report, Meeling ol lle Lxeil Giou on !nleinalional Lco-
nomic and Social Classilcalions, ew Yoil, 2024 1une 2005, \niled alions Deailmenl ol
Lconomic and Social Aaiis, Slalislics Division (ew Yoil).
. 2008. Report of Meeting of Experts on Labour Statistics, Geneva, 36 December 2007: Updating the
International Standard Classication of Occupations (ISCO), MLIS/2007/2 (Geneva).
United Nations (UN). 2000. International Standard Industrial Classication of All Economic Activities,
Revision 3, Slalislical Paeis, Seiies M, o. 4, Rev. 4 (ew Yoil).
. 2003. United Nations Statistical Commission (2003): Report on the thirty-fourth session (47 March
2003), Lconomic and Social Council, Omcial Recoids 2003, Sulemenl o. 4 (ew Yoil).
. 2005. Final report: Meeting of the Expert Group on International Economic and Social Classica-
tions, New York, 2024 June 2005, Deailmenl ol Lconomic and Social Aaiis, Slalislics Division
(New York).
. 2007a. United Nations Statistical Commission, Report on the thirty-eighth session (27 February to 2
March 2007), Lconomic and Social Council, Omcial Recoids 2007, Sulemenl o. 4 (ew Yoil).
. 2007b. Meeting of the Expert Group on International Economic and Social Classications, 1618 April
2007, Final report (draft version) (New York).
. 2008. International Standard Industrial Classication of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev. 4) (New
York).
United Nations and International Labour Ofce. 2010. Measuring the economically active in population
censuses: A handbook, Sludies in Mellods, Seiies !, o. 102 (ew Yoil).
United Nations Educational, Scientic and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 1997. International
Standard Classication of Education (ISCED 1997) (Paris).
P/RT
5TPUCTUPEDFTHE!NTEPNAT!DNAL5TANDAPD
CLA55!F!CAT!DN DF DCCUPAT!DN5 (!5CD-08)
Sliucluie ol !SCO-08: Majoi Gious 65
MAJDPSPDUP5
1 Managers
2 ProfessionaIs
3 TechniciansandAssociateProfessionaIs
4 CIericaI 5upport Workers
5 5ervices and 5aIes Workers
6 5kiIIed AgricuIturaI, Forestry and Fishery Workers
7 Craft and PeIated Trades Workers
8 PIant and Machine Dperators and AssembIers
9 EIementary Dccupations
0 Armed Forces Dccupations
MAJDPAND5UB-MAJDPSPDUP5
1 Managers
TT Chef ExecuLves, Senor 0fcas and LegsaLors
T2 AdmnsLraLveandCommercaManagers
T3 ProducLonandSpecazedServcesManagers
T4 HospLaLy,ReLaand0LherServcesManagers
2 ProfessionaIs
2T ScenceandEngneerngProfessonas
22 HeaLhProfessonas
23 TeachngProfessonas
24 BusnessandAdmnsLraLonProfessonas
25 InformaLonandCommuncaLonsTechnoogyProfessonas
26 Lega, Soca and CuLura Professonas
3T ScenceandEngneerngAssocaLeProfessonas
32 HeaLhAssocaLeProfessonas
33 BusnessandAdmnsLraLonAssocaLeProfessonas
34 Lega, Soca, CuLura and ReaLed AssocaLe Professonas
35 InformaLonandCommuncaLonsTechncans
4T 0eneraandKeyboardCerks
42 CusLomerServcesCerks
43 NumercaandMaLeraRecordngCerks
44 0LherCercaSupporLworkers
5T PersonaServcesworkers
52 Saesworkers
53 PersonaCareworkers
54 ProLecLveServcesworkers
6T MarkeL-orenLedSkedAgrcuLuraworkers
62 MarkeL-orenLedSkedForesLry,FsheryandHunLngworkers
63 SubssLenceFarmers,Fshers,HunLersand0aLherers
7T BudngandReaLedTradesworkers(excudngEecLrcans)
72 MeLa,MachneryandReaLedTradesworkers
73 HandcrafLandPrnLngworkers
74 EecLrcaandEecLroncTradesworkers
75 FoodProcessng,woodworkng,0armenLand0LherCrafLandReaLedTradesworkers
8T SLaLonaryPanLandMachne0peraLors
82 Assembers
83 DrversandMobePanL0peraLors
Sliucluie ol !SCO-08: Majoi and SuL-majoi Gious 67
9T CeanersandHepers
92 AgrcuLura, ForesLry and Fshery Labourers
93 Labourers n Mnng, ConsLrucLon, ManufacLurng and TransporL
94 FoodPreparaLonAsssLanLs
95 SLreeLandReaLedSaesandServcesworkers
96 Refuseworkersand0LherEemenLaryworkers
0T Commssoned Armed Forces 0fcers
02 Non-commssoned Armed Forces 0fcers
03 ArmedForces0ccupaLons,0LherRanks
MAJDP,5UB-MAJDPANDM!NDPSPDUP5
1 Managers
111 Legislatcrs and Senicr 0cials
112 ManagingDirectcrsand0hieExecutives
121 BusinessServicesand/dministraticnManagers
122 Sales, Marketing and Develcpment Managers
131 Prcducticn Managers in /griculture, Fcrestry and Fisheries
132 Manuacturing, Mining, 0cnstructicn and Distributicn Managers
134 PrcessicnalServicesManagers
141 HctelandRestaurantManagers
142 RetailandwhclesaleTradeManagers
143 0therServicesManagers
2 ProfessionaIs
211 PhysicalandEarthSciencePrcessicnals
212 Mathematicians, /ctuaries and Statisticians
213 LieSciencePrcessicnals
214 EngineeringPrcessicnals(excludingElectrctechnclcgy)
215 ElectrctechnclcgyEngineers
216 /rchitects, Planners, Surveycrs and Designers
22 HeaLhProfessonas
221 MedicalDcctcrs
222 NursingandMidwieryPrcessicnals
225 \eterinarians
226 0therHealthPrcessicnals
231 UniversityandHigherEducaticnTeachers
232 \ccaticnalEducaticnTeachers
233 SeccndaryEducaticnTeachers
234 PrimarySchcclandEarly0hildhccdTeachers
235 0therTeachingPrcessicnals
241 FinancePrcessicnals
242 /dministraticnPrcessicnals
243 Sales, Marketing and Public Relaticns Prcessicnals
251 Sctwareand/pplicaticnsDevelcpersand/nalysts
252 DatabaseandNetwcrkPrcessicnals
261 LegalPrcessicnals
262 Librarians, /rchivists and 0uratcrs
263 SccialandReligicusPrcessicnals
Sliucluie ol !SCO-08: Majoi, SuL-majoi and Minoi Gious 69
264 /uthcrs, 1curnalists and Linguists
265 0reativeandPercrming/rtists
311 PhysicalandEngineeringScienceTechnicians
312 Mining, Manuacturing and 0cnstructicn Superviscrs
313 Prccess0cntrclTechnicians
314 LieScienceTechniciansandRelated/sscciatePrcessicnals
315 Shipand/ircrat0cntrcllersandTechnicians
321 MedicalandPharmaceuticalTechnicians
322 NursingandMidwiery/sscciatePrcessicnals
325 0therHealth/sscciatePrcessicnals
331 FinancialandMathematical/sscciatePrcessicnals
332 SalesandPurchasing/gentsandBrckers
333 BusinessServices/gents
334 /dministrativeandSpecializedSecretaries
335 0cvernmentRegulatcry/sscciatePrcessicnals
341 Legal, Sccial and Religicus /sscciate Prcessicnals
342 SpcrtsandFitnesswcrkers
343 /rtistic, 0ultural and 0ulinary /sscciate Prcessicnals
351 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgy0peraticnsandUserSuppcrtTech-
nicians
352 TeleccmmunicaticnsandBrcadcastingTechnicians
411 0eneral 0ce 0lerks
412 Secretaries(general)
413 Keybcard0peratcrs
421 Tellers, Mcney 0cllectcrs and Related 0lerks
422 0lientncrmaticnwcrkers
431 Numerical0lerks
432 MaterialReccrdingandTranspcrt0lerks
441 0ther0lericalSuppcrtwcrkers
511 Travel /ttendants, 0cnductcrs and 0uides
512 0ccks
513 waitersandBartenders
514 Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related wcrkers
515 BuildingandHcusekeepingSuperviscrs
516 0therPerscnalServiceswcrkers
52 Saesworkers
521 StreetandMarketSalesperscns
522 ShcpSalesperscns
523 0ashiersandTicket0lerks
524 0therSaleswcrkers
531 0hild0arewcrkersandTeachers/ides
532 Perscnal0arewcrkersinHealthServices
541 PrctectiveServiceswcrkers
611 Market0ardenersand0rcp0rcwers
612 /nimalPrcducers
613 Mixed0rcpand/nimalPrcducers
621 FcrestryandRelatedwcrkers
622 Fishery wcrkers, Hunters and Trappers
711 BuildingFrameandRelatedTradeswcrkers
712 BuildingFinishersandRelatedTradeswcrkers
713 Painters, Building Structure 0leaners and Related Trades wcrkers
721 Sheet and Structural Metal wcrkers, Mculders and welders, and Related wcrkers
722 Blacksmiths, Tcclmakers and Related Trades wcrkers
723 MachineryMechanicsandRepairers
731 Handicratwcrkers
732 PrintingTradeswcrkers
74 EecLrcaandEecLroncTradesworkers
741 ElectricalEquipmentnstallersandRepairers
742 ElectrcnicsandTeleccmmunicaticnsnstallersandRepairers
751 FccdPrccessingandRelatedTradeswcrkers
752 wccd Treaters, 0abinet-makers and Related Trades wcrkers
753 0armentandRelatedTradeswcrkers
754 0ther0ratandRelatedwcrkers
811 MiningandMineralPrccessingPlant0peratcrs
812 MetalPrccessingandFinishingPlant0peratcrs
813 0hemicalandPhctcgraphicPrcductsPlantandMachine0peratcrs
814 Rubber, Plastic and Paper Prcducts Machine 0peratcrs
815 Textile, Fur and Leather Prcducts Machine 0peratcrs
Sliucluie ol !SCO-08: Majoi, SuL-majoi and Minoi Gious 71
816 FccdandRelatedPrcductsMachine0peratcrs
817 wccdPrccessingandPapermakingPlant0peratcrs
818 0therStaticnaryPlantandMachine0peratcrs
82 Assembers
821 /ssemblers
831 LcccmctiveEngineDriversandRelatedwcrkers
832 0ar, \an and Mctcrcycle Drivers
833 HeavyTruckandBusDrivers
834 McbilePlant0peratcrs
835 ShipsDeck0rewsandRelatedwcrkers
9T CeanersandHepers
911 Dcmestic, Hctel and 0ce 0leaners and Helpers
912 \ehicle, windcw, Laundry and 0ther Hand 0leaning wcrkers
921 /gricultural, Fcrestry and Fishery Labcurers
931 Miningand0cnstructicnLabcurers
932 ManuacturingLabcurers
933 TranspcrtandStcrageLabcurers
941 FccdPreparaticn/ssistants
951 StreetandRelatedServiceswcrkers
952 Street\endcrs(excludingFccd)
961 Reusewcrkers
962 0therElementarywcrkers
011 0cmmissicned /rmed Fcrces 0cers
021 Ncn-ccmmissicned /rmed Fcrces 0cers
031 /rmed Fcrces 0ccupaticns, 0ther Ranks
MAJDP,5UB-MAJDP,M!NDPANDUN!TSPDUP5
1 Managers
111 Legislatcrs and Senicr 0cials
1111 Legislatcrs
1112 Senicr 0cvernment 0cials
1113 Traditicnal0hiesandHeadsc\illages
1114 Senicr 0cials c Special-interest 0rganizaticns
121 BusinessServicesand/dministraticnManagers
1212 HumanRescurceManagers
1213 PclicyandPlanningManagers
1219 Business Services and /dministraticn Managers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
122 Sales, Marketing and Develcpment Managers
1221 SalesandMarketingManagers
1222/dvertisingandPublicRelaticnsManagers
1223ResearchandDevelcpmentManagers
131 Prcducticn Managers in /griculture, Fcrestry and Fisheries
1311 /griculturalandFcrestryPrcducticnManagers
1312 /quacultureandFisheriesPrcducticnManagers
132 Manuacturing, Mining, 0cnstructicn and Distributicn Managers
1321 ManuacturingManagers
1322 MiningManagers
1323 0cnstructicnManagers
1324 Supply, Distributicn and Related Managers
1330ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgyServicesManagers
134 PrcessicnalServicesManagers
1341 0hild0areServicesManagers
1342 HealthServicesManagers
1343/ged0areServicesManagers
1344SccialwelareManagers
1345EducaticnManagers
1346FinancialandnsuranceServicesBranchManagers
1349 Prcessicnal Services Managers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
141 HctelandRestaurantManagers
1411 HctelManagers
1412 RestaurantManagers
143 0therServicesManagers
1431 Spcrts, Recreaticn and 0ultural 0entre Managers
1439 Services Managers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
2 ProfessionaIs
211 PhysicalandEarthSciencePrcessicnals
2111 Physicistsand/strcncmers
2112 Metecrclcgists
Sliucluie ol !SCO-08: Majoi, SuL-majoi, Minoi and \nil Gious 73
2113 0hemists
2114 0eclcgistsand0ecphysicists
213 LieSciencePrcessicnals
2131 Biclcgists, Bctanists, Zcclcgists and Related Prcessicnals
2132 Farming, Fcrestry and Fisheries /dvisers
2133 EnvircnmentalPrctecticnPrcessicnals
214 EngineeringPrcessicnals(excludingElectrctechnclcgy)
2141 ndustrialandPrcducticnEngineers
2142 0ivilEngineers
2143 EnvircnmentalEngineers
2144 MechanicalEngineers
2145 0hemicalEngineers
2146 Mining Engineers, Metallurgists and Related Prcessicnals
2149 Engineering Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
215 ElectrctechnclcgyEngineers
2151 ElectricalEngineers
2152 ElectrcnicsEngineers
2153 TeleccmmunicaticnsEngineers
216 /rchitects, Planners, Surveycrs and Designers
2161 Building/rchitects
2162 Landscape/rchitects
2163 Prcductand0armentDesigners
2164 Tcwn and Trac Planners
2165 0artcgraphersandSurveycrs
22 HeaLhProfessonas
221 MedicalDcctcrs
2211 0eneralistMedicalPractiticners
2212 SpecialistMedicalPractiticners
222 NursingandMidwieryPrcessicnals
2221 NursingPrcessicnals
2222MidwieryPrcessicnals
2230Traditicnaland0cmplementaryMedicinePrcessicnals
2240ParamedicalPractiticners
225 \eterinarians
2250\eterinarians
226 0therHealthPrcessicnals
2261 Dentists
2262Pharmacists
2263Envircnmentaland0ccupaticnalHealthandHygienePrcessicnals
2264Physictherapists
2265DieticiansandNutriticnists
2266/udiclcgistsandSpeechTherapists
22670ptcmetristsand0phthalmic0pticians
2269 Health Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
232 \ccaticnalEducaticnTeachers
2320\ccaticnalEducaticnTeachers
233 SeccndaryEducaticnTeachers
2330SeccndaryEducaticnTeachers
234 PrimarySchcclandEarly0hildhccdTeachers
2341 PrimarySchcclTeachers
2342Early0hildhccdEducatcrs
235 0therTeachingPrcessicnals
2351 EducaticnMethcdsSpecialists
2352SpecialNeedsTeachers
23530therLanguageTeachers
23540therMusicTeachers
23550ther/rtsTeachers
2356ncrmaticnTechnclcgyTrainers
2359 Teaching Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
241 FinancePrcessicnals
2411 /cccuntants
2412 Financialandnvestment/dvisers
2413 Financial/nalysts
242 /dministraticnPrcessicnals
2421 Managementand0rganizaticn/nalysts
2422 Pclicy/dministraticnPrcessicnals
2423 Perscnneland0areersPrcessicnals
2424 TrainingandStaDevelcpmentPrcessicnals
243 Sales, Marketing and Public Relaticns Prcessicnals
2431 /dvertisingandMarketingPrcessicnals
2432 PublicRelaticnsPrcessicnals
2433TechnicalandMedicalSalesPrcessicnals(excluding0T)
2434ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgySalesPrcessicnals
251 Sctwareand/pplicaticnsDevelcpersand/nalysts
2511 Systems/nalysts
2512 SctwareDevelcpers
2513 webandMultimediaDevelcpers
2514 /pplicaticnsPrcgrammers
2519 Sctware and /pplicaticns Develcpers and /nalysts Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
252 DatabaseandNetwcrkPrcessicnals
2521 DatabaseDesignersand/dministratcrs
2522Systems/dministratcrs
25230cmputerNetwcrkPrcessicnals
2529 Database and Netwcrk Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
261 LegalPrcessicnals
2611 Lawyers
2612 1udges
2619 Legal Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
262 Librarians, /rchivists and 0uratcrs
2621 /rchivistsand0uratcrs
2622LibrariansandRelatedncrmaticnPrcessicnals
263 SccialandReligicusPrcessicnals
2631Eccncmists
2632 Scciclcgists, /nthrcpclcgists and Related Prcessicnals
2633 Philcscphers, Histcrians and Pclitical Scientists
2634Psychclcgists
2635Sccialwcrkand0cunsellingPrcessicnals
2636ReligicusPrcessicnals
264 /uthcrs, 1curnalists and Linguists
2641 /uthcrsandRelatedwriters
2642 1curnalists
2643 Translatcrs, nterpreters and 0ther Linguists
265 0reativeandPercrming/rtists
2651 \isual/rtists
2652 Musicians, Singers and 0cmpcsers
2653Dancersand0hcrecgraphers
2654 Film, Stage and Related Directcrs and Prcducers
2655/ctcrs
2656 /nncuncers cn Radic, Televisicn and 0ther Media
2659 0reative and Percrming /rtists Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
311 PhysicalandEngineeringScienceTechnicians
3111 0hemicalandPhysicalScienceTechnicians
3112 0ivilEngineeringTechnicians
3113 ElectricalEngineeringTechnicians
3114 ElectrcnicsEngineeringTechnicians
3115 MechanicalEngineeringTechnicians
3116 0hemicalEngineeringTechnicians
3117 MiningandMetallurgicalTechnicians
3118 Draughtsperscns
3119 Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
312 Mining, Manuacturing and 0cnstructicn Superviscrs
3121 MiningSuperviscrs
3122 ManuacturingSuperviscrs
3123 0cnstructicnSuperviscrs
313 Prccess0cntrclTechnicians
3131 PcwerPrcducticnPlant0peratcrs
3132 ncineratcrandwaterTreatmentPlant0peratcrs
3133 0hemicalPrccessingPlant0cntrcllers
3134 Petrcleum and Natural 0as Rening Plant 0peratcrs
3135 MetalPrcducticnPrccess0cntrcllers
3139 Prccess 0cntrcl Technicians Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
314 LieScienceTechniciansandRelated/sscciatePrcessicnals
3141 LieScienceTechnicians(excludingMedical)
3142 /griculturalTechnicians
3143 FcrestryTechnicians
315 Shipand/ircrat0cntrcllersandTechnicians
3151 ShipsEngineers
3152 Ships' Deck 0cers and Pilcts
3153 /ircratPilctsandRelated/sscciatePrcessicnals
3154 /ir Trac 0cntrcllers
3155 /ir Trac Saety Electrcnics Technicians
321 MedicalandPharmaceuticalTechnicians
3212 MedicalandPathclcgyLabcratcryTechnicians
3213 PharmaceuticalTechniciansand/ssistants
3214 MedicalandDentalPrcstheticTechnicians
322 NursingandMidwiery/sscciatePrcessicnals
3221 Nursing/sscciatePrcessicnals
3222Midwiery/sscciatePrcessicnals
3230Traditicnaland0cmplementaryMedicine/sscciatePrcessicnals
3240\eterinaryTechniciansand/ssistants
325 0therHealth/sscciatePrcessicnals
3251 Dental/ssistantsandTherapists
3252 MedicalReccrdsandHealthncrmaticnTechnicians
32530cmmunityHealthwcrkers
3254Dispensing0pticians
3255PhysictherapyTechniciansand/ssistants
3256Medical/ssistants
3257 Envircnmentaland0ccupaticnalHealthnspectcrsand/sscciates
3258/mbulancewcrkers
3259 Health /sscciate Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
331 FinancialandMathematical/sscciatePrcessicnals
3311 SecuritiesandFinanceDealersandBrckers
3312 0redit and Lcans 0cers
3313 /cccunting/sscciatePrcessicnals
3314 Statistical, Mathematical and Related /sscciate Prcessicnals
3315 \aluersandLcss/ssesscrs
332 SalesandPurchasing/gentsandBrckers
3321 nsuranceRepresentatives
33220cmmercialSalesRepresentatives
3323Buyers
3324 TradeBrckers
333 BusinessServices/gents
33310learingandFcrwarding/gents
33320cnerenceandEventPlanners
3333Emplcyment/gentsand0cntractcrs
3334RealEstate/gentsandPrcpertyManagers
3339 Business Services /gents Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
334 /dministrativeandSpecializedSecretaries
3342LegalSecretaries
3343/dministrativeandExecutiveSecretaries
3344MedicalSecretaries
335 0cvernmentRegulatcry/sscciatePrcessicnals
3351 0ustcmsandBcrdernspectcrs
3352 0cvernment Tax and Excise 0cials
3353 0cvernment Sccial Benets 0cials
3354 0cvernment Licensing 0cials
3355PclicenspectcrsandDetectives
3359 0cvernment Regulatcry /sscciate Prcessicnals Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
341 Legal, Sccial and Religicus /sscciate Prcessicnals
3411 LegalandRelated/sscciatePrcessicnals
3412 Sccialwcrk/sscciatePrcessicnals
3413 Religicus/sscciatePrcessicnals
342 SpcrtsandFitnesswcrkers
3421 /thletesandSpcrtsPlayers
3422 Spcrts 0caches, nstructcrs and 0cials
3423FitnessandRecreaticnnstructcrsandPrcgrammeLeaders
343 /rtistic, 0ultural and 0ulinary /sscciate Prcessicnals
3431Phctcgraphers
3432ntericrDesignersandDeccratcrs
3433 0allery, Museum and Library Technicians
34340hes
34350ther/rtisticand0ultural/sscciatePrcessicnals
351 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgy0peraticnsandUserSuppcrtTechnicians
3511 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgy0peraticnsTechnicians
3512 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgyUserSuppcrtTechnicians
3513 0cmputerNetwcrkandSystemsTechnicians
3514 webTechnicians
352 TeleccmmunicaticnsandBrcadcastingTechnicians
3521 Brcadcastingand/udicvisualTechnicians
3522TeleccmmunicaticnsEngineeringTechnicians
413 Keybcard0peratcrs
4131 TypistsandwcrdPrccessing0peratcrs
4132 DataEntry0lerks
421 Tellers, Mcney 0cllectcrs and Related 0lerks
4211 BankTellersandRelated0lerks
4212 Bcckmakers, 0rcupiers and Related 0aming wcrkers
4213 PawnbrckersandMcney-lenders
4214 Debt0cllectcrsandRelatedwcrkers
422 0lientncrmaticnwcrkers
4221 Travel0cnsultantsand0lerks
42220cntact0entrencrmaticn0lerks
4223TelephcneSwitchbcard0peratcrs
4224 HctelRecepticnists
4225 nquiry0lerks
4226Recepticnists(general)
4227 SurveyandMarketResearchnterviewers
4229 0lient ncrmaticn wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
431 Numerical0lerks
4311 /cccuntingandBcckkeeping0lerks
4312 Statistical, Finance and nsurance 0lerks
4313 Payrcll0lerks
432 MaterialReccrdingandTranspcrt0lerks
4321 Stcck0lerks
4322Prcducticn0lerks
4323Transpcrt0lerks
441 0ther0lericalSuppcrtwcrkers
4411 Library0lerks
4412 Mail0arriersandScrting0lerks
4413 0cding, Prccreading and Related 0lerks
4414 ScribesandRelatedwcrkers
4415 Filingand0cpying0lerks
4416 Perscnnel0lerks
4419 0lerical Suppcrt wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
511 Travel /ttendants, 0cnductcrs and 0uides
5111 Travel/ttendantsandTravelStewards
5112 Transpcrt0cnductcrs
5113 Travel0uides
512 0ccks
5120 0ccks
513 waitersandBartenders
5131 waiters
5132 Bartenders
514 Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related wcrkers
5141 Hairdressers
5142 BeauticiansandRelatedwcrkers
515 BuildingandHcusekeepingSuperviscrs
5151 0leaning and Hcusekeeping Superviscrs in 0ces, Hctels and 0ther Estab-
lishments
5152 DcmesticHcusekeepers
5153 Building0aretakers
516 0therPerscnalServiceswcrkers
5161 /strclcgers, Fcrtune-tellers and Related wcrkers
5162 0cmpanicnsand\alets
5163 UndertakersandEmbalmers
5164 Pet0rccmersand/nimal0arewcrkers
5165 Drivingnstructcrs
5169 Perscnal Services wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
52 Saesworkers
521 StreetandMarketSalesperscns
5211 StallandMarketSalesperscns
5212 StreetFccdSalesperscns
522 ShcpSalesperscns
5221 Shcpkeepers
5222ShcpSuperviscrs
5223ShcpSales/ssistants
523 0ashiersandTicket0lerks
52300ashiersandTicket0lerks
524 0therSaleswcrkers
5241 Fashicnand0therMcdels
5242 SalesDemcnstratcrs
5243 Dccr-tc-dccrSalesperscns
52440cntact0entreSalesperscns
5245 ServiceStaticn/ttendants
5249 Sales wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
531 0hild0arewcrkersandTeachers/ides
5311 0hild0arewcrkers
5312 Teachers/ides
532 Perscnal0arewcrkersinHealthServices
5321 Health0are/ssistants
5322Hcme-basedPerscnal0arewcrkers
5329 Perscnal 0are wcrkers in Health Services Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
541 PrctectiveServiceswcrkers
5411 Fireghters
5412 Pclice 0cers
5413 Priscn0uards
5414 Security0uards
5419 Prctective Services wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
611 Market0ardenersand0rcp0rcwers
6111 Field0rcpand\egetable0rcwers
6112 TreeandShrub0rcp0rcwers
6113 0ardeners,HcrticulturalandNursery0rcwers
6114 Mixed0rcp0rcwers
612 /nimalPrcducers
6121 LivestcckandDairyPrcducers
6122 PcultryPrcducers
6123 /piaristsandSericulturists
6129 /nimal Prcducers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
622 Fishery wcrkers, Hunters and Trappers
6221 /quaculturewcrkers
6222nlandand0castalwatersFisherywcrkers
6223Deep-seaFisherywcrkers
6224 HuntersandTrappers
6320SubsistenceLivestcckFarmers
6330SubsistenceMixed0rcpandLivestcckFarmers
711 BuildingFrameandRelatedTradeswcrkers
7111 HcuseBuilders
7112 BricklayersandRelatedwcrkers
7113 Stcnemascns, Stcne 0utters, Splitters and 0arvers
7114 0cncrete Placers, 0cncrete Finishers and Related wcrkers
7115 0arpenters and 1ciners
7119 Building Frame and Related Trades wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
712 BuildingFinishersandRelatedTradeswcrkers
7121 Rccers
7122 FlccrLayersandTileSetters
7123 Plasterers
7124 nsulaticnwcrkers
7125 0laziers
7126 PlumbersandPipeFitters
7127 /ir0cnditicningandRerigeraticnMechanics
713 Painters, Building Structure 0leaners and Related Trades wcrkers
7131 PaintersandRelatedwcrkers
7132 SprayPaintersand\arnishers
7133 BuildingStructure0leaners
721 Sheet and Structural Metal wcrkers, Mculders and welders, and Related wcrkers
7211 MetalMculdersand0cremakers
7212 weldersandFlame0utters
7213 SheetMetalwcrkers
7214 StructuralMetalPreparersandErectcrs
7215 Riggersand0ableSplicers
722 Blacksmiths, Tcclmakers and Related Trades wcrkers
7221 Blacksmiths, Hammersmiths and Fcrging Press wcrkers
7222TcclmakersandRelatedwcrkers
7223MetalwcrkingMachineTcclSettersand0peratcrs
7224 Metal Pclishers, wheel 0rinders and Tccl Sharpeners
723 MachineryMechanicsandRepairers
7231 Mctcr\ehicleMechanicsandRepairers
7232 /ircratEngineMechanicsandRepairers
7233/griculturalandndustrialMachineryMechanicsandRepairers
7234BicycleandRelatedRepairers
731 Handicratwcrkers
7311 Precisicn-instrumentMakersandRepairers
7312 MusicalnstrumentMakersandTuners
7313 1ewellery and Precicus Metal wcrkers
7314 PcttersandRelatedwcrkers
7315 0lass Makers, 0utters, 0rinders and Finishers
7316 Signwriters, Deccrative Painters, Engravers and Etchers
7317 Handicrat wcrkers in wccd, Basketry and Related Materials
7318 Handicrat wcrkers in Textile, Leather and Related Materials
7319 Handicrat wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
732 PrintingTradeswcrkers
7321 Pre-pressTechnicians
7322Printers
7323PrintFinishingandBindingwcrkers
74 EecLrcaandEecLroncsTradesworkers
741 ElectricalEquipmentnstallersandRepairers
7411 BuildingandRelatedElectricians
7412 ElectricalMechanicsandFitters
7413 ElectricalLinenstallersandRepairers
742 ElectrcnicsandTeleccmmunicaticnsnstallersandRepairers
7421 ElectrcnicsMechanicsandServicers
7422 ncrmaticnand0cmmunicaticnsTechnclcgynstallersandServicers
751 FccdPrccessingandRelatedTradeswcrkers
7511 Butchers, Fishmcngers and Related Fccd Preparers
7512 Bakers, Pastry-cccks and 0cnecticnery Makers
7513 DairyPrcductsMakers
7514 Fruit, \egetable and Related Preservers
7515 FccdandBeverageTastersand0raders
7516 TcbacccPreparersandTcbacccPrcductsMakers
752 wccd Treaters, 0abinet-makers and Related Trades wcrkers
7521 wccdTreaters
7522 0abinet-makersandRelatedwcrkers
7523 wccdwcrkingMachineTcclSettersand0peratcrs
753 0armentandRelatedTradeswcrkers
7531 Tailcrs, Dressmakers, Furriers and Hatters
75320armentandRelatedPatternmakersand0utters
7533 Sewing, Embrcidery and Related wcrkers
7534UphclsterersandRelatedwcrkers
7535 Pelt Dressers, Tanners and Fellmcngers
7536ShcemakersandRelatedwcrkers
754 0ther0ratandRelatedwcrkers
7541 UnderwaterDivers
7542 Shctrers and Blasters
7543Prcduct0radersandTesters(excludingFccdsandBeverages)
7544Fumigatcrsand0therPestandweed0cntrcllers
7549 0rat and Related wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
811 MiningandMineralPrccessingPlant0peratcrs
8111 Minersand0uarriers
8112 MineralandStcnePrccessingPlant0peratcrs
8113 wellDrillersandBcrersandRelatedwcrkers
8114 0ement, Stcne and 0ther Mineral Prcducts Machine 0peratcrs
812 MetalPrccessingandFinishingPlant0peratcrs
8121 MetalPrccessingPlant0peratcrs
8122 Metal Finishing, Plating and 0cating Machine 0peratcrs
813 0hemicalandPhctcgraphicPrcductsPlantandMachine0peratcrs
8131 0hemicalPrcductsPlantandMachine0peratcrs
8132 PhctcgraphicPrcductsMachine0peratcrs
814 Rubber, Plastic and Paper Prcducts Machine 0peratcrs
8141 RubberPrcductsMachine0peratcrs
8142 PlasticPrcductsMachine0peratcrs
8143 PaperPrcductsMachine0peratcrs
815 Textile, Fur and Leather Prcducts Machine 0peratcrs
8151 Fibre Preparing, Spinning and winding Machine 0peratcrs
8152 weavingandKnittingMachine0peratcrs
8153 SewingMachine0peratcrs
8154 Bleaching, Dyeing and Fabric 0leaning Machine 0peratcrs
8155 FurandLeatherPreparingMachine0peratcrs
8156 ShcemakingandRelatedMachine0peratcrs
8157 LaundryMachine0peratcrs
8159 Textile, Fur and Leather Prcducts Machine 0peratcrs Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
817 wccdPrccessingandPapermakingPlant0peratcrs
8171 PulpandPapermakingPlant0peratcrs
8172 wccdPrccessingPlant0peratcrs
818 0therStaticnaryPlantandMachine0peratcrs
8181 0lassand0eramicsPlant0peratcrs
8182 SteamEngineandBciler0peratcrs
8183 Packing, Bcttling and Labelling Machine 0peratcrs
8189 Staticnary Plant and Machine 0peratcrs Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
82 Assembers
821 /ssemblers
8211 MechanicalMachinery/ssemblers
8212 ElectricalandElectrcnicEquipment/ssemblers
8219 /ssemblers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
831 LcccmctiveEngineDriversandRelatedwcrkers
8311 LcccmctiveEngineDrivers
8312 Railway Brake, Signal and Switch 0peratcrs
832 0ar, \an and Mctcrcycle Drivers
8321MctcrcycleDrivers
8322 0ar, Taxi and \an Drivers
833 HeavyTruckandBusDrivers
8331BusandTramDrivers
8332HeavyTruckandLcrryDrivers
834 McbilePlant0peratcrs
8341McbileFarmandFcrestryPlant0peratcrs
8342EarthmcvingandRelatedPlant0peratcrs
8343 0rane, Hcist and Related Plant 0peratcrs
8344LitingTruck0peratcrs
835 ShipsDeck0rewsandRelatedwcrkers
8350ShipsDeck0rewsandRelatedwcrkers
9T CeanersandHepers
911 Dcmestic, Hctel and 0ce 0leaners and Helpers
9111 Dcmestic0leanersandHelpers
9112 0leaners and Helpers in 0ces, Hctels and 0ther Establishments
912 \ehicle, windcw, Laundry and 0ther Hand 0leaning wcrkers
9121 HandLaunderersandPressers
9122 \ehicle0leaners
9123 windcw0leaners
9129 0ther0leaningwcrkers
921 /gricultural, Fcrestry and Fishery Labcurers
9211 0rcpFarmLabcurers
9212 LivestcckFarmLabcurers
9213 Mixed0rcpandLivestcckFarmLabcurers
9214 0ardenandHcrticulturalLabcurers
9215 FcrestryLabcurers
9216 Fisheryand/quacultureLabcurers
931 Miningand0cnstructicnLabcurers
9311 Miningand0uarryingLabcurers
9312 0ivilEngineeringLabcurers
9313 Building0cnstructicnLabcurers
932 ManuacturingLabcurers
9321 HandPackers
9329 Manuacturing Labcurers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
933 TranspcrtandStcrageLabcurers
9331 HandandPedal\ehicleDrivers
9332Driversc/nimal-drawn\ehiclesandMachinery
9333FreightHandlers
9334ShelFillers
941 FccdPreparaticn/ssistants
9412 KitchenHelpers
952 Street\endcrs(excludingFccd)
9520Street\endcrs(excludingFccd)
961 Reusewcrkers
9611 0arbageandRecycling0cllectcrs
9612 ReuseScrters
9613 SweepersandRelatedLabcurers
962 0therElementarywcrkers
9621 Messengers, Package Deliverers and Luggage Pcrters
96220dd-|cbPerscns
9623MeterReadersand\ending-machine0cllectcrs
9624waterandFirewccd0cllectcrs
9629 Elementary wcrkers Nct Elsewhere 0lassied
P/RT
DEF!N!T!DN5DFMAJDPSPDUP5,5UB-MAJDPSPDUP5,
M!NDPSPDUP5ANDUN!TSPDUP5
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 1 Manageis 87
Ma|cr0rcup1
MANASEP5
Manageis lan, diiecl, cooidinale and evaluale lle oveiall aclivilies ol enleiiises, govein-
ments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and
ieview lleii olicies, laws, iules and iegulalions. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occua-
lions in llis majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level, excel loi SuL-majoi
Giou14: Hosilalily, Relail and Ollei Seivices Manageis, loi wlicl slills al lle lliid !SCO
slill level aie geneially iequiied.
Tasls eiloimed Ly manageis usually include: loimulaling and advising on lle olicy, Ludgels,
laws and iegulalions ol enleiiises, goveinmenls and ollei oiganizalional unils; eslaLlisling
oLjeclives and slandaids and loimulaling and evalualing iogiammes and olicies and io-
ceduies loi lleii imlemenlalion; ensuiing aioiiale syslems and ioceduies aie develoed
and imlemenled lo iovide Ludgelaiy conliol; aulloiizing maleiial, luman and lnancial
iesouices lo imlemenl olicies and iogiammes; moniloiing and evalualing eiloimance
ol lle oiganizalion oi enleiiise and ol ils sla; selecling oi aioving lle seleclion ol sla;
ensuiing comliance will lealll and salely iequiiemenls; lanning and diiecling daily oei-
alions; ieiesenling and negolialing on Lelall ol lle goveinmenl, enleiiise oi oiganizalional
unit managed in meetings and other forums.
Occualions in llis majoi giou aie classiled inlo lle lollowing suL-majoi gious:
11 Chief Executives, 5enior DfciaIs and LegisIators
12 Administrative and CommerciaI Managers
13 Production and 5peciaIized 5ervices Managers
14 HospitaIity, PetaiI and Dther 5ervices Managers
Notes
!n dislinguisling Lelween manageis classiled in Majoi Giou 1: Manageis, and sueivisois, classiled
in ollei majoi gious, il slould Le noled llal Loll manageis and sueivisois may lan, oiganize, cooid-
inale, conliol and diiecl lle woil done Ly olleis. !n addilion, manageis usually lave iesonsiLilily loi
and male decisions aLoul: lle oveiall slialegic and oeialional diieclion ol a Lusiness oi oiganizalional
unil (loi examle aLoul lle linds, quanlily and qualily ol goods lo Le ioduced); Ludgels (low mucl
money is lo Le senl and loi wlal uioses); and lle seleclion, aoinlmenl and dismissal ol sla.
Sueivisois may iovide advice and assislance lo manageis on llese malleis, esecially in ielalion lo
sla seleclion and dismissal, Lul do nol lave aulloiily lo male decisions.
!l slould Le noled llal il is nol a necessaiy condilion llal manageis lave iesonsiLilily loi all lliee ol
slialegic and oeialional diieclion, Ludgels and sla seleclion and dismissal. Tle degiee ol aulonomy
lley exeicise may also vaiy. Tle ciilical dieience is llal sueivisois aie iesonsiLle only loi lle suei-
vision ol lle aclivilies ol ollei woileis, wleieas manageis lave oveiall iesonsiLilily loi lle oeialions
of an organizational unit.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup11
Chief Executives, 5enior DfciaIs and LegisIators
Cliel execulives, senioi omcials and legislalois loimulale and ieview lle olicies, and lan,
diiecl, cooidinale and evaluale lle oveiall aclivilies, ol enleiiises, goveinmenls and ollei
organizations with the support of other managers. Competent performance in most occupa-
lions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: iesiding ovei oi ai-
licialing in lle ioceedings ol legislalive Lodies, Loaids ol diieclois and commillees; loimu-
laling and advising on lle olicy Ludgels, laws and iegulalions ol enleiiises, goveinmenls
and ollei oiganizalions; eslaLlisling oLjeclives loi enleiiises, goveinmenl deailmenls oi
agencies and ollei oiganizalions; loimulaling oi aioving and evalualing iogiammes and
olicies and ioceduies loi lleii imlemenlalion; ensuiing aioiiale syslems and io-
ceduies aie develoed and imlemenled lo iovide Ludgelaiy conliol; aulloiizing maleiial,
luman and lnancial iesouices lo imlemenl olicies and iogiammes; moniloiing and evalu-
aling eiloimance ol lle oiganizalion oi enleiiise; selecling oi aioving lle seleclion ol
senioi sla; eiloiming ceiemonial dulies and ieiesenling lle enleiiise, goveinmenl, oi-
ganizalion oi communily al omcial occasions and in meelings, negolialions, convenlions and
public hearings.
Occualions in llis suL-majoi giou aie classiled inlo lle lollowing minoi gious:
111 LegisIators and 5enior DfciaIs
112 ManagingDirectorsandChiefExecutives
Mincr0rcup111
LegisIators and 5enior DfciaIs
Iegislalois and senioi omcials deleimine, loimulale, advise on and diiecl lle imlemenlalion
ol olicies ol nalional, slale, iegional oi local goveinmenls oi communilies, and ol secial-
inleiesl oiganizalions. Tley male, ialily, amend oi ieeal laws, uLlic iules and iegulalions,
and lan, oiganize, diiecl, conliol and evaluale lle oveiall aclivilies ol goveinmenl deail-
ments and agencies, traditional communities and special-interest organizations.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: iesiding ovei oi ailicialing in lle ioceedings ol legis-
lalive Lodies and adminislialive councils ol goveinmenls, legislalive assemLlies, local com-
munilies and secial-inleiesl oiganizalions; seiving on goveinmenl adminislialive Loaids oi
omcial commillees; invesligaling malleis ol concein lo lle uLlic and iomoling lle inleiesls
ol consliluenls; loimulaling and advising on goveinmenl olicy, Ludgels, laws and iegula-
lions; eslaLlisling oLjeclives loi oiganizalions and loimulaling oi aioving and evalualing
iogiammes and olicies and ioceduies loi lleii imlemenlalion; iecommending, ieviewing,
evalualing and aioving documenls, Liiels and ieoils suLmilled; ensuiing aioiiale sys-
lems and ioceduies aie develoed and imlemenled lo iovide Ludgelaiy conliol; allocaling
lle use ol communal land and ollei iesouices; eiloiming ceiemonial dulies and ieiesenling
lle goveinmenl, oiganizalion oi communily al omcial occasions and in meelings, negoli-
alions, convenlions and uLlic leaiings.
Occualions in llis minoi giou aie classiled inlo lle lollowing unil gious:
1111 LegisIators
1112 5enior Sovernment DfciaIs
1113 TraditionaIChiefsandHeadsofViIIages
1114 5enior DfciaIs of 5peciaI-interest Drganizations
Unit0rcup111
LegisIators
Legislators determine, formulate and direct pol-
icies ol nalional, slale, iegional oi local govein-
menls and inleinalional goveinmenlal agencies,
and make, ratify, amend or repeal laws, public
iules and iegulalions. Tley include elecled and
non-elected members of parliaments, councils
and goveinmenls.
Tasls include
(a) iesiding ovei oi ailicialing in lle io-
ceedings ol legislalive Lodies and adminis-
lialive councils ol nalional, slale, iegional oi
local goveinmenls oi legislalive assemLlies;
(b) determining, formulating and directing pol-
icies ol nalional, slale, iegional oi local gov-
einmenls;
(c) making, ratifying, amending or repealing
laws, public rules and regulations within a
slaluloiy oi conslilulional liamewoil;
(d) seiving on goveinmenl adminislialive Loaids
oi omcial commillees;
(e) invesligaling malleis ol concein lo lle uLlic
and promoting the interests of the constitu-
encies wlicl lley ieiesenl;
(f) attending community functions and meet-
ings lo iovide seivice lo lle communily,
undeisland uLlic oinion and iovide in-
loimalion on goveinmenl lans;
(g) negotiating with other legislators and rep-
iesenlalives ol inleiesl gious in oidei lo
reconcile differing interests, and to create
olicies and agieemenls;
(l) as memLeis ol lle goveinmenl, diiecling
senioi adminislialois and omcials ol govein-
ment departments and agencies in the inter-
ielalion and imlemenlalion ol goveinmenl
policies.
Examples of the occupations classied here:
y City councillor
y Goveinmenl minislei
y Mayoi
y MemLei ol ailiamenl
y Piesidenl (goveinmenl)
y Secretary of state
y Senator
y Slale goveinoi
Unit0rcup1112
5enior Sovernment DfciaIs

Senioi goveinmenl omcials advise goveinmenls
on olicy malleis, oveisee lle inleiielalion
and imlemenlalion ol goveinmenl olicies and
legislalion Ly goveinmenl deailmenls and agen-
cies, represent their country abroad and act on its
Lelall, oi caiiy oul similai lasls in inleigovein-
menlal oiganizalions. Tley lan, oiganize, diiecl,
conliol and evaluale lle oveiall aclivilies ol muni-
cial oi local, iegional and nalional goveinmenl
departments, boards, agencies or commissions in
accordance with legislation and policies estab-
lisled Ly goveinmenl and legislalive Lodies.
Tasls include
(a) advising nalional, slale, iegional oi local gov-
einmenls and legislalois on olicy malleis;
(L) advising on lle ieaialion ol goveinmenl
budgets, laws and regulations, including
amendmenls;
(c) eslaLlisling oLjeclives loi goveinmenl de-
partments or agencies in accordance with
goveinmenl legislalion and olicy;
(d) loimulaling oi aioving and evalualing
programmes and procedures for the imple-
menlalion ol goveinmenl olicies in conjunc-
lion oi consullalion will goveinmenl;
(e) iecommending, ieviewing, evalualing and
aioving documenls, Liiels and ieoils
submitted by middle managers and senior
sla memLeis;
(f) ensuring appropriate systems and procedures
aie develoed and imlemenled lo iovide
Ludgelaiy conliol;
(g) cooidinaling aclivilies will ollei senioi gov-
einmenl manageis and omcials;
(l) maling iesenlalions lo legislalive and ollei
goveinmenl commillees iegaiding olicies,
iogiammes oi Ludgels;
(i) oveiseeing lle inleiielalion and imlemen-
lalion ol goveinmenl olicies and legislalion
Ly goveinmenl deailmenls and agencies.
y AmLassadoi
y City administrator
y Civil seivice commissionei
y Consul-general
y Diiecloi-geneial (goveinmenl deailmenl)
y Diiecloi-geneial (inleigoveinmenlal
organization)
y Fire commissioner
y Inspector-general (police)
y Peimanenl lead (goveinmenl deailmenl)
y Police chief constable
y Police commissioner
y Secielaiy-geneial (goveinmenl
administration)
y \ndei-secielaiy (goveinmenl)
Note
Cliel execulives ol goveinmenl-owned enleiiises aie
included in \nil Giou 1120: Managing Diieclois and
Cliel Lxeculives.
Unit0rcup1113
TraditionaIChiefsandHeadsofViIIages
Tiadilional cliels and leads ol villages eiloim
a vaiiely ol legislalive, adminislialive and cei-
emonial tasks and duties, determined by ancient
liadilions as well as Ly lle division ol iiglls and
iesonsiLililies Lelween village cliels and lle
local, regional and national authorities.
Tasls include
(a) allocating the use of communal land and
other resources among households in the
communily oi village;
(b) collecting and distributing surplus produc-
lion ol lle communily oi village;
(c) settling disputes between members of the
communily oi village;
(d) disciplining members of the community or
village loi violalion ol iules and cusloms;
(e) performing ceremonial duties in connection
will Liills, maiiiages, dealls, laivesls and
ollei imoilanl occasions;
(l) ieiesenling lle communily oi village on
local oi iegional councils;
(g) inloiming lle communily oi village aLoul
goveinmenl iules and iegulalions.
y Village chief
y Village head
Unit0rcup1114
5enior DfciaIs of 5peciaI-interest Drganizations

Senior ofcials of special-interest organizations
determine, formulate and direct the implementa-
tion of policies of special-interest organizations,
such as political-party organizations, trade
unions, employers organizations, trade and
industry associations, humanitarian or charity
organizations, or sports associations, and repre-
sent their organizations and act on their behalf.
Tasls include
(a) determining and formulating the policies,
iules and iegulalions ol lle oiganizalion;
(b) planning, directing and coordinating the
geneial lunclioning ol lle oiganizalion;
(c) ieviewing lle oeialions and iesulls ol lle
organization and reporting to boards of
diieclois and goveining Lodies, lle oigan-
izalion`s memLeisli and lunding agencies;
(d) negotiating on behalf of the organization,
ils memLeis and ielevanl secial-inleiesl
gious;
(e) promoting the interests of the organization,
ils memLeis and ielevanl secial-inleiesl
gious Leloie lle legislaluie, goveinmenl oi
geneial uLlic;
(f) planning, organizing and directing sections
charged with implementing the organizations
olicies, iogiammes, iules and iegulalions;
(g) ensuring appropriate systems and procedures
aie develoed and imlemenled lo iovide
Ludgelaiy conliol;
(l) moniloiing and evalualing eiloimance ol
the organization or enterprise against estab-
lisled oLjeclives and olicies;
(i) representing the organization at ofcial occa-
sions and board meetings, in negotiations and
al convenlions, uLlic leaiings and loiums.
y Chairperson, trade union
y Diiecloi-geneial, emloyeis` oiganizalion
y Leader, political party
y President, political party
y Secielaiy-geneial, enviionmenl
protection organization
y Secretary-general, human rights
organization
Mincr0rcup112
ManagingDirectorsandChiefExecutives
Managing diieclois and cliel execulives loimulale and ieview lle olicies, and lan, diiecl,
cooidinale and evaluale lle oveiall aclivilies, ol enleiiises oi oiganizalions (excel secial-
inleiesl oiganizalions and goveinmenl deailmenls) will lle suoil ol ollei manageis,
usually willin guidelines eslaLlisled Ly a Loaid ol diieclois oi a goveining Lody lo wlom
they are answerable for the operations undertaken and results.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lanning, diiecling and cooidinaling lle geneial lunclioning
ol an enleiiise oi oiganizalion; ieviewing lle oeialions and iesulls ol lle enleiiise oi
oiganizalion, and ieoiling lo Loaids ol diieclois and goveining Lodies; deleimining oLjec-
lives, slialegies, olicies and iogiammes loi lle enleiiise oi oiganizalion; ioviding oveiall
diieclion and managemenl lo oiganizalions; eslaLlisling and managing Ludgels, conliolling
exendiluie and ensuiing lle emcienl use ol iesouices; aulloiizing maleiial, luman and
lnancial iesouices lo imlemenl oiganizalional olicies and iogiammes; moniloiing and
evalualing eiloimance ol lle oiganizalion oi enleiiise againsl eslaLlisled oLjeclives and
olicies; consulling will senioi suLoidinale sla and ieviewing iecommendalions and ie-
oils; ieiesenling lle oiganizalion al omcial occasions, in negolialions and al convenlions,
seminais, uLlic leaiings and loiums; selecling oi aioving lle seleclion ol senioi sla;
ensuiing lle oiganizalion comlies will ielevanl legislalion and iegulalions.
Occualions in llis minoi giou aie classiled inlo lle lollowing unil giou:
1120 ManagingDirectorsandChiefExecutives
Unit0rcup1120
ManagingDirectorsandChiefExecutives
Managing diieclois and cliel execulives loimulale
and ieview lle olicies, and lan, diiecl, cooid-
inale and evaluale lle oveiall aclivilies, ol enlei-
iises oi oiganizalions (excel secial-inleiesl
oiganizalions and goveinmenl deailmenls) will
the support of other managers, usually within
guidelines established by a board of directors
oi a goveining Lody lo wlom lley aie answei-
able for the operations undertaken and results.
Tasls include
(a) planning, directing and coordinating the
general functioning of an enterprise or or-
ganizalion;
(L) ieviewing lle oeialions and iesulls ol lle
enterprise or organization and reporting to
Loaids ol diieclois and goveining Lodies;
(c) deleimining oLjeclives, slialegies, olicies
and programmes for the enterprise or organ-
izalion;
(d) ioviding oveiall leadeisli and manage-
menl lo lle enleiiise oi oiganizalion;
(e) establishing and managing budgets, control-
ling exendiluie and ensuiing lle emcienl
use ol iesouices;
(f) authorizing material, human and nancial
resources to implement organizational pol-
icies and iogiammes;
(g) moniloiing and evalualing eiloimance ol
the organization or enterprise against estab-
lisled oLjeclives and olicies;
(l) consulling will senioi suLoidinale sla and
ieviewing iecommendalions and ieoils;
(i) representing the organization at ofcial oc-
casions and board meetings, in negotiations
and al convenlions, seminais, uLlic leai-
ings and loiums;
(j) selecling oi aioving lle seleclion ol senioi
sla;
(k) ensuring the organization complies with
ielevanl legislalion and iegulalions.
y Cliel execulive
y Managing diiecloi
y Regional manager
Note
Regional managers and other senior managers who
cooidinale and sueivise lle aclivilies ol suLoidinale
manageis wlo lave a diveise iange ol lunclional ieson-
siLililies aie included in \nil Giou 1120: Managing Di-
ieclois and Cliel Lxeculives. Manageis iesonsiLle loi
specialized functions within a specic geographic area
aie excluded liom llis unil giou. !oi examle, iegional
sales manageis aie classiled in \nil Giou 1221: Sales
and Maileling Manageis. 1oLs wlose iincial ieson-
sibility is to participate as a member of the board of di-
rectors of one or more enterprises or organizations are
included in \nil Giou 1120: Managing Diieclois and
Cliel Lxeculives. Cliel execulives ol goveinmenl-owned
enleiiises aie included in \nil Giou 1120: Managing
Diieclois and Cliel Lxeculives.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup12
Administrative and CommerciaI Managers
Adminislialive and commeicial manageis lan, oiganize, diiecl, conliol and cooidinale lle
lnancial, adminislialive, luman iesouice, olicy, lanning, ieseaicl and develomenl, advei-
lising, uLlic ielalions, and sales and maileling aclivilies ol enleiiises and oiganizalions, oi
ol enleiiises llal iovide sucl seivices lo ollei enleiiises and oiganizalions. Comelenl
eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO
slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: loimulaling and adminis-
leiing olicy advice and slialegic and lnancial lanning; eslaLlisling and diiecling oeialional
and adminislialive ioceduies; imlemenling, moniloiing and evalualing slialegies and ol-
icies; ioviding advice lo senioi manageis; diiecling lle develomenl ol inilialives loi new
ioducls, maileling, uLlic ielalions and adveilising camaigns; deleimining and diiecling
sales aclivilies, ioducl mix and cuslomei seivice slandaids; selling iices and ciedil aiiange-
menls; ensuiing comliance will ielevanl legislalion, iegulalions and slandaids; conliolling
seleclion, liaining and eiloimance ol sla; ieaiing Ludgels and oveiseeing lnancial oei-
alions; consulling will lle cliel execulive and will manageis ol ollei deailmenls oi seclions;
conliolling exendiluie and ensuiing lle emcienl use ol iesouices; ieiesenling lle enleiiise
oi oiganizalion in negolialions, and al convenlions, seminais, uLlic leaiings and loiums.
121 Business 5ervices and Administration Managers
122 5aIes, Marketing and DeveIopment Managers
Note
Secialized qualilcalions and exlensive exeiience ielevanl lo one oi moie occualions classiled in
Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals, oi Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals, aie usually
iequiied. Regional manageis and ollei senioi manageis wlo cooidinale and sueivise lle aclivilies
ol suLoidinale manageis wlo lave a diveise iange ol lunclional iesonsiLililies aie included in \nil
Giou 1120: Managing Diieclois and Cliel Lxeculives.
Mincr0rcup121
Business 5ervices and Administration Managers
Business seivices and adminislialion manageis lan, oiganize, diiecl, conliol and cooidinale
lle lnancial, adminislialive, luman iesouice, olicy and lanning aclivilies ol oiganizalions,
oi ol enleiiises llal iovide sucl seivices lo ollei enleiiises and oiganizalions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: loimulaling and adminisleiing olicy advice and slialegic
and lnancial lanning; eslaLlisling and diiecling oeialional and adminislialive ioceduies;
imlemenling, moniloiing and evalualing slialegies and olicies; ioviding advice lo senioi
manageis and Loaid memLeis on lnancial, adminislialive, slialegic, olicy, iogiamme and
legislalive issues; ensuiing comliance will ielevanl legislalion, iegulalions and slandaids;
conliolling seleclion, liaining and eiloimance ol sla; ieaiing Ludgels and oveiseeing l-
nancial oeialions; consulling will lle cliel execulive and will manageis ol ollei deailmenls
oi seclions; conliolling exendiluie and ensuiing lle emcienl use ol iesouices; ieiesenling
lle oiganizalion in negolialions, and al convenlions, seminais, uLlic leaiings and loiums.
1212 Human Pesource Managers
1213 PoIicyandPIanningManagers
1219 Business 5ervices and Administration Managers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup1211
FinanceManagers
Finance managers plan, direct and coordinate
the nancial operations of an enterprise or or-
ganization, in consultation with senior managers
and with managers of other departments or sec-
lions, oi ol enleiiises llal iovide lnancial sei-
vices lo ollei enleiiises and oiganizalions.
Tasls include
(a) planning, directing and coordinating the -
nancial operations of an enterprise or organ-
izalion;
(b) assessing the nancial situation of the enter-
prise or organization, preparing budgets and
oveiseeing lnancial oeialions;
(c) consulling will lle cliel execulive and will
manageis ol ollei deailmenls oi seclions;
(d) establishing and managing budgets, control-
use ol iesouices;
(e) establishing and directing operational and
adminislialive ioceduies;
(l) lanning and diiecling daily oeialions;
(g) oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and eiloi-
mance ol sla;
(h) representing the enterprise or organization in
dealings with outside bodies.
y Company secretary
y Finance manager
Some related occupations classied elsewhere:
y !inancial inslilulion Liancl managei 1346
y !inancial conliollei 2411
y Managemenl accounlanl 2411
Unit0rcup1212
Human Pesource Managers

Human resource managers plan, direct and co-
ordinate policies concerning the personnel, in-
dustrial relations and occupational health and
salely aclivilies ol an enleiiise oi oiganizalion,
oi ol enleiiises llal iovide luman iesouice
seivices lo ollei enleiiises and oiganizalions.
Tasls include
(a) planning, directing and coordinating the
eisonnel and indusliial ielalions aclivilies,
policies and practices of an enterprise or or-
ganizalion;
(b) planning and organizing procedures for re-
cruitment, training, promotion, transfer and
dismissal ol sla;
(c) planning and organizing negotiations and
procedures for determination of wage
sliucluies and level and loi consullalion will
woileis on condilions ol emloymenl;
(d) oveiseeing salely, lealll and ielaled io-
giammes and aclivilies;
(e) establishing and managing budgets, control-
use ol iesouices;
(f) establishing and directing operational and
(g) oveiseeing lle develomenl and imlemenla-
lion ol managemenl inloimalion syslems;
(h) ensuring compliance with standards and
legislation relating to employees rights,
lealll and salely, equal ooilunily and ie-
laled conceins;
(i) oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and ei-
loimance ol sla loi lle enliie enleiiise oi
oiganizalion;
(j) consulting with senior management and with
manageis ol ollei deailmenls;
(k) representing the enterprise or organization in
dealings with outside bodies.
y Industrial relations manager
y Personnel manager
y Recruitment manager
Unit0rcup1213
PoIicyandPIanningManagers
Policy and planning managers plan, organize,
diiecl and cooidinale olicy advice and slia-
legic lanning aclivilies willin goveinmenl oi
loi non-goveinmenl oiganizalions and iivale
secloi agencies, oi manage lle aclivilies ol en-
leiiises llal iovide olicy and slialegic lan-
ning seivices.
Tasls include
(a) develoing, imlemenling and moniloiing
strategic plans, programmes, policies, pro-
cesses, syslems and ioceduies lo aclieve
goals, oLjeclives and woil slandaids;
(L) develoing, diiecling, adminisleiing and
ailicialing in olicy ieseaicl and analysis;
(c) coordinating the implementation of policies
and iaclices;
(d) eslaLlisling aclivily measuies and measuie-
menls ol accounlaLilily;
(e) lanning and diiecling daily oeialions;
(l) leading and managing lle aclivilies ol olicy
develomenl and slialegic lanning sla;
mance ol sla;
(h) consulting with senior management and with
manageis ol ollei deailmenls;
(i) representing the enterprise or organization in
negolialions, and al convenlions, seminais,
public hearings and forums.
y Corporate planning manager
y Policy manager
y Strategic planning manager
Unit0rcup1219
Business 5ervices and Administration Managers

Not EIsewhere CIassied
Tlis unil giou coveis Lusiness seivices and ad-
ministration managers not classied elsewhere
in Minoi Giou 121: Business Seivices and Ad-
minislialion Manageis. !oi inslance, lle giou
includes occupations such as facilities manager,
cleaning seivices managei and adminislialive
seivices managei emloyed eillei as lle man-
ager of a department of a large enterprise and or-
ganizalion, oi ol an enleiiise llal iovides sucl
seivices lo ollei enleiiises and oiganizalions.
!n sucl cases lasls would include
(a) ioviding adminislialive, slialegic lanning
and oeialional suoil, ieseaicl and advice
to senior management on matters such as the
management of building facilities and ad-
minislialive seivices;
(L) develoing and managing lle oiganizalion`s
adminislialive and lysical iesouices;
(c) develoing and imlemenling adminislialive
and procedural statements and guidelines for
use Ly sla in lle oiganizalion;
(d) analysing comlex iesouice managemenl
issues and inilialives llal aecl lle oigan-
ization, and preparing associated reports,
coiiesondence and suLmissions;
(e) ioviding inloimalion and suoil loi lle
ieaialion ol lnancial ieoils and Ludgels;
(l) leading, managing and develoing adminis-
lialive sla lo ensuie smooll Lusiness o-
eialions and lle iovision ol accuiale and
limely inloimalion;
(g) representing the enterprise or organization in
negolialions, and al convenlions, seminais,
uLlic leaiings and loiums;
(h) establishing and managing budgets, control-
use ol iesouices;
(i) lanning and diiecling daily oeialions;
(j) oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and eiloi-
mance ol sla.
y Adminislialive seivices managei
y Cleaning seivices managei
y Coioiale seivices managei
y Facilities manager
Mincr0rcup122
5aIes, Marketing and DeveIopment Managers
Sales, maileling and develomenl manageis lan, oiganize, diiecl, conliol and cooidinale lle
adveilising, uLlic ielalions, ieseaicl and develomenl, and sales and maileling aclivilies ol
enleiiises and oiganizalions, oi ol enleiiises llal iovide sucl seivices lo ollei enleiiises
and organizations.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: loimulaling and imlemenling olicies and lans loi advei-
lising, uLlic ielalions, ioducl develomenl, sales and maileling in consullalion will ollei
manageis; diiecling lle develomenl ol inilialives loi new ioducls oi scienlilc ieseaicl,
maileling, uLlic ielalions and adveilising camaigns; deleimining and diiecling sales acliv-
ilies, ioducl mix, cuslomei seivice slandaids and meiclandising mellods and disliiLulion
olicy; selling iices and ciedil aiiangemenls; eslaLlisling and managing Ludgels and con-
liolling exendiluie lo ensuie lle emcienl use ol iesouices; oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining
and eiloimance ol sla; ieiesenling lle enleiiise oi oiganizalion al convenlions, liade
exliLilions and ollei loiums.
1221 5aIes and Marketing Managers
1222 Advertising and PubIic PeIations Managers
1223 Pesearch and DeveIopment Managers
Unit0rcup1221
5aIes and Marketing Managers

Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and
cooidinale lle sales and maileling aclivilies ol
an enterprise or organization, or of enterprises
llal iovide sales and maileling seivices lo
other enterprises and organizations.
Tasls include
(a) planning and organizing special sales and
marketing programmes based on sales re-
coids and mailel assessmenls;
(b) determining price lists, discount and de-
liveiy leims, sales iomolion Ludgels, sales
mellods, secial incenlives and camaigns;
(c) establishing and directing operational and
adminislialive ioceduies ielaled lo sales
and maileling aclivilies;
(d) leading and managing lle aclivilies ol sales
and maileling sla;
(e) lanning and diiecling daily oeialions;
(f) establishing and managing budgets and con-
liolling exendiluie lo ensuie lle emcienl
use ol iesouices;
mance ol sla;
(h) representing the enterprise or organization at
sales and maileling convenlions, liade exli-
bitions and other forums.
y Maileling managei
y Sales manager
Unit0rcup1222
Advertising and PubIic PeIations Managers

Adveilising and uLlic ielalions manageis lan,
diiecl and cooidinale lle adveilising, uLlic ie-
lalions and uLlic inloimalion aclivilies ol en-
terprises and organizations or of enterprises that
iovide ielaled seivices lo ollei enleiiises and
organizations.
Tasls include
(a) planning, directing and coordinating the ad-
veilising and uLlic ielalions aclivilies ol an
enleiiise oi oiganizalion;
(L) negolialing adveilising conliacls will clienls
oi will newsaeis, iadio and lelevision sla-
tions, sports and cultural organizations and
adveilising agencies;
(c) planning and managing information pro-
grammes to inform legislators, the mass
media and the general public about the plans,
accomlislmenls and oinls ol view ol lle
enleiiise oi oiganizalion;
(d) leading and managing lle aclivilies ol advei-
lising and uLlic ielalions sla;
(e) establishing and managing budgets and con-
liolling exendiluie and ensuiing lle elli-
cienl use ol iesouices;
(f) establishing and directing operational and
(g) lanning and diiecling daily oeialions;
(l) oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and eiloi-
mance ol sla.
y Adveilising managei
y Public relations manager
Unit0rcup1223
Pesearch and DeveIopment Managers

Reseaicl and develomenl manageis lan, diiecl
and cooidinale lle ieseaicl and develomenl
aclivilies ol an enleiiise oi oiganizalion oi ol
enleiiises llal iovide ielaled seivices lo ollei
enterprises and organizations.
Tasls include
(a) planning, directing and coordinating re-
seaicl and develomenl aclivilies, in-louse
oi commissioned liom exleinal ieseaicl
oiganizalions, lo develo new oi imioved
technical processes, products, knowledge, or
ulilizalion ol maleiials;
(L) lanning lle oveiall ieseaicl and develo-
ment programme of an enterprise or or-
ganization, specifying goals and budgetary
iequiiemenls;
(c) leading and managing lle aclivilies ol ie-
seaicl and develomenl sla;
(d) establishing and managing budgets, control-
use ol iesouices;
(e) establishing and directing operational and
mance ol sla;
(h) representing the enterprise or organization at
convenlions, seminais and conleiences.
y Pioducl develomenl managei
y Research manager
Sub-ma|cr0rcup13
Production and 5peciaIized 5ervices Managers
Pioduclion and secialized seivices manageis lan, diiecl and cooidinale lle ioduclion ol
lle goods and lle iovision ol lle secialized iolessional and leclnical seivices iovided Ly
an enterprise or organization, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager
ol an enleiiise oi oiganizalion llal does nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis. Tley aie ieson-
sible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics and information and communications
technology operations for large-scale agricultural, forestry and sheries operations, and for
lle iovision ol lealll, educalion, social wellaie, Lanling, insuiance and ollei iolessional
and leclnical seivices. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou
iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: lanning delails ol
aclivilies in leims ol oulul, seivices iovided, qualily, quanlily, cosl, limeliness and laLoui
iequiiemenls; selling slandaids and oLjeclives; conliolling lle oeialion ol lanl and ol io-
ceduies; assuiing qualily ol lle goods ioduced and seivices iovided; ieaiing lendeis and
conliacl Lids; eslaLlisling and managing Ludgels, moniloiing cosls, and adjusling aclivilies,
ioceduies and iesouices lo minimize cosls; oveiseeing lle acquisilion and inslallalion ol
new lanl and equimenl; cooidinaling lle imlemenlalion ol lealll and salely iequiiemenls;
lanning and diiecling daily oeialions; oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and eiloimance
ol sla; ieaiing, oi aiianging loi lle ieaialion ol, ieoils, Ludgels and loiecasls; ieie-
senling lle enleiiise oi oiganizalion in negolialions will ollei agencies, and al convenlions,
seminars, public hearings and forums.
131 ProductionManagersinAgricuIture,ForestryandFisheries
132 Manufacturing, Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers
133 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy 5ervices Managers
134ProfessionaI5ervicesManagers
Note
Secialized qualilcalions and exlensive exeiience ielevanl lo one oi moie occualions classiled in
Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals, oi Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals, aie usually
iequiied. Regional manageis and ollei senioi manageis wlo cooidinale and sueivise lle aclivilies
ol suLoidinale manageis wlo lave a diveise iange ol lunclional iesonsiLililies aie included in \nil
Giou 1120: Managing Diieclois and Cliel Lxeculives.
Mincr0rcup131
ProductionManagersinAgricuIture,ForestryandFisheries
Production managers in agriculture, forestry and sheries plan, direct and coordinate produc-
lion in laige-scale agiiculluial, loiliculluial, loiesliy aquaculluie and lsleiy oeialions sucl as
lanlalions, laige iancles, colleclive laims and cooeialives, lo giow and laivesl cios, Lieed
and iaise liveslocl, lsl and slelllsl and lo calcl and laivesl lsl and ollei loims ol aqualic lile.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: moniloiing mailel aclivily and lanning ioduclion lo meel
conliacl iequiiemenls and mailel demand; eslaLlisling and managing Ludgels, moniloiing
production output and costs, recording information such as farm and sheries management
iaclices, and ieaiing lnancial and oeialional ieoils; conleiiing will Luyeis lo aiiange
loi lle sale ol cios, calcl and slocl; conliacling will laimeis, slieis oi indeendenl
owneis loi ioduclion ol ioduce and managemenl ol ioduclion; lanning lle lye, inlensily
and sequence ol oeialions; uiclasing maclineiy, equimenl and sulies; idenlilying and
conliolling enviionmenlal loxins, weeds, esls and diseases; oiganizing oeialions sucl as
mainlaining Luildings, walei suly syslems and equimenl; oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining
and performance of workers and contractors.
1311 AgricuIturaIandForestryProductionManagers
1312 AquacuIture and Fisheries Production Managers
Unit0rcup1311
AgricuIturaIandForestryProductionManagers
Agiiculluial and loiesliy ioduclion manageis
plan, direct and coordinate production in large-
scale agricultural, horticultural and forestry
operations such as plantations, large ranches,
colleclive laims and agiiculluial cooeialives
lo giow and laivesl cios, and Lieed and iaise
liveslocl.
Tasls include
(a) monitoring agricultural and forestry market
aclivily and lanning ioduclion lo meel
conliacl iequiiemenls and mailel demand;
(b) establishing and managing budgets, moni-
toring production output and costs, recording
information such as farm management prac-
tices, and preparing nancial and operational
ieoils;
(c) conferring with buyers to arrange for the sale
ol cios and liveslocl;
(d) contracting with farmers or independent
owneis loi ioduclion ol cios and liveslocl,
oi loi managemenl ol ioduclion;
(e) lanning lle lye, inlensily and sequence ol
farm operations (e.g. determining the best
limes loi lanling, siaying and laivesling);
(l) analysing soil lo deleimine lyes and quanli-
lies ol leililizei iequiied loi maximum io-
duclion;
(g) uiclasing maclineiy, equimenl and su-
plies such as tractors, seed, fertilizer and
clemicals;
(h) identifying and controlling agricultural and
loiesl enviionmenlal loxins, weeds, esls
and diseases;
(i) organizing farming operations such as main-
taining buildings, water supply systems and
equimenl;
(j) diiecling and cooidinaling aclivilies sucl as
planting, irrigation, chemical application,
laivesling and giading;
(k) inspecting plantations and fields to deter-
mine maturity dates of crops, or to estimate
olenlial cio damage liom weallei;
mance of agricultural and forestry workers
and contractors.
y Forestry manager
y Plantation manager
y Ranch manager
Unit0rcup1312
AquacuIture and Fisheries Production Managers

Aquaculluie and lsleiies ioduclion manageis
plan, direct and coordinate production in large-
scale aquaculluie and lsleiy oeialions lo calcl
and laivesl lsl and slelllsl, and lo giow lsl,
slelllsl oi ollei loims ol aqualic lile as casl
crops or for release into freshwater or saltwater.
Tasls include
(a) moniloiing aquaculluie and lsleiy mailel
aclivily and lanning ioduclion and lsling
aclivilies lo meel conliacl iequiiemenls and
mailel demand;
(b) establishing and managing budgets, moni-
toring production output and costs, recording
information such as sheries management
practices, and preparing nancial and oper-
alional ieoils;
(c) conferring with buyers to arrange for the sale
ol ioduce and calcles;
(d) contracting with shing skippers or owners
ol vessels and aquaculluie laims loi lsling
and aquaculluie oeialions, oi loi manage-
menl ol ioduclion;
(e) conducling and oiganizing aquaculluie oi
lsleiy slocl examinalions in oidei lo iden-
lily diseases oi aiasiles;
(l) devising and cooidinaling aclivilies lo im-
iove lsl lalcling and giowll iales, and lo
ievenl disease in lalcleiies;
(g) moniloiing enviionmenls lo mainlain oi im-
iove condilions loi aqualic lile;
(h) directing and monitoring trapping and
spawning of fish, egg incubation and fry
rearing, applying knowledge of management
and lsl culluiing leclniques;
(i) coordinating the selection and maintenance
ol Liood slocl;
(j) directing and monitoring the transfer of
mature sh to lakes, ponds, streams or com-
meicial lanls;
(l) uiclasing maclineiy, equimenl and su-
lies sucl as vessels and nels;
(l) organizing operations such as maintenance
ol slis, Loals and equimenl;
(m) oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and eiloi-
mance ol aquaculluie oi lsleiy woileis and
contractors.
y Aquaculluie ioduclion managei
y Fishing operations manager
y Shore captain (shing)
y Tiawlei managei
y !isl laimei 6221
y !isl lalcleiy managei 6221
y Oyslei laimei 6221
y Sealood laimei 6221
y !isling vessel sliei (coaslal waleis) 6222
y !isling maslei (dee sea) 6223
Mincr0rcup132
Manufacturing, Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers
Manulacluiing, mining, consliuclion and disliiLulion manageis lan, oiganize and cooid-
inale lle manulacluiing, mineial exliaclion, consliuclion, suly, sloiage and liansoilalion
operations, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise
oi oiganizalion llal does nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lanning delails ol aclivilies in leims ol oulul qualily and
quanlily, cosl, limeliness and laLoui iequiiemenls; conliolling lle oeialion ol lanl and
qualily ioceduies lliougl lanning ol mainlenance, designalion ol oeialing louis and
suly ol equimenl; ieaiing lendeis and conliacl Lids; eslaLlisling and managing Ludgels,
monitoring production output and costs, and adjusting processes and resources to minimize
cosls; oveiseeing lle acquisilion and inslallalion ol new lanl and equimenl; conliolling lle
ieaialion ol ioduclion iecoids and ieoils; cooidinaling lle imlemenlalion ol lealll
and salely iequiiemenls; lanning and diiecling daily oeialions; oveiseeing lle seleclion,
liaining and eiloimance ol sla.
1321ManufacturingManagers
1322MiningManagers
1323ConstructionManagers
1324 5uppIy, Distribution and PeIated Managers
Unit0rcup1321
ManufacturingManagers
Manulacluiing manageis lan, diiecl and co-
oidinale aclivilies conceined will lle ioduc-
tion of goods, the production and distribution
of electricity, gas and water, and the collection,
liealmenl and disosal ol wasle. Tley may
manage the production departments of large en-
terprises or be the managers of small manufac-
turing companies.
Tasls include
(a) determining, implementing and monitoring
ioduclion slialegies, olicies and lans;
(L) lanning delails ol ioduclion aclivilies in
leims ol oulul qualily and quanlily, cosl,
lime availaLle and laLoui iequiiemenls;
(c) controlling the operation of production plant
and qualily ioceduies lliougl lanning ol
maintenance, designation of operating hours
and suly ol ails and lools;
(d) establishing and managing budgets, moni-
toring production output and costs, and ad-
justing processes and resources to minimize
cosls;
(e) consulting with and informing other man-
ageis aLoul ioduclion malleis;
(l) oveiseeing lle acquisilion and inslallalion ol
new lanl and equimenl;
(g) controlling the preparation of production re-
coids and ieoils;
(h) coordinating the implementation of occupa-
lional lealll and salely iequiiemenls;
(i) identifying business opportunities and deter-
mining ioducls lo Le manulacluied;
(j) researching and implementing regulatory
and slaluloiy iequiiemenls aecling manu-
lacluiing oeialions and lle enviionmenl;
(l) oveiseeing lle iovision ol quolalions loi
the manufacture of specialized goods and
establishing contracts with customers and
sulieis;
mance ol sla.
y Manulacluiei
y Manulacluiing managei
y Production and operations manager
(manufacturing)
y Pioduclion sueivisoi (manulacluiing)
3122
Unit0rcup1322
MiningManagers
Mining manageis lan, diiecl and cooidinale lle
ioduclion aclivilies ol mining, quaiiying and
oil and gas exliaclion oeialions, eillei as lle
manager of a department or as the general man-
ager of an enterprise or organization that does
nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis.
Tasls include
(a) conferring with other managers to set pro-
duclion quolas, lan exliaclion siles and
develo olicies loi lle iemoval ol iaw ma-
leiials;
(L) evalualing emciency ol ioduclion siles lo
deleimine adequacy ol eisonnel, equimenl
and technologies used, and make changes
lo woil scledules oi equimenl wlen ne-
cessaiy;
(c) lanning delails ol ioduclion aclivilies in
leims ol oulul qualily and quanlily, cosl,
lime availaLle and laLoui iequiiemenls;
(d) conliolling lle oeialion ol lanl and qualily
procedures through planning of main-
tenance, designation of operating hours and
suly ol equimenl;
(e) establishing and managing budgets, moni-
toring production output and costs, and ad-
justing processes and resources to minimize
cosls;
(l) oveiseeing lle acquisilion and inslallalion ol
new lanl and equimenl;
(g) controlling the preparation of production re-
coids and ieoils;
(h) coordinating the implementation of health
and salely iequiiemenls;
(i) researching and implementing regulatory
and slaluloiy iequiiemenls aecling mineial
exliaclion oeialions and lle enviionmenl;
mance ol sla.
y Mine managei
y Production manager (mine)
y Production manager (oil and gas
exliaclion)
y Pioduclion managei (quaiiy)
y Quarry manager
y Mine deuly 3121
y Mine sueivisoi 3121
y Mine undei-managei 3121
y Quaiiy sueivisoi 3121
Unit0rcup1323
ConstructionManagers
Construction managers plan, direct and co-
oidinale lle consliuclion ol civil engineeiing
projects, buildings and dwellings, either as the
manager of a department or as the general man-
ager of an enterprise or organization that does
nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis.
Tasls include
(a) interpreting architectural drawings and spec-
ilcalions;
(b) coordinating labour resources and procure-
menl and deliveiy ol maleiials, lanl and
equimenl;
(c) negotiating with building owners, property
develoeis and suLconliaclois involved in
the construction process to ensure projects
aie comleled on lime and willin Ludgel;
(d) ieaiing lendeis and conliacl Lids;
(e) operating and implementing coordinated
woil iogiammes loi siles;
(f) ensuring adherence to building legislation
and slandaids ol eiloimance, qualily, cosl
and salely;
(g) arranging submission of plans to local au-
lloiilies;
(h) building under contract, or subcontracting
secialized Luilding seivices;
(i) aiianging Luilding inseclions Ly ielevanl
aulloiilies;
(j) establishing and managing budgets, control-
use ol iesouices;
mance ol sla and suLconliaclois.
y Civil engineeiing iojecl managei
y Construction project manager
y Project builder
y Building consliuclion sueivisoi 3123
y House Luildei 7111
Unit0rcup1324
5uppIy, Distribution and PeIated Managers

Supply, distribution and related managers plan,
direct and coordinate passenger transportation
systems and facilities and the supply, transporta-
tion, storage and distribution of goods, either as
the manager of a department or as the general
manager of an enterprise or organization that
does nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis.
Tasls include
(a) determining, implementing and monitoring
purchasing, storage and distribution strat-
egies, olicies and lans;
(b) preparing and implementing plans to main-
lain iequiied slocl levels al minimum cosl;
(c) negotiating contracts with suppliers to meet
qualily, cosl and deliveiy iequiiemenls;
(d) moniloiing and ieviewing sloiage and inven-
loiy syslems lo meel suly iequiiemenls,
and conliol slocl levels;
(e) oveiseeing lle disalcl ol ioad velicles,
liains, vessels oi aiiciall;
(f) operating recording systems to track all
movemenls ol goods, and ensuiing ieoi-
deiing and ieslocling al olimal limes;
(g) liaising with other departments and customers
conceining iequiiemenls loi oulwaid goods
and associaled loiwaiding liansoilalion;
(l) oveiseeing lle iecoiding ol uiclase, sloiage
and disliiLulion liansaclions;
(i) establishing and managing budgets, control-
use ol iesouices;
(j) establishing and directing operational and
mance ol sla.
y Bus station manager
y Logistics manager
y Purchasing manager
y Railway station manager
y Railway station master
y Supply and distribution manager
y Supply chain manager
y Tiansoil comany managei
y Urban transit system manager
y Warehouse manager
Note
Cliel execulives ol majoi aiioils, iailway comanies,
urban transit systems and other transportation corpor-
alions llal lave lieiaiclies ol manageis aie included in
\nil Giou 1120: Managing Diieclois and Cliel Lxecu-
lives.
Mincr0rcup133
!nformation and Communications TechnoIogy 5ervices Managers
!nloimalion and communicalions leclnology seivices manageis lan, diiecl and cooidinale
lle acquisilion, develomenl, mainlenance and use ol comulei and lelecommunicalion sys-
tems, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or
oiganizalion llal does nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: consulling will useis, managemenl, vendois and leclnicians
lo assess comuling needs and syslem iequiiemenls, and secilying leclnology lo meel llose
needs; loimulaling and diiecling inloimalion and communicalion leclnology (!CT) slialegies,
olicies and lans; diiecling lle seleclion and inslallalion ol !CT iesouices and lle iovision ol
usei liaining; diiecling !CT oeialions, analysing woilow, eslaLlisling iioiilies, develoing
slandaids and selling deadlines; oveiseeing lle secuiily ol !CT syslems; assigning, ieviewing,
managing and leading the work of systems analysts, programmers and other computer-related
woileis; evalualing lle oiganizalion`s leclnology use and needs and iecommending imiove-
menls sucl as laidwaie and sollwaie ugiades; eslaLlisling and managing Ludgels, conliolling
exendiluie and ensuiing lle emcienl use ol iesouices; eslaLlisling and diiecling oeialional
and adminislialive ioceduies; oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and eiloimance ol sla; ie-
iesenling lle enleiiise oi oiganizalion al !CT-ielaled convenlions, seminais and conleiences.
1330 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy 5ervices Managers
Unit0rcup1330
!nformation and Communications TechnoIogy

5ervicesManagers
Information and communications technology
seivices manageis lan, diiecl and cooidinale
lle acquisilion, develomenl, mainlenance and
use of computer and telecommunication systems,
either as the manager of a department or as the
general manager of an enterprise or organization
llal does nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis.
Tasls include
(a) consulling will useis, managemenl, vendois
and technicians to assess computing needs
and syslem iequiiemenls, and secilying
leclnology lo meel llose needs;
(b) formulating and directing information and
communicalion leclnology (!CT) slialegies,
olicies and lans;
(c) diiecling lle seleclion and inslallalion ol !CT
iesouices and lle iovision ol usei liaining;
(d) diiecling !CT oeialions, analysing woil-
l low, eslaLlisling iioiilies, develoing
slandaids and selling deadlines;
(e) oveiseeing lle secuiily ol !CT syslems;
(l) assigning, ieviewing, managing and leading
the work of systems analysts, programmers
and ollei comulei-ielaled woileis;
(g) evalualing lle oiganizalion`s leclnology use
and needs and iecommending imiovemenls
sucl as laidwaie and sollwaie ugiades;
use ol iesouices;
(i) establishing and directing operational and
mance ol sla;
(k) representing the enterprise or organization at
!CT-ielaled convenlions, seminais and con-
ferences.
y Alicalion develomenl managei
y Chief information ofcer
y Dala oeialions managei
y Dala iocessing managei
y !CT develomenl managei
y Information systems director
y Information technology manager
(!Tmanagei)
y !nleinel seivice iovidei
y Network manager
Mincr0rcup134
ProfessionaI5ervicesManagers
Piolessional seivices manageis lan, diiecl and cooidinale lle iovision ol clild caie, lealll,
wellaie, educalion and ollei iolessional seivices, and manage lle Liancles ol inslilulions
ioviding lnancial and insuiance seivices.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: loimulaling olicies and lans loi lle iovision ol sei-
vices and oeialion ol eslaLlislmenls; selling slandaids and oLjeclives; develoing and im-
lemenling iogiammes and seivices lo meel lle needs ol clienls; diiecling and cooidinaling
lle allocalion ol iesouices; liaising will aienls, Loaids, lunding Lodies, lle communily ie-
iesenlalives and ielaled agencies lo discuss aieas ol cooeialion and cooidinalion; moniloiing
and conliolling exendiluie; oveiseeing lle seleclion, develomenl and eiloimance ol sla;
ieaiing, oi aiianging loi lle ieaialion ol, ieoils, Ludgels and loiecasls; ieiesenling
lle oiganizalion in negolialions will ollei agencies, and al convenlions, seminais, uLlic
hearings and forums.
1341ChiIdCare5ervicesManagers
1342HeaIth5ervicesManagers
1343AgedCare5ervicesManagers
13445ociaIWeIfareManagers
1345EducationManagers
1346FinanciaIand!nsurance5ervicesBranchManagers
1349 ProfessionaI 5ervices Managers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Note
Piolessional seivices manageis aie iesonsiLle loi lanning, diiecling and cooidinaling lle iovision
ol secialized iolessional and leclnical seivices. Secialized qualilcalions and exlensive exeiience
ielevanl lo one oi moie occualions classiled in Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals, oi Majoi Giou 3:
Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals, aie usually iequiied.
Unit0rcup1341
ChiIdCare5ervicesManagers
Clild caie seivices manageis lan, diiecl, co-
oidinale and evaluale lle iovision ol caie loi
clildien in Leloie-sclool, allei-sclool, vacalion
and day caie cenlies and seivices.
Tasls include
(a) develoing and imlemenling iogiammes lo
enhance the physical, social, emotional and
inlelleclual develomenl ol young clildien;
(b) establishing and monitoring budgets and de-
leimining allocalion ol lunds loi sla, su-
lies, maleiials, equimenl and mainlenance;
(c) oveiseeing and cooidinaling lle iovision
of care for children in before-school, after-
sclool, day and vacalion caie cenlies;
(d) diiecling and sueivising clild caieis in io-
viding caie and sueivision loi young clil-
dien;
(e) managing physical facilities and making sure
all Luildings and equimenl aie mainlained
to ensure the centre is a safe area for chil-
dien, sla and visilois;
(l) ieviewing and inleiieling goveinmenl
codes, and develoing ioceduies lo meel
codes (e.g. conceining salely and secuiily);
(g) monitoring childrens progress and confer-
iing will aienls oi guaidians;
(h) preparing and maintaining records and ac-
counls loi a clild caie cenlie;
(i) ieciuiling and evalualing sla and cooidi-
naling lleii iolessional develomenl.
Example of the occupations classied here:
y Child care centre manager
Unit0rcup1342
HeaIth5ervicesManagers
Healll seivices manageis lan, diiecl, cooidinale
and evaluale lle iovision ol clinical and com-
munily lealll caie seivices in losilals, clinics,
public health agencies and similar organizations.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding oveiall diieclion and manage-
menl loi lle seivice, lacilily, oiganizalion oi
cenlie;
(L) diiecling, sueivising and evalualing lle
woil aclivilies ol medical, nuising, leclnical,
cleiical, seivice, mainlenance and ollei ei-
sonnel;
(c) eslaLlisling oLjeclives and evalualive oi
oeialional ciileiia loi unils lley manage;
(d) directing or conducting recruitment, hiring
and liaining ol eisonnel;
(e) develoing, imlemenling and moniloiing
procedures, policies and performance stand-
ards for medical, nursing, technical and ad-
minislialive sla;
(l) moniloiing lle use ol diagnoslic seivices,
inalienl Leds, lacililies and sla lo ensuie
eeclive use ol iesouices, and assess lle need
loi addilional sla, equimenl and seivices;
(g) conliolling adminislialive oeialions sucl
as budget planning, report preparation, and
exendiluie on sulies, equimenl and sei-
vices;
(l) liaising will ollei lealll and wellaie seivice
iovideis, Loaids and lunding Lodies lo co-
oidinale lle iovision ol seivices;
(i) advising goveinmenl Lodies aLoul measuies
lo imiove lealll and wellaie seivices and
lacililies;
(j) representing the organization in negotiations,
ings and forums.
y Chief public health ofcer
y Clinical director
y Community health care coordinator
y Diiecloi ol nuising
y Health facility administrator
y Hospital matron
y Medical adminislialoi
y Aged caie seivices managei 1343
Unit0rcup1343
AgedCare5ervicesManagers
Aged caie seivices manageis lan, diiecl, cooid-
inale and evaluale lle iovision ol iesidenlial
and eisonal caie seivices loi individuals and
lamilies wlo aie in need ol sucl seivices due lo
lle eecls ol ageing.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding oveiall diieclion and managemenl
loi a seivice, lacilily, oiganizalion oi cenlie;
(L) diiecling, sueivising and evalualing lle woil
aclivilies ol medical, nuising, leclnical, clei-
ical, seivice, mainlenance and ollei eisonnel;
(c) eslaLlisling oLjeclives and evalualive oi
oeialional ciileiia loi unils lley manage;
(d) directing or conducting recruitment, hiring
and liaining ol eisonnel;
procedures, policies and performance stand-
ards for nursing, personal care, technical and
adminislialive sla;
(f) coordinating and administering welfare pro-
giammes and caie seivices loi lle eldeily;
(g) conliolling adminislialive oeialions sucl as
Ludgel lanning, ieoil ieaialion, and ex-
endiluie on sulies, equimenl and seivices;
(h) liaising with other health and welfare pro-
videis, Loaids and lunding Lodies lo cooid-
inale lle iovision ol seivices;
(i) advising goveinmenl Lodies aLoul measuies
lo imiove lealll and wellaie seivices and
lacililies;
(j) representing the organization in negotiations,
ings and forums.
Examples of occupations classied here:
y Aged caie lome diiecloi
y Community aged care coordinator
y Nursing home director
y Reliiemenl village cooidinaloi
y Healll seivices managei 1342
Unit0rcup1344
5ociaIWeIfareManagers
Social welfare managers plan, direct and coord-
inale lle iovision ol social and communily sei-
vice iogiammes sucl as income suoil, lamily
assislance, clildien`s seivices and ollei commu-
nily iogiammes and seivices.
Tasls include
(L) develoing, imlemenling and moniloiing
ioceduies, olicies and slandaids loi sla;
(c) moniloiing and evalualing iesouices devoled
lo lle iovision ol wellaie, lousing and ollei
social seivices;
(d) conliolling adminislialive oeialions sucl as
(e) liaising with other welfare and health ser-
vices iovideis, Loaids and lunding Lodies
lo discuss aieas ol lealll and wellaie seivice
cooeialion and cooidinalion;
(l) advising goveinmenl Lodies aLoul measuies
lo imiove wellaie seivices and lacililies;
(g) representing the organization in negotiations,
ings and loiums;
use ol iesouices;
(i) establishing and directing operational and
mance ol sla.
y Community centre manager
y !amily seivices managei
y Housing seivices managei
y Welfare centre manager
Unit0rcup1345
EducationManagers
Education managers plan, direct, coordinate and
evaluale lle educalional and adminislialive as-
ecls ol educalion seivices, iimaiy and secondaiy
schools, colleges and faculties and departments in
univeisilies and ollei educalional inslilulions.
Tasls include
(a) determining educational programmes based
on frameworks established by education au-
lloiilies and goveining Lodies;
(b) implementing systems and procedures to
monitor school performance and student en-
iolmenls;
(c) diiecling adminislialive and cleiical acliv-
ities concerning student admissions and edu-
calional seivices;
(d) conliolling adminislialive oeialions sucl as
(e) ioviding leadeisli and guidance lo
leacling, academic and adminislialive sla
as well as lo sludenls;
(l) evalualing lle woil ol leacleis and lecluieis
Ly visiling classiooms, oLseiving leacling
mellods, ieviewing insliuclional oLjeclives
and examining leaining maleiials;
(g) promoting the educational programme, and
ieiesenling lle seivice oi inslilulion in lle
widei communily;
(l) sueivising lle mainlenance ol educalional
lacililies;
(i) develoing and enloicing a discilinaiy code
lo cieale a sale and conducive enviionmenl
loi sludenls and leacleis;
(j) organizing and implementing methods of
raising additional funds in conjunction with
aienl and communily gious and sonsois;
(l) conliolling seleclion, liaining and sueivi-
sion ol sla.
y College director
y Dean (univeisily)
y Head teacher
y School principal
Unit0rcup1346
FinanciaIand!nsurance5ervicesBranch
Managers
!inancial and insuiance seivices Liancl man-
agers plan, direct and coordinate the branches of
inslilulions llal iovide lnancial and insuiance
seivices, sucl as Lanls, Luilding socielies, ciedil
unions and insuiance comanies. Tley iovide
advice and assislance lo clienls on lnancial and
insurance matters.
Tasls include
(a) planning, directing and coordinating the ac-
livilies ol sla in lle Liancl;
(b) establishing and maintaining relationships
will individual and Lusiness cuslomeis;
(c) ioviding advice and assislance lo cuslomeis
on their nancial and insurance needs and
on matters such as changes in law that may
aecl cuslomeis;
(d) examining, evalualing and iocessing loan
and insuiance alicalions;
(e) moniloiing ciedil exlension decisions;
(l) conducling lnancial invesligalions;
(g) oveiseeing lle ow ol casl and lnancial in-
struments, and the preparation of nancial
and iegulaloiy ieoils;
(l) aioving oi iejecling, oi cooidinaling lle
aioval oi iejeclion ol, lines ol ciedil loi
commeicial, ieal eslale and eisonal loans;
(i) coordi nati ng cooperation with other
Liancles ol lle comany;
(j) managing Ludgels, conliolling exendiluie
and ensuiing lle emcienl use ol iesouices;
mance ol sla.
y Bank manager
y Building society manager
y Credit union manager
y Financial institution branch manager
y Insurance agency manager
y !inance managei 1211
y Ciedil and loans omceis 3312
y !nsuiance agenl 3321
Unit0rcup1349
ProfessionaI5ervicesManagers
Tlis unil giou coveis manageis wlo lan,
diiecl, cooidinale and evaluale lle iovision ol
secialized iolessional and leclnical seivices
and aie nol classiled in Minoi Giou 121: Busi-
ness Seivices and Adminislialion Manageis, oi
elsewleie in Minoi Giou 134: Piolessional Sei-
vices Manageis. !oi inslance, manageis ieson-
siLle loi lle iovision ol olicing, coiieclional,
liLiaiy, legal and lie seivices aie classiled leie.
(L) develoing, imlemenling and moniloiing
ioceduies, olicies and slandaids loi sla;
(c) diiecling, sueivising and evalualing lle
woil aclivilies ol iolessional, leclnical,
cleiical, seivice, mainlenance and ollei ei-
sonnel;
(d) moniloiing and evalualing iesouices devoled
lo lle iovision ol seivices;
(e) conliolling adminislialive oeialions sucl
as budget planning, report preparation, and
exendiluie on sulies, equimenl and sei-
vices;
(f) planning, directing and coordinating the
iovision ol seivices;
(g) cooidinaling cooeialion will ollei seivice
iovision agencies in lle same oi ielaled
lelds;
(l) managing Ludgels, conliolling exendiluie
and ensuiing lle emcienl use ol iesouices;
(i) oveiseeing lle seleclion, liaining and eiloi-
mance ol sla.
y Aiclives managei
y Ail galleiy managei
y Coiieclional seivices managei
y Iegal seivice managei
y Library manager
y Museum managei
y Police superintendent
y Piison goveinoi
Note
Piolessional seivices manageis aie iesonsiLle loi lan-
ning, diiecling and cooidinaling lle iovision ol se-
cialized iolessional and leclnical seivices. Secialized
qualilcalions and exlensive exeiience ielevanl lo one
oi moie occualions classiled in Majoi Giou 2: Pioles-
sionals, oi Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale
Piolessionals, aie usually iequiied.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup14
HospitaIity, PetaiI and Dther 5ervices Managers
Hosilalily, ielail and ollei seivices manageis lan, oiganize and diiecl lle oeialions ol
eslaLlislmenls wlicl iovide accommodalion, losilalily, ielail and ollei seivices. Com-
elenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle lliid
!SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: lanning and oigan-
izing secial lunclions, soiling, gaming and enleilainmenl aclivilies and lle iange and mix
ol ioducls, slocl levels and seivice slandaids; iomoling and selling goods and seivices;
oLseiving liquoi, gaming, lealll and ollei laws and iegulalions; develoing and ieviewing
olicies, iogiammes and ioceduies conceining cuslomei ielalions and goods and seivices
iovided; iomoling lacililies loi conleiences, convenlions and liade slows lo olenlial cus-
lomeis; oiganizing lle uiclase and mainlenance ol liansoil velicles, equimenl and luel,
and liansoiling goods; conliolling lle seleclion, liaining and sueivision ol sla; ensuiing
compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.
141 HoteIandPestaurantManagers
142PetaiIandWhoIesaIeTradeManagers
143Dther5ervicesManagers
Notes
SuL-majoi Giou 14: Hosilalily, Relail and Ollei Seivices Manageis is loi manageis ol eslaLlisl-
menls llal iovide seivices diieclly lo lle uLlic, usually in oiganizalions llal aie loo small lo lave
lieiaiclies ol manageis. Manageis iesonsiLle loi lanning, diiecling and cooidinaling lle iovision
ol secialized iolessional and leclnical seivices llal usually iequiie secialized qualilcalions aie
classiled in vaiious unil gious in SuL-majoi Gious 12: Adminislialive and Commeicial Manageis
and 13: Pioduclion and Secialized Seivices Manageis.
Operators of small shops, guest houses, cafs, restaurants and bars for whom the management and
sueivision ol sla is nol a signilcanl comonenl ol lle woil aie classiled in lle ielevanl unil giou
in SuL-majoi Gious 51: Peisonal Seivices Woileis oi 52: Sales Woileis, deending on lle main lasls
performed.
Mincr0rcup141
HoteIandPestaurantManagers
Hotel and restaurant managers plan, organize and direct the operations of establishments that
iovide accommodalion, meals, Leveiages and ollei losilalily seivices.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lanning and oiganizing secial lunclions and soiling,
gaming and enleilainmenl aclivilies; diiecling and oveiseeing ieseivalion, iecelion, ioom
seivice and louseleeing aclivilies; oLseiving liquoi, gaming, lealll and ollei laws and iegu-
lalions; moniloiing qualily al all slages ol ieaialion and iesenlalion ol lood and seivices;
conliolling lle seleclion, liaining and sueivision ol sla; ensuiing comliance will occua-
tional health and safety regulations.
1411 HoteIManagers
1412 PestaurantManagers
Unit0rcup1411
HoteIManagers
Hotel managers plan, organize and direct the
operations of hotels, motels and similar estab-
lislmenls lo iovide guesl accommodalion and
ollei seivices.
Tasls include
(a) diiecling and oveiseeing ieseivalion, iece-
lion, ioom seivice and louseleeing acliv-
ilies;
(L) sueivising secuiily aiiangemenls and
gaiden and ioeily mainlenance;
(c) lanning and sueivising Lai, ieslauianl,
lunclion and conleience aclivilies;
(d) oLseiving liquoi, gaming and ollei laws and
iegulalions;
(e) assessing and ieviewing cuslomei salislaclion;
(l) oveiseeing accounling and uiclasing acliv-
ilies;
(g) undeilaling Ludgeling loi lle eslaLlislmenl;
sion ol sla;
(i) ensuring compliance with occupational
lealll and salely iegulalions;
(j) ioviding guesls will local louiism inloima-
tion, and arranging tours and transportation.
y Hotel manager
y Molel managei
y Youth hostel manager
y Bed and Lieallasl oeialoi 5152
Notes
Operators of small establishments, such as some bed and
breakfast establishments and small guest houses that
iovide accommodalion and limiled meal seivices lo
clienls eeclively as aying guesls in iivale louselolds,
and loi wlom lle managemenl and sueivision ol sla
is not a signicant component of the work, are classied
in \nil Giou 5152: Domeslic Houseleeeis.
Cliel execulive omceis and secialized manageis ol
hotel management companies or hotel chains are classied
in lle ielevanl unil giou in SuL-majoi Gious 11 and 12.
Unit0rcup1412
PestaurantManagers
Restaurant managers plan, organize and direct
the operations of cafs, restaurants and related
eslaLlislmenls lo iovide dining and caleiing
seivices.
Tasls include
(a) planning menus in consultation with chefs
and cools;
(L) lanning and oiganizing secial lunclions;
(c) arranging the purchasing and pricing of
goods accoiding lo Ludgel;
(d) mainlaining iecoids ol slocl levels and l-
nancial liansaclions;
(e) ensuring that dining, kitchen and food
storage facilities comply with health regula-
tions and are clean, functional and of suit-
aLle aeaiance;
(f) conferring with customers to assess their sat-
islaclion will meals and seivice;
(g) selecling sla, selling sla woil scledules,
and liaining and sueivising wailing and
lilclen sla;
(l) laling ieseivalions, gieeling guesls and as-
sisling in laling oideis;
(i) negotiating arrangements with clients and
sulieis;
(j) ensuring compliance with occupational
health and safety regulations.
y Caf manager
y Catering manager
y Restaurant manager
y Clel 3434
Note
Operators of small cafs, restaurants and bars for whom
lle managemenl and sueivision ol sla is nol a sig-
nicant component of the work are classied in Unit
Gious 5120: Cools, 5131: Waileis oi 5132: Bailendeis,
depending on the main tasks performed.
Mincr0rcup142
PetaiIandWhoIesaIeTradeManagers
Retail and wholesale trade managers plan, organize, coordinate and control the operations
ol eslaLlislmenls llal sell goods on a ielail oi wlolesale Lasis. Tley aie iesonsiLle loi lle
budgets, stafng and strategic and operational direction of shops, or of organizational units
within shops that sell particular types of product.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: deleimining ioducl mix, slocl levels and seivice sland-
aids; loimulaling and imlemenling uiclasing and maileling olicies, and selling iices;
iomoling and adveilising lle eslaLlislmenl`s goods and seivices; mainlaining iecoids ol
slocl levels and lnancial liansaclions; undeilaling Ludgeling loi lle eslaLlislmenl; conliol-
ling seleclion, liaining and sueivision ol sla; ensuiing comliance will occualional lealll
and safety regulations.
1420PetaiIandWhoIesaIeTradeManagers
Notes
Relail and wlolesale liade manageis aie liequenlly emloyed in ielalively small eslaLlislmenls llal do
nol lave a lieiaicly ol manageis. Tle manageis ol laige ielail eslaLlislmenls sucl as sueimailels
and deailmenl sloies, lowevei, slould also Le classiled in llis giou, alllougl sucl eslaLlislmenls
may lave a lieiaicly ol manageis and sueivisois. Geneial manageis ol gious ol eslaLlislmenls
sucl as sueimailel oi deailmenl sloie clains aie classiled, lowevei, in \nil Giou 1120: Managing
Diieclois and Cliel Lxeculives.
Oeialois ol small slos loi wlom lle managemenl and sueivision ol sla is nol a signilcanl com-
onenl ol lle woil aie classiled in \nil Giou 5221: Sloleeeis.
Sla wlo conliol and diiecl lle aclivilies ol slo sales assislanls, clecloul oeialois and ollei woileis,
Lul wlo do nol lale iesonsiLilily loi deleimining ioducl mix, oveiall selling ol iices, Ludgels and
slamng levels, seleclion and ieciuilmenl, aie classiled in \nil Giou 5222: Slo Sueivisois.
Unit0rcup1420
PetaiIandWhoIesaIeTradeManagers
Retail and wholesale trade managers plan, or-
ganize, coordinate and control the operations
of establishments that sell goods on a retail or
wlolesale Lasis. Tley aie iesonsiLle loi lle
budgets, stafng and strategic and operational
direction of shops, or of organizational units
within shops that sell particular types of product.
Tasls include
(a) deleimining ioducl mix, slocl levels and
seivice slandaids;
(b) formulating and implementing purchasing
and maileling olicies, and selling iices;
(c) iomoling and adveilising lle eslaLlisl-
menl`s goods and seivices;
(d) mainlaining iecoids ol slocl levels and l-
(e) undeilaling Ludgeling loi lle eslaLlislmenl;
sion ol sla;
(g) ensuring compliance with occupational
health and safety regulations.
y Gioceiy managei
y Retail manager
y Shop manager
y Supermarket manager
y Sales managei 1221
y Sloleeei 5221
y Slo sueivisoi 5222
y Slo sales assislanl 5223
Notes
Relail and wlolesale liade manageis aie liequenlly
emloyed in ielalively small eslaLlislmenls llal do nol
lave a lieiaicly ol manageis. Tle manageis ol laige
retail establishments such as supermarkets and depart-
menl sloies, lowevei, slould geneially also Le classiled
in llis giou, alllougl sucl eslaLlislmenls may lave a
lieiaicly ol manageis and sueivisois. Geneial man-
agers of groups of establishments such as supermarket
oi deailmenl sloie clains aie classiled, lowevei, in
\nil Giou 1120: Managing Diieclois and Cliel Lxecu-
lives.
Operators of small shops for whom the management
and sueivision ol sla is nol a signilcanl comonenl ol
lle woil aie classiled in \nil Giou 5221: Sloleeeis.
Sla wlo conliol and diiecl lle aclivilies ol slo sales
assistants, checkout operators and other workers, but
who do not take responsibility for determining product
mix, oveiall selling ol iices, Ludgels and slamng levels,
seleclion and ieciuilmenl, aie classiled in \nil Giou
5222: Slo Sueivisois.
Mincr0rcup143
Dther5ervicesManagers
Ollei seivices manageis lan, oiganize and conliol lle oeialions ol eslaLlislmenls llal
iovide soiling, culluial, ieciealional, liavel, cuslomei conlacl and ollei amenily seivices.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lanning and oiganizing lle iange and mix ol seivices oi
aclivilies iovided; ensuiing llal lacililies aie lel clean and in good condilion; leeing aLieasl
ol new liends and develomenls ielevanl lo lle seivice iovided; advising on lle lacililies avail-
aLle and iomoling uLlicily; clecling and leeing cuslody ol all casl ieceils and maling
iegulai slocl clecls; eslaLlisling and managing Ludgels; conliolling exendiluie and ensuiing
lle emcienl use ol iesouices; lanning and diiecling daily oeialions; conliolling lle seleclion,
sueivision and eiloimance ol sla; ensuiing comliance will lealll and salely iequiiemenls.
1431 5ports, Pecreation and CuIturaI Centre Managers
1439 5ervices Managers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup1431
5ports, Pecreation and CuIturaI Centre Managers

Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers
plan, organize and control the operations of es-
laLlislmenls llal iovide soiling, ailislic, lleal-
iical and ollei ieciealional and amenily seivices.
Tasls include
(a) lanning and oiganizing lle iange and mix
ol enleilainmenl, alliaclions, culluial acliv-
ities and sports and tness programmes to be
oeied Ly lle cenlie;
(b) ensuring that facilities are kept clean and in
good condilion;
(c) leeing aLieasl ol new liends and devel-
omenls in lle ciealive ails and aiianging
theatrical productions and performances by
Lands and oicleslias;
(d) advising on lle lacililies availaLle and io-
moling uLlicily in ielalion lo evenls, slows
and aclivilies;
(e) checking and keeping custody of all cash re-
ceils and maling iegulai slocl clecls;
(f) establishing and managing budgets, control-
use ol iesouices;
(g) lanning and diiecling daily oeialions;
(l) conliolling lle seleclion, sueivision and
eiloimance ol sla;
(i) ensuring compliance with health and safety
regulations.
y Amusemenl ail managei
y Billiards or pool hall manager
y Casino manager
y Cinema manager
y Leisure centre manager
y Riding school manager
y Sports centre manager
y Tlealie managei
y Tleme ail managei
y Ail galleiy managei 1349
y IiLiaiy managei 1349
y Museum managei 1349
Unit0rcup1439
5ervices Managers Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis manageis llal lan, diiecl
and cooidinale lle iovision ol seivices and aie
nol classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 13: Pioduclion
and Secialized Seivices Manageis oi elsewleie
in SuL-majoi Giou 14: Hosilalily, Relail and
Ollei Seivices Manageis. !oi inslance, man-
ageis ol liavel agencies, conleience cenlies, con-
tact centres and shopping centres are classied
here.
y Camp site manager
y Caiavan ail managei
y Conference centre manager
y Contact centre manager
y Shopping centre manager
y Tiavel agency managei
Note
Lxcluded liom llis unil giou aie occualions llal in-
volve managing lle iovision ol secialized iolessional
and leclnical seivices and iequiie secialized qualilca-
lions and exeiience ielevanl lo one oi moie occualions
classiled in Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals oi in Majoi
Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals.
Tlese manageiial occualions aie classiled in vaiious
unil gious in SuL-majoi Gious 12: Adminislialive and
Commeicial Manageis and 13: Pioduclion and Secial-
ized Seivices Manageis.
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 2 Piolessionals 109
Ma|cr0rcup2
PPDFE55!DNAL5
Piolessionals inciease lle exisling slocl ol lnowledge; aly scienlilc oi ailislic concels and
lleoiies; leacl aLoul lle loiegoing in a syslemalic mannei; oi engage in any comLinalion ol
llese aclivilies. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis majoi giou iequiies
slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly iolessionals usually include: conducling analysis and ieseaicl, and de-
veloing concels, lleoiies and oeialional mellods; advising on oi alying exisling lnow-
ledge related to physical sciences, mathematics, engineering and technology, life sciences,
medical and lealll seivices, social sciences and lumanilies; leacling lle lleoiy and iaclice
ol one oi moie discilines al dieienl educalional levels; leacling and educaling eisons will
leaining dimcullies oi secial needs; ioviding vaiious Lusiness, legal and social seivices; cie-
aling and eiloiming woils ol ail; ioviding siiilual guidance; ieaiing scienlilc aeis
and ieoils. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
21 5cienceandEngineeringProfessionaIs
22 HeaIthProfessionaIs
23 TeachingProfessionaIs
24 Business and Administration ProfessionaIs
25 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy ProfessionaIs
26 LegaI,5ociaIandCuIturaIProfessionaIs
Sub-ma|cr0rcup21
5cienceandEngineeringProfessionaIs
Science and engineeiing iolessionals conducl ieseaicl; imiove oi develo concels, lleoiies
and oeialional mellods; oi aly scienlilc lnowledge ielaling lo lelds sucl as lysics, as-
tronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medi-
cine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent
eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO
slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: conducling ieseaicl, en-
laiging, advising on oi alying scienlilc lnowledge oLlained lliougl lle sludy ol sliucluies
and properties of physical matter and phenomena, chemical characteristics and processes of
vaiious suLslances, maleiials and ioducls, all loims ol luman, animal and lanl lile and
ol mallemalical and slalislical concels and mellods; advising on, designing and diiecling
consliuclion ol Luildings, lowns and liamc syslems, oi civil engineeiing and indusliial sliuc-
luies, as well as maclines and ollei equimenl; advising on and alying mining mellods and
ensuiing lleii olimum use; suiveying land and sea and maling mas; sludying and advising
on technological aspects of particular materials, products and processes, and on efciency of
ioduclion and woil oiganizalion; ieaiing scienlilc aeis and ieoils. Sueivision ol
other workers may be included.
211 PhysicaIandEarth5cienceProfessionaIs
212 Mathematicians, Actuaries and 5tatisticians
213 Life5cienceProfessionaIs
214 Engineering ProfessionaIs (excIuding EIectrotechnoIogy)
215 EIectrotechnoIogyEngineers
216 Architects,PIanners,5urveyorsandDesigners
Mincr0rcup211
PhysicaIandEarth5cienceProfessionaIs
Plysical and eaill science iolessionals conducl ieseaicl; imiove oi develo concels, lleo-
iies and oeialional mellods; oi aly scienlilc lnowledge ielaling lo lysics, aslionomy,
meteorology, chemistry, geology and geophysics.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: enlaiging scienlilc lnowledge lliougl ieseaicl and ex-
periments related to mechanics, thermodynamics, optics, sonics, electricity, magnetism, elec-
lionics, nucleai lysics, aslionomy, vaiious Liancles ol clemisliy, almosleiic condilions
and lle lysical naluie ol lle Laill; advising on oi alying llis lnowledge in sucl lelds
as manulacluiing, agiiculluie, medicine, navigalion, sace exloialion, oil, gas, walei and
mineial exloilalion, lelecommunicalions and ollei seivices, oi civil engineeiing; ieaiing
scientic papers and reports.
2111 Physicists and Astronomers
2112 MeteoroIogists
2113 Chemists
2114 SeoIogists and Seophysicists
Unit0rcup2111
Physicists and Astronomers

Physicists and astronomers conduct research and
imiove oi develo concels, lleoiies and oei-
ational methods concerning matter, space, time,
energy, forces and elds and the interrelationship
Lelween llese lysical lenomena. Tley aly
scientic knowledge relating to physics and as-
tronomy in industrial, medical, military or other
elds.
Tasls include
(a) conducling ieseaicl and imioving oi devel-
oping concepts, theories, instrumentation,
software and operational methods related to
lysics and aslionomy;
(L) conducling exeiimenls, lesls and analyses
on the structure and properties of matter in
elds such as mechanics, thermodynamics,
electronics, communications, power genera-
tion and distribution, aerodynamics, optics
and lasers, remote sensing, medicine, sonics,
magnelism and nucleai lysics;
(c) evalualing iesulls ol invesligalions and ex-
eiimenls and exiessing conclusions, mainly
using mallemalical leclniques and models;
(d) alying iinciles, leclniques and iocesses
lo develo oi imiove indusliial, medical,
military and other practical applications of
lle iinciles and leclniques ol lysics oi
aslionomy;
(e) ensuiing lle sale and elleclive deliveiy ol
radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing) to pa-
lienls lo aclieve a diagnoslic oi lleiaeulic
iesull as iesciiLed Ly a medical iaclilionei;
(f) ensuring the accurate measurement and
claiacleiizalion ol lysical quanlilies used
in medical alicalions;
(g) lesling, commissioning and evalualing equi-
ment used in applications such as imaging,
medical liealmenl and dosimeliy;
(l) advisi ng and consulli ng will medical
practitioners and other health care profes-
sionals in optimizing the balance between
lle Lenelcial and deleleiious eecls ol ia-
dialion;
(i) oLseiving, analysing and inleiieling celes-
lial lenomena and develoing mellods,
numeiical models and leclniques lo exlend
lnowledge ol lelds sucl as navigalion, salel-
lile communicalion, sace exloialion, celes-
lial Lodies and cosmic iadialion;
(j) develoing, imlemenling and mainlaining
standards and protocols for the measurement
of physical phenomena and for the use of nu-
clear technology in industrial and medical
alicalions;
(k) preparing scientic papers and reports.
y Aslionomei
y Medical lysicisl
y Nuclear physicist
y Physicist
y Radialion oncologisl 2212
y Radiologisl 2212
y Secialisl lysician (nucleai medicine)
2212
y Radiogialei 3211
Note
It should be noted that, while they are appropriately clas-
sied in this unit group with other physicists, medical
physicists are considered to be an integral part of the
health workforce alongside those occupations classied
in SuL-majoi Giou 22: Healll Piolessionals and olleis
classilied in a numLei ol ollei unil gious in Majoi
Giou 2: Piolessionals.
Unit0rcup2112
MeteoroIogists
Meleoiologisls ieaie sloil-leim oi long-leim
weallei loiecasls used in avialion, sliing,
agriculture and other areas and for the infor-
malion ol lle geneial uLlic. Tley conducl ie-
search related to the composition, structure and
dynamics of the atmosphere.
Tasls include
(a) invesligaling diieclion and seed ol aii move-
ments, pressures, temperatures, humidity,
physical and chemical transformation of pol-
lutants and other phenomena such as cloud
formation and precipitation, electrical dis-
luiLances oi solai iadialion;
(b) studying data collected from meteorological
stations, radar and satellite imagery and
computer model output to plot and forecast
weallei condilions;
(c) preparing and reporting short-term or long-
term weather maps, forecasts and warnings
relating to atmospheric phenomena such as
cyclones, storms and other hazards to life
and property, and disseminating informa-
tion about atmospheric conditions through
a vaiiely ol media including iadio, lelevision,
iinl and lle !nleinel;
(d) conducling exeiimenls in log diseisal,
cloud seeding, rain enhancement and other
lyes ol weallei modilcalion iogiammes;
(e) develoing and lesling mallemalical com-
ulei models ol weallei and climale loi ex-
eiimenlal oi oeialional use;
(f) participating in studies of the effect of
weallei on lle enviionmenl;
(g) analysing the impact of industrial projects and
luman aclivily on lle climale and qualily ol
the air, and working with the social science,
engineering and economic communities to
develo aioiiale miligalion slialegies;
(l) engaging in lle design and develomenl ol
new equimenl and ioceduies loi meleoio-
logical data collection and remote sensing, or
loi ielaled alicalions;
(i) conducling ieseaicl on and imioving oi de-
veloing concels, lleoiies and oeialional
methods related to the composition, struc-
ture and dynamics of the atmosphere, and
preparing scientic papers and reports on the
outcome of this research.
y Climatologist
y Hydrometeorologist
y Meleoiologisl
y Weather forecaster
Unit0rcup2113
Chemists
Clemisls conducl ieseaicl, imiove oi develo
concepts, theories and operational methods, or
apply scientic knowledge relating to chemistry,
lo develo new lnowledge oi ioducls and loi
qualily and iocess conliol.
Tasls include
(a) conducling ieseaicl and imioving oi de-
veloing concels, insliumenls, lleoiies and
oeialional mellods ielaled lo clemisliy;
(L) conducling exeiimenls, lesls and analyses
lo invesligale clemical comosilion and
eneigy and clemical clanges in vaiious
natural or synthetic substances, materials
and ioducls;
(c) develoing ioceduies loi enviionmenlal
conliol, qualily conliol and vaiious ollei
ioceduies loi manulacluieis oi useis;
(d) conducting programmes of sample and data
colleclion and analysis lo idenlily and quan-
lily enviionmenlal loxicanls;
(e) participating in interdisciplinary research
and develomenl iojecls woiling will
chemical engineers, biologists, microbiolo-
gists, agronomists, geologists or other pro-
lessionals;
(l) using micio-oiganisms lo conveil suLslances
inlo new comounds;
(g) determining ways to strengthen or combine
maleiials oi develo new maleiials.
(h) reproducing and synthesizing naturally oc-
curring substances and creating new arti-
cial suLslances;
(i) preparing scientic papers and reports.
y Chemist
y Bioclemisl 2131
y Plaimacologisl 2131
y Plaimacisl 2262
Unit0rcup2114
SeoIogists and Seophysicists

Geologisls and geolysicisls conducl ieseaicl;
imiove oi develo concels, lleoiies and oei-
alional mellods; oi aly scienlilc lnowledge
relating to geology and geophysics in such elds
as oil, gas and mineial exloialion and exliac-
lion, walei conseivalion, civil engineeiing, lele-
communicalions and navigalion, and assessmenl
and miligalion ol lle eecls ol develomenl and
wasle disosal iojecls on lle enviionmenl.
Tasls include
(a) conducling ieseaicl and imioving oi de-
veloing concels, lleoiies and oeialional
mellods ielaled lo geology and geolysics;
(b) studying composition and structure of the
Laill`s ciusl, examining iocls, mineials, los-
sils and other materials to determine processes
aecling lle develomenl ol lle Laill, liace
evolulion ol asl lile, eslaLlisl lle naluie
and chronology of geological formations and
assess lleii commeicial alicalions;
(c) interpreting research data and preparing ge-
ological reports, maps, charts and diagrams,
ieoils and aeis;
(d) applying geological knowledge to problems
encounleied in civil engineeiing iojecls
such as the construction of dams, bridges,
tunnels and large buildings, and land recla-
malion iojecls;
(e) using vaiious iemole sensing iogiammes
lo invesligale and measuie seismic, giavi-
tational, electrical, thermal and magnetic
loices aecling lle Laill;
(f) estimating weight, size and mass of the Earth
and composition and structure of its interior,
and sludying lle naluie, aclivily and ie-
diclaLilily ol volcanoes, glacieis and eaill-
quales;
(g) charting the Earths magnetic eld and ap-
plying this and other collected data for
Lioadcasling, navigalion and ollei uioses;
(h) studying and measuring physical properties
of seas and the atmosphere and their inter-
ielalionsli, sucl as lle exclange ol lleimal
eneigy;
(i) locating and determining the nature and
exlenl ol oil, gas and mineial deosils using
seismological, giavimeliic, magnelic, elec-
liical oi iadiomeliic mellods;
(j) identifying deposits of construction ma-
terials and determining their characteristics
and suitability for use as concrete aggregates,
ioad lll oi loi ollei alicalions;
(l) ieseaicling lle movemenl, disliiLulion and
physical properties of ground and surface
waleis;
(l) advising in aieas sucl as wasle managemenl,
route and site selection and the restoration of
contaminated sites.
y Geological oceanogialei
y Geologisl
y Geolysical oceanogialei
y Geolysicisl
y Geoscienlisl
Mincr0rcup212
Mathematicians, Actuaries and 5tatisticians
Mallemalicians, acluaiies and slalislicians conducl ieseaicl; imiove oi develo mallemal-
ical, acluaiial and slalislical concels, lleoiies and oeialional models and leclniques; and
apply this knowledge to a wide range of tasks in such elds as engineering, business and social
and other sciences.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: sludying, imioving and develoing mallemalical, aclu-
aiial and slalislical lleoiies and leclniques; advising on oi alying mallemalical iinciles,
models and leclniques lo a wide iange ol lasls in lle lelds ol engineeiing, naluial, social
oi lile sciences; conducling logical analyses ol managemenl ioLlems, esecially in leims ol
inuloulul eecliveness, and loimulaling mallemalical models ol eacl ioLlem usually loi
iogiamming and solulion Ly comulei; designing and ulling inlo oeialion ension sclemes
and lile, lealll, social and ollei lyes ol insuiance syslems; alying mallemalics, slalislics,
ioLaLilily and iisl lleoiy lo assess olenlial lnancial imacls ol luluie evenls; lanning and
oiganizing suiveys and ollei slalislical colleclions, and designing queslionnaiies; evalualing,
iocessing, analysing and inleiieling slalislical dala and ieaiing llem loi uLlicalion; ad-
vising on oi alying vaiious dala colleclion mellods and slalislical mellods and leclniques,
and determining reliability of ndings, especially in such elds as business or medicine as well
as in ollei aieas ol naluial, social oi lile sciences; ieaiing scienlilc aeis and ieoils;
sueivising lle woil ol mallemalical, acluaiial and slalislical assislanls and slalislical cleils.
2120 Mathematicians, Actuaries and 5tatisticians
Unit0rcup2120
Mathematicians, Actuaries and 5tatisticians

Mallemalicians, acluaiies and slalislicians con-
ducl ieseaicl and imiove oi develo mallemal-
ical, actuarial and statistical concepts, theories
and oeialional mellods and leclniques and
advise on oi engage in lleii iaclical alica-
tion in such elds as engineering, business and
social and other sciences.
Tasls include
(a) sludying, imioving and develoing malle-
matical, actuarial and statistical theories and
leclniques;
(L) advising on oi alying mallemalical iin-
ciles, models and leclniques lo a wide iange
of tasks in the elds of engineering, natural,
social oi lile sciences;
(c) conducting logical analyses of management
ioLlems, esecially in leims ol inuloulul
eecliveness, and loimulaling mallemalical
models of each problem usually for program-
ming and solulion Ly comulei;
(d) designing and putting into operation pension
schemes and life, health, social and other
lyes ol insuiance syslems;
(e) applying mathematics, statistics, probability
and risk theory to assess potential nancial
imacls ol luluie evenls;
(l) lanning and oiganizing suiveys and ollei
slalislical colleclions, and designing ques-
lionnaiies;
(g) evalualing, iocessing, analysing and inlei-
preting statistical data and preparing them
loi uLlicalion;
(l) advising on oi alying vaiious dala collec-
tion methods and statistical methods and
leclniques, and deleimining ieliaLilily ol
ndings, especially in such elds as business
or medicine as well as in other areas of nat-
uial, social oi lile sciences;
(i) ieaiing scienlilc aeis and ieoils;
(j) sueivising lle woil ol mallemalical, aclu-
arial and statistical assistants and statistical
clerks.
y Acluaiy
y Demogialei
y Mallemalician
y Operations research analyst
y Statistician
y !nloimalion syslems analysl 2511
y Acluaiial assislanl 3314
y Mallemalical assislanl 3314
y Slalislical assislanl 3314
y Acluaiial cleil 4312
y Slalislical cleil 4312
Mincr0rcup213
Life5cienceProfessionaIs
Life science professionals apply knowledge gained from research into human, animal and
lanl lile and lleii inleiaclions will eacl ollei and lle enviionmenl lo develo new lnow-
ledge, imiove agiiculluial and loiesliy ioduclion, and solve luman lealll and enviion-
mental problems.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: collecling, analysing and evalualing exeiimenlal and leld
dala lo idenlily and develo new iocesses and leclniques; ioviding advice and suoil
lo goveinmenls, oiganizalions and Lusinesses aLoul ecological suslainaLle develomenl ol
natural resources.
2131 BioIogists,Botanists,ZooIogistsandPeIatedProfessionaIs
2132 Farming, Forestry and Fisheries Advisers
2133 EnvironmentaI Protection ProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup2131
BioIogists,Botanists,ZooIogistsandPeIated
ProfessionaIs
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related
iolessionals sludy living oiganisms and lleii
interactions with each other and with the en-
viionmenl, and aly llis lnowledge lo solving
luman lealll and enviionmenlal ioLlems.
Tley woil in diveise lelds sucl as Lolany, zo-
ology, ecology, marine biology, genetics, immu-
nology, laimacology, loxicology, lysiology,
Lacleiiology and viiology.
Tasls include
(a) undertaking research in laboratories and in
the eld to increase scientic knowledge of
living oiganisms, lo discovei new inloima-
lion, lo lesl lyolleses, lo solve ioLlems in
aieas sucl as lle enviionmenl, agiiculluie
and lealll, and lo develo new ioducls,
iocesses and leclniques loi laimaceu-
lical, agiiculluial and enviionmenlal use;
(L) designing and conducling exeiimenls and
lesls;
(c) gathering human, animal, insect and plant
specimens and data, and studying their
oiigin, develomenl, clemical and lysical
form, structure, composition, and life and
ieioduclive iocesses;
(d) examining living oiganisms using a vaiiely ol
secialized equimenl, insliumenls, leclnol-
ogies and leclniques sucl as eleclion micio-
scopes, telemetry, global positioning systems,
biotechnology, satellite imaging, genetic engi-
neering, digital imaging analysis, polymerase
clain ieaclion and comulei modelling;
(e) identifying, classifying, recording and moni-
loiing living oiganisms and mainlaining da-
laLases;
(f) writing scientic papers and reports detailing
research and any new ndings which are then
made availaLle lo lle scienlilc communily in
scientic journals or at conferences for scru-
liny and luillei deLale;
(g) designing and caiiying oul enviionmenlal
impact assessments to identify changes
caused Ly naluial oi luman laclois;
(l) ioviding advice lo goveinmenls, oiganiza-
tions and businesses in areas such as conser-
valion, managemenl ol naluial iesouices, and
lle eecls ol climale clange and ollulion.
y Animal Lelaviouiisl
y Bacteriologist
y Biochemist
y Biologist
y Biomedical researcher
y Biotechnologist
y Botanist
y Cell geneticist
y Maiine Liologisl
y MicioLiologisl
y Moleculai Liologisl
y Moleculai genelicisl
y Pharmacologist
y Zoologist
y Lcologisl 2133
Note
Medical ieseaicl iolessionals wlo ailiciale in Lio-
medical ieseaicl using living oiganisms and do nol
undeilale clinical iaclice aie classiled in \nil Giou
2131: Biologisls, Bolanisls, Zoologisls and Relaled Pio-
lessionals. Tlose wlo also undeilale clinical iaclice
aie classiled in Minoi Giou 221: Medical Doclois.
Unit0rcup2132
Farming, Forestry and Fisheries Advisers

!aiming, loiesliy and lsleiies adviseis sludy and
iovide assislance and advice on laim, loiesliy
and lsleiies managemenl, including cullivalion,
leililizalion, laivesling, soil eiosion and como-
silion, disease ievenlion, nuliilion, cio iolalion
and maileling. Tley develo leclniques loi in-
cieasing ioduclivily, and sludy and develo lans
and policies for land and sheries management.
Tasls include
(a) collecting and analysing data and samples re-
laled lo ioduce, leed, soil, walei qualily and
ollei laclois aecling laim, loiesl oi lsleiy
ioduclion;
(L) advising on leclniques loi imioving lle
ioduclion ol cios, liveslocl and lsl, and
alleinalive ioduclion olions;
(c) advising on liveslocl and cio disease, con-
liol ol esls and weeds, soil imiovemenl,
animal lusLandiy and leeding iogiammes;
(d) sludying lle enviionmenlal laclois aecling
commercial crop production, pasture growth,
animal breeding, sh stocks and the growth
and lealll ol loiesl liees;
(e) sludying lle eecls ol cullivalion leclniques,
soils, insects, diseases and sheries practices
on animal, cio, loiesliy and lsleiies yield;
(f) studying sh migration, growth, feeding and
sawning, and devising mellods ol collecling,
leililizing, incuLaling and lalcling lsl eggs;
(g) researching into characteristics, use capa-
Lilily and ioduclivily ol soils, and alying
lndings lo develomenl ol imioved agiicul-
luial, loiliculluial and loiesliy iaclices;
(l) develoing ioceduies and leclniques loi
solving agiiculluial ioLlems and imioving
lle emciency ol ioduclion;
(i) managing forest and sheries resources to
maximize lleii long-leim commeicial, iec-
iealional and enviionmenlal Lenells;
(j) studying the propagation and culture of forest
liees, mellods loi imioving lle giowll ol
slocl, and lle eecls ol llinning on loiesl
yields;
(l) invesligaling, lanning and imlemenling
management procedures to cope with the
eecls ol lies, oods, diouglls, soil eiosion,
esls and diseases;
(l) preparing scientic reports and conducting
advisoiy inloimalion sessions and lecluies
for farming, forestry and shing communi-
ties and other groups.
y Agionomisl
y !isleiies advisei
y !oiesliy advisei
y Forestry scientist
y Horticultural scientist
y Silviculluiisl
y Soil scientist
Unit0rcup2133
EnvironmentaI Protection ProfessionaIs

Lnviionmenlal ioleclion iolessionals sludy
and assess lle ellecls on lle enviionmenl ol
luman aclivily sucl as aii, walei and noise ol-
lulion, soil conlaminalion, climale clange, loxic
waste and depletion and degradation of natural
iesouices. Tley develo lans and solulions lo
iolecl, conseive, iesloie, minimize and ievenl
luillei damage lo lle enviionmenl.
Tasls include
(a) conducting research, performing tests,
collecting samples, performing field and
laboratory analysis to identify sources of en-
viionmenlal ioLlems, and iecommending
ways lo ievenl, conliol and iemediale lle
imacl ol sucl ioLlems;
(b) assessing the likely impact that potential or
ioosed aclivilies, iojecls and develo-
menls may lave on lle enviionmenl, and
iecommending wlellei sucl develomenls
slould ioceed;
(c) develoing and cooidinaling lle imlemenla-
lion ol enviionmenlal managemenl syslems
to enable organizations to identify, monitor
and conliol lle imacl ol lleii aclivilies,
ioducls and seivices on lle enviionmenl;
(d) conducling audils lo evaluale lle enviion-
menlal imacl ol exisling aclivilies, io-
cesses, wasles, noises and suLslances;
(e) assessing an organizations compliance with
goveinmenl and inleinal enviionmenlal
iegulalions and guidelines, idenlilying viola-
tions and determining appropriate remedial
aclion;
(l) ioviding leclnical advice and suoil sei-
vices lo oiganizalions on low Lesl lo deal
will enviionmenlal ioLlems in oidei lo
ieduce enviionmenlal damage and minimize
lnancial loss;
(g) develoing conseivalion lans.
y Aii ollulion analysl
y Conseivalion omcei
y Conseivalion scienlisl
y Ecologist
y Lnviionmenlal advisei
y Lnviionmenlal audiloi
y Lnviionmenlal consullanl
y Lnviionmenlal ieseaicl scienlisl
y Lnviionmenlal scienlisl
y Park ranger
y Walei qualily analysl
y Lnviionmenlal engineei 2143
Mincr0rcup214
Engineering ProfessionaIs (excIuding EIectrotechnoIogy)
Lngineeiing iolessionals (excluding eleclioleclnology) design, lan and oiganize lle lesling,
construction, installation and maintenance of structures, machines and their components, and
ioduclion syslems and lanls; and lan ioduclion scledules and woil ioceduies lo ensuie
llal engineeiing iojecls aie undeilalen salely, emcienlly and in a cosl-eeclive mannei.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lanning and designing clemical iocess syslems, civil en-
gineeiing iojecls, meclanical equimenl and syslems, mining and diilling oeialions, and
ollei engineeiing iojecls; secilying and inleiieling diawings and lans, and deleimining
consliuclion mellods; sueivising lle consliuclion ol sliucluies, walei and gas suly and
transportation systems, and the manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of
equimenl, maclines and lanl; oiganizing and managing iojecl laLoui and lle deliveiy ol
maleiials, lanl and equimenl; eslimaling lolal cosls and ieaiing delailed cosl lans and
eslimales as lools loi Ludgelaiy conliol; iesolving design and oeialional ioLlems in lle
vaiious lelds ol engineeiing lliougl lle alicalion ol engineeiing leclnology.
2141 !ndustriaIandProductionEngineers
2142CiviIEngineers
2143 EnvironmentaI Engineers
2144MechanicaIEngineers
2145 ChemicaI Engineers
2146MiningEngineers,MetaIIurgistsandPeIatedProfessionaIs
2149 Engineering ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup2141
!ndustriaIandProductionEngineers
Industrial and production engineers conduct
ieseaicl and design, oiganize and oveisee lle
construction, operation and maintenance of in-
dustrial production processes and installations.
Tley eslaLlisl iogiammes loi lle cooidinalion
ol manulacluiing aclivilies and assess cosl eecl-
iveness and salely.
Tasls include
(a) studying functional statements, organ-
izational charts and project information to
determine functions and responsibilities of
workers and work units and to identify areas
ol dulicalion;
(b) establishing work measurement programmes
and analysing woil samles lo develo
slandaids loi laLoui ulilizalion;
(c) analysing workforce utilization, facility
layout, operational data and production
schedules and costs to determine optimum
woilei and equimenl emciencies;
(d) develoing secilcalions loi manulacluie,
and deleimining maleiials, equimenl,
iing, maleiial ows, caacilies and layoul
ol lanl and syslems;
(e) organizing and managing project labour and
lle deliveiy ol maleiials, lanl and equimenl;
(f) establishing standards and policies for instal-
lalion, modilcalion, qualily conliol, lesling,
inspection and maintenance according to en-
gineeiing iinciles and salely iegulalions;
(g) insecling lanl lo imiove and mainlain
eiloimance;
(h) directing the maintenance of plant build-
ings and equimenl, and cooidinaling lle
iequiiemenls loi new designs, suiveys and
mainlenance scledules;
(i) advising managemenl on new ioduclion
mellods, leclniques and equimenl;
(j) liaising with materials buying, storing and
controlling departments to ensure a steady
ow ol sulies.
y Industrial efciency engineer
y Industrial engineer
y Industrial plant engineer
y Production engineer
y Manulacluiing ioduclion managei 1321
Unit0rcup2142
CiviIEngineers
Civil engineeis conducl ieseaicl; advise on,
design and diiecl consliuclion; manage lle o-
eialion and mainlenance ol civil engineeiing
sliucluies; oi sludy and advise on leclnological
aspects of particular materials.
Tasls include
(a) conducling ieseaicl and develoing new oi
imioved lleoiies and mellods ielaled lo
civil engineeiing;
(L) advising on and designing sliucluies sucl as
bridges, dams, docks, roads, airports, rail-
ways, canals, pipelines, waste-disposal and
flood-control systems, and industrial and
ollei laige Luildings;
(c) determining and specifying construction
mellods, maleiials and qualily slandaids,
and diiecling consliuclion woil;
(d) establishing control systems to ensure ef-
cient functioning of structures as well as
salely and enviionmenlal ioleclion;
(e) organizing and directing maintenance and
ieaii ol exisling civil engineeiing sliucluies;
(l) analysing lle Lelavioui ol soil and iocl
when placed under pressure by proposed
structures and designing structural founda-
lions;
(g) analysing the stability of structures and
lesling lle Lelavioui and duiaLilily ol ma-
terials used in their construction.
y Civil engineei
y Geoleclnical engineei
y Structural engineer
y Civil engineeiing iojecl managei 1323
y Geoscienlisl 2114
y Melalluigisl 2146
y Mining engineei 2146
y Town and liamc lanneis 2164
Unit0rcup2143
EnvironmentaI Engineers
Lnviionmenlal engineeis conducl ieseaicl and
advise on, design and diiecl imlemenlalion ol
solulions lo ievenl, conliol oi iemedy negalive
imacls ol luman aclivily on lle enviionmenl
ulilizing a vaiiely ol engineeiing discilines.
Tley conducl enviionmenlal assessmenls ol
consliuclion and civil engineeiing iojecls and
apply engineering principles to pollution control,
recycling and waste disposal.
Tasls include
(a) conducting research and assessing and re-
oiling on lle enviionmenlal imacl ol
exisling and ioosed consliuclion, civil en-
gineeiing and ollei aclivilies;
(b) inspecting industrial and municipal facilities
and iogiammes lo evaluale oeialional
eecliveness and ensuie comliance will en-
viionmenlal iegulalions;
(c) designing and oveiseeing lle develomenl ol
syslems, iocesses and equimenl loi conliol,
management or remediation of water, air or
soil qualily;
(d) ioviding enviionmenlal engineeiing assis-
tance in network analysis, regulatory ana-
lysis, and lanning oi ieviewing dalaLase
develomenl;
(e) obtaining, updating and maintaining plans,
eimils and slandaid oeialing ioceduies;
(l) ioviding engineeiing and leclnical suoil
loi enviionmenlal iemedialion and liliga-
tion projects, including remediation system
design and determination of regulatory ap-
licaLilily;
(g) moniloiing iogiess ol enviionmenlal im-
iovemenl iogiammes;
(l) advising coioialions and goveinmenl agen-
cies of procedures to follow in cleaning up
contaminated sites to protect people and the
enviionmenl;
(i) collaLoialing will enviionmenlal scienlisls,
planners, hazardous waste technicians, engi-
neers from other disciplines and specialists in
law and Lusiness lo addiess enviionmenlal
problems.
y Aii ollulion conliol engineei
y Lnviionmenlal analysl
y Lnviionmenlal engineei
y Lnviionmenlal iemedialion secialisl
y Wastewater process engineer
y Lnviionmenlal scienlisl 2133
y Radialion ioleclion exeil 2263
Unit0rcup2144
MechanicaIEngineers
Meclanical engineeis conducl ieseaicl; advise
on, design and direct production of machines,
aircraft, ships, machinery and industrial plant,
equimenl and syslems; advise on and diiecl
lleii lunclioning, mainlenance and ieaii; oi
sludy and advise on meclanical asecls ol ai-
ticular materials, products or processes.
Tasls include
(a) advising on and designing maclineiy and
tools for manufacturing, mining, construc-
tion, agricultural and other industrial pur-
oses;
(L) advising on and designing sleam, inleinal
combustion and other non-electric motors
and engines used for propulsion of railway
locomolives, ioad velicles oi aiiciall, oi loi
diiving indusliial oi ollei maclineiy;
(c) advising on and designing: lulls, sueisliuc-
luies and ioulsion syslems ol slis; me-
clanical lanl and equimenl loi lle ielease,
conliol and ulilizalion ol eneigy; lealing,
venlilalion and ieliigeialion syslems, sleeiing
geai, ums and ollei meclanical equimenl;
(d) advising on and designing aiiliames, undei-
caiiiages and ollei equimenl loi aiiciall as
well as susension syslems, Liales, velicle
Lodies and ollei comonenls ol ioad velicles;
(e) advising on and designing non-elecliical
parts of apparatus or products such as word
processors, computers, precision instru-
menls, cameias and iojeclois;
(f) establishing control standards and pro-
cedures to ensure efcient functioning and
safety of machines, machinery, tools, motors,
engines, indusliial lanl, equimenl oi sys-
lems;
(g) ensuiing llal equimenl, oeialion and
maintenance comply with design specica-
tions and safety standards.
y Aeionaulical engineei
y Engine designer
y Maiine aiclilecl
y Maiine engineei
y Meclanical engineei
y Slis` engineei 3151
Unit0rcup2145
ChemicaI Engineers
Chemical engineers conduct research and de-
velo, advise on and diiecl commeicial-scale
clemical iocesses and ioduclion ol vaiious
substances and items such as crude oil, petroleum
deiivalives, lood and diinl ioducls, medicines
oi synllelic maleiials. Tley diiecl mainlenance
and ieaii ol clemical lanl and equimenl and
sludy and advise on clemical asecls ol ai-
ticular materials, products or processes.
Tasls include
(a) conducling ieseaicl and advising on, and
develoing, commeicial-scale clemical io-
cesses lo ielne ciude oil and ollei liquids oi
gases, and to produce substances and items
sucl as elioleum deiivalives, exlosives,
food and drink products, medicines or syn-
llelic maleiials;
(b) specifying chemical production methods,
maleiials and qualily slandaids and ensuiing
llal lley conloim lo secilcalions;
(c) establishing control standards and pro-
cedures to ensure safety and efficiency of
chemical production operations and safety
ol woileis` oeialing equimenl oi ol llose
woiling in close ioximily lo ongoing clem-
ical ieaclions;
(d) designing clemical lanl equimenl and de-
vising iocesses loi manulacluiing clemi-
cals and ioducls;
(e) performing tests throughout stages of pro-
duclion lo deleimine degiee ol conliol ovei
vaiiaLles, including lemeialuie, densily,
secilc giavily and iessuie;
(l) develoing salely ioceduies lo Le emloyed;
(g) preparing estimates of production costs and
ioduclion iogiess ieoils loi managemenl;
(h) performing laboratory studies of steps in the
manufacture of new products and testing
proposed processes in small-scale operations
such as a pilot plant.
y Chemical engineer
y Fuel technologist
y Plastics technologist
y Renery process engineer
Unit0rcup2146
MiningEngineers,MetaIIurgistsandPeIated
ProfessionaIs
Mining engineeis, melalluigisls and ielaled io-
lessionals conducl ieseaicl on, design, develo
and mainlain commeicial-scale mellods ol ex-
tracting metals from their ores, or minerals,
walei, oil oi gas liom lle eaill, and ol develoing
new alloys, ceramic and other materials, or study
and advise on mining oi melalluigical asecls ol
particular materials, products or processes.
Tasls include
(a) determining the location and planning the
exliaclion ol coal, melallic oies, non-me-
tallic minerals, and building materials such
as slone and giavel;
(b) determining the most suitable methods of
emcienl mining and exliaclion and lyes ol
machinery to be used, planning layout and
diiecling consliuclion ol slalls and lunnels;
(c) deleimining diilling siles and devising
mellods ol conliolling lle ow ol walei, oil
oi gas liom wells;
(d) planning and directing storage, initial treat-
menl and liansoilalion ol walei, oil oi gas;
(e) establishing safety standards and procedures
and first-aid facilities, especially under-
giound;
(l) conducling ieseaicl, develoing mellods
ol exliacling melals liom lleii oies and ad-
vising on lleii alicalion;
(g) invesligaling ioeilies ol melals and alloys,
develoing new alloys and advising on and
sueivising leclnical asecls ol melal and
alloy manulacluie and iocessing;
(h) maintaining technical liaison and consul-
lancy will ollei ielevanl secialisls sucl as
geologisls and geolysicisls;
(i) examining deosils oi mines lo evaluale
protability.
y Lxliaclive melalluigisl
y Mining engineei
y Pelioleum and naluial gas exliaclion
engineer
y Geologisl 2114
y Geolysicisl 2114
Unit0rcup2149
Engineering ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis engineeiing iolessionals
nol classilied elsewleie in Minoi Giou 214:
Lngineeiing Piolessionals (excluding Lleclio-
leclnology) oi in Minoi Giou 215: Lleclio-
technology Engineers. For instance, the group
includes llose wlo conducl ieseaicl and advise
on oi develo engineeiing ioceduies and solu-
tions concerning workplace safety, biomedical
engineering, optics, materials, nuclear power
geneialion and exlosives.
(a) applying knowledge of engineering to the
design, develomenl and evalualion ol Lio-
logical and health systems and products such
as articial organs, prostheses and instru-
menlalion;
(L) designing devices used in vaiious medical
procedures and imaging systems such as
magnelic iesonance imaging, and devices loi
automating insulin injections or controlling
Lody lunclions;
(c) designing components of optical instruments
such as lenses, microscopes, telescopes,
laseis, olical disc syslems and ollei equi-
menl llal ulilize lle ioeilies ol ligll;
(d) designing, testing and coordinating the de-
velomenl ol exlosive oidnance maleiial lo
meel mililaiy iocuiemenl secilcalions;
(e) designing and oveiseeing lle consliuclion
and operation of nuclear reactors and power
plants and nuclear fuels reprocessing and
ieclamalion syslems;
(l) designing and develoing nucleai equimenl
such as reactor cores, radiation shielding
and associated instrumentation and control
meclanisms;
(g) assessing damage and ioviding calculalions
loi maiine salvage oeialions;
(l) sludying and advising on engineeiing asecls
of particular manufacturing processes, such
as llose ielaled lo glass, ceiamics, lexliles,
leallei ioducls, wood and iinling;
(i) identifying potential hazards and introducing
salely ioceduies and devices.
y Biomedical engineer
y Lxlosive oidnance engineei
y Maiine salvage engineei
y Maleiials engineei
y Nuclear power generation engineer
y Optical engineer
y Quanlily suiveyoi
y Safety engineer
y !ndusliial and ioduclion engineeis
2141
y Lnviionmenlal engineei 2143
y Suiveyoi 2165
Note
It should be noted that, while they are appropriately
classied in this unit group with other engineering pro-
fessionals, biomedical engineers are considered to be an
integral part of the health workforce alongside those oc-
cualions classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 22: Healll Pio-
fessionals, and others classied in a number of other unit
gious in Majoi Giou 2: Piolessionals.
Mincr0rcup215
EIectrotechnoIogyEngineers
Lleclioleclnology engineeis conducl ieseaicl on and design, advise, lan and diiecl lle con-
struction and operation of electronic, electrical and telecommunications systems, components,
molois and equimenl. Tley oiganize and eslaLlisl conliol syslems lo moniloi lle eiloi-
mance and safety of electrical and electronic assemblies and systems.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: conducling ieseaicl and advising on and diiecling lle main-
lenance and ieaii ol elecliical, eleclionic and lelecommunicalions ioducls and syslems;
advising on and designing owei slalions and syslems llal geneiale, liansmil and disliiLule
elecliical owei; eslaLlisling conliol slandaids lo moniloi eiloimance and salely ol elec-
liical, eleclionic and lelecommunicalions syslems and equimenl.
2151 EIectricaIEngineers
2152EIectronicsEngineers
2153 TeIecommunications Engineers
Unit0rcup2151
EIectricaIEngineers
Llecliical engineeis conducl ieseaicl and advise
on, design and direct the construction and oper-
ation of electrical systems, components, motors
and equimenl, and advise on and diiecl lleii
functioning, maintenance and repair, or study
and advise on leclnological asecls ol elecliical
engineering materials, products and processes.
Tasls include
(a) advising on and designing owei slalions
and systems which generate, transmit and
disliiLule elecliical owei;
(L) sueivising, conliolling and moniloiing lle
operation of electrical generation, transmis-
sion and disliiLulion syslems;
(c) advising on and designing syslems loi elec-
trical motors, electrical traction and other
equimenl, oi elecliical domeslic aliances;
(d) specifying electrical installation and appli-
cation in industrial and other buildings and
oLjecls;
(e) establishing control standards and pro-
cedures to monitor performance and safety
of electrical generating and distribution sys-
lems, molois and equimenl;
(f) determining manufacturing methods for
electrical systems, as well as maintenance
and ieaii ol exisling elecliical syslems,
molois and equimenl.
y Electrical engineer
y Electric power generation engineer
y Electromechanical engineer
y ucleai owei geneialion engineei 2149
y Lleclionics engineei 2152
y Bioadcasl engineei 2153
y Telecommunicalions engineei 2153
Unit0rcup2152
EIectronicsEngineers
Electronics engineers conduct research on, design
and direct the construction functioning, main-
tenance and repair of electronic systems, and study
and advise on leclnological asecls ol eleclionic
engineering materials, products or processes.
Tasls include
(a) advising on and designing eleclionic devices
or components, circuits, semi-conductors
and syslems;
(b) speci fyi ng production or i nstal lation
mellods, maleiials and qualily slandaids,
and directing production or installation work
ol eleclionic ioducls and syslems;
(c) establishing control standards and procedures
to ensure efcient functioning and safety of
eleclionic syslems, molois and equimenl;
(d) organizing and directing maintenance and
ieaii ol exisling eleclionic syslems and
equimenl;
(e) designing electronic circuits and components
for use in elds such as aerospace guidance
and propulsion control, acoustics, or instru-
menls and conliols;
(l) ieseaicling and advising on iadai, lelemeliy
and iemole conliol syslems, miciowaves and
ollei eleclionic equimenl;
(g) designing and develoing signal iocessing
algorithms and implementing these through
appropriate choice of hardware and soft-
waie;
(l) develoing aaialus and ioceduies lo lesl
electronic components, circuits and systems.
y Computer hardware engineer
y Electronics engineer
y Instrumentation engineer
y Telecommunicalions engineei 2153
Unit0rcup2153
TeIecommunications Engineers
Telecommunicalions engineeis conducl ieseaicl
and advise on, design and diiecl lle consliuc-
tion, functioning, maintenance and repair of tel-
ecommunicalion syslems and equimenl. Tley
sludy and advise on leclnological asecls ol
telecommunication engineering materials, prod-
ucts or processes.
Tasls include
(a) advising on and designing lelecommunica-
lions devices oi comonenls, syslems, equi-
menl and disliiLulion cenlies;
(b) specifying production or installation methods,
maleiials and qualily and salely slandaids,
and directing production or installation work
ol lelecommunicalions ioducls and syslems;
(c) organizing and directing maintenance and
ieaii ol exisling lelecommunicalion sys-
lems, molois and equimenl;
(d) ieseaicling and advising on lelecommunica-
lions equimenl;
(e) planning and designing communications net-
works based on wired, bre optical and wire-
less communicalion media;
(l) designing and develoing signal iocessing
algorithms and implementing these through
aioiiale cloice ol laidwaie and sollwaie;
(g) designing telecommunications networks and
iadio and lelevision disliiLulion syslems, in-
cluding Loll caLle and ovei lle aii.
y Broadcast engineer
y Telecommunicalions engineei
y Telecommunicalions engineeiing
technologist
Mincr0rcup216
Architects,PIanners,5urveyorsandDesigners
Aiclilecls, lanneis, suiveyois and designeis lan and design landscaes, Luilding exleiiois
and inleiiois, ioducls loi manulacluie, and visual and audiovisual conlenl loi lle communi-
calion ol inloimalion. Tley conducl suivey woil lo iecisely osilion geogialical lealuies;
design, ieaie and ievise mas; and develo and imlemenl lans and olicies loi conliolling
the use of land.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: deleimining lle oLjeclives and consliainls ol lle design Liiel
Ly consulling will clienls and slaleloldeis; loimulaling design concels and lans llal lai-
monize aesllelic consideialions will leclnical, lunclional, ecological and ioduclion iequiie-
menls; ieaiing slelcles, diagiams, illuslialions, animalions, lans, mas, clails, samles
and models lo communicale design concels and ollei inloimalion; analysing lologials,
salellile imageiy, suivey documenls and dala, mas, iecoids, ieoils and slalislics; undei-
laling ieseaicl and analysing lunclional, salial, commeicial, culluial, salely, enviionmenlal
and aesllelic iequiiemenls.
2161 BuiIdingArchitects
2162 Landscape Architects
2163 Product and Sarment Designers
2164 Town and Trafc PIanners
2165 Cartographers and 5urveyors
2166 Sraphic and MuItimedia Designers
Unit0rcup2161
BuiIdingArchitects
Building architects design commercial, indus-
trial, institutional, residential and recreational
buildings and plan and monitor their construc-
tion, maintenance and rehabilitation.
Tasls include
(a) develoing new oi imioved aiclilecluial
lleoiies and mellods;
(b) inspecting sites and consulting clients, man-
agement and other stakeholders to determine
type, style and size of proposed buildings
and alleialions lo exisling Luildings;
(c) ioviding inloimalion iegaiding designs,
maleiials and eslimaled Luilding limes;
(d) preparing project documentation, including
sketches and scale drawings, and integrating
structural, mechanical and aesthetic elements
in lnal designs;
(e) writing specifications and contract docu-
ments for use by builders and calling tenders
on Lelall ol clienls;
(f) making necessary contacts to ensure feasi-
bility of projects regarding style, cost, timing
and comliance will iegulalions;
(g) identifying and finding best solutions for
ioLlems iegaiding lunclion and qualily
ol inleiioi enviionmenls ol Luildings and
making necessary designs, drawings and
lans;
(h) monitoring construction or rehabilitation
work to ensure compliance with specica-
lions and qualily slandaids;
(i) maintaining technical liaison and consul-
lancy will ollei ielevanl secialisls.
y Building architect
y Interior architect
y Iandscae aiclilecl 2162
y !nleiioi decoialoi 3432
y !nleiioi designei 3432
Unit0rcup2162
Landscape Architects
Landscape architects plan and design landscapes
and open spaces for projects such as parks,
sclools, inslilulions, ioads and exleinal aieas
for commercial, industrial and residential sites,
and plan and monitor their construction, main-
tenance and rehabilitation.
Tasls include
(a) develoing new oi imioved lleoiies and
mellods and ioviding advice on olicy ie-
laled lo landscae aiclilecluie;
(b) inspecting sites and consulting clients, man-
agement and other stakeholders to determine
type, style and size of proposed buildings,
ails, ioads and ollei oen saces;
(c) compiling and analysing site and commu-
nity data about geographical and ecological
lealuies, landloims, soils, vegelalion, sile
lydiology, visual claiacleiislics and luman-
made structures, to formulate land use and
develomenl iecommendalions, leasiLilily
sludies and enviionmenlal imacl slalemenls;
(d) preparing reports, strategic plans, site plans,
working drawings, specifications and cost
eslimales loi land develomenl, slowing loca-
tion and details of proposals, including ground
modelling, sliucluies, vegelalion and access;
(e) writing specifications and contract docu-
menls loi use Ly Luildeis and civil engi-
neering contractors and calling tenders on
Lelall ol clienls;
(f) making necessary contacts to ensure feasi-
bility of projects regarding style, cost, timing
(g) identifying and finding best solutions for
ioLlems iegaiding lunclion and qualily ol
exleiioi enviionmenls and maling necessaiy
designs, diawings and lans;
(h) monitoring construction or rehabilitation
work to ensure compliance with specica-
lions and qualily slandaids;
(i) maintaining technical liaison and consul-
y Landscape architect
y Building aiclilecl 2161
y \iLan lannei 2164
Unit0rcup2163
Product and Sarment Designers

Product and garment designers design and de-
velo ioducls loi manulacluie and ieaie
designs and specications of products for mass,
Lalcl and one-o ioduclion.
Tasls include
(a) deleimining lle oLjeclives and consliainls
of the design brief by consulting with clients
and slaleloldeis;
(b) formulating design concepts for clothing,
lexliles, indusliial, commeicial and con-
sumei ioducls, and jewelleiy;
(c) harmonizing aesthetic considerations with
technical, functional, ecological and produc-
lion iequiiemenls;
(d) preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations,
plans, samples and models to communicate
design concels;
(e) negotiating design solutions with clients, man-
agemenl, and sales and manulacluiing sla;
(f) selecting, specifying and recommending
functional and aesthetic materials, produc-
lion mellods and lnisles loi manulacluie;
(g) detailing and documenting the selected
design loi ioduclion;
(h) preparing and commissioning prototypes
and samles;
(i) sueivising lle ieaialion ol alleins, io-
grammes and tooling, and of the manufac-
turing process.
y Costume designer
y Fashion designer
y Industrial designer
y Jewellery designer
y Lngine designei 2144
Unit0rcup2164
Town and Trafc PIanners

Town and liamc lanneis develo and imlemenl
plans and policies for the controlled use of urban
and iuial land and loi liamc syslems. Tley con-
ducl ieseaicl and iovide advice on economic,
enviionmenlal and social laclois aecling land
use and liamc ows.
Tasls include
(a) lanning layoul and cooidinaling develo-
menl ol uiLan aieas;
(b) compiling and analysing data on economic,
legal, political, cultural, demographic, socio-
logical, lysical and enviionmenlal laclois
aecling land use;
(c) conleiiing will goveinmenl aulloiilies,
communities and specialists in elds such as
architecture, planning, social science, the en-
viionmenl and lle law;
(d) devising and iecommending use and devel-
omenl ol land, and iesenling naiialive and
graphic plans, programmes and designs to
gious and individuals;
(e) advising goveinmenls, comanies and com-
munities on urban and regional planning
issues and ioosals;
(l) ieviewing and evalualing enviionmenlal
imacl ieoils;
(g) lanning and cooidinaling lle develomenl ol
land areas for parks, schools, institutions, air-
ports, roadways and related projects, and for
commeicial, indusliial and iesidenlial siles;
(l) lanning and advising on iouling and conliol
of road trafc and public transportation sys-
tems for efciency and safety.
y Land planner
y Tiamc lannei
y Urban planner
Unit0rcup2165
Cartographers and 5urveyors

Cailogialeis and suiveyois deleimine lle exacl
osilion ol, oi ieaie and ievise digilal, gialic
and icloiial mas, clails oi ollei visual ie-
resentation of, natural and constructed features
and boundaries of land, seas, underground areas
and celestial bodies, applying scientific and
mathematical principles.
Tasls include
(a) suiveying, measuiing and desciiLing land
surfaces, mines, underground surfaces and
sea, iivei and lale Leds;
(L) noling exacl osilion ol vaiious lealuies and
iecoiding suivey dala in digilal loim;
(c) making charts and maps to be used in deter-
mining navigaLle waleis and clannels and in
lanning consliuclion ol maiine sliucluies;
(d) planning and conducting aerial photographic
suiveys;
(e) designing, comiling and ievising mas and
charts using aerial and other photographs,
salellile imageiy, suivey documenls and
dala, exisling mas and iecoids, ieoils and
slalislics;
(l) undeilaling ieseaicl and develomenl ol
suiveying and lologiammeliic measuie-
ment systems, cadastral systems and land
inloimalion syslems;
(g) sludying and advising on leclnical, aesllelic
and economic asecls ol ma ioduclion;
(h) maintaining technical liaison and consul-
y Aeiial suiveyoi
y Cadaslial suiveyoi
y Cartographer
y Hydiogialic suiveyoi
y Iand suiveyoi
y Mine suiveyoi
y Photogrammetrist
y Quanlily suiveyoi 2149
y Building suiveyoi 3112
y Maiine suiveyoi 3115
Unit0rcup2166
Sraphic and MuItimedia Designers

Gialic and mullimedia designeis design visual
and audiovisual conlenl loi lle communicalion
of information using print, lm, electronic, digital
and ollei loims ol visual and audio media. Tley
cieale gialics, secial eecls, animalion oi ollei
visual images loi use in comulei games, movies,
music videos, iinl media and adveilisemenls.
Tasls include
and slaleloldeis;
(b) undertaking research and analysing func-
lional communicalion iequiiemenls;
(c) formulating design concepts for the subject
lo Le communicaled;
(d) preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations
and layouls lo communicale design concels;
(e) designing comlex gialics and animalion
lo salisly lunclional, aesllelic and ciealive
iequiiemenls ol lle design Liiel;
(f) creating two-dimensional and three-dimen-
sional images depicting objects in motion or
illustrating a process, using computer anima-
lion oi modelling iogiammes;
(g) negotiating design solutions with clients,
managemenl and sales and ioduclion sla;
(h) selecting, specifying or recommending func-
tional and aesthetic materials and media for
uLlicalion, deliveiy oi dislay;
(i) detailing and documenting the selected
design loi ioduclion;
(j) sueivising oi caiiying oul ioduclion in lle
chosen media.
y Animaloi
y Commercial artist
y Computer games designer
y Digilal ailisl
y Gialic designei
y Illustrator
y Mullimedia designei
y Publication designer
y Website designer
y !nleiioi aiclilecl 2161
y Mullimedia develoei 2513
y WeL develoei 2513
y Visual ailisl 2651
Sub-ma|cr0rcup22
HeaIthProfessionaIs
Healll iolessionals conducl ieseaicl; imiove oi develo concels, lleoiies and oeialional
mellods; and aly scienlilc lnowledge ielaling lo medicine, nuising, denlisliy, veleiinaiy
medicine, pharmacy, and promotion of health. Competent performance in most occupations
in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: conducling ieseaicl
and obtaining scientic knowledge through the study of human and animal disorders and ill-
nesses and ways ol liealing llem; advising on oi alying ievenlive and cuialive measuies,
oi iomoling lealll; ieaiing scienlilc aeis and ieoils. Sueivision ol ollei woileis
may be included.
221 MedicaIDoctors
222 Nursing and Midwifery ProfessionaIs
223 TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine ProfessionaIs
224 ParamedicaI Practitioners
225Veterinarians
226DtherHeaIthProfessionaIs
Note
In using ISCO in applications that seek to identify, describe or measure the health workforce, it should
be noted that a number of professions considered to be a part of the health workforce are classied in
gious ollei llan SuL-majoi Giou 22: Healll Piolessionals. Sucl occualions include Lul aie nol
iesliicled lo: addiclions counsellois, Liomedical engineeis, clinical syclologisls and medical lysicisls.
Mincr0rcup221
MedicaIDoctors
Medical doclois (lysicians) sludy, diagnose, lieal and ievenl illness, disease, injuiy and
other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of the principles
and ioceduies ol modein medicine. Tley lan, sueivise and evaluale lle imlemenlalion
ol caie and liealmenl lans Ly ollei lealll caie iovideis, and conducl medical educalion
and ieseaicl aclivilies.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: conducling lysical examinalions ol alienls and inlei-
viewing llem and lleii lamilies lo deleimine lleii lealll slalus; oideiing diagnoslic lesls
and analysing lndings; iesciiLing and adminisleiing cuialive liealmenls and ievenlive
measuies; eiloiming suigeiy and ollei clinical ioceduies; moniloiing alienls` iogiess
and iesonse lo liealmenl; advising on lealll, nuliilion and lileslyle Lelaviouis wlicl aid
ievenlion oi liealmenl ol disease and disoideis; idenlilying and managing comlicalions
Leloie, duiing and allei clildLiill; lanning, managing and imlemenling ieleiial lans loi
alienls in need ol secialized, long-leim oi ollei lyes ol lealll caie seivices; exclanging
medical inloimalion will ollei lealll iolessionals lo ensuie conlinuing and comielensive
caie; ieoiling Liills, dealls and nolilaLle diseases lo goveinmenl aulloiilies; conducling
ieseaicl inlo luman disoideis and illnesses and ievenlive oi cuialive mellods.
2211 SeneraIistMedicaIPractitioners
2212 5peciaIist MedicaI Practitioners
Unit0rcup2211
SeneraIistMedicaIPractitioners
Geneialisl medical iaclilioneis (including
family and primary care doctors) diagnose, treat
and ievenl illness, disease, injuiy and ollei
physical and mental impairments and maintain
general health in humans through application of
the principles and procedures of modern medi-
cine. Tley do nol limil lleii iaclice lo ceilain
disease categories or methods of treatment, and
may assume iesonsiLilily loi lle iovision ol
conlinuing and comielensive medical caie lo
individuals, lamilies and communilies.
Tasls include
(a) conducling lysical examinalions ol alienls
and inleiviewing llem and lleii lamilies lo
deleimine lleii lealll slalus;
(b) ordering laboratory tests, X-rays and other di-
agnostic procedures and analysing ndings to
deleimine lle naluie ol disoideis oi illnesses;
(c) ioviding conlinuing medical caie loi a-
tients including prescribing, administering,
counselling on and moniloiing cuialive
liealmenls and ievenlive measuies;
(d) performing surgery and other clinical pro-
ceduies;
(e) advising individuals, lamilies and communi-
ties on health, nutrition and lifestyle which
aid ievenlion oi liealmenl ol disease and
disoideis;
(l) ioviding ieleiials lo alienls and lamilies
for specialized care in hospitals, rehabil-
itation centres or other types of health care
cenlies;
(g) idenlilying, managing and ioviding ielei-
rals for complications before, during and
allei clildLiill;
(h) recording patients medical information and
lisloiy and exclanging inloimalion will
specialist practitioners and other health
woileis as iequiied loi conlinuing medical
caie;
(i) reporting births, deaths and notiable dis-
eases lo goveinmenl aulloiilies lo meel legal
and iolessional iequiiemenls;
(j) conducting research in human health and
medical seivices and disseminaling lle lnd-
ings sucl as lliougl scienlilc ieoils;
(k) planning and participating in programmes
designed lo ievenl lle occuiience and
spread of common diseases.
y Disliicl medical docloilleiaisl
y Family medical practitioner
y Geneial iaclilionei
y Medical docloi (geneial)
y Medical omcei (geneial)
y Physician (general)
y Primary health care physician
y Resident medical ofcer specializing in
general practice
y Psyclialiisl 2212
y Secialisl lysician 2212
y Suigeon 2212
y Clinical omcei (aiamedical) 2240
y !eldsclei 2240
Note
Occualions included in llis unil giou iequiie comle-
lion ol a univeisily-level degiee in Lasic medical edu-
calion lus oslgiaduale clinical liaining oi equivalenl
loi comelenl eiloimance. Medical inleins oi iesidenls
wlo lave comleled lleii univeisily educalion in Lasic
medical education and are undertaking postgraduate
clinical training in general medicine without any area
ol secializalion aie included leie. Alllougl in some
counliies geneial iaclice and lamily medicine may
be considered as medical specializations, these occupa-
tions should always be classied here.
Unit0rcup2212
5peciaIist MedicaI Practitioners

Specialist medical practitioners (medical doc-
lois) diagnose, lieal and ievenl illness, disease,
injury and other physical and mental impair-
ments in humans, using specialized testing and
diagnostic, medical, surgical, physical and psy-
clialiic leclniques lliougl alicalion ol lle
principles and procedures of modern medicine.
Tley secialize in ceilain disease calegoiies,
types of patient or methods of treatment and
may conduct medical education and research in
their chosen areas of specialization.
Tasls include
(L) consideiing medical inloimalion iovided Ly
a referring doctor or other health care pro-
videi;
(c) ordering specialized diagnostic tests to deter-
mine lle naluie ol disoideis oi illnesses;
(d) prescribing, administering and monitoring
patients responses to treatments, medica-
tions, anaesthetics, psychotherapies, physical
rehabilitation programmes and other pre-
venlive and cuialive measuies;
(e) performing surgery of a general or special-
ized naluie;
(f) managing complications before, during and
allei clildLiill;
(g) recording patients medical information and
exclanging inloimalion will ollei lealll
iolessionals lo ensuie lle iovision ol com-
ielensive caie;
(h) reporting births, deaths and notiable dis-
and iolessional iequiiemenls;
(i) ioviding inloimalion lo alienls and lam-
ilies and communilies aLoul ievenlive meas-
uies, liealmenl and caie loi secilc ailmenls;
(j) performing autopsies to determine cause of
deall;
(k) conducting research into specic human dis-
oideis and illnesses and ievenlive oi cuia-
live mellods and disseminaling lle lndings
sucl as lliougl scienlilc ieoils;
(l) planning and participating in programmes
designed lo ievenl lle occuiience and
spread of specic diseases.
y Anaesllelisl
y Cardiologist
y Emergency medicine specialist
y Gynaecologisl
y Obstetrician
y Ophthalmologist
y Paediatrician
y Pathologist
y Pievenlive medicine secialisl
y Psychiatrist
y Radiation oncologist
y Radiologist
y Resident medical ofcer in specialist
training
y Specialist medical practitioner (public
health)
y Specialist physician (internal medicine)
y Specialist physician (nuclear medicine)
y Surgeon
y Biomedical ieseaiclei 2131
y Geneial iaclilionei 2211
y Resident medical ofcer specializing in
geneial iaclice 2211
y Denlal iaclilionei 2261
y Denlal suigeon 2261
y Oial and maxillolacial suigeon 2261
y Clinical syclologisl 2634
Notes
Occualions included in llis unil giou iequiie comle-
lion ol a univeisily-level degiee in Lasic medical edu-
cation plus postgraduate clinical training in a medical
secializalion (excel geneial iaclice) oi equivalenl.
Resident medical ofcers and interns training as spe-
cialisl iaclilioneis (excel geneial iaclice) aie included
leie. Alllougl in some counliies slomalology may Le
considered as a medical specialization, stomatologists
slould Le included in \nil Giou 2261: Denlisls.
Medical ieseaicl iolessionals wlo ailiciale in
Liomedical ieseaicl using living oiganisms and do
not undertake clinical practice are classified in Unit
Giou2131: Biologisls, Bolanisls, Zoologisls and Relaled
Professionals.
Mincr0rcup222
Nursing and Midwifery ProfessionaIs
uising and midwileiy iolessionals iovide liealmenl and caie seivices loi eole wlo
are physically or mentally ill, disabled or inrm, and others in need of care due to potential
iisls lo lealll including Leloie, duiing and allei clildLiill. Tley assume iesonsiLilily loi
lle lanning, managemenl and evalualion ol lle caie ol alienls, including lle sueivision
of other health care workers, working autonomously or in teams with medical doctors and
olleis in lle iaclical alicalion ol ievenlive and cuialive measuies.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assessing, lanning, ioviding and evalualing nuising
and midwifery care for patients according to the practice and standards of modern nursing
and midwileiy; cooidinaling lle caie ol alienls in consullalion will ollei lealll ioles-
sionals and memLeis ol lealll leams; develoing and imlemenling caie lans, liealmenls
and lleiaies, including adminisleiing medicalions; moniloiing and allevialing ain and
discomloil exeiienced Ly alienls using a vaiiely ol lleiaies, including lle use ol ain-
lilling diugs; moniloiing alienls` lealll condilion, including iogiess ol iegnancy and
iesonses lo cuialive liealmenl; ioviding inloimalion lo alienls, lamilies and commu-
nilies aLoul a iange ol lealll issues, including ievenlion ol illness, liealmenl and caie,
iegnancy and clildLiill and ollei loics; sueivising and cooidinaling lle woil ol ollei
lealll caie woileis; conducling ieseaicl on nuising and midwileiy iaclice and ieaiing
2221NursingProfessionaIs
2222 Midwifery ProfessionaIs
Note
Tle dislinclions Lelween nuising and midwileiy iolessionals and associale iolessionals slould Le
made on the basis of the nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specied in this denition
and in lle ielevanl unil giou delnilions. Tle qualilcalions leld Ly individuals oi llal iedominale in
the country are not the main factor in making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses and
midwives vaiy widely Lelween counliies and lave vaiied ovei lime willin counliies.
Unit0rcup2221
NursingProfessionaIs
uising iolessionals iovide liealmenl, suoil
and caie seivices loi eole wlo aie in need ol
nuising caie due lo lle eecls ol ageing, injuiy,
illness or other physical or mental impairment,
oi olenlial iisls lo lealll. Tley assume ieson-
sibility for the planning and management of the
caie ol alienls, including lle sueivision ol
other health care workers, working autonomously
or in teams with medical doctors and others in
lle iaclical alicalion ol ievenlive and cuia-
live measuies.
Tasls include
(a) lanning, ioviding and evalualing nuising
care for patients according to the practice
and slandaids ol modein nuising;
(b) coordinating the care of patients in consult-
ation with other health professionals and
memLeis ol lealll leams;
(c) develoing and imlemenling caie lans loi
the biological, social and psychological treat-
ment of patients in collaboration with other
lealll iolessionals;
(d) lanning and ioviding eisonal caie, lieal-
ments and therapies including administering
medications, and monitoring responses to
liealmenl oi caie lan;
(e) cleaning wounds and applying surgical dress-
ings and Landages;
(l) moniloiing ain and discomloil exeii-
enced Ly alienls and allevialing ain using
a vaiiely ol lleiaies, including lle use ol
ainlilling diugs;
(g) planning and participating in health edu-
cation programmes, health promotion and
nuise educalion aclivilies in clinical and
communily sellings;
(l) answeiing queslions liom alienls and lam-
ilies and ioviding inloimalion aLoul ie-
venlion ol ill-lealll, liealmenl and caie;
(i) sueivising and cooidinaling lle woil ol ollei
nuising, lealll and eisonal caie woileis;
(j) conducting research on nursing practices and
procedures and disseminating ndings such
as through scientic papers and reports.
y Clinical nurse consultant
y Disliicl nuise
y Nurse anaesthetist
y Nurse educator
y Nurse practitioner
y Operating theatre nurse
y Professional nurse
y Public health nurse
y Specialist nurse
y Piolessional midwile 2222
y Paiamedical iaclilionei 2240
y \niveisily lecluiei 2310
y Vocalional educalion leaclei 2320
y Associale iolessional nuise 3221
y Associale iolessional midwile 3222
y uising aide (clinic oi losilal) 5321
Notes
Tle dislinclion Lelween iolessional and associale
professional nurses should be made on the basis of the
nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks
seciled in llis delnilion. Tle qualilcalions leld Ly
individuals oi llal iedominale in lle counliy aie nol
the main factor in making this distinction, as training
aiiangemenls loi nuises vaiy widely Lelween counliies
and lave vaiied ovei lime willin counliies.
Nurses who combine nursing education or research
with clinical nursing practice are classified in Unit
Giou 2221: uising Piolessionals. uising ieseaicleis
wlo ailiciale in Liomedical ieseaicl using living oi-
ganisms and do not undertake clinical nursing practice
aie classiled in \nil Giou 2131: Biologisls, Bolanisls,
Zoologists and Related Professionals.
Unit0rcup2222
Midwifery ProfessionaIs
Midwileiy iolessionals lan, manage, iovide
and evaluale midwileiy caie seivices Leloie,
duiing and allei iegnancy and clildLiill. Tley
iovide deliveiy caie loi ieducing lealll iisls lo
women and newborn children, working autono-
mously or in teams with other health care pro-
videis.
Tasls include
(a) lanning, ioviding and evalualing caie
and suoil seivices loi women and LaLies
before, during and after pregnancy and child-
birth according to the practice and standards
ol modein midwileiy caie;
(L) ioviding advice lo women and lamilies
and conducting community education on
lealll, nuliilion, lygiene, exeicise, Liill and
emergency plans, breastfeeding, infant care,
family planning and contraception, lifestyle
and other topics related to pregnancy and
clildLiill;
(c) assessing progress during pregnancy and
childbirth, managing complications and rec-
ognizing waining signs iequiiing ieleiial lo
a medical doctor with specialized skills in
oLsleliics;
(d) monitoring the health status of newborns,
managing complications and recognizing
waining signs iequiiing ieleiial lo a medical
docloi will secialized slills in neonalology;
(e) moniloiing ain and discomloil exeiienced
Ly women duiing laLoui and deliveiy and
allevialing ain using a vaiiely ol lleiaies,
including lle use ol ainlilling diugs;
(l) ieoiling Liills lo goveinmenl aulloiilies lo
meel legal and iolessional iequiiemenls;
(g) conducting research on midwifery practices
and procedures and disseminating ndings
sucl as lliougl scienlilc aeis and ieoils;
(h) planning and conducting midwifery edu-
calion aclivilies in clinical and communily
settings.
y Professional midwife
y Piolessional nuise 2221
y Associale iolessional nuise 3221
Notes
Tle dislinclions Lelween nuising and midwileiy ioles-
sionals and associate professionals should be made on
the basis of the nature of the work performed in rela-
lion lo lle lasls seciled in llis delnilion. Tle quali-
lcalions leld Ly individuals oi llal iedominale in lle
country are not the main factor in making this distinc-
lion, as liaining aiiangemenls loi nuises and midwives
vaiy widely Lelween counliies and lave vaiied ovei lime
within countries.
Midwives wlo comLine midwileiy educalion oi ie-
search with clinical midwifery practice are classied in
\nil Giou 2222: Midwileiy Piolessionals.
Mincr0rcup223
TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine ProfessionaIs
Tiadilional and comlemenlaiy medicine iolessionals examine alienls; ievenl and lieal ill-
ness, disease, injuiy and ollei lysical and menlal imaiimenls; and mainlain geneial lealll
in lumans Ly alying lnowledge, slills and iaclices acquiied lliougl exlensive sludy ol
lle lleoiies, Leliels and exeiiences oiiginaling in secilc culluies.
viewing llem and lleii lamilies lo deleimine lleii lealll slalus; develoing and imlemenling
treatment plans for physical, mental and psychosocial ailments using applications such as
acuuncluie, ayuivedic, lomeoallic and leiLal medicine; evalualing and documenling a-
lienls` iogiess lliougl liealmenl lans; ioviding lealll, nuliilion and lileslyle advice lo
individuals, lamilies and communilies; iesciiLing and ieaiing liadilional medicines, sucl
as leiLal, lanl, mineial and animal exliacls, lo slimulale lle Lody`s caacily loi sell-lealing;
exclanging inloimalion aLoul alienls will ollei lealll caie woileis as needed lo ensuie
conlinuing and comielensive lealll caie; conducling ieseaicl inlo liadilional and com-
plementary medicines and treatments and disseminating ndings such as through scientic
papers and reports.
2230 TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine ProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup2230
TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine

ProfessionaIs
Tiadilional and comlemenlaiy medicine io-
lessionals examine alienls, ievenl and lieal
illness, disease, injury and other physical and
mental impairments and maintain general health
in humans by applying knowledge, skills and
iaclices acquiied lliougl exlensive sludy ol
lle lleoiies, Leliels and exeiiences oiiginaling
in specic cultures.
Tasls include
(L) develoing and imlemenling liealmenl lans
for physical, mental and psychosocial ailments
using applications such as acupuncture, ayur-
vedic, lomeoallic and leiLal medicine;
(c) evalualing and documenling alienls` io-
giess lliougl liealmenl lans;
(d) ioviding lealll, nuliilion and lileslyle advice
lo individuals, lamilies and communilies;
(e) prescribing and preparing traditional medi-
cines, such as herbal, plant, mineral and
animal exliacls, lo slimulale lle Lody`s ca-
acily loi sell-lealing;
(l) exclanging inloimalion aLoul alienls will
other health care workers as needed to ensure
conlinuing and comielensive lealll caie;
(g) conducting research into traditional and
complementary medicines and treatments
and disseminating ndings such as through
y Acuuncluiisl
y Ayuivedic iaclilionei
y Chinese herbal medicine practitioner
y Homeopath
y Naturopath
y Unani practitioner
y Cliioiacloi 2269
y Osleoall 2269
y Acuuncluie leclnician 3230
y Ayuivedic leclnician 3230
y HeiLalisl 3230
y Homeoally leclnician 3230
y Sciaing and cuing lleiaisl 3230
y Village lealei 3230
y Wilcl docloi 3230
y Acuiessuie lleiaisl 3255
y Hydiolleiaisl 3255
y Slialsu lleiaisl 3255
y !aill lealei 3413
Note
Occupations in traditional and complementary medicine
loi wlicl comelenl eiloimance iequiies an exlensive
understanding of the benets and applications of trad-
ilional and comlemenlaiy lleiaies, develoed as lle
iesull ol exlended loimal sludy ol llese leclniques as
well as human anatomy and elements of modern medi-
cine, aie classiled in \nil Giou 2230: Tiadilional and
Comlemenlaiy Medicine Piolessionals. Tlose occu-
alions wlose iaclice iequiies a less exlensive undei-
slanding Lased on ielalively sloil eiiods ol loimal oi
informal education and training, or informally through
the traditions and practices of the communities where
lley oiiginaled, aie included in \nil Giou 3230: Tiad-
ilional and Comlemenlaiy Medicine Associale Pioles-
sionals. Practitioners working in the singular application
of approaches to herbal medicines, spiritual therapies or
manual lleiaeulic leclniques aie excluded liom \nil
Giou 2230.
Mincr0rcup224
ParamedicaI Practitioners
Paiamedical iaclilioneis iovide advisoiy, diagnoslic, cuialive and ievenlive medical sei-
vices moie limiled in scoe and comlexily llan llose caiiied oul Ly medical doclois. Tley
woil aulonomously oi will limiled sueivision ol medical doclois, and aly advanced clin-
ical ioceduies loi liealing and ievenling diseases, injuiies and ollei lysical oi menlal
impairments common to specic communities.
viewing llem and lleii lamilies lo deleimine lleii lealll slalus and iecoiding alienls` med-
ical inloimalion; eiloiming Lasic oi moie iouline medical and suigical ioceduies, including
iesciiLing and adminisleiing liealmenls, medicalions and ollei ievenlive oi cuialive meas-
uies, esecially loi common diseases and disoideis; adminisleiing oi oideiing diagnoslic lesls,
sucl as X-iay, elecliocaidiogiam and laLoialoiy lesls; eiloiming lleiaeulic ioceduies sucl
as injeclions, immunizalions, suluiing and wound caie, and inleclion managemenl; assisling
medical doclois will comlex suigical ioceduies; moniloiing alienls` iogiess and iesonse
lo liealmenl, and idenlilying signs and symloms iequiiing ieleiial lo medical doclois; ad-
vising alienls and lamilies on diel, exeicise and ollei laLils wlicl aid ievenlion oi liealmenl
ol disease and disoideis; idenlilying and ieleiiing comlex oi unusual cases lo medical doclois,
losilals oi ollei laces loi secialized caie; ieoiling Liills, dealls and nolilaLle diseases lo
goveinmenl aulloiilies lo meel legal and iolessional ieoiling iequiiemenls.
2240 ParamedicaI Practitioners
Unit0rcup2240
ParamedicaI Practitioners
Paiamedical iaclilioneis iovide advisoiy,
diagnoslic, cuialive and ievenlive medical
seivices moie limiled in scoe and comlexily
llan llose caiiied oul Ly medical doclois. Tley
woil aulonomously, oi will limiled sueivision
ol medical doclois, and aly advanced clinical
ioceduies loi liealing and ievenling diseases,
injuries and other physical or mental impair-
ments common to specic communities.
Tasls include
determine their health status, and recording
alienls` medical inloimalion;
(b) performing basic or more routine medical and
surgical procedures, including prescribing
and administering treatments, medications
and ollei ievenlive oi cuialive measuies,
especially for common diseases and disor-
deis;
(c) administering or ordering diagnostic tests,
such as X-ray, electrocardiogram and labo-
ialoiy lesls;
(d) performing therapeutic procedures such
as injections, immunizations, suturing and
wound caie, and inleclion managemenl;
(e) assisling medical doclois will comlex sui-
gical ioceduies;
(f) monitoring patients progress and response
to treatment, and identifying signs and symp-
loms iequiiing ieleiial lo medical doclois;
(g) advising alienls and lamilies on diel, exei-
cise and ollei laLils wlicl aid ievenlion oi
liealmenl ol disease and disoideis;
(l) idenlilying and ieleiiing comlex oi unusual
cases to medical doctors, hospitals or other
laces loi secialized caie;
(i) reporting births, deaths and notiable dis-
and iolessional ieoiling iequiiemenls.
y Advanced caie aiamedic
y Clinical ofcer (paramedical)
y Feldscher
y Primary care paramedic
y Surgical technician
y Geneial iaclilionei 2211
y Suigeon 2212
y Medical assislanl 3256
y Lmeigency aiamedic 3258
Note
Occualions included in llis unil giou noimally iequiie
comlelion ol leiliaiy-level liaining in lleoielical and
iaclical medical seivices. Woileis ioviding seivices
limited to emergency treatment and ambulance practice
aie classiled in \nil Giou 3258: AmLulance Woileis.
Mincr0rcup225
Veterinarians
Veleiinaiians diagnose, ievenl and lieal diseases, injuiies and dyslunclions ol animals. Tley
may iovide caie lo a wide iange ol animals; secialize in lle liealmenl ol a ailiculai animal
giou oi in a ailiculai aiea ol secializalion; oi iovide iolessional seivices lo commeicial
rms producing biological and pharmaceutical products.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: deleimining lle iesence and naluie ol aLnoimal condi-
lions Ly lysical examinalion, laLoialoiy lesling and lliougl diagnoslic imaging leclniques
including iadiogialy and ulliasound; liealing animals medically and suigically, and ad-
minisleiing and iesciiLing diugs, analgesics, and geneial and local anaesllelics; eiloiming
suigeiy, diessing wounds and selling Liolen Lones; iendeiing oLsleliic seivices lo animals;
ailicialing in iogiammes designed lo ievenl lle occuiience and siead ol animal dis-
eases; inoculaling animals againsl, and lesling loi, inleclious diseases and nolilying aulloiilies
ol oulLieals ol inleclious animal diseases; eiloiming aulosies lo deleimine cause ol deall;
advising clienls on lealll, nuliilion and leeding, lygiene, Lieeding and caie ol animals.
2250Veterinarians
Unit0rcup2250
Veterinarians
Veleiinaiians diagnose, ievenl and lieal dis-
eases, injuiies and dyslunclions ol animals. Tley
may iovide caie lo a wide iange ol animals oi
specialize in the treatment of a particular animal
giou oi in a ailiculai secialily aiea, oi iovide
iolessional seivices lo commeicial lims io-
ducing biological and pharmaceutical products.
Tasls include
(a) determining the presence and nature of ab-
noimal condilions Ly lysical examinalion,
laboratory testing and through diagnostic
imaging leclniques including iadiogialy
and ulliasound;
(b) treating animals medically and surgically,
and administering and prescribing drugs, an-
algesics, and geneial and local anaesllelics;
(c) performing surgery, dressing wounds and
selling Liolen Lones;
(d) iendeiing oLsleliic and denlal seivices lo
animals;
(e) participating in programmes designed to
ievenl lle occuiience and siead ol animal
diseases;
(f) inoculating animals against, and testing for,
infectious diseases and notifying authorities
ol oulLieals ol inleclious animal diseases;
(g) performing autopsies to determine cause of
deall;
(l) advising clienls on lealll, nuliilion and
feeding, hygiene, breeding and care of ani-
mals;
(i) ioviding eullanasia seivices loi animals.
y Animal allologisl
y Veterinarian
y Veterinary epidemiologist
y Veterinary intern
y Veterinary surgeon
Mincr0rcup226
DtherHeaIthProfessionaIs
Ollei lealll iolessionals iovide lealll seivices ielaled lo denlisliy, laimacy, enviion-
mental health and hygiene, occupational health and safety, physiotherapy, nutrition, hearing,
seecl, vision and ielaLililalion lleiaies. Tlis minoi giou includes all luman lealll io-
lessionals excel doclois, liadilional and comlemenlaiy medicine iaclilioneis, nuises, mid-
wives and aiamedical iolessionals.
Tasls eiloimed may include: assessing alienls oi clienls lo deleimine lle naluie ol lle dis-
oidei, illness oi ioLlem; develoing and imlemenling liealmenl lans and evalualing and
documenling alienls` iogiess; diagnosing and liealing diseases, injuiies and malloimalions
ol lle leell, moull, jaws and associaled lissues; sloiing, ieseiving, comounding, lesling and
disensing medicinal ioducls and counselling on lleii ioei use and adveise eecls; assessing,
lanning and imlemenling iogiammes lo iecognize, moniloi and conliol enviionmenlal lac-
lois llal can olenlially aecl luman lealll, lo imiove oi iesloie luman moloi lunclions,
maximize movemenl aLilily, ielieve ain syndiomes, oi lo enlance lle imacl ol lood and nu-
liilion on luman lealll; diagnosing, managing and liealing lysical disoideis aecling luman
leaiing, communicalion oi swallowing, oi disoideis ol lle eyes and visual syslem; advising clienls
aLoul conlinued liealmenl and caie and ioviding oi aiianging ielaLililalion seivices; ieleiiing
clienls lo oi conleiiing will ollei lealll iolessionals oi associale iolessionals il iequiied.
2261Dentists
2262 Pharmacists
2263 EnvironmentaI and DccupationaI HeaIth and Hygiene ProfessionaIs
2264 Physiotherapists
2265DieticiansandNutritionists
2266 AudioIogists and 5peech Therapists
2267 Dptometrists and DphthaImic Dpticians
2269 HeaIth ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup2261
Dentists
Denlisls diagnose, lieal and ievenl diseases,
injuries and abnormalities of the teeth, mouth,
jaws and associated tissues by applying the prin-
ciles and ioceduies ol modein denlisliy. Tley
use a broad range of specialized diagnostic, sur-
gical and ollei leclniques lo iomole and ie-
store oral health.
Tasls include
(a) diagnosing diseases, injuries, irregularities
and malformations of teeth and associated
structures in the mouth and jaw using a
range of methods such as radiographs, sali-
vaiy lesls and medical lisloiies;
(L) ioviding ievenlalive oial lealll caie sucl
as eiiodonlal liealmenls, uoiide alica-
lions and oial lealll iomolion;
(c) administering anaesthetics to limit the
amounl ol ain exeiienced Ly alienls
duiing ioceduies;
(d) prescribing medication for relief of ongoing
ain allei ioceduies;
(e) ioviding iesloialive oial caie sucl as im-
lanls, comlex ciown and Liidge ieslo-
rations and orthodontics, and repairing
damaged and decayed leell;
(l) ioviding suigical liealmenls sucl as exliac-
tion of teeth and biopsy of tissue, and per-
loiming oillodonlic liealmenl;
(g) measuring and taking impressions of pa-
tients jaws and teeth in order to determine
lle slae and size ol denlal ioslleses;
(h) designing, making and tting prosthodontic
appliances such as space maintainers, bridges
and dentures, or writing fabrication instruc-
tions or prescriptions for dental prosthetic
leclnicians;
(i) iesloiing oial lunclion will iemovaLle and
lxed oial ioslleses;
(j) assisting in diagnosing general diseases
laving oial manileslalions sucl as diaLeles;
(k) educating patients and families on dental hy-
giene, nutrition and other measures to take
caie ol oial lealll;
(l) sueivising denlal lygienisls, denlal assis-
lanls and ollei sla.
y Denlal iaclilionei
y Denlal suigeon
y Denlisl
y Endodontist
y Oial and maxillolacial suigeon
y Oral pathologist
y Orthodontist
y Paedodontist
y Periodontist
y Prosthodontist
y Stomatologist
Note
Occualions included in llis calegoiy noimally iequiie
comlelion ol univeisily-level liaining in lleoielical and
iaclical denlisliy oi a ielaled leld. Alllougl in some
counliies slomalology and denlal, oial and maxillo-
lacial suigeiy may Le consideied as medical seciali-
zations, occupations in these fields should always be
classied here.
Unit0rcup2262
Pharmacists
Plaimacisls sloie, ieseive, comound and
dispense medicinal products and counsel on
lle ioei use and adveise eecls ol diugs and
medicines following prescriptions issued by med-
ical doclois and ollei lealll iolessionals. Tley
contribute to researching, testing, preparing,
prescribing and monitoring medicinal therapies
for optimizing human health.
Tasls include
(a) ieceiving iesciilions loi medicinal iod-
ucts from medical doctors and other health
professionals, checking patients medicine
histories, and ensuring proper dosage and
methods of administration and drug compat-
iLilily Leloie disensing;
(L) ieaiing oi sueivising lle ieaialion
and laLelling ol liquid medicines, oinlmenls,
powders, tablets and other medications to ll
iesciilions;
(c) ioviding inloimalion and advice lo ie-
scribers and clients regarding drug interac-
tions, incompatibility and contraindications,
side eecls, dosage and ioei medicalion
sloiage;
(d) collaborating with other health care profes-
sionals lo lan, moniloi, ieview and evaluale
lle qualily and eecliveness ol lle medicine
lleiay ol individual alienls, and lle eecl-
iveness ol ailiculai diugs oi lleiaies;
(e) maintaining prescription les and recording
the issue of narcotics, poisons and habit-
forming drugs in accordance with legal and
iolessional iequiiemenls;
(l) sloiing and ieseiving vaccines, seiums and
ollei diugs suLjecl lo deleiioialion;
(g) advising clienls on and sulying non-ie-
scription medicines and diagnostic and ther-
aeulic aids loi common condilions;
(l) sueivising and cooidinaling lle woil ol
pharmacy technicians, pharmacy interns
and laimacy sales assislanls;
(i) conducling ieseaicl lo develo and imiove
pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and related
clemical ioducls;
(j) conferring with chemists, engineering profes-
sionals and other professionals about manu-
lacluiing leclniques and ingiedienls;
(k) testing and analysing drugs to determine
their identity, purity and strength in relation
lo seciled slandaids;
(l) evalualing laLels, aclaging and adveilising
ol diug ioducls;
(m) develoing inloimalion and iisls ol ai-
ticular drugs.
y Disensing clemisl
y Hospital pharmacist
y Industrial pharmacist
y Retail pharmacist
y Plaimacologisl 2131
y Plaimaceulical leclnician 3213
Unit0rcup2263
EnvironmentaI and DccupationaI HeaIth and

HygieneProfessionaIs
Lnviionmenlal and occualional lealll and ly-
giene professionals assess, plan and implement
programmes to recognize, monitor and con-
liol enviionmenlal laclois llal can olenlially
aecl luman lealll, lo ensuie sale and leallly
woiling condilions and lo ievenl disease oi
injury caused by chemical, physical, radiological
and biological agents or ergonomic factors.
Tasls include
(a) develoing, imlemenling and ieviewing io-
grammes and policies to minimize potential
enviionmenlal and occualional iisls lo
lealll and salely;
(b) preparing and implementing plans and strat-
egies for the safe, economic and suitable dis-
posal of commercial, industrial, medical and
louselold wasles;
(c) imlemenling ievenlion iogiammes and
strategies for communicable diseases, food
safety, wastewater treatment and disposal
systems, recreation and domestic water
qualily, and conlaminaled and lazaidous
suLslances;
(d) identifying, reporting and documenting haz-
ards, and assessing and controlling risks in
lle enviionmenl and woillace and advising
on comliance will ielevanl law and iegula-
lions;
programmes to minimize workplace and
enviionmenlal ollulion involving clemical,
lysical and Liological lazaids;
(l) advising on mellods lo ievenl, eliminale,
conliol oi ieduce lle exosuie ol woileis,
sludenls, lle uLlic and lle enviionmenl lo
iadiological and ollei lazaids;
(g) promoting ergonomic principles within
the workplace such as matching furniture,
equimenl and woil aclivilies lo lle needs
ol emloyees;
(l) ioviding educalion, inloimalion, liaining
and advice lo eisons al all levels on asecls
ol occualional lygiene and enviionmenlal
lealll;
(i) iecoiding and invesligaling injuiies and
equimenl damage, and ieoiling salely ei-
loimance;
(j) coordinating arrangements for the compen-
sation, rehabilitation and return to work of
injured workers.
y Lnviionmenlal lealll omcei
y Occualional lealll and salely advisei
y Occupational hygienist
y Radialion ioleclion exeil
y Lnviionmenlal ioleclion iolessional
2133
y Specialist medical practitioner (public
lealll) 2212
y Secialisl nuise (uLlic lealll) 2221
y Occualional lleiaisl 2269
y Healll insecloi 3257
y Occupational health and safety inspector
3257
y Sanilaiian 3257
y Sanilaiy insecloi 3257
Note
Professionals who assess, plan and implement pro-
grammes to monitor or control the impact of human ac-
livilies on lle enviionmenl aie classiled in \nil Giou
2133: Lnviionmenlal Pioleclion Piolessionals.
Unit0rcup2264
Physiotherapists
Physiotherapists assess, plan and implement re-
laLililalive iogiammes llal imiove oi iesloie
luman moloi lunclions, maximize movemenl
aLilily, ielieve ain syndiomes, and lieal oi ie-
venl lysical clallenges associaled will injuiies,
diseases and ollei imaiimenls. Tley aly a
Lioad iange ol lysical lleiaies and leclniques
sucl as movemenl, ulliasound, lealing, lasei and
ollei leclniques.
Tasls include
(a) adminisleiing muscle, neive, joinl lunclional
ability and other tests to identify and assess
lysical ioLlems ol alienls;
(b) establishing treatment goals with patients
and designing treatment programmes to
reduce physical pain, strengthen muscles,
imiove caidiolloiacic, caidiovasculai and
respiratory functions, restore joint mobility
and imiove Lalance and cooidinalion;
(c) develoing, imlemenling and moniloiing
programmes and treatments using the ther-
aeulic ioeilies ol exeicise, leal, cold,
massage, manipulation, hydrotherapy, elec-
liolleiay, ulliaviolel and inlia-ied ligll and
ulliasound in lle liealmenl ol alienls;
(d) instructing patients and their families in pro-
cedures to be continued outside clinical set-
lings;
(e) recording information on patients health
status and responses to treatment in medical
record-keeping systems, and sharing infor-
mation with other health professionals as
iequiied lo ensuie conlinuing and comie-
lensive caie;
(l) develoing and imlemenling iogiammes
loi scieening and ievenlion ol common
lysical ailmenls and disoideis;
(g) sueivising lle woil ol lysiolleiay assis-
tants and others.
y Geiialiic lysical lleiaisl
y Maniulalive lleiaisl
y Orthopaedic physical therapist
y Paediatric physical therapist
y Physical therapist
y Physiotherapist
y Cliioiacloi 2269
y Osleoall 2269
y Podialiisl 2269
y Massage lleiaisl 3255
y Plysiolleiay leclnician 3255
y Slialsu lleiaisl 3255
Unit0rcup2265
DieticiansandNutritionists
Dielicians and nuliilionisls assess, lan and im-
plement programmes to enhance the impact of
food and nutrition on human health.
Tasls include
(a) insliucling individuals, lamilies and com-
munities on nutrition, the planning of diets
and ieaialion ol lood lo maximize lealll
Lenells and ieduce olenlial iisls lo lealll;
(L) lanning diels and menus, sueivising lle
ieaialion and seiving ol meals, and moni-
loiing lood inlale and qualily lo iovide
nuliilional caie in sellings oeiing lood sei-
vices;
(c) compiling and assessing data relating to
lealll and nuliilional slalus ol individuals,
groups and communities based on nutri-
lional values ol lood seived oi consumed;
(d) planning and conducting nutrition assess-
menls, inleivenlion iogiammes, and edu-
calion and liaining lo imiove nuliilional
levels among individuals and communilies;
(e) consulting with other health professionals
and caie iovideis lo manage lle dielaiy and
nuliilional needs ol alienls;
(l) develoing and evalualing lood and nuliilion
ioducls lo meel nuliilional iequiiemenls;
(g) conducting research on nutrition and dis-
seminating the ndings at scientic confer-
ences and in other settings.
y Clinical dietician
y !ood seivice dielician
y Nutritionist
y Public health nutritionist
y Sports nutritionist
Unit0rcup2266
AudioIogists and 5peech Therapists

Audiologisls and seecl lleiaisls evaluale,
manage and treat physical disorders affecting
human hearing, speech, communication and
swallowing. Tley iesciiLe coiieclive devices oi
ielaLililalive lleiaies loi leaiing loss, seecl
disorders and related sensory and neural prob-
lems, and iovide counselling on leaiing salely
and communication performance.
Tasls include
(a) evalualing leaiing, seecl and language ei-
formance in patients to determine the nature
ol leaiing and communicalion disoideis;
(L) adminisleiing leaiing oi seecl/language
lesls oi ollei examinalions using secialized
diagnoslic insliumenls and equimenl, and
interpreting test results alongside other med-
ical, social and Lelaviouial diagnoslic dala lo
deleimine aioiiale couises ol liealmenl;
(c) planning, directing and participating in
counselling, screening, speech rehabilitation
and other programmes related to hearing
and communicalion;
(d) iesciiLing leaiing aids and ollei assislive
devices accoiding lo alienls` needs and in-
sliucling llem in lleii use;
(e) planning and conducting treatment pro-
grammes to manage physical disorders af-
lecling seecl and swallowing;
(l) counselling and guiding leaiing and/oi lan-
guage-imaiied individuals, lleii lamilies,
leacleis and emloyeis;
(g) referring patients and families to additional
medical oi educalional seivices il needed.
y Audiologisl
y Language therapist
y Speech pathologist
y Speech therapist
Unit0rcup2267
Dptometrists and DphthaImic Dpticians

Olomeliisls and olllalmic olicians iovide
diagnosis, managemenl and liealmenl seivices
loi disoideis ol lle eyes and visual syslem. Tley
counsel on eye care and prescribe optical aids or
ollei lleiaies loi visual disluiLance.
Tasls include
(a) examining alienls` eyes and conducling
diagnostic tests to assess ocular health and
deleimine lle naluie and exlenl ol vision
ioLlems and aLnoimalilies;
(L) lesling visual lunclion using secialized in-
sliumenls and equimenl loi measuiing
visual acuily and ieliaclive eiioi, lunclion ol
visual allways, visual lelds, eye movemenls,
lieedom ol vision and inliaoculai iessuie;
(c) detecting, diagnosing and managing eye dis-
ease, including prescribing medications for
liealmenl;
(d) consulting with and referring patients to oph-
thalmologists or other health professionals if
addilional medical liealmenl is necessaiy;
(e) delecling and diagnosing eye movemenl dis-
orders and defects of binocular function,
and planning and managing treatment pro-
grammes, including counselling patients in
eye exeicises lo cooidinale movemenl and
locusing ol eyes;
(l) iesciiLing coiieclive eyeglasses, conlacl
lenses and ollei vision aids, and clecling
olical devices loi eiloimance, salely, com-
loil and lileslyle;
(g) advising on visual lealll malleis sucl as
conlacl lens caie, vision caie loi lle eldeily,
olics, visual eigonomics, and occualional
and industrial eye safety.
y Ophthalmic optician
y Optometrist
y Orthoptist
y Olllalmologisl 2212
y Disensing olician 3254
Unit0rcup2269
HeaIth ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis lealll iolessionals nol
classilied elsewleie in SuL-majoi Giou 22:
Health Professionals. For instance, the group
includes occupations such as podiatrist, occu-
pational therapist, recreational therapist, chi-
ropractor, osteopath and other professionals
ioviding diagnoslic, ievenlive, cuialive and
ielaLililalive lealll seivices.
(a) inleiviewing alienls and conducling diag-
nostic tests to determine their health status,
functional limitations, and the nature of
physical or mental disorders, illnesses or
ollei lealll ioLlems;
(L) develoing and imlemenling liealmenl
plans for injuries, illnesses and other physical
and menlal imaiimenls;
(c) evalualing and documenling alienls` io-
gress through treatment plans, and refer-
ring patients and families to medical doctors
oi ollei lealll caie iovideis loi secial-
ized, ielaLililalive oi ollei caie seivices as
needed;
(d) administering therapeutic care and treat-
ment to patients, including through applica-
tion of manual and physical chiropractic and
osleoallic leclniques;
(e) iecommending enviionmenlal adala-
tions in the home, leisure, work and school
enviionmenls on an individual oi giou
Lasis lo enaLle individuals will lunclional
limilalions lo eiloim lleii daily aclivilies
and occualions;
(f) planning and implementing therapeutic pro-
giammes on an individual and giou Lasis
loi imioving and mainlaining lysical,
cognilive, emolional and social lunclioning,
including through the use of arts and crafts,
dance and movemenl, music and ollei iec-
iealional aclivilies;
(g) identifying and prescribing treatments for
condilions aecling lle lool, anlle and ie-
lated structures of the leg due to illness,
disease or other physical impairment, and
iesciiLing coiieclive loolweai and advising
on lool caie lo manage lool ailmenls;
(h) performing minor surgical procedures such
as on the foot and ankles.
y Ails lleiaisl
y Chiropractor
y Dance and movemenl lleiaisl
y Occupational therapist
y Osteopath
y Podiatrist
y Recreational therapist
Note
Alllougl in some juiisdiclions cliioiaclic and osle-
oally aie consideied lo lave lle alliiLules ol medical
specializations, practitioners in these disciplines should
always be classied here.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup23
TeachingProfessionaIs
Teacling iolessionals leacl lle lleoiy and iaclice ol one oi moie discilines al dieienl
educalional levels; conducl ieseaicl; imiove oi develo concels, lleoiies and oeialional
mellods eilaining lo lleii ailiculai disciline; and ieaie sclolaily aeis and Lools.
Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle
louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: conducling classes,
couises oi luloiials al a ailiculai educalional level loi educalional and vocalional uioses,
including iivale lessons; conducling adull lileiacy iogiammes; leacling and educaling ei-
sons will leaining dimcullies oi secial needs; designing and modilying cuiiicula; insecling
and advising on leacling mellods and aids; ailicialing in decisions conceining lle oigan-
izalion ol leacling and ielaled aclivilies al sclools and univeisilies; conducling ieseaicl in
ailiculai suLjecls lo imiove oi develo concels, lleoiies oi oeialional mellods loi a-
licalion in indusliial and ollei lelds; ieaiing sclolaily aeis and Lools. Sueivision ol
231 UniversityandHigherEducationTeachers
232VocationaIEducationTeachers
2335econdaryEducationTeachers
234 Primary 5chooI and EarIy ChiIdhood Teachers
235DtherTeachingProfessionaIs
Mincr0rcup231
UniversityandHigherEducationTeachers
\niveisily and liglei educalion leacleis ieaie and delivei lecluies and conducl luloiials
in one oi moie suLjecls willin a iesciiLed couise ol sludy al a univeisily oi ollei liglei
educalional inslilulion. Tley conducl ieseaicl, and ieaie sclolaily aeis and Lools.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: designing and modilying cuiiicula and ieaiing couises ol
sludy in accoidance will iequiiemenls; ieaiing and deliveiing lecluies and conducling lu-
loiials, seminais and laLoialoiy exeiimenls; slimulaling discussion and indeendenl llougll
among sludenls; sueivising, wleie aioiiale, exeiimenlal and iaclical woil undeilalen
Ly sludenls; adminisleiing, evalualing and mailing examinalion aeis and lesls; diiecling
ieseaicl ol oslgiaduale sludenls oi ollei memLeis ol deailmenl; ieseaicling inlo and de-
veloing concels, lleoiies and oeialional mellods loi alicalion in indusliial and ollei
lelds; ieaiing sclolaily Lools, aeis oi ailicles; ailicialing in deailmenlal and lacully
meetings and in conferences and seminars.
2310 UniversityandHigherEducationTeachers
Unit0rcup2310
UniversityandHigherEducationTeachers
\niveisily and liglei educalion leacleis ieaie
and delivei lecluies and conducl luloiials in one
or more subjects within a prescribed course of
sludy al a univeisily oi ollei liglei educalional
inslilulion. Tley conducl ieseaicl, and ieaie
scholarly papers and books.
Tasls include
(a) designing and modifying curricula and pre-
paring courses of study in accordance with
iequiiemenls;
(L) ieaiing and deliveiing lecluies and con-
ducting tutorials, seminars and laboratory
exeiimenls;
(c) stimulating discussion and independent
llougll among sludenls;
(d) sueivising, wleie aioiiale, exeiimenlal
and iaclical woil undeilalen Ly sludenls;
(e) adminisleiing, evalualing and mailing ex-
aminalion aeis and lesls;
(f) directing research of postgraduate students
oi ollei memLeis ol deailmenl;
(g) ieseaicling inlo and develoing concels,
theories and operational methods for appli-
calion in indusliial and ollei lelds;
(l) ieaiing sclolaily Lools, aeis oi ailicles;
(i) participating in departmental and faculty
meetings and in conferences and seminars.
y Higher education lecturer
y Professor
y \niveisily lecluiei
y \niveisily luloi
y \niveisily clancelloi 1120
y Dean (univeisily) 1345
y Higlei educalion lacully lead 1345
Mincr0rcup232
VocationaIEducationTeachers
Vocalional educalion leacleis leacl oi insliucl vocalional oi occualional suLjecls in adull
and further education institutions and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges.
Tley ieaie sludenls loi emloymenl in secilc occualions oi occualional aieas loi wlicl
univeisily oi liglei educalion is nol noimally iequiied.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: develoing cuiiicula and lanning couise conlenl and
mellods ol insliuclion; deleimining liaining needs ol sludenls oi woileis and liaising will
individuals, indusliy and ollei educalion seclois lo ensuie iovision ol ielevanl educalion
and liaining iogiammes; iesenling lecluies and conducling discussions lo inciease slu-
denls` lnowledge and comelence; insliucling and moniloiing sludenls in lle use ol lools,
equimenl and maleiials and lle ievenlion ol injuiy and damage; oLseiving and evalualing
sludenls` woil lo deleimine iogiess, iovide leedLacl and male suggeslions loi imiove-
menl; adminisleiing oial, wiillen oi eiloimance lesls lo measuie iogiess, evaluale liaining
eecliveness and assess comelency; ieaiing ieoils and mainlaining iecoids sucl as slu-
denl giades, allendance iolls and liaining aclivily delails; sueivising indeendenl oi giou
iojecls, leld lacemenls, laLoialoiy woil oi ollei liaining; ioviding individualized insliuc-
lion and luloiial oi iemedial insliuclion; conducling on-lle-joL liaining sessions lo leacl and
demonsliale iinciles, leclniques, ioceduies oi mellods ol designaled suLjecls.
2320VocationaIEducationTeachers
Unit0rcup2320
VocationaIEducationTeachers
Vocational education teachers teach or instruct
vocalional oi occualional suLjecls in adull and
further education institutions and to senior stu-
denls in secondaiy sclools and colleges. Tley
prepare students for employment in specic oc-
cualions oi occualional aieas loi wlicl univei-
sily oi liglei educalion is nol noimally iequiied.
Tasls include
(a) develoing cuiiicula and lanning couise
conlenl and mellods ol insliuclion;
(b) determining training needs of students or
woileis and liaising will individuals, in-
dustry and other education sectors to ensure
iovision ol ielevanl educalion and liaining
iogiammes;
(c) presenting lectures and conducting discus-
sions to increase students knowledge and
comelence;
(d) instructing and monitoring students in the
use ol lools, equimenl and maleiials and
lle ievenlion ol injuiy and damage;
(e) oLseiving and evalualing sludenls` woil lo
deleimine iogiess, iovide leedLacl and
male suggeslions loi imiovemenl;
(f) administering oral, written or performance
lesls lo measuie iogiess, evaluale liaining
eecliveness and assess comelency;
(g) preparing reports and maintaining records
such as student grades, attendance rolls and
liaining aclivily delails;
(l) sueivising indeendenl oi giou iojecls,
eld placements, laboratory work or other
liaining;
(i) ioviding individualized insliuclion and lu-
loiial oi iemedial insliuclion;
(j) conducting on-the-job training sessions to
leacl and demonsliale iinciles, leclniques,
procedures or methods of designated subjects.
y Aulomolive leclnology insliucloi
y Cosmetology instructor
y Vocational education teacher
y Sclool iincial 1345
y Secondaiy educalion leaclei 2330
Note
Tlose wlo leacl vocalional suLjecls llal aie inlended
to prepare students for employment in a particular occu-
alional giou slould Le classiled in \nil Giou 2320:
Vocalional Lducalion Teacleis, wlellei lley woil in a
geneial secondaiy sclool oi in a vocalional oi leclnical
sclool oi college. Tlose wlo leacl, al secondaiy edu-
calion level, suLjecls sucl as mallemalics llal do nol
aim to prepare students for employment in a specic
occualional aiea slould Le classiled in \nil Giou
2330: Secondaiy Lducalion Teacleis, even il lley aie
emloyed in a vocalional oi leclnical college.
Mincr0rcup233
Secondaiy educalion leacleis leacl one oi moie suLjecls al secondaiy educalion level, ex-
cluding subjects intended to prepare students for employment in specic occupational areas.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: designing and modilying cuiiicula and ieaiing educa-
lional couises ol sludy in accoidance will cuiiiculum guidelines; eslaLlisling and enloicing
iules loi Lelavioui and ioceduies loi mainlaining oidei among sludenls; ieaiing and
giving lessons, discussions and demonslialions in one oi moie suLjecls; eslaLlisling cleai
oLjeclives loi all lessons, unils and iojecls and communicaling llose oLjeclives lo sludenls;
ieaiing maleiials and classiooms loi class aclivilies; adaling leacling mellods and in-
sliuclional maleiials lo meel sludenls` vaiying needs and inleiesls; oLseiving and evalualing
sludenls` eiloimance and Lelavioui; ieaiing, adminisleiing and mailing lesls, assign-
menls and examinalions lo evaluale uils` iogiess; ieaiing ieoils aLoul uils` woil and
conleiiing will ollei leacleis and aienls; ailicialing in meelings conceining lle sclool`s
educalional oi oiganizalional olicies; lanning, oiganizing and ailicialing in sclool acliv-
ilies sucl as excuisions, soiling evenls and conceils.
Unit0rcup2330
Secondary education teachers teach one or more
suLjecls al secondaiy educalion level, excluding
subjects intended to prepare students for employ-
ment in specic occupational areas.
Tasls include
(a) designing and modifying curricula and pre-
paring educational courses of study in ac-
coidance will cuiiiculum guidelines;
(L) eslaLlisling and enloicing iules loi Lelav-
iour and procedures for maintaining order
among sludenls;
(c) ieaiing and giving lessons, discussions
and demonslialions in one oi moie suLjecls;
(d) eslaLlisling cleai oLjeclives loi all lessons,
units and projects and communicating those
oLjeclives lo sludenls;
(e) preparing materials and classrooms for class
aclivilies;
(f) adapting teaching methods and instructional
maleiials lo meel sludenls` vaiying needs
and inleiesls;
(g) oLseiving and evalualing sludenls` eiloi-
mance and Lelavioui;
(h) preparing, administering and marking tests,
assignmenls and examinalions lo evaluale
uils` iogiess;
(i) preparing reports about pupils work and
conleiiing will ollei leacleis and aienls;
(j) participating in meetings concerning the
schools educational or organizational pol-
icies;
(k) planning, organizing and participating in
sclool aclivilies sucl as excuisions, soiling
evenls and conceils.
y High school teacher
y Secondary school teacher
y Head leaclei 1345
y Sclools insecloi 2351
y Iileiacy luloi (iivale luilion) 2359
y Mallemalics coacl (iivale luilion)
2359
y Sclool counselloi 2359
Note
Tlose wlo leacl vocalional suLjecls llal aie inlended
to prepare students for employment in a particular occu-
alional giou slould Le classiled in \nil Giou 2320:
Vocalional Lducalion Teacleis, wlellei lley woil in a
geneial secondaiy sclool oi in a vocalional oi leclnical
sclool oi college. Tlose wlo leacl, al secondaiy edu-
calion level, suLjecls sucl as mallemalics llal do nol
aim to prepare students for employment in a specic
occualional aiea slould Le classiled in \nil Giou
2330: Secondaiy Lducalion Teacleis, even il lley aie
emloyed in a vocalional oi leclnical college.
Mincr0rcup234
Primary 5chooI and EarIy ChiIdhood Teachers
Piimaiy sclool and eaily clildlood leacleis leacl a iange ol suLjecls al lle iimaiy level ol
educalion and oiganize educalional aclivilies loi clildien Lelow iimaiy sclool age.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing iogiammes ol leaining and giving insliuclion in
a iange ol suLjecls al lle iimaiy educalion level; lanning and oiganizing aclivilies designed
lo lacililale clildien`s develomenl ol language, lysical and social slills; ieaiing ieoils.
Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
2341 Primary 5chooI Teachers
2342EarIyChiIdhoodEducators
Unit0rcup2341
Primary 5chooI Teachers

Primary school teachers teach a range of subjects
al lle iimaiy educalion level.
Tasls include
(a) preparing daily and longer term lesson plans
in accoidance will cuiiiculum guidelines;
(L) insliucling clildien individually and in
gious, using vaiious leacling mellods and
materials (e.g. computers, books, games),
adaling lo clildien`s vaiying needs;
(c) maintaining discipline and good working
laLils in lle classioom;
(d) lanning and conducling aclivilies will lle
clildien sucl as soiling aclivilies, conceils
and excuisions;
(e) assigning and grading class work and home-
woil;
(f) preparing, administering and grading tests
and assignmenls lo evaluale clildien`s io-
giess;
(g) oLseiving and evalualing clildien`s eiloi-
mance and Lelavioui;
(l) sueivising clildien duiing classes and al
other times in the school day, including the
laygiound duiing Lieals;
(i) ailicialing in sla meelings and ollei ses-
sions, and conferring with other teachers
conceining educalional issues;
(j) preparing for and attending parent meetings
to discuss childrens progress and problems.
y Primary school teacher
y Head leaclei 1345
y Sclools insecloi 2351
Unit0rcup2342
EarIyChiIdhoodEducators
Early childhood educators promote the social,
lysical and inlelleclual develomenl ol clildien
Lelow iimaiy sclool age lliougl lle iovision
ol educalional and lay aclivilies.
Tasls include
(a) lanning and oiganizing individual and giou
aclivilies designed lo lacililale lle develo-
menl ol clildien`s moloi, cooeialive and
social slills, conldence and undeislanding;
(L) iomoling language develomenl lliougl
storytelling, role play, songs, rhymes and in-
loimal conveisalions and discussions;
(c) leading clildien in aclivilies llal iovide o-
oilunilies loi ciealive exiession lliougl
the media of art, dramatic play, music and
lysical llness;
(d) oLseiving clildien in oidei lo evaluale io-
giess and lo delecl signs ol develomenlal,
emolional oi lealll-ielaled ioLlems;
(e) oLseiving and assessing nuliilional lealll,
welfare and safety needs of students and
identifying factors which may impede stu-
denls` iogiess;
(l) sueivising clildien`s aclivilies lo ensuie
salely and iesolve conicls;
(g) guiding and assisling clildien in lle devel-
opment of proper eating, dressing and toilet
laLils;
(h) discussing progress or problems of children
will aienls and ollei sla memLeis and
identifying appropriate actions and referrals
lo ollei seivices;
(i) eslaLlisling and mainlaining collaLoialive
ielalionslis will ollei seivice iovideis
working with young children.
y Early childhood educator
y Pre-school teacher
y Clild caie cenlie managei 1341
y Clild caie woilei 5311
Mincr0rcup235
DtherTeachingProfessionaIs
Ollei leacling iolessionals conducl ieseaicl and advise on leacling mellods; leacl eole
will leaining dimcullies oi secial needs; leacl non-nalive languages loi migialion and ie-
laled uioses; give iivale luilion; leacl ails, inloimalion leclnology and ollei suLjecls
oulside lle mainslieam iimaiy, secondaiy and liglei educalion syslems; and iovide ollei
leacling seivices nol classiled elsewleie in SuL-majoi Giou 23: Teacling Piolessionals.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: conducling ieseaicl and develoing oi advising on leacling
mellods, couises and aids; leacling lysically landicaed clildien, young eisons oi adulls
oi llose will leaining dimcullies oi ollei secial needs; leacling non-nalive languages loi
migialion uioses; leacling sludenls in iaclice, lleoiy and eiloimance ol music, diama,
dance, visual and ollei ails; develoing, scleduling and conducling liaining iogiammes and
courses for information technology users.
2351 Education Methods 5peciaIists
2352 5peciaI Needs Teachers
2353DtherLanguageTeachers
2354DtherMusicTeachers
2355DtherArtsTeachers
2356 !nformation TechnoIogy Trainers
2359 Teaching ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup2351
Education Methods 5peciaIists

Education methods specialists conduct research
and develo oi advise on leacling mellods,
couises and aids. Tley ieview and examine
teachers work, the functioning of educational
inslilulions and lle iesulls aclieved, and iecom-
mend clanges and imiovemenls.
Tasls include
(a) ieseaicling inlo cuiienl develomenls in
curricula, teaching methods and other edu-
calional iaclices, and advising on necessaiy
clanges and ossiLle imiovemenls;
(L) evalualing and advising on conlenls ol
couises and mellods ol examinalion;
(c) ieseaicling inlo audiovisual and ollei
leacling aids and advising on, lanning and
organizing their introduction in educational
eslaLlislmenls;
(d) documenling suLjecls and couises devel-
oed, and evalualing new couises;
(e) ioviding ongoing iolessional develo-
menl, liaining and consullalive seivices lo
leacleis;
(f) organizing and conducting workshops and
conferences to train teachers in new pro-
giammes and mellods;
(g) develoing lle sliucluie, conlenl and oLjec-
lives ol new educalional couises and io-
giammes;
(l) visiling sclools eiiodically and conlei-
iing will adminislialive and leacling sla
on queslions ielaling lo cuiiicula, leacling
mellods, equimenl and ollei malleis;
(i) visiling classiooms lo oLseive leacling lecl-
niques and lo evaluale leacleis` eiloimance
and sclolaslic iesulls oLlained;
(j) preparing reports and making recommenda-
tions to educational authorities concerning
ossiLle clanges and imiovemenls in cui-
ricula, teaching methods, and other matters.
y Curriculum coordinator
y Cuiiiculum develoei
y Education methods specialist
y Schools inspector
y Teacling aids secialisl
y Sclool counselloi 2359
y Sludenl advisei 2359
y Lducalional syclologisl 2634
Unit0rcup2352
5peciaI Needs Teachers

Special needs teachers teach physically or men-
tally handicapped children, young persons or
adults, or those with learning difculties or other
secial needs. Tley iomole lle social, emo-
lional, inlelleclual and lysical develomenl ol
their students.
Tasls include
(a) assessing students abilities and limitations
with regard to intellectual, physical, social
and emolional imaiimenls, excelional in-
lelleclual gills, oi ollei secial silualions;
(b) designing or modifying curricula and pre-
aiing and deliveiing iogiammes, lessons
and aclivilies adaled lo sludenls` aLililies
and needs;
(c) giving insliuclion on an individual oi giou
Lasis using secial leclniques oi aids aio-
iiale lo sludenls` needs;
(d) employing special educational strategies and
leclniques duiing insliuclion lo imiove
lle develomenl ol sensoiy- and eice-
tual-motor skills, language, cognition and
memoiy;
(e) eslaLlisling and enloicing iules loi Lelav-
iour and policies and procedures to maintain
oidei among sludenls;
(f) teaching academic subjects and practical and
self-help skills to students with hearing, sight
and ollei imaiimenls;
(g) slimulaling and develoing sludenls` conl-
dence, interests, abilities, manual skills and
cooidinalion;
(l) conleiiing will ollei sla memLeis lo lan
and schedule lessons for special needs stu-
denls;
(i) preparing and maintaining student data and
ollei iecoids and suLmilling ieoils;
(j) adminisleiing vaiious loims ol assessmenl
and evalualing iogiess ol eacl sludenl;
(k) conferring with students, parents, head
leacleis and ollei ielevanl iolessionals
involved in lle sludenls` caie lo develo in-
dividual educalional lans designed lo io-
mole sludenls` develomenl.
y Learning disabilities special education
teacher
y Learning support teacher
y Remedial teacher
y Teaclei ol gilled clildien
y Teaclei ol lle leaiing imaiied
y Teaclei ol lle sigll imaiied
y Secondaiy sclool leaclei 2330
y Piimaiy sclool leaclei 2341
Unit0rcup2353
DtherLanguageTeachers
Ollei language leacleis leacl non-nalive lan-
guages to adults and children who are learning a
language for reasons of migration, to full employ-
menl iequiiemenls oi ooilunilies, lo lacililale
ailicialion in educalional iogiammes deliveied
in a foreign language, or for personal enrichment.
Tley woil oulside lle mainslieam iimaiy, sec-
ondary and higher education systems, or in sup-
port of students and teachers within those systems.
Tasls include
(a) assessing lle level ol aLilily and lle exlenl ol
language difculties of students, and estab-
lisling sludenls` needs and leaining goals;
(L) lanning, ieaiing and deliveiing lessons
and woilslos loi gious and individuals,
with content and rate of progression adapted
lo sludenls` aLililies and needs;
(c) designing and producing teaching materials
and adaling exisling maleiials;
(d) assessing sludenls` iogiess;
(e) assisting students in classroom settings where
subjects are taught in a language other than
lle sludenls` nalive language;
(l) ioviding assislance lo ollei leacleis Ly
designing special teaching programmes for
students still learning the main language of
insliuclion;
(g) assigning and correcting work, and preparing
and giading exams;
(h) assessing, recording and reporting on stu-
dents progress.
y !nlensive language leaclei
y Migianl educalion leaclei
y Practical language teacher
y Second language teacher
Unit0rcup2354
DtherMusicTeachers
Other music teachers teach students in the prac-
tice, theory and performance of music outside
the mainstream primary, secondary and higher
educalion syslems, Lul may iovide iivale oi
small giou luilion as an exliacuiiiculai aclivily
in association with mainstream educational in-
stitutions.
Tasls include
(a) assessing lle sludenls` level ol aLilily and de-
leimining needs and leaining goals;
(L) lanning, ieaiing and deliveiing io-
grammes of study, lessons and workshops
loi individual sludenls and gious;
(c) preparing and presenting material on the
lleoiy and inleiielalion ol music;
(d) instructing and demonstrating practical as-
pects of singing or of playing a particular
insliumenl;
(e) teaching students to read and write musical
nolalion;
(l) assigning exeicises and leacling ieces ol
music ielevanl lo sludenls` level ol aLilily,
inleiesls and lalenls;
(g) assessing sludenls and oeiing advice, ciili-
cism and encouiagemenl;
(l) ievising cuiiicula, couise conlenl, couise
maleiials and mellods ol insliuclion;
(i) ieaiing sludenls loi examinalions, eiloi-
mances and assessmenls;
(j) aiianging visils and louis lo musical eiloi-
mances;
(k) organizing and assisting in auditions or per-
formances of students work.
y Guilai leaclei (iivale luilion)
y Piano leaclei (iivale luilion)
y Singing leaclei (iivale luilion)
y Violin leaclei (iivale luilion)
Note
Regular secondary and primary school teachers who
leacl music aie classilied in \nil Gious 2330: Sec-
ondaiy Lducalion Teacleis and 2341: Piimaiy Sclool
Teacleis ieseclively.
Unit0rcup2355
DtherArtsTeachers
Other arts teachers teach students in the practice,
theory and performance of dance, drama and
visual and ollei ails (excluding music) oulside
the mainstream primary, secondary and higher
educalion syslems, Lul may iovide iivale oi
small giou luilion as an exliacuiiiculai aclivily
in association with mainstream educational in-
stitutions.
Tasls include
(a) assessing lle sludenls` level ol aLilily and de-
leimining leaining needs;
lleoiy ol lle suLjecl aiea Leing sludied;
ecls ol diama, dance and visual oi ollei ails;
(e) assigning exeicises and woil ielevanl lo slu-
denls` level ol aLilily, inleiesls and lalenls;
(l) assessing sludenls and oeiing advice, ciili-
(g) ievising cuiiicula, couise conlenl, couise
(l) ieaiing sludenls loi examinalions, eiloi-
mance and assessmenls;
(i) aiianging visils and louis lo exliLilions and
eiloimances;
(j) organizing and assisting in performances or
exliLilions ol sludenls` woil.
y Dance leaclei (iivale luilion)
y Diama leaclei (iivale luilion)
y Painling leaclei (iivale luilion)
y Sculluie leaclei (iivale luilion)
y Piivale music leaclei 2354
Note
Regular secondary and primary school teachers who
leacl ails suLjecls aie classiled in \nil Gious 2330:
Secondaiy Lducalion Teacleis and 2341: Piimaiy
Sclool Teacleis ieseclively.
Unit0rcup2356
!nformation TechnoIogy Trainers

!nloimalion leclnology liaineis develo,
schedule and conduct training programmes and
courses for computer and other information
technology users outside the mainstream pri-
mary, secondary and higher education systems.
Tasls include
(a) identifying the information technology
liaining needs and iequiiemenls ol indi-
vidual useis and oiganizalions;
(L) ieaiing and develoing insliuclional
training material and aids such as hand-
Lools, visual aids, online luloiials, dem-
onstration models and supporting training
ieleience documenlalion;
(c) designing, coordinating, scheduling and
conducling liaining and develomenl io-
giammes llal can Le deliveied in lle loim ol
individual and giou insliuclion, and lacili-
tating workshop meetings, demonstrations
and conleiences;
(d) moniloiing and eiloiming ongoing evalu-
alion and assessmenl ol liaining qualily and
eecliveness, and ieviewing and modilying
liaining oLjeclives, mellods and couise de-
liveiaLles;
(e) galleiing, invesligaling and ieseaicling
background materials to gain a full under-
slanding ol lle suLjecl mallei and syslems;
(l) leeing u lo dale will new ioducl veision
ieleases, advances in sollwaie and geneial
information technology trends, and writing
end user products and materials such as user
training, tutorial and instruction manuals,
online help, and operating and maintenance
instructions.
y Computer trainer
y Software trainer
y Sla develomenl omcei 2424
Unit0rcup2359
Teaching ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis leacling iolessionals
nol classiled elsewleie in SuL-majoi Giou23:
Teacling Piolessionals. !oi inslance, lle giou
includes llose wlo iovide iivale luilion in
subjects other than foreign languages and the
ails, and llose wlo iovide educalional coun-
selling to students.
!n sucl cases lasls eiloimed would include
(a) assessing sludenls` level ol aLilily and delei-
mining leaining needs;
lleoiy ol lle suLjecl aiea Leing sludied;
ecls ol lle suLjecl aiea Leing sludied;
(e) assigning exeicises and woil ielevanl lo slu-
denls` level ol aLilily, inleiesls and alilude;
(l) assessing sludenls and oeiing advice, ciili-
(g) ievising cuiiicula, couise conlenl, couise
(l) ieaiing sludenls loi examinalions and as-
sessmenls;
(i) counselling students regarding educational
issues such as course and programme selec-
tion, class scheduling, school adjustment,
liuancy, sludy laLils and caieei lanning;
(j) counselling students to help them under-
sland and oveicome eisonal, social oi Le-
laviouial ioLlems aecling lleii educalion;
(l) ieaiing sludenls loi lalei educalional ex-
eiiences Ly encouiaging llem lo exloie
leaining ooilunilies and lo eiseveie will
challenging tasks.
y Iileiacy luloi (iivale luilion)
y Mallemalics coacl (iivale luilion)
y School counsellor
y Sludenl advisei
y !nlensive language leaclei 2353
y Migianl educalion leaclei 2353
y Music leaclei (iivale luilion) 2354
y Dance leaclei (iivale luilion) 2355
y Diama leaclei (iivale luilion) 2355
y Painling leaclei (iivale luilion) 2355
y Sculluie leaclei (iivale luilion) 2355
y Lducalional syclologisl 2634
y !amily counselloi 2635
y Social woilei 2635
Sub-ma|cr0rcup24
Business and Administration ProfessionaIs
Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks
lo iovide seivices in lnancial malleis, luman iesouice develomenl, uLlic ielalions, mai-
leling and sales in lle leclnical, medical, inloimalion and communicalions leclnology aieas;
and conducl ieviews ol oiganizalional sliucluies, mellods and syslems as well as quanlilalive
analyses ol inloimalion aecling inveslmenl iogiammes. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl
occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: collecling, analysing and
inleiieling inloimalion on lle lnancial viaLilily, cosl sliucluies and liading eecliveness
ol oiganizalions; conducling audils, ieaiing lnancial slalemenls and conliolling lieasuiy
syslems loi oiganizalions; develoing and ieviewing lnancial lans and slialegies, execuling
Luy and sell oideis, and negolialing lle uiclase and sale ol commodilies; develoing, imle-
menling and evalualing sla ieciuilmenl, liaining and develomenl iogiammes; ieseaicling,
develoing and imlemenling maileling and uLlic ielalions camaigns; sludying and de-
veloing mellods and olicies lo imiove and iomole goveinmenl and Lusiness oeialions
and eecliveness; acquiiing and udaling lnowledge ol emloyeis` and comelilois` goods
and seivices, and ol mailel condilions; assessing cuslomeis` needs and exlaining and dem-
onslialing goods and seivices lo llem.
241 FinanceProfessionaIs
242 Administration ProfessionaIs
243 5aIes, Marketing and PubIic PeIations ProfessionaIs
Mincr0rcup241
FinanceProfessionaIs
!inance iolessionals lan, develo, oiganize, adminislei, invesl, manage and conducl quan-
lilalive analyses ol eillei lnancial accounling syslems oi lunds loi individuals, eslaLlislmenls
and uLlic oi iivale inslilulions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing and oiganizing lnancial slalemenls loi an oigan-
izalion; ieviewing lnancial maleiials ol an oiganizalion; ioviding lnancial advice lo indi-
viduals and oiganizalions; ieaiing analylic ieoils conceining segmenls ol lle economy
and the economy as a whole.
2411 Accountants
2412 FinanciaI and !nvestment Advisers
2413FinanciaIAnaIysts
Unit0rcup2411
Accountants
Accounlanls lan, oiganize and adminislei ac-
counling syslems loi individuals and eslaLlisl-
menls. Some occualions classiled leie examine
and analyse the accounting and nancial records
ol individuals and eslaLlislmenls lo ensuie accu-
racy and compliance with established accounting
standards and procedures.
Tasls include
(a) advising on, lanning and inslalling Ludg-
etary, accounts controlling and other ac-
counling olicies and syslems;
(b) preparing and certifying nancial statements
for presentation to management, share-
loldeis and slaluloiy oi ollei Lodies;
(c) ieaiing lax ieluins, advising on laxalion
problems and contesting disputed claims
Leloie lax omcials;
(d) preparing or reporting on profit forecasts
and Ludgels;
(e) conducling lnancial invesligalions in sucl
malleis as susecled liaud, insolvency and
Lanliulcy;
(l) audiling accounls and Loolleeing iecoids;
(g) conducling invesligalions and advising man-
agemenl on lnancial asecls ol ioduclivily,
sloclloldings, sales, new ioducls, elc.;
(l) devising and conliolling syslems lo delei-
mine unil cosl ol ioducls and seivices.
y Accounlanl
y Audiloi
y Certied accountant
y Chartered accountant
y Financial controller
y !nsolvency liuslee
y Managemenl accounlanl
y Tax accounlanl
y !inance managei 1211
y Accounling assislanl 3313
y Boolleeei 3313
Unit0rcup2412
FinanciaI and !nvestment Advisers

!inancial and inveslmenl adviseis develo lnan-
cial lans loi individuals and oiganizalions, and
invesl and manage lunds on lleii Lelall.
Tasls include
(a) Luilding and mainlaining a clienl Lase;
(L) inleiviewing clienls lo deleimine lnancial
slalus and oLjeclives, iisl loleiance and
ollei inloimalion needed lo develo lnan-
cial lans and inveslmenl slialegies;
(c) selling lnancial oLjeclives, and develoing
and imlemenling slialegies loi aclieving
llem;
(d) arranging to buy and sell stocks and bonds
loi clienls;
(e) moniloiing inveslmenl eiloimance, and ie-
viewing and ievising inveslmenl lans Lased
on modiled needs and clanges in mailels;
(f) recommending and arranging insurance
covei loi clienls.
y Estate planner
y Financial planner
y !nveslmenl advisei
Unit0rcup2413
FinanciaIAnaIysts
!inancial analysls conducl quanlilalive analyses
ol inloimalion aecling inveslmenl iogiammes
ol uLlic oi iivale inslilulions.
Tasls include
(a) analysing nancial information to produce
forecasts of business, industry and economic
condilions loi use in maling inveslmenl de-
cisions;
(b) maintaining knowledge and staying abreast
ol develomenls in lle lields ol indusliial
technology, business, nance and economic
lleoiy;
(c) inleiieling dala aecling inveslmenl io-
grammes such as price, yield, stability, future
liends in inveslmenl iisls and economic in-
uences;
(d) monitoring economic, industrial and cor-
oiale develomenls lliougl analysis ol
information obtained from nancial publica-
lions and seivices, inveslmenl Lanling lims,
goveinmenl agencies, liade uLlicalions,
comany souices and eisonal inleiviews;
(e) iecommending inveslmenls and inveslmenl
liming lo comanies, inveslmenl lim sla
oi lle invesling uLlic;
(f) determining the prices at which securities
slould Le syndicaled and oeied lo lle uLlic;
(g) ieaiing lans ol aclion loi inveslmenl
Lased on lnancial analyses;
(l) evalualing and comaiing lle ielalive qualily
ol vaiious secuiilies in a given indusliy;
(i) presenting oral and written reports on gen-
eial economic liends, individual coioi-
ations and entire industries.
y Bond analyst
y !nveslmenl analysl
y Securities consultant
Mincr0rcup242
Administration ProfessionaIs
Adminislialion iolessionals aly vaiious concels and lleoiies ielaled lo imioving lle
eecliveness ol oiganizalions and lle individuals willin lle oiganizalion.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: evalualing lle sliucluie ol oiganizalions and suggesling
aieas ol imiovemenl; ensuiing llal lle oeialional aclivilies ol an oiganizalion aie consislenl
will lle olicy oLjeclives ol lle oiganizalion; ieciuiling, liaining, develoing and counselling
personnel within an organization.
2421 Management and Drganization AnaIysts
2422 PoIicy Administration ProfessionaIs
2423PersonneIandCareersProfessionaIs
2424 Training and 5taff DeveIopment ProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup2421
Management and Drganization AnaIysts

Managemenl and oiganizalion analysls assisl
oiganizalions lo aclieve giealei emciency and
solve oiganizalional ioLlems. Tley sludy oi-
ganizational structures, methods, systems and
procedures.
Tasls include
(a) assisling and encouiaging lle develomenl
ol oLjeclives, slialegies and lans aimed al
aclieving cuslomei salislaclion and lle em-
cienl use ol oiganizalions` iesouices;
(L) analysing and evalualing cuiienl syslems
and sliucluies;
(c) discussing cuiienl syslems will sla and oL-
seiving syslems al all levels ol oiganizalion;
(d) directing clients towards more efcient or-
ganizalion and develoing solulions lo oi-
ganizalional ioLlems;
(e) undeilaling and ieviewing woil sludies Ly
analysing exisling and ioosed mellods
and ioceduies sucl as adminislialive and
cleiical ioceduies;
(f) recording and analysing organizations
woilow clails, iecoids, ieoils, manuals
and joL desciilions;
(g) preparing and recommending proposals to
ievise mellods and ioceduies, allei woil
ows, iedelne joL lunclions and iesolve oi-
ganizalional ioLlems;
(l) assisling in imlemenling aioved iecom-
mendalions, issuing ievised insliuclions and
procedure manuals and drafting other docu-
menlalion;
(i) ieviewing oeialing ioceduies and advising
of departures from procedures and stand-
ards.
y Business consultant
y Managemenl consullanl
y Organization and methods analyst
y Business analysl (!T) 2511
Unit0rcup2422
PoIicy Administration ProfessionaIs

Policy adminislialion iolessionals develo and
analyse policies guiding the design, implementa-
lion and modilcalion ol goveinmenl and com-
mercial operations and programmes.
Tasls include
(a) liaising and consulting with programme ad-
ministrators and other interested parties to
idenlily olicy needs;
(L) ieviewing exisling olicies and legislalion
lo idenlily anomalies and oul-ol-dale iovi-
sions;
(c) researching social, economic and indus-
liial liends, and clienl execlalions ol io-
giammes and seivices iovided;
(d) formulating and analysing policy options,
preparing briefing papers and recommen-
dalions loi olicy clanges and advising on
ieleiied olions;
(e) assessing impacts, nancial implications, in-
teractions with other programmes and pol-
ilical and adminislialive leasiLilily ol olicies;
(f) conducting threat and risk assessments and
develoing iesonses;
(g) ieviewing oeialions and iogiammes lo
ensure consistency with policies of the organ-
ization.
y Intelligence ofcer
y Policy analyst
y Polilical advisei
Unit0rcup2423
PersonneIandCareersProfessionaIs
Peisonnel and caieeis iolessionals iovide io-
lessional Lusiness seivices ielaled lo eisonnel
olicies sucl as emloyee ieciuilmenl oi devel-
omenl, occualional analysis and vocalional
guidance.
Tasls include
(a) advising on and eiloiming eisonnel lunc-
tions relating to employee recruitment,
placement, training, promotion, compensa-
lion and emloyeemanagemenl ielalions oi
ollei aieas ol eisonnel olicy;
(b) studying and analysing jobs performed in an
eslaLlislmenl Ly vaiious means, including
inleiviews will woileis, sueivisois and
management, and writing detailed position,
job or occupation descriptions from informa-
lion oLlained;
(c) preparing occupational information or
working on occupational classication sys-
lems;
(d) advising and woiling on lle loiegoing and
other aspects of job and occupational ana-
lysis in such fields as personnel adminis-
tration, workforce research and planning,
training or occupational information and
vocalional guidance;
(e) sludying and advising individuals on em-
ployment opportunities, career choices and
further education or training that may be
desirable.
y Caieeis advisei
y Human iesouice exeil
y Job analyst
y Occupational analyst
y Oullacemenl exeil
y Personnel specialist
y Recruitment ofcer
y Vocational guidance counsellor
Unit0rcup2424
Training and 5taff DeveIopment ProfessionaIs

Tiaining and slall develomenl iolessionals
lan, develo, imlemenl and evaluale liaining
and develomenl iogiammes lo ensuie man-
agemenl and sla acquiie lle slills and develo
lle comelencies iequiied Ly oiganizalions lo
meel oiganizalional oLjeclives.
Tasls include
(a) idenlilying liaining needs and iequiiemenls
ol individuals and oiganizalions;
(L) selling luman iesouice develomenl oLjec-
lives and evalualing leaining oulcomes;
(c) ieaiing and develoing insliuclional
training material and aids such as handbooks,
visual aids, online luloiials, demonslialion
models and supporting training reference
documenlalion;
(d) designing, coordinating, scheduling and
conducling liaining and develomenl io-
giammes llal can Le deliveied in lle loim ol
individual and giou insliuclion, and lacili-
tating workshops, meetings, demonstrations
and conleiences;
(e) liaising will exleinal liaining iovideis lo
aiiange deliveiy ol secilc liaining and de-
velomenl iogiammes;
(l) iomoling inleinal and exleinal liaining and
develomenl, and evalualing llese iomo-
lional aclivilies;
(g) moniloiing and eiloiming ongoing evalu-
alion and assessmenl ol inleinal and exleinal
liaining qualily and ellecliveness, and ie-
viewing and modilying liaining oLjeclives,
mellods and couise deliveiaLles;
(l) galleiing, invesligaling and ieseaicling
background materials to gain an under-
slanding ol vaiious suLjecl malleis and sys-
tems.
y Sla develomenl omcei
y Tiaining omcei
y Woilloice develomenl secialisl
Mincr0rcup243
5aIes, Marketing and PubIic PeIations ProfessionaIs
Sales, maileling and uLlic ielalions iolessionals lan, develo, cooidinale and imlemenl
iogiammes ol inloimalion disseminalion lo iomole oiganizalions, goods and seivices; and
represent companies in selling a range of technical, industrial, medical, pharmaceutical and
!CT goods and seivices.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: commissioning and undeilaling mailel ieseaicl, analysing
lle lndings and lanning adveilising, maileling and uLlic ielalions aclivilies; suoiling
Lusiness giowll and develomenl lliougl lle ieaialion and execulion ol maileling oL-
jeclives, olicies and iogiammes; lanning and oiganizing uLlicily camaigns; aiaising
and selecting material submitted by writers, photographers, illustrators and others to create
lavouiaLle uLlicily; acquiiing and udaling lnowledge ol emloyeis` and comelilois`
goods and seivices, and ol mailel condilions; assessing cuslomeis` needs and exlaining and
demonslialing goods and seivices lo llem; visiling iegulai and ioseclive clienl Lusinesses
lo eslaLlisl and acl on maileling ooilunilies; quoling and negolialing iices and ciedil
terms, and completing contracts.
2431 Advertising and Marketing ProfessionaIs
2432 PubIic PeIations ProfessionaIs
2433 TechnicaI and MedicaI 5aIes ProfessionaIs (excIuding !CT)
2434 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy 5aIes ProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup2431
Advertising and Marketing ProfessionaIs

Adveilising and maileling iolessionals develo
and cooidinale adveilising slialegies and cam-
paigns, determine the market for new goods and
seivices, and idenlily and develo mailel ooi-
lunilies loi new and exisling goods and seivices.
Tasls include
(a) lanning, develoing and oiganizing ad-
veilising olicies and camaigns lo suoil
sales oLjeclives;
(L) advising manageis and clienls on slialegies
and campaigns to reach target markets, cre-
aling consumei awaieness and elleclively
promoting the attributes of goods and ser-
vices;
(c) wiiling adveilising coy and media sciils,
and aiianging lelevision and llm ioduclion
and media lacemenl;
(d) collecting and analysing data regarding con-
sumei alleins and ieleiences;
(e) interpreting and predicting current and
luluie consumei liends;
(f) researching potential demand and market
claiacleiislics loi new goods and seivices;
(g) suoiling Lusiness giowll and develo-
menl lliougl lle ieaialion and execulion
ol maileling oLjeclives, olicies and io-
giammes;
(h) commissioning and undertaking market re-
search to identify market opportunities for
new and exisling goods and seivices;
(i) advising on all elemenls ol maileling sucl as
ioducl mix, iicing, adveilising and sales
promotion, selling and distribution channels.
y Adveilising secialisl
y Maileling secialisl
y Mailel ieseaicl analysl
Unit0rcup2432
PubIic PeIations ProfessionaIs

PuLlic ielalions iolessionals lan, develo, im-
lemenl and evaluale inloimalion and commu-
nication strategies that create an understanding
and a lavouiaLle view ol Lusinesses and ollei oi-
ganizalions, lleii goods and seivices, and lleii
role in the community.
Tasls include
(a) planning and organizing publicity campaigns
and communicalion slialegies;
(L) advising execulives on lle uLlic ielalions
implications of their policies, programmes
and practices, and preparing and controlling
lle issue ol news and iess ieleases;
(c) undertaking and commissioning public
opinion research, analysing the ndings and
planning public relations and promotional
camaigns;
(d) oiganizing secial evenls, seminais, enlei-
tainment, competitions and social functions
lo iomole goodwill and lavouiaLle uL-
licily;
(e) representing organizations and arranging in-
leiviews will uLlicily media;
(f) attending business, social and other func-
lions lo iomole lle oiganizalion;
(g) commissioning and obtaining photographs
and ollei illuslialive maleiial;
(l) selecling, aiaising and ievising maleiial
submitted by publicity writers, photogra-
phers, illustrators and others to create fa-
vouiaLle uLlicily.
y Press liaison ofcer
y Publicity agent
y Public relations copy writer
y Public relations ofcer
Unit0rcup2433
TechnicaIandMedicaI5aIesProfessionaIs
(excIuding !CT)
Teclnical and medical sales iolessionals (ex-
cluding !CT) ieiesenl comanies in selling a
range of industrial, medical and pharmaceutical
goods and seivices lo indusliial, Lusiness, io-
fessional and other establishments.
Tasls include
(a) comiling lisls ol ioseclive clienl Lusi-
nesses Ly using diiecloiies and ollei souices;
(L) acquiiing and udaling lnowledge ol em-
loyeis` and comelilois` goods and seivices,
and ol mailel condilions;
(c) visiling iegulai and ioseclive clienl Lusi-
nesses to establish and act on selling oppor-
lunilies;
(d) assessing clients needs and resources and
recommending appropriate goods or ser-
vices;
(e) ioviding inul lo ioducl design wleie
goods oi seivices musl Le lailoied lo suil cli-
enls` needs;
(l) develoing ieoils and ioosals as ail ol
sales presentations to demonstrate benets
liom lle use ol goods oi seivices;
(g) estimating costs of installing and main-
laining equimenl oi seivice;
(h) monitoring customers changing needs and
comeliloi aclivily, and ieoiling llese de-
velomenls lo sales managemenl;
(i) quoling and negolialing iices and ciedil
terms, and preparing and administering
sales conliacls;
(j) aiianging deliveiy ol goods, inslallalion ol
equimenl and lle iovision ol seivices;
(k) reporting to sales management on sales made
and lle mailelaLilily ol goods and seivices;
(l) consulting with clients after sale to ensure a
satisfactory resolution of any problems, and
iovide ongoing suoil.
y Sales ieiesenlalive (indusliial ioducls)
y Sales ieiesenlalive (medical and
pharmaceutical products)
y Teclnical sales ieiesenlalive
y Sales ieiesenlalive (communicalions
leclnology) 2434
y Sales ieiesenlalive (comuleis) 2434
y Commeicial sales ieiesenlalive 3322
Unit0rcup2434

5aIesProfessionaIs
(!CT) sales iolessionals sell, al lle wlolesale
level, a iange ol comulei laidwaie, sollwaie
and other information and communications
leclnology goods and seivices including inslal-
lalions, and iovide secialized inloimalion as
iequiied.
Tasls include
(a) soliciting orders and selling goods to retail,
industrial, wholesale and other establish-
menls;
(L) selling leclnical equimenl, sulies and ie-
laled seivices lo Lusiness eslaLlislmenls oi
individuals;
(c) discussing lle needs ol new and exisling
cuslomeis and ioviding secialized inloi-
malion aLoul low ailiculai equimenl,
sulies and seivices meel llose needs;
(d) quoling and negolialing iices and ciedil
terms, and completing contracts and re-
coiding oideis;
(e) updating customer records and preparing
sales ieoils;
(l) aiianging deliveiy ol goods, inslallalion ol
equimenl and lle iovision ol seivices;
(g) ieoiling cuslomeis` ieaclions and iequiie-
ments to manufacturers.
y Sales ieiesenlalive (communicalions
technology)
y Sales ieiesenlalive (comuleis)
Sub-ma|cr0rcup25
!nformation and Communications TechnoIogy ProfessionaIs
!nloimalion and communicalions leclnology iolessionals conducl ieseaicl; lan, design,
wiile, lesl, iovide advice and imiove inloimalion leclnology syslems, laidwaie, sollwaie
and ielaled concels loi secilc alicalions; develo associaled documenlalion including iin-
ciles, olicies and ioceduies; and design, develo, conliol, mainlain and suoil dalaLases
and other information systems to ensure optimal performance and data integrity and security.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ieseaicling inloima-
lion leclnology use in Lusiness lunclions; idenlilying aieas loi imiovemenl and ieseaicling
lle lleoielical asecls and oeialional mellods loi lle use ol comuleis; evalualing, lan-
ning and designing hardware or software congurations for specic applications including
loi !nleinel, !nlianel and mullimedia syslems; designing, wiiling, lesling and mainlaining
comulei iogiams; designing and develoing dalaLase aiclilecluie and dalaLase manage-
menl syslems; develoing and imlemenling secuiily lans and dala adminislialion olicy,
and adminisleiing comulei nelwoils and ielaled comuling enviionmenls; analysing, devel-
oing, inleiieling and evalualing comlex syslem design and aiclilecluie secilcalions, dala
models and diagiams in lle develomenl, conlguialion and inlegialion ol comulei syslems.
251 5oftware and AppIications DeveIopers and AnaIysts
252 Database and Network ProfessionaIs
Mincr0rcup251
5oftware and AppIications DeveIopers and AnaIysts
Sollwaie and alicalions develoeis and analysls conducl ieseaicl and lan, design, wiile,
lesl, iovide advice on and imiove inloimalion leclnology syslems sucl as laidwaie, soll-
waie and ollei alicalions lo meel secilc iequiiemenls. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl
occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieseaicling inloimalion leclnology use in Lusiness lunclions
and idenlilying aieas in wlicl imiovemenls could Le made lo maximize eecliveness and el-
lciency; conducling ieseaicl inlo lle lleoielical asecls ol and oeialional mellods loi lle use
ol comuleis; evalualing, lanning and designing laidwaie oi sollwaie conlguialions loi se-
cilc alicalions; designing, wiiling, lesling and mainlaining comulei iogiams loi secilc
iequiiemenls; evalualing, lanning and designing !nleinel, !nlianel and mullimedia syslems.
2511 5ystems AnaIysts
2512 5oftware DeveIopers
2513 Web and MuItimedia DeveIopers
2514 AppIications Programmers
2519 5oftware and AppIications DeveIopers and AnaIysts Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup2511
5ystems AnaIysts
Systems analysts conduct research, analyse and
evaluale clienl inloimalion leclnology iequiie-
menls, ioceduies oi ioLlems, and develo and
implement proposals, recommendations and
lans lo imiove cuiienl oi luluie inloimalion
systems.
Tasls include
(a) consulting with users to formulate document
iequiiemenls and will managemenl lo ensuie
agieemenl on syslems iinciles;
(b) identifying and analysing business processes,
ioceduies and woil iaclices;
(c) idenlilying and evalualing inemciencies and
recommending optimal business practices
and syslem lunclionalily and Lelavioui;
(d) taking responsibility for deploying func-
tional solutions, such as creating, adopting
and imlemenling syslem lesl lans;
(e) develoing lunclional secilcalions loi use
Ly syslems develoeis;
(l) exanding oi modilying syslems lo imiove
woilow oi seive new uioses;
(g) coordinating and linking the computer sys-
tems within an organization to increase com-
patibility.
y Business analysl (!T)
y Computer scientist
y Information systems analyst
y Systems consultant
y Syslems designei (!T)
y Syslems adminislialoi (comuleis) 2522
y Communicalions analysl (comuleis)
2523
y elwoil analysl 2523
Unit0rcup2512
5oftware DeveIopers
Sollwaie develoeis ieseaicl, analyse and eval-
uale iequiiemenls loi exisling oi new sollwaie
applications and operating systems, and design,
develo, lesl and mainlain sollwaie solulions lo
meel llese iequiiemenls.
Tasls include
(a) ieseaicling, analysing and evalualing ie-
quiiemenls loi sollwaie alicalions and
oeialing syslems;
(L) ieseaicling, designing and develoing com-
ulei sollwaie syslems;
(c) consulling will engineeiing sla lo evaluale
inleilaces Lelween laidwaie and sollwaie;
(d) develoing and diiecling sollwaie lesling
and validalion ioceduies;
(e) modilying exisling sollwaie lo coiiecl eiiois,
to adapt it to new hardware or to upgrade
inleilaces and imiove eiloimance;
(l) diiecling sollwaie iogiamming and devel-
omenl ol documenlalion;
(g) assessing, develoing, ugiading and docu-
menting maintenance procedures for oper-
aling syslems, communicalions enviionmenls
and alicalions sollwaie;
(h) consulting with customers concerning main-
tenance of software systems.
y Programmer analyst
y Software designer
y Sollwaie develoei
y Software engineer
y Alicalions iogiammei 2514
Unit0rcup2513
Web and MuItimedia DeveIopers

WeL and mullimedia develomenl iolessionals
combine design and technical knowledge to re-
seaicl, analyse, evaluale, design, iogiam and
modify websites and applications that draw to-
gellei lexl, gialics, animalions, imaging, audio
and video dislays and ollei inleiaclive media.
Tasls include
(a) analysing, designing and develoing !nleinel
siles Ly alying a mixluie ol ailisliy and
ciealivily will sollwaie iogiamming and
scripting languages and interfacing with op-
eialing enviionmenls;
(L) designing and develoing digilal anima-
tions, imaging, presentations, games, audio
and video clis and !nleinel alicalions
using multimedia software, tools and utili-
lies, inleiaclive gialics and iogiamming
languages;
(c) communicating with network specialists re-
garding web-related issues such as security
and hosting websites, to control and enforce
!nleinel and weL seivei secuiily, sace allo-
cation, user access, business continuity, web-
sile Laclu and disaslei iecoveiy lanning;
(d) designing, develoing and inlegialing com-
puter code with other specialized inputs such
as image les, audio les and scripting lan-
guages, to produce, maintain and support
weLsiles;
(e) assisling in analysing, secilying and devel-
oping Internet strategies, web-based method-
ologies and develomenl lans.
y Animalion iogiammei
y Computer games programmer
y !nleinel develoei
y Mullimedia iogiammei
y Website architect
y WeLsile develoei
y WeLsile designei 2166
y WeLmaslei 3514
y WeLsile adminislialoi 3514
y WeLsile leclnician 3514
Unit0rcup2514
AppIications Programmers
Alicalions iogiammeis wiile and mainlain
programmable code outlined in technical in-
structions and specications for software appli-
cations and operating systems.
Tasls include
(a) writing and maintaining program code out-
lined in instructions and specications in ac-
coidance will qualily acciediled slandaids;
(L) ievising, ieaiiing oi exanding exisling
programs to increase operating efciency or
adal lo new iequiiemenls;
(c) conducting trial runs of programs and soft-
ware applications to conrm that they will
ioduce lle desiied inloimalion;
(d) compiling and writing documentation of
iogiam develomenl;
(e) identifying and communicating technical
problems, processes and solutions.
y Alicalions iogiammei
y Piogiammei analysl 2512
y Sollwaie develoei 2512
y Mullimedia iogiammei 2513
Unit0rcup2519
5oftware and AppIications DeveIopers

andAnaIysts Not EIsewhere CIassied
Tlis unil giou coveis sollwaie and alicalions
develoeis and analysls nol classiled elsewleie
in Minoi Giou 251: Sollwaie and Alicalions
Develoeis and Analysls. !oi inslance, lle
group includes those professionals specializing
in qualily assuiance, including sollwaie lesling.
(a) develoing and documenling sollwaie lesling
lans;
(b) installing software and hardware and con-
guring operating system software in prep-
aialion loi lesling;
(c) veiilying llal iogiams lunclion accoiding
lo usei iequiiemenls and eslaLlisled guide-
lines;
(d) execuling, analysing and documenling iesulls
of software application tests and information
and lelecommunicalion syslems lesls;
(e) develoing and imlemenling sollwaie and
information system testing policies, pro-
cedures and scripts.
y Quality assurance analyst (computers)
y Software tester
y Systems tester
Mincr0rcup252
Database and Network ProfessionaIs
DalaLase and nelwoil iolessionals design, develo, conliol, mainlain and suoil lle o-
timal performance and security of information technology systems and infrastructure, in-
cluding databases, hardware and software, networks and operating systems.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: designing and develoing dalaLase aiclilecluie, dala sliuc-
luies, diclionaiies and naming convenlions loi inloimalion syslems iojecls; designing, con-
sliucling, modilying, inlegialing, imlemenling and lesling dalaLase managemenl syslems;
develoing and imlemenling secuiily lans, dala adminislialion olicy, documenlalion and
slandaids; mainlaining and adminisleiing comulei nelwoils and ielaled comuling envi-
ionmenls; analysing, develoing, inleiieling and evalualing comlex syslem design and ai-
clilecluie secilcalions, dala models and diagiams in lle develomenl, conlguialion and
integration of computer systems.
2521 Database Designers and Administrators
2522 5ystems Administrators
2523 Computer Network ProfessionaIs
2529 Database and Network ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup2521
Database Designers and Administrators

DalaLase designeis and adminislialois design,
develo, conliol, mainlain and suoil lle o-
timal performance and security of databases.
Tasls include
(a) designing and develoing dalaLase aiclilec-
ture, data structures, tables, dictionaries and
naming convenlions loi inloimalion syslems
iojecls;
(b) designing, constructing, modifying, inte-
grating, implementing and testing database
managemenl syslems;
(c) conducling ieseaicl and ioviding advice
on the selection, application and implemen-
lalion ol dalaLase managemenl lools;
(d) develoing and imlemenling dala adminis-
tration policy, documentation, standards and
models;
(e) develoing olicies and ioceduies loi
database access and usage and for the backup
and iecoveiy ol dala;
(f) performing the operational establishment
and ievenlive mainlenance ol Laclus and
iecoveiy ioceduies, and enloicing secuiily
and integrity controls.
y Dala adminislialoi
y DalaLase adminislialoi
y DalaLase analysl
y DalaLase aiclilecl
y elwoil adminislialoi 2522
y Syslems adminislialoi (comuleis) 2522
y WeLmaslei 3514
Unit0rcup2522
5ystems Administrators
Syslems adminislialois develo, conliol, main-
tain and support the optimal performance and
security of information technology systems.
Tasls include
(a) maintaining and administering computer
nelwoils and ielaled comuling enviion-
ments, including computer hardware, sys-
tems software, applications software and all
conlguialions;
(L) iecommending clanges lo imiove syslems
and network configurations, and deter-
mining laidwaie oi sollwaie iequiiemenls
ielaled lo sucl clanges;
(c) diagnosing laidwaie and sollwaie ioLlems;
(d) performing data backups and disaster re-
coveiy oeialions;
(e) operating master consoles to monitor the
performance of computer systems and net-
works, and to coordinate computer network
access and use.
y Network administrator
y Systems administrator (computers)
y DalaLase adminislialoi 2521
y WeLmaslei 3514
y WeLsile leclnician 3514
Unit0rcup2523
Computer Network ProfessionaIs

Computer network professionals research, ana-
lyse, design, test and recommend strategies for
nelwoil aiclilecluie and develomenl. Tley
implement, manage, maintain and configure
network hardware and software, and monitor,
troubleshoot and optimize performance.
Tasls include
(a) analysing, develoing, inleiieling and
evalualing comlex syslem design and aicli-
tecture specications, data models and dia-
giams in lle develomenl, conlguialion and
inlegialion ol comulei syslems;
(L) ieseaicling, analysing, evalualing and moni-
toring network infrastructure to ensure that
networks are congured to operate at op-
limal eiloimance;
(c) assessing and iecommending imiovemenls
to network operations and integrated hard-
ware, software, communications and oper-
aling syslems;
(d) ioviding secialisl slills in suoiling and
troubleshooting network problems and emer-
gencies;
(e) installing, conguring, testing, maintaining
and administering new and upgraded net-
works, software database applications,
seiveis and woilslalions;
(f) preparing and maintaining procedures and
documenlalion loi nelwoil invenloiy, and
recording diagnosis and resolution of net-
work faults, enhancements and modications
lo nelwoils and mainlenance insliuclions;
(g) moniloiing nelwoil liamc and aclivily, ca-
acity and usage to ensure continued integrity
and optimal network performance.
y Communications analyst (computers)
y Network analyst
y Syslems analysl 2511
Unit0rcup2529
Database and Network ProfessionaIs

Tlis unil giou includes dalaLase and nelwoil
iolessionals nol classiled elsewleie in Minoi
Giou 252: DalaLase and elwoil Piolessionals.
For instance, the group includes information and
communications technology security specialists.
(a) develoing lans lo saleguaid comulei lles
against accidental or unauthorized modica-
tion, destruction or disclosure and to meet
emeigency dala iocessing needs;
(b) training users and promoting security aware-
ness lo ensuie syslem secuiily and lo imiove
seivei and nelwoil emciency;
(c) conferring with users to discuss issues such
as comulei dala access needs, secuiily vio-
lalions and iogiamming clanges;
(d) moniloiing cuiienl ieoils ol comulei vi-
iuses lo deleimine wlen lo udale viius io-
leclion syslems;
(e) modifying computer security les to incorp-
orate new software, correct errors or change
individual access slalus;
(f) monitoring use of data files and regulate
access to safeguard information in computer
lles;
(g) eiloiming iisl assessmenls and execuling
tests of data processing system to ensure
lunclioning ol dala iocessing aclivilies and
secuiily measuies;
(h) encrypting data transmissions and erecting
rewalls to conceal condential information
as it is being transmitted and to keep out
tainted digital transfers.
y Dala minei
y Digilal loiensic secialisl
y Secuiily secialisl (!CT)
Sub-ma|cr0rcup26
LegaI,5ociaIandCuIturaIProfessionaIs
Iegal, social and culluial iolessionals conducl ieseaicl; imiove oi develo concels, lleo-
iies and oeialional mellods; oi aly lnowledge ielaling lo lle law, sloiage and ieliieval ol
information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, lan-
guages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance
in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: conducling ieseaicl
on legal ioLlems; dialling laws and iegulalions; advising clienls on legal cases; leading
and conducling cases in a couil ol law; iesiding ovei judicial ioceedings in a couil ol law;
develoing and mainlaining liLiaiy and galleiy colleclions ol aiclives; conducling ieseaicl,
imioving oi develoing concels, lleoiies and oeialional mellods oi alying lnowledge
ielaling lo lle leld ol social sciences; conceiving, ciealing and eiloiming in lileiaiy and
ailislic woils; inleiieling and communicaling news, ideas, imiessions and lacls.
261 LegaIProfessionaIs
262 Librarians, Archivists and Curators
2635ociaIandPeIigiousProfessionaIs
264Authors,JournaIistsandLinguists
265 Creative and Performing Artists
Mincr0rcup261
LegaIProfessionaIs
Iegal iolessionals conducl ieseaicl on legal ioLlems, advise clienls on legal asecls ol ioL-
lems, lead cases oi conducl ioseculions in couils ol law, ieside ovei judicial ioceedings
in courts of law and draft laws and regulations.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: giving clienls legal advice; undeilaling legal Lusiness on
clienls` Lelall and conducling liligalion wlen necessaiy; iesiding ovei judicial ioceedings
and ionouncing judgemenl in couils ol law. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
2611 Lawyers
2612Judges
2619 LegaI ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup2611
Lawyers
Iawyeis give clienls legal advice on a wide
vaiiely ol suLjecls, diaw u legal documenls,
ieiesenl clienls Leloie adminislialive Loaids oi
tribunals and plead cases or conduct prosecu-
tions in courts of justice, or instruct barristers
to plead in higher courts of justice.
Tasls include
(a) giving clienls legal advice on a wide vaiiely
of subjects and undertaking legal business on
clienls` Lelall;
(b) researching legal principles, statutes and pre-
vious couil decisions ielaled lo secilc cases;
(c) galleiing evidence lo loimulale a delence oi
to initiate legal actions, by such means as in-
leiviewing clienls and wilnesses lo asceilain
lle lacls ol a case;
(d) evalualing lndings and develoing slialegies
and arguments in preparation for presenta-
lion ol cases;
(e) pleading clients cases before courts of law,
liiLunals and adminislialive Loaids oi in-
structing barristers to plead in higher courts
ol juslice;
(f) accepting briefs and pleading in the higher
couil;
(g) acling as ioseculoi on Lelall ol lle govein-
menl;
(h) negotiating settlements in matters which in-
volve legal disules;
(i) dialling legislalion and ieaiing govein-
menl iegulalions Lased on exisling laws;
(j) drawing up legal documents such as con-
tracts, real estate transactions and wills and
preparing statements of legal opinions.
y Alloiney
y Barrister
y Lawyer
y Prosecutor
y Solicitor
y olaiy 2619
y Conveyancing cleil 3411
y Iaw cleil 3411
Unit0rcup2612
Judges
1udges ieside ovei civil and ciiminal ioceed-
ings in courts of law.
Tasls include
(a) iesiding ovei liials and leaiings;
(b) interpreting and enforcing rules of procedure
and making rulings regarding the admissi-
Lilily ol evidence;
(c) determining the rights and obligations of the
ailies involved, and in cases liied Ly juiy;
(d) instructing the jury on points of law that are
alicaLle lo lle case;
(e) weigling and consideiing evidence in non-
jury trials and deciding legal guilt or inno-
cence or degree of liability of the accused or
delendanl;
(l) assing senlence on eisons convicled in
criminal cases, determining damages or
ollei aioiiale iemedy in civil cases and
issuing couil oideis;
(g) researching legal issues and writing opinions
on the issues.
y Chief justice
y Judge
y Magisliale
y Couil cleil 3411
y 1uslice ol lle eace 3411
Unit0rcup2619
LegaI ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis legal iolessionals nol
classiled elsewleie in Minoi Giou 261: Iegal
Professionals. For instance, the group includes
those who perform legal functions other than
leading oi ioseculing cases oi iesiding ovei
judicial proceedings.
(a) giving advice on legal asecls ol vaiious ei-
sonal, Lusiness and adminislialive ioLlems;
(L) diawing u legal documenls and conliacls;
(c) aiianging ioeily liansleis;
(d) deleimining, Ly inquesl, lle causes ol any
deall nol oLviously due lo naluial causes.
y Coroner
y 1uiisl (excel lawyei oi judge)
y Notary
Mincr0rcup262
Librarians, Archivists and Curators
IiLiaiians, aiclivisls and cuialois develo and mainlain lle colleclions ol aiclives, liLiaiies,
museums, art galleries and similar establishments.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: aiaising oi develoing and oiganizing lle conlenls ol ai-
clives and ailelacls ol lisloiical, culluial and ailislic inleiesl, and ensuiing lleii saleleeing
and ieseivalion; oiganizing lle colleclions ol and exliLilions al museums, ail galleiies and
similai eslaLlislmenls; develoing and mainlaining lle syslemalic colleclion ol iecoided and
uLlisled maleiial and maling il availaLle lo useis in liLiaiies and ielaled inslilulions; ie-
aiing sclolaily aeis and ieoils; conducling ieseaicl.
2621ArchivistsandCurators
2622 Librarians and PeIated !nformation ProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup2621
ArchivistsandCurators
Aiclivisls and cuialois collecl, aiaise and
ensuie lle saleleeing and ieseivalion ol lle
conlenls ol aiclives, ailelacls and iecoids ol
lisloiical, culluial, adminislialive and ailislic
inleiesl, and ol ail and ollei oLjecls. Tley lan,
devise and imlemenl syslems loi lle saleleeing
ol iecoids and lisloiically valuaLle documenls.
Tasls include
(a) evalualing and ieseiving iecoids loi ad-
minislialive, lisloiical, legal, evidenlial and
ollei uioses;
(b) directing or carrying out the preparation of
indexes, LiLliogialies, miciollm coies and
other reference aids to the collected material
and maling llem availaLle lo useis;
(c) researching the origin, distribution and use
of materials and objects of cultural and his-
loiical inleiesl;
(d) oiganizing, develoing and mainlaining col-
lections of artistic, cultural, scientic or his-
loiically signilcanl ilems;
(e) directing or undertaking classication and
cataloguing of museum and art gallery col-
leclions and oiganizing exliLilions;
(f) researching into, appraising, organizing and
ieseiving lisloiically signilcanl and valu-
aLle documenls sucl as goveinmenl aeis,
iivale aeis, lologials, mas, manu-
sciils and audiovisual maleiials;
(g) ieaiing sclolaily aeis and ieoils;
(h) planning and implementing the computer-
ized managemenl ol aiclives and eleclionic
iecoids;
(i) oiganizing exliLilions al museums and ail
galleiies, uLlicizing exliLils and aiianging
special displays for general, specialized or
educalional inleiesl;
(j) aiaising and acquiiing aiclival maleiials
lo Luild and develo an aiclival colleclion
for research purposes.
y Aiclivisl
y Ail galleiy cuialoi
y Museum cuialoi
y Records manager
Unit0rcup2622
Librarians and PeIated !nformation ProfessionaIs

Librarians and related information professionals
collecl, selecl, develo, oiganize and mainlain li-
brary collections and other information reposito-
iies, oiganize and conliol ollei liLiaiy seivices
and iovide inloimalion loi useis.
Tasls include
(a) oiganizing, develoing and mainlaining a
systematic collection of books, periodicals
and ollei iinled oi audiovisually and digi-
lally iecoided maleiial;
(L) selecling and iecommending acquisilions ol
Lools and ollei iinled oi audiovisually and
digilally iecoided maleiial;
(c) organizing, classifying and cataloguing li-
Liaiy maleiial;
(d) managing library borrowing and interlibrary
loan lacililies and inloimalion nelwoils;
(e) ieliieving maleiial and ioviding inloima-
tion to business and other users based on the
collection itself or on library and informa-
lion-nelwoil syslems;
(f) conducting research and analysing or modi-
lying liLiaiy and inloimalion seivices in ac-
coidance will clanges in useis` needs;
(g) devising and imlemenling sclemes and con-
ceptual models for the storage, organization,
classilcalion and ieliieval ol inloimalion;
(l) ieaiing sclolaily aeis and ieoils;
(i) eiloiming manual, online and inleiaclive
media reference searches, making inter-
library loans and performing other functions
to assist users in accessing library materials.
y Bibliographer
y Cataloguer
y Librarian
Mincr0rcup263
5ociaIandPeIigiousProfessionaIs
Social and ieligious iolessionals conducl ieseaicl; imiove oi develo concels, lleoiies and
oeialional mellods; aly lnowledge ielaling lo lilosoly, olilics, economics, sociology,
anllioology, lisloiy, syclology and ollei social sciences; oi iovide social seivices lo meel
lle needs ol individuals and lamilies in a communily.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: loimulaling and alying solulions lo iesenl oi iojecled
economic, olilical oi social ioLlems; ieseaicling inlo and analysing asl evenls and aclivilies
and liacing lle oiigin and evolulion ol lle luman iace; sludying menlal iocesses and Le-
lavioui ol individuals and gious; ioviding social seivices; ieaiing sclolaily aeis and
ieoils. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
2631 Economists
2632 5ocioIogists, AnthropoIogists and PeIated ProfessionaIs
2633 PhiIosophers, Historians and PoIiticaI 5cientists
2634PsychoIogists
2635 5ociaI Work and CounseIIing ProfessionaIs
2636PeIigiousProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup2631
Economists
Economists conduct research, monitor data, an-
alyse information and prepare reports and plans
lo iesolve economic and Lusiness ioLlems and
develo models lo analyse, exlain and loiecasl
economic Lelavioui and alleins. Tley iovide
advice lo Lusiness, inleiesl gious and govein-
ments to formulate solutions to present or pro-
jected economic and business problems.
Tasls include
(a) loiecasling clanges in lle economic envii-
onment for short-term budgeting, long-term
lanning and inveslmenl evalualion;
(b) formulating recommendations, policies and
plans for the economy, corporate strategies
and inveslmenl, and undeilaling leasiLilily
sludies loi iojecls;
(c) monitoring economic data to assess the ef-
lecliveness, and advise on lle aioiiale-
ness, ol monelaiy and lscal olicies;
(d) forecasting production and consumption of
secilc ioducls and seivices Lased on ie-
cords of past production and consumption
and general economic and industry-specic
condilions;
(e) ieaiing loiecasls ol income and exendi-
luie, inleiesl iales and exclange iales;
(f) analysing factors that determine labour
force participation, employment, wages, un-
employment and other labour market out-
comes;
(g) applying mathematical formulae and stat-
islical leclniques lo lesl economic lleoiies
and devise solulions lo economic ioLlems;
(h) compiling, analysing and interpreting eco-
nomic data using economic theory and a
vaiiely ol slalislical and ollei leclniques;
(i) evalualing lle oulcome ol olilical decisions
concerning public economy and nances, and
advising on economic olicy and ossiLle
courses of action in the light of past, present
and iojecled economic laclois and liends;
(j) ieaiing sclolaily aeis and ieoils;
(l) examining ioLlems ielaled lo lle economic
aclivilies ol individual comanies;
(l) conducting research on market conditions in
local, regional or national areas to set sales
and iicing levels loi goods and seivices, lo
assess market potential and future trends
and lo develo Lusiness slialegies.
y Econometrician
y Lconomic advisei
y Economic analyst
y Economist
y Labour economist
y Slalislician 2120
Unit0rcup2632
5ocioIogists, AnthropoIogists
andPeIatedProfessionaIs
Sociologists, anthropologists and related profes-
sionals invesligale and desciiLe lle sliucluie,
oiigin and evolulion ol socielies and lle inlei-
deendence Lelween enviionmenlal condilions
and luman aclivilies. Tley iovide advice on
the practical application of their ndings in the
formulation of economic and social policies.
Tasls include
(a) conducling ieseaicl on lle oiigin, devel-
opment, structure, social patterns, organ-
izations and interrelationships of human
sociely;
(L) liacing lle oiigin and evolulion ol lumanily
through the study of changing characteristics
and culluial and social inslilulions;
(c) liacing lle develomenl ol lumanily
through the material remains of its past, such
as dwellings, temples, tools, pottery, coins,
weaons oi sculluie;
(d) studying physical and climatic aspects of
areas and regions, and correlating these nd-
ings will economic, social and culluial acliv-
ilies;
(e) develoing lleoiies, models and mellods lo
inleiiel and desciiLe social lenomena;
(l) evalualing lle oulcome ol olilical decisions
conceining social olicy;
(g) analysing and evalualing social dala;
(l) advising on lle iaclical alicalion ol lnd-
ings in the formulation of economic and
social policies for population groups and re-
gions, and loi lle develomenl ol mailels;
(i) preparing scholarly papers and reports.
y Anllioologisl
y Aiclaeologisl
y Criminologist
y Ethnologist
y Geogialei
y Sociologist
Unit0rcup2633
PhiIosophers, Historians and PoIiticaI 5cientists

Philosophers, historians and political scientists
conducl ieseaicl inlo lle naluie ol luman ex-
eiience and exislence, lases oi asecls ol
luman lisloiy, and olilical sliucluies, move-
menls and Lelavioui. Tley documenl and ieoil
on ndings to inform and guide political and in-
dividual aclions.
Tasls include
(a) researching, including by reasoning, into the
general causes, principles and meanings of
lle woild, luman aclions, exeiience and
exislence, and inleiieling and develoing
lilosolical concels and lleoiies;
(b) consulting and comparing primary sources
such as original or contemporary records of
asl evenls, and secondaiy souices sucl as
aiclaeological oi anllioological lndings;
(c) exliacling ielevanl maleiial, clecling ils
authenticity, and researching into and de-
scribing the history of a particular period,
counliy oi iegion, oi a ailiculai lacel loi
examle economic, social oi olilical ol ils
lisloiy;
(d) conducting research in such elds as political
philosophy, or past and present theory and
practice of political systems, institutions or
Lelavioui;
(e) oLseiving conlemoiaiy olilical inslilulions
and opinions, and collecting data on them
liom vaiious souices, including inleiviews
will goveinmenl and olilical aily omcials
and ollei ielevanl eisons;
(l) develoing lleoiies, models and mellods lo
interpret and describe the nature of human
exeiience and lisloiical and olilical evenls
and Lelavioui;
(g) presenting ndings and conclusions for publi-
calion oi use Ly goveinmenl, olilical ailies
oi ollei oiganizalions and inleiesled eisons;
(h) preparing scholarly papers and reports.
y Genealogisl
y Historian
y Philosopher
y Political scientist
y Polilical advisei 2422
Unit0rcup2634
PsychoIogists
Psychologists research into and study the mental
iocesses and Lelavioui ol luman Leings as in-
dividuals oi in gious, and aly llis lnowledge
to promote personal, social, educational or oc-
cualional adjuslmenl and develomenl.
Tasls include
(a) planning and carrying out tests to measure
mental, physical and other characteristics
such as intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, po-
lenlialilies, elc., inleiieling and evalualing
iesulls, and ioviding advice;
(L) analysing lle eecl ol leiedily, social, oc-
cualional and ollei laclois on individual
llougll and Lelavioui;
(c) conducting counselling or therapeutic inter-
views will individuals and gious and io-
viding lollow-u seivices;
(d) mainlaining iequiied conlacls, sucl as llose
with family members, educational authorities
or employers, and recommending possible
solulions lo, and liealmenl ol, ioLlems;
(e) studying psychological factors in the diag-
nosis, liealmenl and ievenlion ol menlal
illnesses and emotional or personality dis-
orders, and conferring with related profes-
sionals;
(l) ieaiing sclolaily aeis and ieoils;
(g) loimulaling aclievemenl, diagnoslic and
iediclive lesls loi use Ly leacleis in lan-
ning mellods and conlenl ol insliuclion;
(l) conducling suiveys and ieseaicl sludies on
joL design, woil gious, moiale, molivalion,
sueivision and managemenl;
(i) develoing lleoiies, models and mellods lo
inleiiel and desciiLe luman Lelavioui.
y Clinical psychologist
y Educational psychologist
y Organizational psychologist
y Psychotherapist
y Sports psychologist
y Psyclialiisl 2212
Unit0rcup2635
5ociaI Work and CounseIIing ProfessionaIs

Social work and counselling professionals pro-
vide advice and guidance lo individuals, lam-
ilies, groups, communities and organizations
in response to social and personal difculties.
Tley assisl clienls lo develo slills and access ie-
souices and suoil seivices needed lo iesond
lo issues aiising liom unemloymenl, oveily,
disaLilily, addiclion, ciiminal and delinquenl
Lelavioui, and maiilal and ollei ioLlems.
Tasls include
(a) inleiviewing clienls individually, in lamilies oi
in groups, to assess their situation and problems
and deleimine lle lyes ol seivices iequiied;
(b) analysing the clients situation and presenting
alleinalive aioacles lo iesolving ioLlems;
(c) compiling case records or reports for courts
and ollei legal ioceedings;
(d) ioviding counselling, lleiay and media-
lion seivices, and lacililaling giou sessions
lo assisl clienls lo develo slills and insiglls
needed lo deal will and iesolve lleii social
and eisonal ioLlems;
(e) planning and implementing programmes of
assistance for clients, including crisis inter-
venlion and ieleiial lo agencies llal iovide
nancial assistance, legal aid, housing, med-
ical liealmenl and ollei seivices;
(l) invesligaling cases ol aLuse oi neglecl and
taking action to protect children and other
eisons al iisl;
(g) working with offenders during and after
sentence to help them to integrate into the
community and to change attitudes and be-
lavioui in oidei lo ieduce luillei oending;
(l) ioviding advice lo iison goveinois and
lo ioLalion and aiole ieview Loaids llal
helps determine whether, and under what
condilions, an oendei slould Le incaicei-
ated, released from prison or undergo alter-
nalive coiieclional measuies;
(i) acling as advocales loi clienl gious in lle
community and lobbying for solutions to
ioLlems aecling llem;
(j) develoing ievenlion and inleivenlion io-
giammes lo meel communily needs;
(k) maintaining contact with other social ser-
vice agencies, educalional inslilulions and
lealll caie iovideis involved will clienls lo
iovide inloimalion and oLlain leedLacl on
clienls` oveiall silualion and iogiess.
y Addiclions counselloi
y Beieavemenl counselloi
y Child and youth counsellor
y Disliicl social wellaie omcei
y Family counsellor
y Maiiiage counselloi
y Parole ofcer
y Probation ofcer
y Sexual assaull counselloi
y Social worker
y Womens welfare organizer
y Psyclologisl 2634
y Wellaie suoil woilei 3412
Unit0rcup2636
PeIigiousProfessionaIs
Religious professionals function as perpetuators
ol sacied liadilions, iaclices and Leliels. Tley
conducl ieligious seivices, celeLiale oi admin-
ister the rites of a religious faith or denomina-
lion, iovide siiilual and moial guidance and
perform other functions associated with the
practice of a religion.
Tasls include
(a) perpetuating sacred traditions, practices and
Leliels;
(L) conducling ieligious seivices, iiles and cei-
emonies;
(c) undeilaling vaiious adminislialive and
social duties, including participating in com-
mittees and meetings of religious organiza-
lions;
(d) ioviding siiilual and moial guidance in
accoidance will lle ieligion iolessed;
(e) propagating religious doctrines in own
counliy oi aLioad;
(l) ieaiing and iesenling ieligious seimons;
(g) develoing and diiecling sludy couises and
ieligious educalion iogiammes;
(l) counselling individuals iegaiding inleiei-
sonal, lealll, lnancial and ieligious ioLlems;
(i) scleduling and ailicialing in secial evenls
such as camps, conferences, seminars and re-
treats.
y Bonze
y Imam
y Minislei ol ieligion
y Poojari
y Priest
y Rabbi
y Iay ieaclei 3413
y Monl 3413
y un 3413
Note
MemLeis ol ieligious oideis wlose woil involves ei-
loiming lle lasls ol ollei occualions, loi examle as
teachers, nurses or welfare support workers, should be
classied according to the main tasks and duties per-
formed in the job.
Mincr0rcup264
Authors,JournaIistsandLinguists
Aullois, jouinalisls and linguisls conceive and cieale lileiaiy woils; inleiiel and communi-
cale news and uLlic aaiis lliougl lle media; and lianslale oi inleiiel liom one language
into another.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: wiiling lileiaiy woils; aiaising meiils ol lileiaiy and
ollei woils ol ail; collecling inloimalion aLoul cuiienl aaiis and wiiling aLoul llem; ie-
seaicling, invesligaling, inleiieling and communicaling news and uLlic aaiis lliougl
newsaeis, lelevision, iadio and ollei media; lianslaling wiillen maleiial liom one language
lo anollei; simullaneously lianslaling liom one language lo anollei.
2641AuthorsandPeIatedWriters
2642JournaIists
2643 TransIators, !nterpreters and Dther Linguists
Unit0rcup2641
AuthorsandPeIatedWriters
Aullois and ielaled wiileis lan, ieseaicl and
write books, scripts, storyboards, plays, essays,
speeches, manuals, specifications and other
non-jouinalislic ailicles (excluding maleiial loi
newspapers, magazines and other periodicals)
for publication or presentation.
Tasls include
(a) conceiving, wiiling and ediling novels, lays,
scripts, poetry and other material for publi-
calion oi iesenlalion;
(b) conducting research to establish factual con-
tent and to obtain other necessary informa-
lion;
(c) writing scripts and continuities and pre-
paring programmes for stage, lm, radio and
lelevision ioduclions;
(d) analysing material, such as specifications,
notes and drawings, and creating manuals,
instructions for use, user guides and other
documenls lo exlain cleaily and concisely
the installation, operation and maintenance
of software, electronic, mechanical and other
equimenl;
(e) writing brochures, handbooks and similar
leclnical uLlicalions;
(f) selecting material for publication, checking
style, grammar and accuracy of content,
aiianging loi any necessaiy ievisions and
checking proof copies before printing.
y Aulloi
y Book editor
y Essayist
y !ndexei
y !nleiaclive media wiilei
y ovelisl
y Playwright
y Poet
y Script writer
y Speech writer
y Teclnical communicaloi
y Teclnical wiilei
y Writer
y Adveilising coy wiilei 2431
y PuLlic ielalions coy wiilei 2432
y 1ouinalisl 2642
y ewsaei ediloi 2642
Unit0rcup2642
JournaIists
1ouinalisls ieseaicl, invesligale, inleiiel and
communicale news and uLlic aaiis lliougl
newsaeis, lelevision, iadio and ollei media.
Tasls include
(a) collecting local, national and international
news lliougl inleiviews, invesligalion and
oLseivalion, allending uLlic evenls, seeling
oul iecoids, ieviewing wiillen woil and al-
lending llm and slage eiloimances;
(b) collecting, reporting and commenting on
news and cuiienl aaiis loi uLlicalion in
newspapers and periodicals, or for broad-
casling Ly iadio, lelevision oi weLcasl media;
(c) ieceiving, analysing and veiilying news and
ollei coy loi accuiacy;
(d) inleiviewing olilicians and ollei uLlic
figures at press conferences and on other
occasions, including individual inleiviews
iecoided loi iadio, lelevision oi weLcasl
media;
(e) ieseaicling and ieoiling on develomenls
in specialized elds such as medicine, science
and leclnology;
(f) writing editorials and commentaries on
topics of current interest to stimulate public
inleiesl and exiess lle views ol a uLlica-
lion oi Lioadcasling slalion;
(g) wiiling ciilical ieviews ol lileiaiy, musical
and other artistic works based on knowledge,
judgemenl and exeiience loi newsaeis,
lelevision, iadio and ollei media;
(h) selecting material for publication, checking
style, grammar, accuracy and legality of
content and arranging for any necessary re-
visions;
(i) liaising will ioduclion sla in clecling lnal
iool coies immedialely iioi lo iinling;
(j) selecting, assembling and preparing publicity
material about business or other organiza-
lions loi issue lliougl iess, iadio, lelevision
and other media.
y Journalist
y Newspaper editor
y Newspaper reporter
y Sports writer
y Sub editor
y TV/iadio news ioducei
y TV/iadio news ieoilei
y PuLlic ielalions omcei 2432
y Aulloi 2641
y Bool ediloi 2641
y Plolo jouinalisl 3431
y Cameia oeialoi 3521
Unit0rcup2643
TransIators, !nterpreters and Dther Linguists

Tianslalois, inleiieleis and ollei linguisls
translate or interpret from one language into
anollei and sludy lle oiigin, develomenl and
structure of languages.
Tasls include
(a) studying relationships between ancient
parent languages and modern language
gious, liacing lle oiigin and evolulion ol
words, grammar and language forms, and
iesenling lndings;
(L) advising on oi ieaiing language classil-
cation systems, grammars, dictionaries and
similai maleiials;
(c) translating from one language into another
and ensuring that the correct meaning of the
original is retained, that legal, technical or
scientic works are correctly rendered, and
that the phraseology and terminology of the
siiil and slyle ol lileiaiy woils aie conveyed
as lai as ossiLle;
(d) develoing mellods loi lle use ol comuleis
and ollei insliumenls lo imiove ioducl-
ivily and qualily ol lianslalion;
(e) interpreting from a spoken or a signed lan-
guage into another spoken or signed lan-
guage, in particular at conferences, meetings
and similar occasions, and ensuring that the
correct meaning and, as far as possible, the
siiil ol lle oiiginal aie liansmilled;
(l) ievising and coiiecling lianslaled maleiial.
y Interpreter
y Iexicogialei
y Philologist
y Sign language interpreter
y Subtitler
y Tianslaloi
y Tianslaloi-ievisei
y Aulloi 2641
y Bool ediloi 2641
y 1ouinalisl 2642
Mincr0rcup265
Creative and Performing Artists
Ciealive and eiloiming ailisls communicale ideas, imiessions and lacls in a wide iange
ol media lo aclieve ailiculai eecls; inleiiel a comosilion sucl as a musical scoie oi a
sciil lo eiloim oi diiecl lle eiloimance; and losl lle iesenlalion ol sucl eiloimance
and ollei media evenls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: conceiving and ciealing visual ail loims; conceiving and
wiiling oiiginal music; devising, diiecling, ieleaising and eiloiming in music, dance, lleal-
iical and llm ioduclions; assuming ciealive, lnancial and oiganizalional iesonsiLililies in
lle ioduclion ol lelevision iogiammes, llms and slage iesenlalions; sludying sciil, lay
oi Lool and ieaiing and ieleaising inleiielalion; selecling and inlioducing music, videos
and ollei enleilainmenl maleiial loi Lioadcasl and maling commeicial and uLlic seivice
announcements.
2651VisuaIArtists
2652 Musicians, 5ingers and Composers
2653 Dancers and Choreographers
2654 FiIm, 5tage and PeIated Directors and Producers
2655Actors
2656AnnouncersonPadio,TeIevisionandDtherMedia
2659 Creative and Performing Artists Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup2651
VisuaIArtists
Visual ailisls cieale and execule woils ol ail Ly
sculpting, painting, drawing, creating cartoons,
engiaving oi using ollei leclniques.
Tasls include
(a) conceiving and develoing ideas, designs and
slyles loi ainlings, diawings and sculluies;
(b) arranging objects, positioning models, and
selecling landscaes and ollei visual loims
accoiding lo closen suLjecl mallei;
(c) selecting artistic media, method and ma-
leiials;
(d) creating representational or abstract three-di-
mensional oi ieliel loims Ly slaing, caiving
and working and combining materials such
as wood, slone, clay, melal, ice oi aei;
(e) creating representational or abstract draw-
ings and paintings using pencils, ink, chalk,
oil paints and water colours or through the
alicalion ol ollei leclniques;
(l) ciealing diawings and engiaving oi elcling
llem on melal, wood oi ollei maleiials;
(g) creating cartoons to depict persons and
evenls, ollen in caiicaluie;
(h) restoring damaged, soiled and faded paint-
ings and other art objects.
y Cartoonist
y Ceramic artist
y Illustrator
y Picture restorer
y Portrait painter
y Sculptor
y !ndusliial designei 2163
y Gialic designei 2166
y Painling leaclei (iivale luilion) 2355
y Pollei 7314
y Decoialive ainlei 7316
Unit0rcup2652
Musicians, 5ingers and Composers

Musicians, singeis and comoseis wiile, aiiange,
conduct and perform musical compositions.
Tasls include
(a) creating melodic, harmonic and rhythmic
sliucluies lo exiess ideas and emolions in
musical loim;
(b) translating ideas and concepts into standard
musical signs and symbols for reproduction
and eiloimance;
(c) adapting or arranging music for particular
insliumenlal oi vocal gious, insliumenls oi
occasions;
(d) conducling insliumenlal oi vocal gious;
(e) selecting music for performances and as-
signing insliumenlal ails lo musicians;
(f) playing one or more musical instruments as
a soloist or as a member of an orchestra or a
musical giou;
(g) singing as a soloisl oi as a memLei ol a vocal
giou oi ollei Land;
(h) practising and rehearsing to maintain a high
standard of performance.
y Band leader
y Composer
y Instrumentalist
y Music conducloi
y Night club musician
y Night club singer
y Orchestrator
y Singer
y Street musician
y Street singer
Unit0rcup2653
Dancers and Choreographers

Danceis and cloieogialeis conceive and cieale
or perform dances.
Tasls include
(a) conceiving and ciealing dances, wlicl ollen
convey a sloiy, lleme, idea oi mood, Ly a
allein ol sles, movemenls and gesluies;
(b) performing dances as a soloist, with a partner
or as a member of a dancing group before
live audiences oi loi llm, lelevision oi ollei
visual media;
(c) liaining, exeicising and allending dance
classes lo mainlain lle iequiied levels ol
aLilily and llness;
(d) directing and participating in rehearsals to
iaclise dance sles and leclniques iequiied
loi a eiloimance;
(e) auditioning for dance roles or for member-
sli in dance comanies;
(f) coordinating the production music with the
music directors.
y Choreographer
y Ballet dancer
y Night-club dancer
y Street dancer
y Dance leaclei 2355
Unit0rcup2654
FiIm, 5tage and PeIated Directors and Producers

Film, stage and related directors and producers
oveisee and conliol lle leclnical and ailislic as-
ecls ol molion icluies, lelevision oi iadio io-
ductions and stage shows.
Tasls include
(a) choosing writers, studying scripts to deter-
mine artistic interpretation, and instructing
aclois on acling mellods;
(b) directing all aspects of dramatic productions
on slage, lelevision, iadio oi in molion ic-
tures, including choice of actors, and nal
decisions concerning costumes, set designs
and sound oi liglling eecls;
(c) planning, organizing and controlling the
vaiious slages and scleduling involved in lle
production of presentations, motion pictures,
lelevision slows and iadio iogiammes;
(d) engaging and sueivising all leclnical ei-
sonnel, and determining the treatment, scope
and scleduling ol ioduclion;
(e) mainlaining ioduclion aiclives and negoli-
aling ioyallies;
(f) creating, planning or writing scripts for re-
coiding, videolaing and ediling iogiammes;
(g) sueivising lle osilioning ol sceneiy, ios
and liglling and sound equimenl.
y Documenlaiy diiecloi
y Film editor
y Molion icluie diiecloi
y Photography director
y Stage director
y Teclnical diiecloi
y Teclnical lelevision oi iadio diiecloi
y Tlealie ioducei
y TV/iadio news ioducei 2642
y Slage managei 3435
y Bioadcasling leclnician 3521
y Iiglling leclnician 3521
y Sound leclnician 3521
y Video leclnician 3521
Unit0rcup2655
Actors
Aclois oiliay ioles in molion icluies, lelevi-
sion or radio productions and stage shows.
Tasls include
(a) learning lines and cues and playing parts in
dramatic productions on stage, commercials,
lelevision, iadio oi in molion icluies;
(b) assuming characters created by a playwright
or author and communicating this to an au-
dience;
(c) telling stories or reading literary works aloud
lo educale oi enleilain lisleneis;
(d) attending auditions and casting calls in order
lo audilion loi ioles;
(e) preparing for performances through re-
hearsals under the instruction and guidance
ol ioduclion diieclois;
(f) reading scripts and undertaking research
to gain understanding of parts, themes and
claiacleiislics;
(g) acling ails and oiliaying ioles as devel-
oed in ieleaisals in llm, lelevision, iadio
and stage productions.
y Acloi
y Mime ailisl
y Storyteller
y Slunl ailisl 3435
y Wallei-on 3435
Unit0rcup2656
AnnouncersonPadio,TeIevision
andDtherMedia
Announceis on iadio, lelevision and ollei media
iead news Lullelins, conducl inleiviews, and
make other announcements or introductions on
iadio and lelevision, and in llealies and ollei
establishments or media.
Tasls include
(a) reading news bulletins and making other an-
nouncemenls on iadio oi lelevision;
(b) introducing performing artists or persons
Leing inleiviewed, and maling ielaled an-
nouncemenls on iadio and lelevision, oi in
llealies, nigll cluLs and ollei eslaLlislmenls;
(c) inleiviewing eisons in uLlic, esecially on
iadio and lelevision;
(d) studying background information in order to
ieaie loi iogiammes oi inleiviews;
(e) commenting on music and other matters,
such as weather or trafc conditions.
y News anchor
y Radio announcer
y Sports announcer
y Tall slow losl/losless
y Television announcei
y Tiamc ieoilei
y Weather reporter
y 1ouinalisl 2642
Unit0rcup2659
Creative and Performing Artists

Tlis unil giou coveis all ciealive and ei-
loiming ailisls nol classiled elsewleie in Minoi
Giou 265: Ciealive and Peiloiming Ailisls. !oi
instance, the group includes clowns, magicians,
acrobats and other performing artists.
(a) performing amusing antics and telling funny
sloiies;
(b) performing tricks of illusion and sleight of
land, and leals ol lynolism;
(c) performing difcult and spectacular acro-
Lalics, and gymnaslic oi juggling leals;
(d) training and performing with animals.
y AcioLal
y Aeiialisl
y Clown
y Hypnotist
y Magician
y Puppeteer
y Stand-up comedian
y Venliiloquisl
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 3 Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals 169
Ma|cr0rcup3
TECHN!C!AN5ANDA55DC!ATEPPDFE55!DNAL5
Teclnicians and associale iolessionals eiloim leclnical and ielaled lasls connecled will
research and the application of scientic or artistic concepts and operational methods, and
goveinmenl oi Lusiness iegulalions. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis
majoi giou iequiies slills al lle lliid !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly leclnicians and associale iolessionals usually include: undeilaling and
carrying out technical work connected with research and the application of concepts and
operational methods in the elds of physical sciences including engineering and technology,
lile sciences including lle medical iolession, and social sciences and lumanilies; inilialing
and caiiying oul vaiious leclnical seivices ielaled lo liade, lnance and adminislialion in-
cluding adminislialion ol goveinmenl laws and iegulalions, and lo social woil; ioviding
leclnical suoil loi lle ails and enleilainmenl; ailicialing in soiling aclivilies; execuling
some ieligious lasls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
31 5cienceandEngineeringAssociateProfessionaIs
32 HeaIthAssociateProfessionaIs
33 Business and Administration Associate ProfessionaIs
34 LegaI,5ociaI,CuIturaIandPeIatedAssociateProfessionaIs
35 !nformation and Communications Technicians
Sub-ma|cr0rcup31
5cienceandEngineeringAssociateProfessionaIs
Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with re-
seaicl and oeialional mellods in science and engineeiing. Tley sueivise and conliol lecl-
nical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering
oeialions, and oeiale leclnical equimenl including aiiciall and slis. Comelenl eiloi-
mance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle lliid !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: selling u, moniloiing
and oeialing insliumenls and equimenl; conducling and moniloiing exeiimenls and lesls
ol syslems; collecling and lesling samles; iecoiding oLseivalions and analysing dala; ie-
aiing, ievising and inleiieling leclnical diawings and diagiams; cooidinaling, sueivising,
conliolling and scleduling lle aclivilies ol ollei woileis; oeialing and moniloiing swilcl-
Loaids, comuleiized conliol syslems, and mulli-lunclion iocess conliol maclineiy; ei-
loiming leclnical lunclions lo ensuie sale and emcienl movemenl and oeialions in slis,
aiiciall and ollei equimenl.
311 PhysicaIandEngineering5cienceTechnicians
312 Mining, Manufacturing and Construction 5upervisors
313 ProcessControITechnicians
314 Life5cienceTechniciansandPeIatedAssociateProfessionaIs
315 5hip and Aircraft ControIIers and Technicians
Mincr0rcup311
PhysicaIandEngineering5cienceTechnicians
Physical and engineering science technicians perform technical tasks to aid in research on
and the practical application of concepts, principles and operational methods particular to
physical sciences including such areas as engineering, technical drawing or economic efciency
of production processes.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: undeilaling and caiiying oul leclnical woil ielaled lo
clemisliy, lysics, geology, meleoiology, aslionomy, engineeiing oi leclnical diawing; selling
u, oeialing and mainlaining laLoialoiy insliumenls and equimenl; moniloiing exeii-
menls, maling oLseivalions, and calculaling and iecoiding iesulls; ieaiing maleiials loi
exeiimenlalion; conducling lesls ol syslems; collecling and lesling samles; iecoiding oLsei-
valions and analysing dala; ieaiing, ievising and inleiieling leclnical diawings, wiiing
diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams or layout drawings.
3111 ChemicaI and PhysicaI 5cience Technicians
3112 CiviIEngineeringTechnicians
3113 EIectricaIEngineeringTechnicians
3114 EIectronicsEngineeringTechnicians
3115 MechanicaIEngineeringTechnicians
3116 ChemicaI Engineering Technicians
3117 MiningandMetaIIurgicaITechnicians
3118 Draughtspersons
3119 PhysicaI and Engineering 5cience Technicians Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup3111
ChemicaI and PhysicaI 5cience Technicians

Chemical and physical science technicians per-
form technical tasks to aid in research in chem-
istry, physics, geology, geophysics, meteorology
and aslionomy, and in lle develomenl ol indus-
trial, medical, military and other practical ap-
plications of research results.
Tasls include
(a) collecting samples and preparing materials
and equimenl loi exeiimenls, lesls and
analyses;
(b) carrying out routine laboratory tests and
eiloiming a vaiiely ol leclnical suoil
functions to assist chemical and physical sci-
enlisls in ieseaicl, develomenl, analysis and
lesling;
(c) conliolling lle qualily and quanlily ol
laboratory supplies by testing samples and
monitoring usage and preparing detailed es-
limales ol quanlilies and cosls ol maleiials
and laLoui iequiied loi iojecls, accoiding
lo lle secilcalions given;
(d) setting up, operating and maintaining labo-
ialoiy insliumenls and equimenl, moni-
loiing exeiimenls, maling oLseivalions,
and calculaling and iecoiding iesulls;
(e) ieaiing maleiials loi exeiimenlalion sucl
as lieezing and slicing secimens and mixing
clemicals;
(f) collecting and testing earth and water sam-
les, iecoiding oLseivalions and analysing
data in support of geologists or geophysicists.
y Chemistry technician
y Geology leclnician
y Meleoiology leclnician
y Physics technician
y Clemical engineeiing leclnician 3116
y Clemical iocess leclnician 3133
y Iile science leclnician 3141
Unit0rcup3112
CiviIEngineeringTechnicians
Civil engineeiing leclnicians eiloim leclnical
lasls in civil engineeiing ieseaicl and in lle
design, construction, operation, maintenance
and repair of buildings and other structures such
as water supply and wastewater treatment sys-
tems, bridges, roads, dams and airports.
Tasls include
(a) performing or assisting with eld and labora-
loiy lesls ol soils and consliuclion maleiials;
(L) ioviding leclnical assislance connecled
with the construction of buildings and other
sliucluies, and will suiveys oi lle ie-
aialion ol suivey ieoils;
(c) ensuring compliance with design specica-
lions, ielevanl legislalion and iegulalions,
and maintenance of desired standards of
maleiials and woil;
(d) applying technical knowledge of building and
civil engineeiing iinciles and iaclices in
oidei lo idenlily and solve ioLlems aiising;
(e) assisting with the preparation of detailed es-
limales ol quanlilies and cosls ol maleiials
and laLoui iequiied loi iojecls, accoiding
(l) oiganizing mainlenance and ieaiis;
(g) inspecting buildings and structures during
and after construction to ensure that they
comply with building, grading, zoning and
salely laws and aioved lans, secilcalions
and standards, as well as with other rules
conceining qualily and salely ol Luildings;
(h) inspecting industrial plant, hotels, cinemas
and other buildings and structures to detect
lie lazaids and advise on low lley can Le
iemoved;
(i) advising on lle inslallalion ol lie deleclois
and sprinkler systems and the use of materials
in the construction of buildings, and means of
liansoilalion lo ieduce iisl ol lie and exlenl
of damage and danger if re occurs.
y Building inspector
y Building suiveyoi
y Civil engineeiing leclnician
y Clerk of works
y Fire inspector
y !iie ievenlion secialisl
y Geoleclnical leclnician
y Suiveying leclnician
y Maiine suiveyoi 3115
y !iie invesligaloi 3119
Unit0rcup3113
EIectricaIEngineeringTechnicians
Electrical engineering technicians perform tech-
nical tasks to aid in electrical engineering re-
search and in the design, manufacture, assembly,
construction, operation, maintenance and repair
ol elecliical equimenl, lacililies and disliiLulion
systems.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding leclnical assislance in ieseaicl on
and develomenl ol elecliical equimenl and
lacililies, oi lesling iololyes;
(b) designing and preparing blueprints of elec-
trical installations and circuitry according to
lle secilcalions given;
(c) ieaiing delailed eslimales ol quanlilies
and cosls ol maleiials and laLoui iequiied
for manufacture and installation, according
(d) monitoring technical aspects of the manu-
facture, installation, utilization, maintenance
and ieaii ol elecliical syslems and equi-
ment to ensure satisfactory performance and
compliance with specications and regula-
lions;
(e) planning installation methods, checking
completed installations for safety and con-
trols or undertaking the initial running of
lle new elecliical equimenl oi syslems;
(f) assembling, installing, testing, calibrating,
modilying and ieaiiing elecliical equimenl
and installations to conform with regulations
and salely iequiiemenls.
y Electrical engineering technician
y Electric power transmission engineering
technician
y Lleclionics engineeiing leclnician 3114
y Powei ioduclion lanl oeialoi 3131
y Llecliical meclanic 7412
Unit0rcup3114
EIectronicsEngineeringTechnicians
Electronics engineering technicians perform
technical tasks to aid in electronic research and
in the design, manufacture, assembly, construc-
tion, operation, maintenance and repair of elec-
lionic equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding leclnical assislance in ieseaicl
and develomenl ol eleclionic equimenl, oi
lesling iololyes;
(b) designing and preparing blueprints of elec-
tronic circuitry according to the specica-
lions given;
(c) ieaiing delailed eslimales ol quanlilies and
cosls ol maleiials and laLoui iequiied loi lle
manufacture and installation of electronic
equimenl, accoiding lo lle secilcalions
given;
(d) monitoring technical aspects of the manufac-
ture, utilization, maintenance and repair of
eleclionic equimenl lo ensuie salislacloiy
performance and ensure compliance with
secilcalions and iegulalions;
(e) assisling in lle design, develomenl, inslal-
lation, operation and maintenance of elec-
lionic syslems;
(f) planning installation methods, checking
completed installations for safety and con-
trols or undertaking the initial running of
lle new eleclionic equimenl oi syslem;
(g) conducting tests of electronic systems, col-
lecting and analysing data, and assembling
circuitry in support of electronics engineers.
y Electronics engineering technician
y Llecliical engineeiing leclnician 3113
y Telecommunicalions engineeiing
leclnician 3522
y Lleclionics meclanic 7421
y Lleclionic equimenl assemLlei 8212
Unit0rcup3115
MechanicaIEngineeringTechnicians
Meclanical engineeiing leclnicians eiloim
technical tasks to aid in mechanical engineering
research and in the design, manufacture, as-
sembly, construction, operation, maintenance
and repair of machines, components and me-
clanical equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding leclnical assislance in ieseaicl on
and develomenl ol maclines and meclan-
ical installations, facilities and components,
oi lesling iololyes;
(b) designing and preparing layouts of machines
and mechanical installations, facilities and
components, according to the specications
given;
(d) monitoring technical aspects of manufac-
ture, utilization, maintenance and repair of
machines and mechanical installations, facil-
ities and components to ensure satisfactory
performance and compliance with specica-
lions and iegulalions;
(e) develoing and moniloiing lle imlemen-
tation of safety standards and procedures
loi maiine suivey woil in ielalion lo slis`
lulls, equimenl and caigoes;
(f) assembling and installing new and modied
mechanical assemblies, components, ma-
chine tools and controls, and hydraulic power
syslems;
(g) conducting tests of mechanical systems, col-
lecting and analysing data, and assembling
and installing mechanical assemblies in sup-
oil ol meclanical engineeis;
(h) ensuring that mechanical engineering de-
signs and nished work are within specica-
lions, iegulalions and conliacl iovisions.
y Aeionaulics engineeiing leclnician
y Maiine engineeiing leclnician
y Maiine suiveyoi
y Meclanical engineeiing eslimaloi
y Meclanical engineeiing leclnician
y !ndusliial maclineiy meclanic 7233
y Meclanical maclineiy assemLlei 8211
Unit0rcup3116
ChemicaI Engineering Technicians

Chemical engineering technicians perform tech-
nical tasks to aid in chemical engineering research
and in the design, manufacture, construction, op-
eration, maintenance and repair of chemical plant.
Tasls include
(a) assisling in ieseaicl on and develomenl
of industrial chemical processes, plant and
equimenl, oi lesling iololyes;
(b) designing and preparing layouts of chemical
lanls accoiding lo lle secilcalions given;
(d) monitoring technical aspects of the construc-
tion, installation, operation, maintenance
and repair of chemical plants to ensure sat-
isfactory performance and compliance with
(e) conducting chemical and physical labora-
tory tests to assist scientists and engineers
in maling qualilalive and quanlilalive anal-
yses ol solids, liquids and gaseous maleiials.
y Chemical engineering estimator
y Chemical engineering technician
y Clemical leclnician 3111
y Clemical iocess leclnician 3133
Unit0rcup3117
MiningandMetaIIurgicaITechnicians
Mining and melalluigical leclnicians eiloim
leclnical lasls lo assisl in ieseaicl and exeii-
menls ielaled lo melalluigy, in imioving mellods
ol exliacling solid mineials, oil and gas, and in
the design, construction, operation, maintenance
and repair of mines and mine installations, of sys-
tems for transporting and storing oil and natural
gas, and loi exliaclion ol melals liom oies.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding leclnical assislance lo aid in ie-
seaicl on and develomenl ol iocesses lo
determine the properties of metals and new
alloys;
(L) ioviding leclnical assislance in geological
and loogialical suiveys and in lle design
and layout of oil, natural gas and mineral ore
exliaclion and liansoilalion syslems, and
processing and rening plants for minerals
and melals;
loi mineial, oil and naluial gas exloialion,
exliaclion, iocessing and liansoil iojecls;
(d) monitoring technical, regulatory and safety
aspects of the construction, installation, op-
eration, maintenance and repair of mineral
oie, oil and naluial gas exloialion, exliac-
tion, transport and storage installations and
mineial iocessing lanls;
(e) helping plan and design mines, mine shafts,
lunnels and undeigiound lisl-aid lacililies;
(f) collecting and preparing rock, mineral and
metal samples, performing laboratory tests
to determine properties, analysing and re-
porting test results and maintaining testing
equimenl;
(g) using microscopes, electromagnetic irradia-
tion machines, spectrometers, spectrographs,
densilomeleis and lension lesling maclines;
(h) assisting scientists in the use of electrical,
sonic or nuclear measuring instruments in
Loll laLoialoiy and ioduclion aclivilies lo
obtain data indicating potential sources of
metallic ore, gas or petroleum.
y Melalluigical leclnician
y Mine insecloi
y Mining engineeiing leclnician
y Geology leclnician 3111
y Minei 8111
y Mining lanl oeialoi 8111
y Quaiiiei 8111
Unit0rcup3118
Draughtspersons
Diaugllseisons ieaie leclnical diawings,
maps and illustrations from sketches, measure-
ments and other data, and copy nal drawings
and paintings onto printing plates.
Tasls include
(a) ieaiing and ievising woiling diawings
from sketches and specications prepared by
engineers and designers for the manufacture,
installation and erection of machinery and
equimenl oi loi lle consliuclion, modilca-
tion, maintenance and repair of buildings,
dams, bridges, roads and other architectural
and civil engineeiing iojecls;
(b) operati ng computer-aided design and
diauglling equimenl lo cieale, modily and
generate hard-copy and digital representa-
lions ol woiling diawings;
(c) oeialing digilizing laLle oi similai equi-
ment to transfer hard-copy representation of
woiling diawings, mas and ollei cuives lo
digilal loim;
(d) ieaiing and ievising illuslialions loi ielei-
ence works, brochures and technical manuals
dealing with the assembly, installation, oper-
ation, maintenance and repair of machinery
and ollei equimenl and goods;
(e) copying drawings and paintings onto stone
oi melal lales loi iinling;
(f) preparing wiring diagrams, circuit board as-
sembly diagrams and layout drawings used
for manufacture, installation and repair
ol elecliical equimenl in lacloiies, owei
lanls and Luildings;
(g) creating detailed working diagrams of ma-
clineiy and meclanical devices, including
dimensions, fastening methods and other
engineeiing inloimalion;
(h) arranging for completed drawings to be re-
produced for use as working drawings.
y Diaugllseison
y Teclnical illuslialoi
y Cailogialei 2165
y Suiveyoi 2165
Unit0rcup3119
PhysicaIandEngineering5cienceTechnicians
Tlis unil giou coveis lysical and engineeiing
science technicians not classied elsewhere in
Minoi Giou 311: Plysical and Lngineeiing Sci-
ence Teclnicians. !oi inslance, lle unil giou
includes those who assist scientists and engineers
engaged in develoing ioceduies oi conducling
ieseaicl on salely in Liomedical, enviionmenlal
or industrial and production engineering.
(a) collecling dala and ioviding leclnical assis-
lance iegaiding: emcienl, sale and economic
ulilizalion ol eisonnel, maleiial and equi-
menl; mellods ol woil and sequence ol oei-
alions and sueivision ol lleii imlemenlalion;
and emcienl layoul ol lanl oi eslaLlislmenl;
(b) aiding in the identication of potential haz-
ards and introducing safety procedures and
devices;
(c) modilying and lesling equimenl and devices
used in lle ievenlion, conliol and iemedia-
lion ol enviionmenlal ollulion, in sile ieme-
dialion and land ieclamalion;
(d) assisling in lle develomenl ol enviion-
menlal ollulion iemedialion devices undei
lle diieclion ol an engineei;
(e) assisting engineers in testing and designing
ioLolics equimenl.
y Engineering technician (production)
y !iie invesligaloi
y Forensic science technician
y Quanlily suiveying leclnician
y Robotics technician
y Time and molion sludy leclnician
y Pioduclion engineei 2141
y Aeionaulics engineeiing leclnician 3115
Mincr0rcup312
Mining, Manufacturing and Construction 5upervisors
Mining, manulacluiing and consliuclion sueivisois cooidinale, sueivise, conliol and
scledule lle aclivilies ol woileis in manulacluiing, mining and consliuclion oeialions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oveiseeing, sueivising and cooidinaling lle aclivilies ol
tradespersons, process control technicians, machine operators, assemblers, labourers and
ollei woileis; oiganizing and lanning daily woil; ieaiing cosl eslimales, iecoids and
ieoils; idenlilying sloilages ol sla oi sulies; ensuiing salely ol woileis; insliucling and
liaining new sla.
3121 Mining 5upervisors
3122 Manufacturing 5upervisors
3123 Construction 5upervisors
Notes
1oLs classiled in Minoi Giou 312: Mining, Manulacluiing and Consliuclion Sueivisois mainly in-
volve lanning, oiganizing, cooidinaling, conliolling and diiecling lle woil done Ly olleis. Mosl ol
lle lime woileis emloyed in llese joLs do nol eiloim lle lasls eiloimed Ly llose lley sueivise,
alllougl lley liequenlly lave exlensive exeiience in eiloimance ol llese lasls. Tlose wlo caiiy oul
lle lasls and dulies ol lle joLs lley sueivise, in addilion lo conliolling lle leclnical qualily ol lle
woil done Ly olleis, slould Le classiled will lle woileis lley sueivise. Tlese sueivisoiy joLs ollen
aie called loiemen/women oi leam leadeis.
!n dislinguisling Lelween manageis classiled in Majoi Giou 1: Manageis, and sueivisois, classiled
in ollei majoi gious, il slould Le noled llal Loll manageis and sueivisois may lan, oiganize, cooid-
inale, conliol and diiecl lle woil done Ly olleis. !n addilion, manageis usually lave iesonsiLilily loi
and male decisions aLoul: lle oveiall slialegic and oeialional diieclion ol a Lusiness oi oiganizalional
unil (loi examle aLoul lle linds, quanlily and qualily ol goods lo Le ioduced); Ludgels (low mucl
money is lo Le senl and loi wlal uioses); and lle seleclion, aoinlmenl and dismissal ol sla.
Sueivisois may iovide advice and assislance lo manageis on llese malleis, esecially in ielalion lo
sla seleclion and dismissal, Lul do nol lave aulloiily lo male decisions.
!l slould Le noled llal il is nol a necessaiy condilion llal manageis lave iesonsiLilily loi all lliee ol
slialegic and oeialional diieclion, Ludgels and sla seleclion and dismissal. Tle degiee ol aulonomy
lley exeicise may also vaiy. Tle ciilical dieience is llal sueivisois aie iesonsiLle only loi lle suei-
vision ol lle aclivilies ol ollei woileis, wleieas manageis lave oveiall iesonsiLilily loi lle oeialions
of an organizational unit.
Unit0rcup3121
Mining 5upervisors
Mining sueivisois oveisee mining and quai-
iying oeialions and diieclly sueivise and
cooidinale lle aclivilies ol mineis woiling in
undeigiound and suilace mines and quaiiies.
Tasls include
(a) sueivising and cooidinaling lle aclivilies
ol woileis wlo exliacl mineials and ollei
natural deposits from the earth, and who
oeiale undeigiound conveyances oi leavy
equimenl in suilace mines and quaiiies;
(b) establishing methods to meet work sched-
ules and recommending measures to mining
manageis lo imiove ioduclivily;
(c) working with managerial and technical per-
sonnel, other departments and contractors to
iesolve oeialional ioLlems and cooidinale
aclivilies;
(d) ioviding ieoils and ollei inloimalion lo
mining managers about all aspects of mining
oi quaiiying oeialions;
(e) determining stafng and material needs for
lle mine oi quaiiy.
y Mine deuly
y Mine sueivisoi
y Mine undei-managei
y Quaiiy sueivisoi
y Mine managei 1322
y Mine insecloi 3117
y Minei 8111
y Quaiiiei 8111
Unit0rcup3122
Manufacturing 5upervisors
Manulacluiing sueivisois cooidinale and su-
eivise lle aclivilies ol iocess conliol leclni-
cians, machine operators, assemblers and other
manufacturing labourers.
Tasls include
(a) cooidinaling and sueivising lle aclivilies
of process control technicians, machine op-
erators, assemblers and other manufacturing
laLouieis;
(b) organizing and planning the daily work with
iegaid lo lans, economy, sla and envii-
onmenl;
(c) preparing cost estimates, records and re-
oils;
(d) idenlilying sloilage ol sla oi comonenls;
(e) ensuiing salely ol woileis;
(l) insliucling and liaining new sla.
y Aiea cooidinaloi (manulacluiing)
y AssemLly sueivisoi
y !inisling sueivisoi
y Pioduclion sueivisoi (manulacluiing)
y Manulacluiing managei 1321
Unit0rcup3123
Construction 5upervisors
Consliuclion sueivisois cooidinale, sueivise
and scledule lle aclivilies ol woileis engaged
in the construction and repair of buildings and
structures.
Tasls include
(a) reading specications to determine construc-
lion iequiiemenls and lanning ioceduies;
(b) organizing and coordinating the material and
luman iesouices iequiied lo comlele joLs;
(c) examining and insecling woil iogiess;
(d) examining equimenl and consliuclion siles
lo ensuie llal lealll and salely iequiiemenls
aie mel;
(e) sueivising consliuclion siles and cooidi-
naling woil will ollei consliuclion iojecls;
(l) sueivising lle aclivilies ol Luilding liades
workers, labourers and other construction
workers.
y Building consliuclion sueivisoi
y Site manager (construction)
y Consliuclion iojecl managei 1323
y Piojecl Luildei 1323
y Cleil ol woils 3112
Mincr0rcup313
ProcessControITechnicians
Process control technicians operate and monitor switchboards, computerized control systems
and mulli-lunclion iocess conliol maclineiy; and mainlain iocessing unils in elecliical owei
generation and distribution, wastewater, sewage treatment and waste disposal plants, chemical,
petroleum and natural gas reneries, in metal processing and other multiple process operations.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing eleclionic oi comuleiized conliol anels liom
a cenlial conliol ioom lo moniloi and olimize iocesses; conliolling iocess slail-u and
slul-down; oeialing and moniloiing swilclLoaids and ielaled equimenl; moniloiing and
insecling equimenl and syslems lo delecl mallunclions; laling ieadings liom clails, meleis
and gauges al eslaLlisled inleivals; liouLleslooling and laling coiieclive aclion as necessaiy;
mainlaining iecoids, logs and ieoils; communicaling will ollei eisonnel lo assess equi-
menl oeialing slalus; cleaning and mainlaining equimenl; sueivising lanl and macline
operators, assemblers and other workers.
3131 Power Production PIant Dperators
3132 !ncinerator and Water Treatment PIant Dperators
3133 ChemicaI Processing PIant ControIIers
3134 PetroIeum and NaturaI Sas Pening PIant Dperators
3135 MetaIProductionProcessControIIers
3139 Process ControI Technicians Not EIsewhere CIassied
Notes
!n some joLs, lle woil ol iocess conliol leclnicians may Le comLined will sueivision ol sla in
ollei occualions, sucl as lanl and macline oeialois and assemLleis. Tlese joLs slould Le classiled
in Minoi Giou 313: Piocess Conliol Teclnicians, unless sueivision ol ollei woileis is lle cleaily
iedominanl elemenl ol lle woil and lle iocess conliol aclivilies aie ielalively simle. !oi examle,
a clemical iocessing lanl conliollei wlo oeiales and monilois clemical iocessing unils and equi-
menl liom a cenlial conliol ioom, and also sueivises lle aclivilies ol clemical ioducls lanl and
macline oeialois, slould Le classiled in \nil Giou 3133: Clemical Piocessing Planl Conliolleis.
A sueivisoi ol assemLleis, lowevei, wlo is also iesonsiLle loi slail-u and slul-down ol a ailially
aulomaled assemLly line is classiled in \nil Giou 3122: Manulacluiing Sueivisois.
Oeialois ol single iocess lanl and maclines, oi ol maclineiy llal does nol involve aulomaled
conliol ol mullile iocesses, aie nol included in Minoi Giou 313: Piocess Conliol Teclnicians. Sucl
occualions aie mainly classiled in Majoi Giou 8: Planl and Macline Oeialois and AssemLleis.
All mining lanl oeialois aie classiled in \nil Giou 8111: Mineis and Quaiiieis.
Unit0rcup3131
Power Production PIant Dperators

Power production plant operators operate,
monitor and maintain switchboards and related
equimenl in elecliical conliol cenlies wlicl
control the production and distribution of elec-
trical or other power in transmission networks.
Tle equimenl oeialed includes ieaclois, lui-
Lines, geneialois and ollei auxiliaiy equimenl
in electrical power-generating stations.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing, moniloiing and insecling vaiious
lyes ol eneigy-geneialing owei lanls;
(b) operating and controlling power-generating
syslems and equimenl including Loileis,
turbines, generators, condensers and reac-
tors in hydro, thermal, coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power plants to generate and dis-
liiLule elecliical owei;
(c) controlling start-up and shut-down of power
lanl equimenl, conliolling swilcling oei-
alions, iegulaling walei levels and communi-
cating with systems operators to regulate and
cooidinale liansmission loads, liequency
and line vollages;
(d) taking readings from charts, meters and
gauges al eslaLlisled inleivals, liouLle-
slooling and eiloiming coiieclive aclion
as necessaiy;
(e) completing and maintaining station records,
logs and reports, and communicating with
ollei lanl eisonnel lo assess equimenl
oeialing slalus;
(l) cleaning and mainlaining equimenl sucl
as generators, boilers, turbines, pumps and
comiessois in oidei lo ievenl equimenl
failure or deterioration.
y DisliiLulion conliol oeialoi
y Electric power plant operator
y Geneialing slalion oeialoi
y Hydroelectric power plant operator
y Nuclear power plant operator
y Power system operator
y Solar power plant operator
y Sleam engine and Loilei oeialois 8182
Unit0rcup3132
!ncinerator and Water Treatment PIant Dperators

Incinerator and water treatment plant operators
monitor and operate computerized control sys-
lems and ielaled equimenl in solid and liquid
waste treatment plants to regulate the treatment
and disposal of sewage and wastes, and in water
ltration and treatment plants to regulate the
treatment and distribution of water.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring computerized
control systems, machinery and related
equimenl in waslewalei liealmenl, sewage
liealmenl and liquid wasle lanls lo iegulale
ow, liealmenl and disosal ol sewage and
wastes, and in water ltration and treatment
plants to regulate the treatment and distribu-
tion of water for human consumption and for
lalei disosal inlo naluial walei syslems;
(b) controlling the operation of multiple-hearth
incineialoi luinaces and ielaled equimenl
to burn sludge and solid waste in waste treat-
menl lanls;
(c) insecling equimenl and moniloiing o-
erating conditions, meters, lters, chlorina-
tors and gauges in central control rooms to
deleimine load iequiiemenls, lo veiily llal
ows, iessuies and lemeialuies aie willin
secilcalion, and lo delecl mallunclions;
(d) moniloiing and adjusling conliols ol auxil-
iaiy equimenl sucl as exlausl emissions,
sciuLLeis and incineialoi leal iecoveiy unils;
(e) collecting and testing water and sewage sam-
ples for chemical and bacterial content, using
lesl equimenl and coloui analysis slandaids;
(f) analysing test results to make adjustments to
lanl equimenl and syslems lo disinlecl and
deodoiize walei and ollei liquids;
(g) performing security and safety checks in
lanl and on giounds;
(h) completing and maintaining plant logs and
reports.
y Incinerator operator
y Iiquid wasle iocess oeialoi
y Pumping-station operator
y Sewage plant operator
y Wastewater operator
y Water treatment plant operator
Unit0rcup3133
ChemicaI Processing PIant ControIIers

Chemical processing plant controllers operate and
monitor chemical plants and related multi-func-
tion process control machinery, and adjust and
mainlain iocessing unils and equimenl wlicl
distil, lter, separate, heat or rene chemicals.
Tasls include
(a) operating electronic or computerized con-
trol panels from a central control room to
monitor and optimize physical and chemical
iocesses loi seveial iocessing unils;
(L) adjusling equimenl, valves, ums, conliols
and iocess equimenl;
(c) controlling the preparation, measuring and
feeding of raw materials and processing agents
sucl as calalysls and llleiing media inlo lanl;
(d) controlling process start-up and shut-down,
troubleshooting and monitoring outside
iocess equimenl;
(e) veiilying equimenl loi mallunclions, cai-
rying out routine operating tests and ar-
ianging loi mainlenance;
(f) analysing sample products, performing tests,
recording data and writing production logs.
y Chemical ltering and separating
equimenl oeialoi
y Chemical heat treating plant operator
y Chemical process technician
y Chemical still and reactor operator
y Petroleum and natural gas rening plant
oeialoi 3134
y Chemical products plant and machine
oeialoi 8131
Unit0rcup3134
PetroIeum and NaturaI Sas Pening PIant

Dperators
Petroleum and natural gas rening plant opera-
tors operate and monitor plants and adjust and
mainlain iocessing unils and equimenl wlicl
refine, distil and treat petroleum, petroleum-
based products and by-products, or natural gas.
Tasls include
(a) operating electronic or computerized con-
trol panels from a central control room to
monitor and optimize physical and chemical
iocesses loi seveial iocessing unils;
(L) adjusling equimenl, valves, ums, conliols
(c) controlling process start-up and shut-down,
iocess equimenl;
(d) veiilying equimenl loi mallunclions, lesling
well pipes for leaks and fractures and ar-
(e) analysing sample products, performing tests,
y Blender operator (petroleum and natural
gas rening)
y Gas lanl oeialoi
y Parafn plant operator
y Petroleum process operator
y Renery process technician
y Still operator (petroleum and natural gas
rening)
y Clemical iocessing lanl conliollei
3133
y Chemical products plant and machine
oeialoi 8131
Unit0rcup3135
MetaIProductionProcessControIIers
Melal ioduclion iocess conliolleis oeiale
and monitor multi-function process control ma-
clineiy and equimenl lo conliol lle iocessing
ol melal conveiling and ielning luinaces, melal-
rolling mills and metal heat-treating or metal-
exliusion lanls.
Tasls include
(a) coordinating and monitoring the operation
of a particular aspect of metal processing
production through control panels, computer
terminals or other control systems, usually
liom a cenlial conliol ioom;
(b) operating multi-function central process
control machinery to grind, separate, lter,
melt, roast, treat, rene or otherwise process
melals;
(c) oLseiving comulei iinlouls, video monilois
and gauges lo veiily seciled iocessing con-
dilions and lo male necessaiy adjuslmenls;
(d) cooidinaling and sueivising ioduclion
crew such as machine and process operators,
assislanls and leleis;
(e) starting up and shutting down the produc-
tion system in cases of emergency or as re-
quiied Ly scledule;
(l) ioviding and oiganizing liaining loi mem-
Leis ol ioduclion ciews;
(g) maintaining shift logs of production and
other data and preparing production and
other reports.
y Blast furnace operator
y Central control caster
y Rolling mill control operator
y Iadle ouiei 8121
y Sleel iollei 8121
y Melal lnisling macline oeialoi 8122
Unit0rcup3139
Process ControI Technicians Not EIsewhere

CIassied
Tlis unil giou coveis iocess conliol leclni-
cians nol classiled elsewleie in Minoi Giou313:
Piocess Conliol Teclnicians. !oi inslance, lle
unit group includes those who operate multiple
iocess conliol equimenl in manulacluiing as-
sembly lines and paper and pulp production.
y Aulomaled assemLly line oeialoi
y Industrial robot controller
y Panel board operator (pulp and paper)
y Paper pulp renery operator
y Pulping control operator
y Pulping technician
Note
All mining lanl oeialois aie classilied in \nil
Giou8111: Mineis and Quaiiieis.
Mincr0rcup314
Life5cienceTechniciansandPeIatedAssociateProfessionaIs
Iile science leclnicians and ielaled associale iolessionals eiloim a vaiiely ol leclnical
lasls lo suoil lile science iolessionals will lleii ieseaicl, develomenl, managemenl,
conseivalion and ioleclion woil, in aieas sucl as Liology, Lolany, zoology, Lioleclnology
and biochemistry, and to agriculture, sheries and forestry.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: conducling lesls, exeiimenls, laLoialoiy analyses, leld ie-
seaicl and suiveys lo collecl inloimalion Ly using acceled scienlilc mellods; leeing ie-
coids; assisling in analysing dala and ieaiing ieoils; oeialing and mainlaining equimenl.
3141 Life 5cience Technicians (excIuding MedicaI)
3142 AgricuIturaITechnicians
3143ForestryTechnicians
Unit0rcup3141
Life 5cience Technicians (excIuding MedicaI)

Iile science leclnicians (excluding medical)
iovide leclnical suoil lo lile science io-
fessionals undertaking research, analysis and
lesling ol living oiganisms, and develomenl and
application of products and processes resulting
from research in areas such as natural resource
managemenl, enviionmenlal ioleclion, lanl
and animal biology, microbiology, and cell and
molecular biology.
Tasls include
(a) assisting in designing, setting up and con-
ducling exeiimenls;
(b) setting up, calibrating, operating and main-
laining laLoialoiy insliumenls and equi-
menl;
(c) collecting and preparing specimens and
samples, chemical solutions and slides and
giowing culluies loi use in exeiimenls;
(d) eiloiming iouline leld and laLoialoiy lesls;
(e) moniloiing exeiimenls lo ensuie adleience
lo coiiecl laLoialoiy qualily conliol io-
ceduies and lealll and salely guidelines;
(l) maling oLseivalions ol lesls and analysing,
calculating, recording and reporting test re-
sulls using aioiiale scienlilc mellods;
(g) ieseiving, classilying and calaloguing sec-
imens and samles;
(l) leeing delailed logs ol woil eiloimed;
(i) using comuleis lo develo models and ana-
lyse dala;
(j) using comlex and ligl-oweied equimenl
lo eiloim woil;
(l) ailicialing in lle ieseaicl, develomenl
and manulacluie ol ioducls and iocesses;
(l) oideiing and slocling laLoialoiy sulies;
(m) mainlaining ielevanl dalaLases.
y Bacteriology technician
y Biochemistry technician
y Herbarium technician
y Pharmacology technician
y Serology technician
y Tissue culluie leclnician
y Zoology technician
y !oiensic science leclnician 3119
y Medical laLoialoiy leclnician 3212
y Pallology laLoialoiy leclnician 3212
y Plaimaceulical leclnician 3213
Unit0rcup3142
AgricuIturaITechnicians
Agiiculluial leclnicians eiloim lesls and ex-
eiimenls, and iovide leclnical and scienlilc
support to agricultural scientists, farmers and
farm managers.
Tasls include
(a) ieaiing maleiials and equimenl loi ex-
eiimenls, lesls and analyses;
(b) collecting and preparing specimens such as
soils, plant or animal cells, tissues or parts
ol animal oigans loi exeiimenls, lesls and
analyses;
(c) assisling will and eiloiming exeiimenls,
tests and analyses applying methods and
leclniques sucl as micioscoy, lisloclem-
istry, chromatography, electrophoresis and
seclioscoy;
(d) identifying pathogenic micro-organisms and
insects, parasites, fungi and weeds harmful
lo cios and liveslocl, and assisling in de-
vising mellods ol conliol;
(e) analysing produce to set and maintain stand-
aids ol qualily;
(l) conducling oi sueivising oeialional io-
grammes such as sh hatchery, greenhouse
and liveslocl ioduclion iogiammes;
(g) analysing samles ol seeds loi qualily, uiily
and geiminalion ialing;
(l) collecling dala and eslimaling quanlilies and
cosls ol maleiials and laLoui iequiied loi
iojecls;
(i) organizing maintenance and repairs of re-
seaicl equimenl.
y Daiiy leclnician
y Field crop technician
y Herd tester
y Horticultural technician
y Poultry technician
y Aililcial inseminaloi 3240
y Veleiinaiy leclnician 3240
Unit0rcup3143
ForestryTechnicians
Forestry technicians perform technical and su-
eivisoiy lunclions in suoil ol loiesliy ieseaicl
and loiesl managemenl, laivesling, iesouice
conseivalion and enviionmenlal ioleclion.
Tasls include
(a) conducling loiesl invenloiies, suiveys and
eld measurements following accepted sci-
enlilc and oeialional ioceduies;
(b) assisting in and performing technical func-
tions in the preparation of forest management
and laivesl lans using lologiammeliic
and maing leclniques and comuleiized
inloimalion syslems;
(c) assisling in lanning and sueivision ol con-
sliuclion ol access ioules and loiesl ioads;
(d) imlemenling, sueivising and eiloiming
leclnical lunclions in silviculluial oei-
alions involving sile ieaialion, lanling,
and lending ol liee cios;
(e) cooidinaling aclivilies sucl as limLei scaling,
forest re suppression, disease or insect con-
trol or pre-commercial thinning of forest
slands;
(l) sueivising and eiloiming leclnical lunc-
lions in loiesl laivesling oeialions;
(g) ensuring adherence to regulations and pol-
icies conceining enviionmenlal ioleclion,
resource utilization, re safety and accident
ievenlion;
(l) sueivising loiesl liee nuiseiy oeialions;
(i) ioviding leclnical suoil lo loiesliy ie-
search programmes in areas such as tree im-
iovemenl, seed oiclaid oeialions, insecl
and disease suiveys oi exeiimenlal loiesliy
and loiesl engineeiing ieseaicl;
(j) ieaiing loiesl cullivalion and culling
plans.
y Forestry technician
y Silviculluie leclnician
Mincr0rcup315
5hip and Aircraft ControIIers and Technicians
Sli and aiiciall conliolleis and leclnicians command and navigale slis and aiiciall; ei-
loim leclnical lunclions lo ensuie sale and emcienl movemenl and oeialions; and develo
electrical, electromechanical and computerized air control systems.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: conliolling lle oeialion ol meclanical, elecliical and elec-
lionic equimenl on Loaid sli oi on aiiciall; commanding and navigaling slis oi aiiciall,
diiecling lle movemenls ol slis oi aiiciall; develoing elecliical, elecliomeclanical and
computerized air control systems.
3151 5hips' Engineers
3152 5hips' Deck Dfcers and PiIots
3153AircraftPiIotsandPeIatedAssociateProfessionaIs
3154 Air Trafc ControIIers
3155 Air Trafc 5afety EIectronics Technicians
Unit0rcup3151
5hips' Engineers
Ships engineers control and participate in the
operation, maintenance and repair of mechan-
ical, elecliical and eleclionic equimenl and
machinery on board ship, or perform related
supporting functions on shore.
Tasls include
(a) controlling and participating in the oper-
ation, maintenance and repair of mechan-
ical, elecliical and eleclionic equimenl and
maclineiy on Loaid sli;
(b) ordering fuel and other engine-room depart-
ment stores and maintaining records of oper-
alions;
(c) eiloiming leclnical sueivision ol lle in-
stallation, maintenance and repair of ships
maclineiy and equimenl lo ensuie comli-
ance will secilcalions and iegulalions;
(d) inspecting and conducting maintenance and
emergency repairs to engines, machinery and
auxiliaiy equimenl;
(e) standing engine room watch, monitoring and
noting performance of engines, machinery
and auxiliaiy equimenl.
y Ships engineer
y Maiine engineei 2144
Unit0rcup3152
5hips' Deck Dfcers and PiIots

Ships deck officers and pilots command and
navigale slis and similai vessels, and eiloim
related functions on shore.
Tasls include
(a) commanding and navigaling sli oi similai
vessel al sea oi on inland waleiways;
(b) controlling and participating in deck and
Liidge walcl aclivilies;
(c) navigaling vessels inlo and oul ol oils and
through channels, straits and other waters
wleie secial lnowledge is iequiied;
(d) ensuring safe loading and unloading of cargo
and oLseivance ol salely iegulalions and
ioceduies Ly ciew and assengeis;
(e) eiloiming leclnical sueivision ol main-
tenance and repair of ships to ensure com-
liance will secilcalions and iegulalions;
(f) applying knowledge of principles and prac-
lices ielaling lo slis` oeialion and naviga-
lion in oidei lo idenlily and solve ioLlems
aiising in lle couise ol lleii woil;
(g) ordering ships stores, recruiting crew as
iequiied and mainlaining iecoids ol oei-
alions;
(l) liansmilling and ieceiving iouline and emei-
gency information with shore stations and
other ships.
y Pilot (ship)
y Ships captain
y Skipper (yacht)
y Coaslal lsleiy sliei 6222
y Tiawlei sliei 6223
y Sailoi 8350
Unit0rcup3153
AircraftPiIotsandPeIatedAssociate
ProfessionaIs
Aiiciall ilols and ielaled associale iolessionals
control the operation of mechanical, electrical and
eleclionic equimenl, in oidei lo navigale aiiciall
for transporting passengers, mail and freight, and
eiloim ielaled ie-igll and in-igll lasls.
Tasls include
(a) ying and navigaling aiiciall in accoidance
with established control and operating pro-
ceduies;
(L) ieaiing and suLmilling igll lans oi ex-
amining slandaid igll lans;
(c) controlling the operation of mechanical,
elecliical and eleclionic equimenl and en-
suring that all instruments and controls work
ioeily;
(d) applying knowledge of principles and prac-
lices ol ying in oidei lo idenlily and solve
ioLlems aiising in lle couise ol lleii woil;
(e) examining mainlenance iecoids and con-
ducting inspections to ensure that aircraft
are mechanically sound, maintenance has
Leen eiloimed and llal all equimenl is
oeialional;
(f) signing necessary certificates and main-
laining omcial iecoids ol igll;
(g) obtaining briefings and clearances before
flights and maintaining contact with air
liamc oi igll conliol duiing igll.
y Aeiial cio siayei
y Flight engineer
y Flying instructor
y avigaloi (igll)
y Pilot (aircraft)
Unit0rcup3154
Air Trafc ControIIers

Aii liamc conliolleis diiecl aiiciall movemenls
in airspace and on the ground, using radio, radar
and liglling syslems, and iovide inloimalion
ielevanl lo lle oeialion ol aiiciall.
Tasls include
(a) directing and controlling aircraft ap-
ioacling and leaving aiioil and lleii
movemenl on lle giound;
(b) directing and controlling aircraft operating
in designaled aiisace seclois;
(c) examining and aioving igll lans;
(d) inloiming igll ciew and oeialions sla
about weather conditions, operational facil-
ilies, igll lans and aii liamc;
(e) applying knowledge of principles and prac-
tices of air trafc control in order to identify
and solve ioLlems aiising in lle couise ol
lleii woil;
(f) initiating and organizing emergency, search
and iescue seivices and ioceduies;
(g) diiecling aclivilies ol all aiiciall and seivice
velicles on oi neai aiioil iunways;
(h) maintaining radio and telephone contact
with adjacent control towers, terminal con-
trol units and other control centres, and
cooidinaling lle movemenl ol aiiciall inlo
adjoining areas.
y Aii liamc conliollei
Unit0rcup3155
Air Trafc 5afety EIectronics Technicians

Aii liamc salely eleclionics leclnicians eiloim
technical tasks concerning the design, installa-
tion, management, operation, maintenance and
ieaii ol aii liamc conliol and aii navigalion
systems.
Tasls include
(a) carrying out technical duties related to the
develomenl ol eleclionic and comuleiized
aii navigalion syslems and equimenl, and
lesling iololyes;
(L) ioviding leclnical lel in lle design and
layout of specic interface circuitry of air
navigalion and aiiciall deleclion liacling
syslems;
(c) preparing and contributing to the prep-
aration of cost estimates and technical and
training specications for air trafc control
and salely equimenl;
(d) ioviding oi assisling will lle leclnical su-
eivision ol consliuclion, inslallalion and
oeialion ol giound-Lased aii navigalion
equimenl and ils mainlenance and ieaii
to ensure that standards and specications
aie mel;
(e) applying the knowledge and skills of air
trafc safety engineering principles and prac-
lices in oidei lo idenlily and solve ioLlems
aiising in lle couise ol lleii woil;
(l) develoing, modilying and deLugging syslem
sollwaie;
(g) modilying exisling giound-Lased aii naviga-
lion syslems and equimenl lo adal llem lo
new air trafc control procedures, in order to
imiove caaLilily, ieliaLilily and inlegiily,
or to facilitate air trafc control procedures
and aiisace designalion;
(h) controlling, monitoring and certifying commu-
nicalion navigalion and suiveillance aii liamc
managemenl equimenl, and caliLialing lle
giound-Lased aii navigalion syslem lo ensuie
maximum accuiacy and salely ol igll, lale-
o and landing oeialions;
(i) ioviding leclnical liaining and sueivising
other workers.
y Aii liamc salely engineei
y Aii liamc salely leclnician
y Aeionaulical engineei 2144
y Aeiomeclanic 7232
y Aiiciall mainlenance engineei (avionics)
7421
y Avionics leclnician 7421
Sub-ma|cr0rcup32
HeaIthAssociateProfessionaIs
Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and
treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments in humans and animals, and to support
implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical,
veleiinaiy, nuising and ollei lealll iolessionals. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occua-
lions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle lliid !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in lle suL-majoi giou usually include: lesling and oeialing
medical imaging equimenl and adminisleiing iadialion lleiay; eiloiming clinical lesls on
secimens ol Lodily uids and lissues; ieaiing medicalions and ollei laimaceulical com-
ounds undei lle guidance ol laimacisls; designing, llling, seivicing and ieaiiing medical
and denlal devices and aliances; ioviding nuising and eisonal caie and midwileiy su-
oil seivices; using leiLal and ollei lleiaies Lased on lleoiies, Leliels and exeiiences
originating in specic cultures.
321 MedicaI and PharmaceuticaI Technicians
322 Nursing and Midwifery Associate ProfessionaIs
323 TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine Associate ProfessionaIs
324VeterinaryTechniciansandAssistants
325DtherHeaIthAssociateProfessionaIs
Mincr0rcup321
MedicaI and PharmaceuticaI Technicians
Medical and laimaceulical leclnicians eiloim leclnical lasls lo assisl in diagnosis and
treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lesling and oeialing iadiogialic, ulliasound and ollei
medical imaging equimenl; adminisleiing iadiolaimaceulicals oi iadialion lo alienls lo
delecl oi lieal diseases; eiloiming clinical lesls on secimens ol Lodily uids and lissues;
preparing medications and other pharmaceutical compounds under the guidance of pharma-
cisls; designing, llling, seivicing and ieaiiing medical and denlal devices and aliances.
3211 MedicaI !maging and Therapeutic Equipment Technicians
3212 MedicaI and PathoIogy Laboratory Technicians
3213 PharmaceuticaI Technicians and Assistants
3214 MedicaIandDentaIProstheticTechnicians
Unit0rcup3211
MedicaI !maging and Therapeutic

Equipment Technicians
Medical imaging and lleiaeulic equimenl
technicians test and operate radiographic, ultra-
sound and ollei medical imaging equimenl lo
produce images of body structures for the diag-
nosis and treatment of injury, disease and other
imaiimenls. Tley may adminislei iadialion
liealmenls lo alienls undei lle sueivision ol a
radiologist or other health professional.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing oi oveiseeing oeialion ol ia-
diologic, ultrasound and magnetic imaging
equimenl lo ioduce images ol lle Lody loi
diagnoslic uioses;
(L) exlaining ioceduies, oLseiving and osi-
lioning alienls, and using ioleclion devices
lo ensuie salely and comloil duiing examin-
alion, scan oi liealmenl;
(c) osilioning imaging oi liealmenl equimenl,
moniloiing video dislays, and adjusling
settings and controls according to technical
secilcalions;
(d) ieviewing and evalualing develoed X-iays,
videolae oi comulei-geneialed inloima-
tion to determine if images are satisfactory
for diagnostic purposes, and recording re-
sulls ol ioceduies;
(e) monitoring patients conditions and reac-
tions, and reporting abnormal signs to a
medical iaclilionei;
(f) measuring and recording radiation dosage or
iadiolaimaceulicals ieceived and used loi
patients, following prescriptions issued by a
medical iaclilionei;
(g) administering, detecting and mapping radio-
pharmaceuticals or radiation in patients bodies,
using iadioisoloe, cameia oi ollei equimenl
loi diagnosing and liealing diseases;
(l) iecoiding and disosing ol iadioaclive ma-
terials and storing radiopharmaceuticals,
following radiation safety procedures.
y Diagnoslic medical iadiogialei
y Magnelic iesonance imaging leclnologisl
y Mammogialei
y Medical iadialion lleiaisl
y Nuclear medicine technologist
y Radiographer
y Sonographer
y Medical lysicisl 2111
y Radiologisl 2212
y Medical imaging assislanl 5329
Unit0rcup3212
MedicaI and PathoIogy Laboratory Technicians

Medical and allology laLoialoiy leclnicians
perform clinical tests on specimens of bodily
uids and lissues in oidei lo oLlain inloimalion
about the health of a patient or cause of death.
Tasls include
(a) conducling clemical analysis ol Lody uids,
including Llood, uiine and sinal uid, lo
determine presence of normal and abnormal
comonenls;
(b) operating, calibrating and maintaining
equimenl used in quanlilalive and qualila-
live analysis, sucl as secliololomeleis,
caloiimeleis, ame lolomeleis and com-
ulei-conliolled analyseis;
(c) entering data from analysis of laboratory
tests and clinical results into record-keeping
systems, and reporting results to medical
iaclilioneis and ollei lealll iolessionals;
(d) analysing samples of biological material for
clemical conlenl oi ieaclion;
(e) setting up, cleaning and maintaining labora-
loiy equimenl;
(f) analysing laboratory ndings to check the
accuiacy ol lle iesulls;
(g) establishing and monitoring programmes to
ensure the accuracy of laboratory results,
and develoing, slandaidizing, evalualing
and modilying ioceduies, leclniques and
lesls used in lle analysis ol secimens;
(l) oLlaining secimens and cullivaling, isolaling
and idenlilying miciooiganisms loi analysis;
(i) examining cells slained will dye lo locale
aLnoimalilies;
(j) inoculating fertilized eggs, broths or other
bacteriological media with organisms.
y Blood-bank technician
y Cytology technician
y Medical laLoialoiy leclnician
y Pathology laboratory technician
y Pallologisl 2212
y !oiensic science leclnician 3119
y Veleiinaiy leclnician 3240
y PlleLolomisl 5329
Unit0rcup3213
PharmaceuticaI Technicians and Assistants

Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants per-
loim a vaiiely ol lasls associaled will dis-
pensing medicinal products under the guidance
of a pharmacist or other health professional.
Tasls include
(a) preparing medications and other pharma-
ceutical compounds under the guidance of a
laimacisl oi ollei lealll iolessional;
(b) dispensing medicines and drugs to clients
and giving wiillen and oial insliuclions on
their use, as prescribed by medical doctors,
veleiinaiians oi ollei lealll iolessionals;
(c) ieceiving iesciilions oi ielll iequesls liom
lealll iolessionals and veiilying llal inloi-
mation is complete and accurate according
lo medical iecoid-leeing slandaids;
(d) maintaining proper storage and security con-
dilions loi diugs;
(e) filling and labelling containers with pre-
sciiLed medicalions;
(l) assisling clienls Ly answeiing queslions, lo-
cating items or referring them to a pharma-
cisl loi medicalion inloimalion;
(g) iicing and liling iesciilions llal lave
been lled and establishing and maintaining
patient records, including lists of medica-
lions lalen Ly individual alienls;
(h) ordering, labelling and counting stocks of
medications, chemicals and supplies, and
enleiing invenloiy dala inlo iecoid-leeing
syslems;
(i) cleaning and ieaiing equimenl and con-
tainers used to prepare and dispense medi-
cines and pharmaceutical compounds.
y Disensing leclnician
y Pharmaceutical assistant
y Pharmaceutical technician
y Plaimacisl 2262
y Plaimacology leclnician 3141
y Plaimacy aide 5329
Unit0rcup3214
MedicaIandDentaIProstheticTechnicians
Medical and denlal iosllelic leclnicians design,
ll, seivice and ieaii medical and denlal devices
and appliances following prescriptions or instruc-
lions eslaLlisled Ly a lealll iolessional. Tley
may seivice a wide iange ol suoil insliumenls
to correct physical medical or dental problems,
such as neck braces, orthopaedic splints, articial
limbs, hearing aids, arch supports, dentures, and
dental crowns and bridges.
Tasls include
(a) examining, inleiviewing and measuiing a-
tients in order to determine their appliance
needs, and to identify factors that could
aecl aliance ll;
(b) conferring with medical and dental practi-
tioners in order to formulate specications
and iesciilions loi devices and aliances;
(c) interpreting prescriptions or specications to
deleimine lle lye ol ioducl oi device lo Le
fabricated, and the materials and tools that
will Le iequiied;
(d) maling oi ieceiving casls oi imiessions ol
patients torsos, limbs, mouths or teeth for
use as laLiicalion alleins;
(e) designing and making orthotic and prosthetic
devices using maleiials sucl as lleimolaslic
and thermosetting materials, metal alloys
and leallei, and land and owei lools;
(l) llling aliances and devices lo alienls,
lesling and evalualing llem, and maling
adjustments for proper fit, function and
comloil;
(g) repairing, modifying and maintaining med-
ical and denlal iosllelic and suoilive de-
vices, accoiding lo secilcalions;
(h) bending, forming and shaping fabric or
material so that it conforms to prescribed
contours needed to fabricate structural com-
onenls;
(i) fabricating full and partial dentures and
constructing mouth guards, crowns, metal
class, inlays, Liidgewoil and ollei aids;
(j) instructing patients in the use and care of
iosllelic oi oillolic devices.
y Denlal meclanic
y Denlal leclnician
y Denluiisl
y Orthopaedic appliance maker
y Orthotic technician
y Orthotist
y Prosthetic technician
y Prosthetist
y Denlal aide 5329
y Suigical insliumenl malei 7311
Note
Occualions included in llis unil noimally iequiie some
medical, dental and anatomical and engineering know-
ledge oLlained lliougl loimal liaining. Teclnicians
who construct and repair precision medical and surgical
instruments are not included here.
Mincr0rcup322
Nursing and Midwifery Associate ProfessionaIs
uising and midwileiy associale iolessionals iovide Lasic nuising and eisonal caie loi
people who are physically or mentally ill, disabled or inrm, and for others in need of care
due lo olenlial iisls lo lealll including Leloie, duiing and allei clildLiill. Tley geneially
woil undei lle sueivision ol, and in suoil ol, imlemenlalion ol lealll caie, liealmenl
and referral plans established by medical, nursing, midwifery and other health professionals.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ioviding nuising and eisonal caie, liealmenl and advice
lo alienls accoiding lo caie lans eslaLlisled Ly lealll iolessionals; assisling iolessional
nuises, midwives and medical doclois in adminisleiing medicalion and liealmenls; cleaning
wounds and alying suigical diessings; ioviding advice lo individuals, lamilies and com-
munilies on loics ielaled lo lealll, conliacelion, iegnancy and clildLiill; assessing io-
giess duiing iegnancy and clildLiill, ioviding oi assisling in deliveiy caie and iecognizing
signs and symloms iequiiing ieleiial lo a lealll iolessional; ioviding caie and suoil lo
women and newborns following childbirth.
3221NursingAssociateProfessionaIs
3222 Midwifery Associate ProfessionaIs
Note
Tle dislinclions Lelween nuising and midwileiy iolessionals and associale iolessionals slould Le
made on the basis of the nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specied in this denition
and in lle ielevanl unil giou delnilions. Tle qualilcalions leld Ly individuals oi llal iedominale in
the country are not the main factor in making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses and
midwives vaiy widely Lelween counliies and lave vaiied ovei lime willin counliies.
Unit0rcup3221
NursingAssociateProfessionaIs
uising associale iolessionals iovide Lasic
nursing and personal care for people in need of
sucl caie due lo eecls ol ageing, illness, injuiy
oi ollei lysical oi menlal imaiimenl. Tley
geneially woil undei lle sueivision ol, and in
support of, implementation of health care, treat-
ment and referral plans established by medical,
nursing and other health professionals.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding nuising and eisonal caie and
liealmenl and lealll advice lo alienls ac-
cording to care plans established by health
iolessionals;
(b) administering medications and other treat-
ments to patients, monitoring patients
condition and responses to treatment, and
referring patients and their families to a
health professional for specialized care as
needed;
(c) cleaning wounds and applying surgical dress-
ings;
(d) updating information on patients condition
and liealmenls ieceived in iecoid-leeing
syslems;
(e) assisting in planning and managing the care
ol individual alienls;
(l) assisling in giving lisl-aid liealmenl in emei-
gencies.
y Assislanl nuise
y Associale iolessional nuise
y Enrolled nurse
y Practical nurse
y Clinical nuise consullanl 2221
y Secialisl nuise 2221
y uising aide (lome) 5322
Note
Tle dislinclion Lelween iolessional and associale
professional nurses should be made on the basis of the
nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks
seciled in llis delnilion. Tle qualilcalions leld Ly
individuals oi llal iedominale in lle counliy aie nol
the main factor in making this distinction, as training
aiiangemenls loi nuises vaiy widely Lelween counliies
and lave vaiied ovei lime willin counliies.
Unit0rcup3222
Midwifery Associate ProfessionaIs

Midwileiy associale iolessionals iovide Lasic
lealll caie and advice Leloie, duiing and allei
iegnancy and clildLiill. Tley imlemenl caie,
treatment and referral plans usually established by
medical, midwifery and other health professionals.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding advice lo women, lamilies and
communities on health, nutrition, hygiene,
exeicise, Liill and emeigency lans, Lieasl-
feeding, infant care, family planning and
contraception, lifestyle and other topics re-
laled lo iegnancy and clildLiill;
(b) assessing progress during pregnancy and child-
birth, and recognizing signs and symptoms re-
quiiing ieleiial lo a lealll iolessional;
(c) ioviding deliveiy caie, usually only in lle
absence of identied potential complications,
or assisting medical doctors or midwifery
iolessionals will deliveiy caie;
(d) ioviding caie and suoil lo women and
newborns following childbirth, monitoring
their health status, and identifying signs and
symloms iequiiing ieleiial lo a lealll io-
fessional.
y Assislanl midwile
y Tiadilional midwile
y Clinical nuise consullanl 2221
y Secialisl nuise 2221
y Biill assislanl 5321
Notes
Tlis unil giou includes occualions loi wlicl comelenl
eiloimance iequiies lnowledge and slills in iouline and
emeigency midwileiy caie acquiied lliougl loimal oi in-
loimal liaining. Tle ciileiia loi inclusion ol individuals in
this unit group should be based on the nature of the work
performed in relation to the tasks specied in this den-
ilion, and nol lle qualilcalions leld Ly individuals oi
llal iedominale in lle counliy. Tiadilional and lay mid-
wives, wlo iovide Lasic iegnancy and Liilling caie and
advice Lased iimaiily on exeiience and lnowledge ac-
quiied inloimally lliougl lle liadilions and iaclices ol
the communities where they originated, are classied here.
Biill assislanls, wlo iovide emolional suoil and
geneial caie and advice lo women and lamilies duiing
iegnancy and laLoui, aie classiled in Minoi Giou 532:
Peisonal Caie Woileis in Healll Seivices.
Mincr0rcup323
TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine Associate ProfessionaIs
Tiadilional and comlemenlaiy medicine associale iolessionals ievenl, caie loi and lieal
human physical and mental illnesses, disorders and injuries using herbal and other therapies
Lased on lleoiies, Leliels and exeiiences oiiginaling in secilc culluies. Tley adminislei lieal-
menls using liadilional leclniques and medicamenls, eillei acling indeendenlly oi accoiding
to therapeutic care plans established by a traditional medicine or other health professional.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: examining alienls and inleiviewing llem and lleii lamilies
to determine their health status and the nature of physical or mental disorders or illnesses
oi ollei ailmenls; iecommending and ioviding caie and liealmenl loi illnesses and ollei
ailmenls using liadilional leclniques and medicamenls, sucl as lysical maniulalion and
exeicises, Llood-lelling using naluial vessels, and ieaialions using leiLs, lanls, insecls and
animal exliacls; adminisleiing liealmenls sucl as acuuncluie and ayuivedic, lomeoallic
and leiLal medicine accoiding lo lleiaeulic caie lans and ioceduies usually develoed Ly
a liadilional medicine oi ollei lealll iolessional; ioviding caie and liealmenl loi lysical
injuries such as setting and healing fractured and dislocated bones using traditional methods
ol lysical maniulalion and leiLal lleiaies; advising individuals, lamilies and lle commu-
nily on lealll, nuliilion, lygiene, lileslyle and ollei issues lo mainlain oi imiove lealll and
well-Leing; ieleiiing alienls lo, and exclanging inloimalion will, ollei lealll caie iovideis
lo ensuie comielensive and conlinuing caie.
3230 TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine Associate ProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup3230
TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine

AssociateProfessionaIs
Tiadilional and comlemenlaiy medicine as-
sociale iolessionals ievenl, caie loi and lieal
human physical and mental illnesses, disorders
and injuries using herbal and other therapies
Lased on lleoiies, Leliels and exeiiences oiigi-
naling in secilic culluies. Tley adminislei
liealmenls using liadilional leclniques and
medicaments, either acting independently or
according to therapeutic care plans established
by a traditional medicine or other health profes-
sional.
Tasls include
(a) examining alienls and inleiviewing llem
and their families to determine their health
status and the nature of physical or mental
disoideis oi illnesses oi ollei ailmenls;
(L) iecommending and ioviding caie and lieal-
ment for illnesses and other ailments using
liadilional leclniques and medicamenls,
sucl as lysical maniulalion and exei-
cises, Llood-lelling using naluial vessels, and
preparations using herbs, plants, insects and
animal exliacls;
(c) administering treatments such as acupunc-
luie and ayuivedic, lomeoallic and leiLal
medicine according to therapeutic care plans
and ioceduies usually develoed Ly a liad-
ilional medicine oi ollei lealll iolessional;
(d) ioviding caie and liealmenl loi lysical inju-
ries such as setting and healing fractured and
dislocated bones using traditional methods of
lysical maniulalion and leiLal lleiaies;
(e) advising individuals, lamilies and lle com-
munity on health, nutrition, hygiene, life-
slyle and ollei issues lo mainlain oi imiove
lealll and well-Leing;
(l) ieleiiing alienls lo, and exclanging inloi-
malion will, ollei lealll caie iovideis lo
ensuie comielensive and conlinuing caie.
y Acuuncluie leclnician
y Ayuivedic leclnician
y Bonesetter
y Herbalist
y Homeopathy technician
y Scraping and cupping therapist
y Village healer
y Witch doctor
y Acuuncluiisl 2230
y Ayuivedic iaclilionei 2230
y Clinese leiLal medicine iaclilionei 2230
y Homeoall 2230
y aluioall 2230
y Cliioiacloi 2269
y Osleoall 2269
y Tiadilional midwile 3222
y !aill lealei 3413
Notes
Occupations in traditional and complementary medicine
loi wlicl comelenl eiloimance iequiies an exlensive
understanding of the benets and applications of trad-
ilional and comlemenlaiy lleiaies, develoed as lle
iesull ol exlended loimal sludy ol llese leclniques as
well as human anatomy and elements of modern medi-
cine, aie classiled in \nil Giou 2230: Tiadilional and
Comlemenlaiy Medicine Piolessionals. Tlose occu-
alions wlose iaclice iequiies a less exlensive undei-
slanding, Lased on ielalively sloil eiiods ol loimal oi
informal education and training, or informally through
lley oiiginaled, aie included in \nil Giou 3230: Tiad-
ilional and Comlemenlaiy Medicine Associale Pioles-
sionals. Practitioners working in the singular application
of approaches to herbal medicines, spiritual therapies or
manual lleiaeulic leclniques aie excluded liom \nil
Giou 2230.
Faith healers who treat human ailments through spir-
itual therapies, without using herbal therapies or other
medicaments or physical treatments, are included in
\nil Giou 3413: Religious Associale Piolessionals.
Occualions llal iovide lleiay using liadilional
forms of massage and the application of pressure, such as
acupressure and shiatsu therapists, are classied in Unit
Giou 3255: Plysiolleiay Teclnicians and Assislanls.
Tiadilional and lay midwives, wlo iovide Lasic ieg-
nancy and Liilling caie and advice Lased iimaiily on
exeiience and lnowledge acquiied inloimally lliougl
lley oiiginaled, aie classiled in \nil Giou 3222: Mid-
wileiy Associale Piolessionals.
Mincr0rcup324
VeterinaryTechniciansandAssistants
Veleiinaiy leclnicians and assislanls caiiy oul advisoiy, diagnoslic, ievenlive and cuialive
veleiinaiy lasls moie limiled in scoe and comlexily llan llose caiiied oul Ly veleiinaiians.
Tley caie loi animals undei liealmenl and in lemoiaiy iesidence al veleiinaiy lacililies and
assisl veleiinaiians lo eiloim ioceduies and oeialions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: advising communilies and individuals on lle liealmenl ol
animals and lleii diseases and injuiies; conducling examinalions ol animals lo male diag-
noses oi ielei moie dimcull cases lo veleiinaiians wlen needed; liealing ill oi injuied animals,
esecially loi common diseases and disoideis; cleaning and sleiilizing examinalion laLles and
insliumenls and ieaiing maleiials used in lle examinalion and liealmenl ol animals; cai-
iying oul leclnical lasls connecled will aililcial inseminalion ol animals; gelling animals
ieady loi examinalion oi liealmenl and iesliaining oi lolding llem duiing liealmenl; as-
sisling veleiinaiians lo adminislei anaesllelics and oxygen duiing liealmenl; lacing animals
in cages loi iecoveiy liom oeialions and moniloiing lleii condilion.
3240VeterinaryTechniciansandAssistants
Unit0rcup3240
VeterinaryTechniciansandAssistants
Veterinary technicians and assistants carry out ad-
visoiy, diagnoslic, ievenlive and cuialive veleii-
naiy lasls moie limiled in scoe and comlexily
than those carried out by, and with the guidance of,
veleiinaiians. Tley caie loi animals undei lieal-
menl and in lemoiaiy iesidence al veleiinaiy
lacililies, eiloim iouline ioceduies and assisl vel-
erinarians to perform procedures and operations.
Tasls include
(a) advising communilies and individuals on lle
treatment of animals and their diseases and
injuiies;
(L) conducling examinalions ol animals lo male
diagnoses oi ielei moie dimcull cases lo vel-
eiinaiians wlen needed;
(c) treating ill or injured animals, especially for
common diseases and disoideis;
(d) cleaning and sleiilizing examinalion laLles
and instruments and preparing materials used
in lle examinalion and liealmenl ol animals;
(e) carrying out technical tasks connected with
aililcial inseminalion ol animals;
(l) gelling animals ieady loi examinalion oi
treatment and restraining or holding them
duiing liealmenl;
(g) assisling veleiinaiians lo adminislei anaes-
llelics and oxygen duiing liealmenl;
(l) lacing animals in cages loi iecoveiy liom
oeialions and moniloiing lleii condilion;
(i) producing radiographs, collecting samples
and performing other laboratory tests to
assisl in diagnosis ol animal lealll ioLlems;
(j) performing routine animal dental procedures
and assisling veleiinaiians will animal den-
tistry.
y Aililcial inseminaloi
y Veterinary assistant
y Veterinary nurse
y Veleiinaiy vaccinaloi
y Veleiinaiian 2250
y Animal allendanl 5164
y Veleiinaiy aide 5164
Mincr0rcup325
DtherHeaIthAssociateProfessionaIs
Ollei lealll associale iolessionals eiloim leclnical lasls and iovide suoil seivices in
denlisliy, medical iecoids adminislialion, communily lealll, lle coiieclion ol ieduced visual
acuily, lysiolleiay, enviionmenlal lealll, emeigency medical liealmenl and ollei aclivilies
to support and promote human health.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ioviding Lasic caie seivices loi lle ievenlion and liealmenl
ol diseases and disoideis ol lle leell and moull; advising communilies and individuals on
lygiene, diel and ollei ievenlive measuies lo ieduce olenlial iisls lo lealll; comiling and
mainlaining alienls` medical iecoids lo documenl condilion and liealmenl and lo iovide
dala loi ieseaicl, Lilling, cosl conliol and caie imiovemenl; assisling lamilies lo develo lle
necessaiy slills and iesouices lo imiove lleii lealll slalus; ioviding advice and educalion
on sanilalion and lygiene lo limil lle siead ol inleclious diseases; llling and disensing o-
lical lenses; invesligaling lle imlemenlalion ol iules and iegulalions ielaling lo enviionmenlal
and occualional laclois llal may olenlially aecl luman lealll; massaging lle soll lissues
ol lle Lody; slowing alienls lo examinalion iooms and ieaiing llem loi examinalion; al-
lending and iesonding lo accidenls and emeigencies and lo iequesls loi medical assislance.
3251 DentaI Assistants and Therapists
3252 MedicaI Pecords and HeaIth !nformation Technicians
3253 Community HeaIth Workers
3254 Dispensing Dpticians
3255 Physiotherapy Technicians and Assistants
3256MedicaIAssistants
3257 EnvironmentaI and DccupationaI HeaIth !nspectors and Associates
3258 AmbuIance Workers
3259 HeaIth Associate ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup3251
DentaI Assistants and Therapists

Denlal assislanls and lleiaisls iovide Lasic
denlal caie seivices loi lle ievenlion and lieal-
ment of diseases and disorders of the teeth and
mouth, according to care plans and procedures
established by a dentist or other oral health pro-
fessional.
Tasls include
(a) advising communilies and individuals on
denlal lygiene, diel and ollei ievenlive
measures to reduce potential risks to oral
lealll;
(L) conducling visual and lysical examinalions
of patients mouths, teeth and related struc-
luies lo assess oial lealll slalus;
(c) identifying cases of patients with poor oral
lealll oi oial disease iequiiing ieleiial lo a
denlisl oi ollei lealll iolessional;
(d) assisling denlisls duiing comlex denlal io-
ceduies;
(e) ioviding uoiide liealmenls, cleaning and
iemoving deosils liom leell, ieaiing cav-
ities and placing llings, administering local
anaesthesia, and performing other types of
Lasic oi iouline clinical denlal ioceduies;
(f) preparing, cleaning and sterilizing dental in-
sliumenls, equimenl and maleiials used in
lle examinalion and liealmenl ol alienls;
(g) gelling alienls ieady loi examinalion oi
liealmenl, including exlaining ioceduies
and coiiecl osilioning;
(h) taking impressions of the mouth and dental
radiographs to support diagnosis and tting
of dental prosthetics.
y Denlal assislanl
y Denlal lygienisl
y Denlal lleiaisl
y Denlisl 2261
y Denlal meclanic 3214
y Denlal iosllelisl 3214
y Denlal leclnician 3214
y Denlal aide 5329
Unit0rcup3252
MedicaI Pecords and HeaIth !nformation

Technicians
Medical iecoids and lealll inloimalion leclni-
cians develo, mainlain and imlemenl lealll
iecoids iocessing, sloiage and ieliieval sys-
tems in medical facilities and other health care
settings to meet the legal, professional, ethical
and adminislialive iecoid-leeing iequiiemenls
ol lealll seivices deliveiy.
Tasls include
(a) lanning, develoing, mainlaining and oei-
aling a vaiiely ol lealll iecoid indexes and
sloiage and ieliieval syslems lo collecl, clas-
sily, sloie and analyse inloimalion;
(b) transcribing, compiling and processing pa-
tient medical records, admission and dis-
charge documents and other medical reports
inlo iecoid-leeing syslems lo iovide dala
for patient monitoring and referral, epidemi-
ological monitoring, research, billing, cost
conliol and caie imiovemenl;
(c) ieviewing iecoids loi comleleness, accuiacy
(d) lianslaling naiialive desciilions and nu-
meric information from medical records and
ollei documenls on lealll seivices deliveiy
into codes associated with standard classi-
calion syslems;
(e) protecting the security of medical records
to ensure that condentiality is maintained,
and releasing information to authorized per-
sons and agencies in accordance with regu-
lalions;
(l) sueivising cleiical and adminislialive
woileis involved in lle mainlenance ol med-
ical records.
y Clinical coder
y Disease iegisliy leclnician
y Health information clerk
y Medical iecoids analysl
y Medical iecoids cleil
y Medical iecoids leclnician
y Medical iecoids unil sueivisoi
y Medical secielaiy 3344
y Dala enliy cleil 4132
y !iling cleil 4415
Note
Occupations included in this unit group normally re-
quiie lnowledge ol medical leiminology, legal asecls ol
health information, health data standards and computer-
or paper-based data management as obtained through
loimal educalion and/oi on-lle-joL liaining.
Unit0rcup3253
Community HeaIth Workers

Communily lealll woileis iovide lealll edu-
cation, referral and follow-up, case management,
Lasic ievenlive lealll caie and lome visiling
seivices lo secilc communilies. Tley iovide
suoil and assislance lo individuals and lam-
ilies in navigaling lle lealll and social seivices
system.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding inloimalion lo lamilies and com-
munities on a range of health issues including
nutrition, hygiene, infant and child care,
immunizations, family planning, risk fac-
lois and ievenlion ol common inleclious
diseases, oisoning ievenlion, lisl aid loi
treatment of simple and common ailments,
suLslance aLuse, domeslic violence and ollei
loics;
(L) visiling lamilies in lleii lomes lo iovide in-
formation on the health, social and other ser-
vices availaLle and suoil llem in gaining
access lo llese seivices;
(c) visiling lamilies wlo do nol usually access
medical establishments to monitor on a reg-
ular basis certain conditions such as progress
will iegnancy, clild giowll and develo-
menl, and enviionmenlal sanilalion;
(d) distributing to households medical supplies
loi lle ievenlion and liealmenl ol endemic
diseases such as malaria, pneumonia and
diarrhoeal diseases, and instructing family
and community members in the use of these
ioducls;
(e) conducling oulieacl eoils lo gious wlo
do not usually access medical establishments
with information and basic medical supplies
loi ievenlion and managemenl ol ceilain
health conditions for which they are most at
iisl, sucl as H!V/A!DS and ollei commu-
nicaLle diseases;
(f) collecting data from households and com-
munities who do not usually access medical
establishments for purposes of patient moni-
toring and referral and reporting to meet
health regulations.
y Community health aide
y Community health promoter
y Community health worker
y Village health worker
y Tiadilional midwile 3222
y Home caie aide 5322
Note
Occualions included in llis unil giou noimally iequiie
loimal oi inloimal liaining and sueivision iecognized
Ly lle lealll and social seivices aulloiilies. Piovideis
of routine personal care and traditional medicine prac-
titioners are not included here.
Unit0rcup3254
Dispensing Dpticians
Disensing olicians design, lil and disense
optical lenses based on a prescription from an
ophthalmologist or optometrist for the correc-
lion ol ieduced visual acuily. Tley seivice coi-
ieclive eyeglasses, conlacl lenses, low-vision aids
and ollei olical devices.
Tasls include
(a) examining and laling lacial and eye meas-
urements of clients for tting of eyeglasses
and ollei olical devices;
(L) ioviding advice lo clienls on seleclion and
maintenance of eyeglasses and frames, types
ol conlacl lenses and ollei olical devices
for performance, safety, comfort and life-
slyle;
(c) interpreting optical prescriptions and pre-
paring work orders for optical laborato-
ries for grinding and mounting of lenses in
frames, preparation of contact lenses and
ollei iequiied woil;
(d) veiilying exaclness ol lnisled olical ali-
ances and devices lo lle oiiginal iesciilion
and t of clients.
y Contact lens optician
y Disensing olician
y Olllalmologisl 2212
y Olllalmic olician 2267
y Olomeliisl 2267
y Oillolisl 2267
Unit0rcup3255
Physiotherapy Technicians and Assistants

Physiotherapy technicians and assistants pro-
vide lysical lleiaeulic liealmenls lo alienls
in ciicumslances wleie lunclional movemenl
is threatened by injury, disease or impairment.
Tleiaies aie usually iovided accoiding lo ie-
laLililalive lans eslaLlisled Ly a lysiolleia-
pist or other health professional.
Tasls include
(a) administering manual treatments such as
massage lleiay oi iessuie oinl lleiay;
(b) administering electrical modality treatments,
ultrasound and other physical therapies using
secialized leclniques and equimenl;
(c) insliucling, molivaling, saleguaiding and as-
sisling alienls as lley iaclise lysical ex-
eicises, ielaxalion leclniques and lunclional
aclivilies;
(d) conferring with physiotherapists or other
lealll caie iovideis lo evaluale alienl in-
formation for planning, modifying and coor-
dinaling liealmenl;
(e) monitoring and recording patients progress
during treatment, including measuring their
iange-ol-joinl molion and vilal signs;
(f) tting patients for orthopaedic braces, pros-
lleses and ollei lysical suoil devices
such as crutches, and instructing patients in
lle use ol sucl devices.
y Acuiessuie lleiaisl
y Electrotherapist
y Hydrotherapist
y Massage lleiaisl
y Physical rehabilitation technician
y Physiotherapy technician
y Shiatsu therapist
y Plysiolleiaisl 2264
y Cliioiacloi 2269
y Podialiisl 2269
Unit0rcup3256
MedicaIAssistants
Medical assislanls eiloim Lasic clinical and ad-
minislialive lasls lo suoil alienl caie undei
lle diiecl sueivision ol a medical iaclilionei
or other health professional.
Tasls include
(a) inleiviewing alienls and lleii lamilies lo
obtain information on their health status and
medical lisloiy;
(b) assisting medical doctors and other health
iolessionals lo examine and lieal alienls,
including measuiing and iecoiding vilal
signs, administering medications and per-
forming routine clinical procedures such as
giving injeclions and iemoving suluies;
(c) gelling alienls ieady loi examinalion and
liealmenl, including exlaining ioceduies
and slowing llem lo examinalion iooms;
(d) preparing and handling medical instruments
and supplies, including sterilizing instru-
ments and disposing of contaminated sup-
lies in accoidance will salely ioceduies;
(e) collecting blood, tissue or other specimens,
and ieaiing llem loi laLoialoiy lesling;
(l) ioviding inloimalion lo alienls and lam-
ilies on health care topics including medica-
tions prescribed by a medical doctor or other
lealll iolessional;
(g) ioviding iesciilion and diug ielll inloi-
malion lo laimacies;
(h) maintaining cleanliness of patient waiting
and examinalion iooms;
(i) recording information on patients medical
history, diagnostic testing and treatment pro-
cedures and results, and other information in
medical iecoid-leeing syslems;
(j) scheduling appointments with patients,
and ieaiing documenlalion iequiied loi
billing, reporting and insurance purposes.
y Clinical assistant
y Medical assislanl
y Ophthalmic assistant
y Clinical omcei (aiamedical) 2240
y Medical iosllelic leclnician 3214
y Denlal assislanl 3251
y Plysiolleiay assislanl 3255
y Medical imaging assislanl 5329
Note
quiie loimal liaining in lealll seivices iovision. Clin-
ical caie iovideis will advanced liaining and slills lo
iovide indeendenl medical diagnoslic and liealmenl
seivices aie classiled in \nil Giou 2240: Paiamedical
Practitioners.
Unit0rcup3257
EnvironmentaI and DccupationaI HeaIth

!nspectors and Associates
Lnviionmenlal and occualional lealll in-
seclois and associales invesligale lle imle-
mentation of rules and regulations relating to
enviionmenlal laclois llal may aecl luman
health, safety in the workplace, and safety
of processes for the production of goods and
seivices. Tley may imlemenl and evaluale
iogiammes lo iesloie oi imiove salely and
sanilaiy condilions undei lle sueivision ol a
health professional.
Tasls include
(a) advising emloyeis` and woileis` ieie-
senlalives on lle imlemenlalion ol gov-
ernmental and other rules and regulations
concerning occupational safety and the
woiling enviionmenl;
(b) inspecting places of work to ensure that the
woiling enviionmenl, maclineiy and equi-
menl conloim lo goveinmenlal and ollei
rules, regulations and standards related to
sanilalion and/oi occualional and enviion-
menlal lealll and salely;
(c) giving advice on enviionmenlal sanilaiy
ioLlems and leclniques;
(d) insecling laces ol woil and, Ly inleiviews,
oLseivalions and ollei means, oLlaining
information about work practices and ac-
cidents to determine compliance with safety
iules and iegulalions;
(e) inspecting areas of production, processing,
transport, handling, storage and sale of prod-
ucls lo ensuie conloimily will goveinmenlal
and ollei iules, iegulalions and slandaids;
(l) advising enleiiises and lle geneial uLlic on
lle imlemenlalion ol goveinmenlal and ollei
rules and regulations concerning hygiene, san-
itation, purity and grading of primary prod-
ucls, lood, diugs, cosmelics and similai goods;
(g) inspecting establishments to ensure that they
conloim lo goveinmenlal and ollei iules
and regulations concerning emission of pol-
lulanls and disosal ol dangeious wasles;
(l) inilialing aclion lo mainlain oi imiove
lygiene and ievenl ollulion ol walei, aii,
lood oi soil;
(i) iomoling ievenlive and coiieclive meas-
ures such as control of disease-carrying or-
ganisms and of harmful substances in the
air, hygienic food handling, proper disposal
ol wasle and cleaning ol uLlic laces;
(j) eslimaling quanlilies and cosls ol maleiials
and laLoui iequiied loi lealll, salely and
sanitation remediation projects.
y Food sanitation and safety inspector
y Health inspector
y Occupational health and safety inspector
y Pollution inspector
y Product safety inspector
y Sanitarian
y Sanitary inspector
y Lnviionmenlal lealll omcei 2263
y Occualional lealll and salely advisei 2263
y Occualional lygienisl 2263
Unit0rcup3258
AmbuIance Workers
AmLulance woileis iovide emeigency lealll
care to patients who are injured, sick, inrm or
otherwise physically or mentally impaired prior
to and during transport to medical facilities.
Tasls include
(a) assessing the health status of persons in-
volved in accidenls, naluial disasleis and
other emergency situations, and determining
needs for immediate and specialized medical
assislance;
(b) performing medical procedures and admin-
istering drugs and other therapies according
to protocol for emergency medical treatment,
including resuscitating and debrillating pa-
lienls and oeialing lile-suoil equimenl;
(c) monitoring changes in the health status of pa-
tients during transport to and from medical,
ielaLililalion and ollei lealll caie lacililies;
(d) ioviding inloimalion and liaining lo com-
munily gious and essenlial seivice woileis in
lisl aid loi inilial caie ol an illness oi injuiy;
(e) allending and/oi aliolling laige-scale uLlic
galleiings and ollei evenls wleie lealll
emeigencies aie moie lilely lo occui;
(f) recording information on patients condi-
lions and liealmenls iovided in medical
record-keeping systems.
y AmLulance omcei
y AmLulance aiamedic
y Emergency medical technician
y Emergency paramedic
y Paiamedical iaclilionei 2240
y AmLulance diivei 8322
Note
quiie loimal liaining in emeigency medical liealmenl,
patient transport, ambulance principles and practice, or
a ielaled leld. AmLulance diiveis wlo do nol iovide
lealll caie aie classiled in \nil Giou 8322: Cai, Taxi
and Van Diiveis.
Unit0rcup3259
HeaIthAssociateProfessionaIs
Tlis unil giou coveis lealll associale ioles-
sionals not classified elsewhere in Sub-major
Giou 32: Healll Associale Piolessionals. !oi
instance, the group includes occupations such as
HIV counsellor, family planning counsellor and
other health associate professionals.
(a) inleiviewing and examining alienls lo
obtain information on their health status
and lle naluie and exlenl ol injuiy, illness
oi ollei lysical oi menlal lealll condilion;
(L) ioviding inloimalion and counselling lo a-
tients and families about certain health con-
dilions, ievenlion and liealmenl olions,
liealmenl adleience, and eisonal Lelav-
iouis llal can aecl lealll oulcomes;
(c) administering therapeutic care and treat-
menl lo alienls;
(d) performing certain basic clinical procedures
such as administration of HIV antibody tests
oi inseilion ol inliauleiine devices;
(e) disensing and advising on dielaiy sule-
menls, anliielioviial and iolylaxis medi-
calions, and ollei lealll caie ioducls;
(f) monitoring patients progress through treat-
ment plans, and identifying signs and symp-
loms iequiiing ieleiial lo a medical docloi
oi ollei lealll iolessional;
(g) recording information on patients health
status and responses to treatment in medical
iecoid-leeing syslems;
(h) sharing information with other health care
iovideis wlen iequiied lo ensuie conlinuing
and comielensive caie.
y Anaesllesialeclnician
y Family planning counsellor
y HIV counsellor
y Respiratory therapy technician
Note
quiie loimal liaining in lealll seivices iovision.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup33
Business and Administration Associate ProfessionaIs
Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected
with the practical application of knowledge relating to nancial accounting and transaction
malleis, mallemalical calculalions, luman iesouice develomenl, selling and Luying lnancial
insliumenls, secialized secielaiial lasls, and enloicing oi alying goveinmenl iules. Also
included aie woileis wlo iovide Lusiness seivices sucl as cusloms cleaiance, conleience
lanning, joL lacemenls, Luying and selling ieal eslale oi Lull commodilies, and seiving as
agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupa-
lions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle lliid !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: iecoiding and liansmil-
ting buy and sell orders for securities, stocks, bonds or other nancial instruments and for
loieign exclange loi luluie oi immediale deliveiy; suLmilling ciedil and loan alicalions lo
managemenl will iecommendalions loi aioval oi iejeclion; aioving oi iejecling alica-
lions willin aulloiized limils ensuiing llal ciedil slandaids ol lle inslilulion aie iesecled;
maintaining complete records of all nancial transactions of an undertaking according to
geneial Loolleeing iinciles, will guidance liom accounlanls; assisling in lanning and
eiloiming mallemalical, slalislical, acluaiial, accounling and ielaled calculalions; selling
and buying nancial instruments.
331 FinanciaI and MathematicaI Associate ProfessionaIs
332 5aIes and Purchasing Agents and Brokers
333Business5ervicesAgents
334 Administrative and 5peciaIized 5ecretaries
335 Sovernment PeguIatory Associate ProfessionaIs
Mincr0rcup331
FinanciaI and MathematicaI Associate ProfessionaIs
!inancial and mallemalical associale iolessionals lace a value on vaiious ilems and io-
eily; mainlain iecoids ol lnancial liansaclions; analyse loan alicalion inloimalion and
iendei a decision; Luy and sell lnancial insliumenls; and eiloim mallemalical and ielaled
calculations.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: iecoiding and liansmilling Luy and sell oideis loi secuiilies,
slocls, Londs oi ollei lnancial insliumenls and loi loieign exclange loi luluie oi immediale
deliveiy; suLmilling ciedil and loan alicalions lo managemenl will iecommendalions loi
aioval oi iejeclion; aioving oi iejecling alicalions willin aulloiized limils ensuiing
llal ciedil slandaids ol lle inslilulion aie iesecled; mainlaining comlele iecoids ol all
nancial transactions of an undertaking according to general bookkeeping principles, with
guidance liom accounlanls; assisling in lanning and eiloiming mallemalical, slalislical,
actuarial, accounting and related calculations.
3311 5ecurities and Finance DeaIers and Brokers
3312 Credit and Loans Dfcers
3313AccountingAssociateProfessionaIs
3314 5tatisticaI, MathematicaI and PeIated Associate ProfessionaIs
3315VaIuersandLossAssessors
Unit0rcup3311
5ecurities and Finance DeaIers and Brokers

Securities and nance dealers and brokers buy
and sell securities, stocks, bonds and other -
nancial insliumenls, and deal on lle loieign ex-
change, on spot or on futures markets, on behalf
of their own company or for customers on a com-
mission Lasis. Tley iecommend liansaclions lo
clients or senior management.
Tasls include
(a) obtaining information about the financial
circumstances of customers and companies
in wlicl inveslmenls may Le made;
(b) analysing market trends for securities, bonds,
stocks and other nancial instruments, in-
cluding loieign exclange;
(c) inloiming ioseclive cuslomeis aLoul
mailel condilions and iosecls;
(d) advising on and ailicialing in lle negoli-
ation of terms for, and organization of, loans
and placement of stocks and bonds in the -
nancial mailel lo iaise cailal loi cuslomeis;
(e) recording and transmitting buy and sell
orders for securities, stocks, bonds or other -
nancial insliumenls and loi loieign exclange
loi luluie oi immediale deliveiy.
y !oieign exclange Liolei
y !oieign exclange dealei
y Securities broker
y Stocks and shares broker
y Bond analysl 2413
y Commodilies Liolei 3324
y Commodily luluies dealei 3324
y Secuiilies cleil 4312
Unit0rcup3312
Credit and Loans Dfcers

Ciedil and loans omceis analyse and evaluale
nancial information on applications for credit
and loans and deleimine aioval oi disaioval
of the client for the credit or loan, or recommend
lo managemenl aioval oi disaioval.
Tasls include
(a) inleiviewing alicanls loi eisonal, moil-
gage, sludenl and Lusiness loans;
(L) ieseaicling and evalualing loan alicanls`
nancial status, references, credit and ability
lo ieay lle loan;
(c) submitting credit and loan applications to
management with recommendations for ap-
ioval oi iejeclion;
(d) aioving oi iejecling loan alicalions
within authorized limits ensuring that credit
slandaids ol lle inslilulion aie iesecled;
(e) keeping records of payments, preparing rou-
line lelleis iequesling aymenl loi oveidue
accounts and forwarding these for legal
aclion;
(f) completing credit and loan documentation.
y Loans ofcer
y Moilgage omcei
y !inancial inslilulion Liancl managei 1346
Unit0rcup3313
AccountingAssociateProfessionaIs
Accounling associale iolessionals mainlain
complete records of nancial transactions of an
undeilaling and veiily accuiacy ol documenls
and records relating to such transactions.
Tasls include
(a) maintaining complete records of all nancial
transactions of an undertaking according to
general bookkeeping principles, with guid-
ance liom accounlanls;
(L) veiilying accuiacy ol documenls and iecoids
relating to payments, receipts and other -
(c) preparing nancial statements and reports
loi seciled eiiods;
(d) applying knowledge of bookkeeping prin-
ciples and practices in order to identify and
solve ioLlems aiising in lle couise ol lleii
woil;
(e) using standard computer software packages
to perform accounting and related calcula-
lions;
(l) sueivising lle woil ol accounls and Lool-
keeping clerks.
y Accounling assislanl
y Bookkeeper
y Accounlanl 2411
y Acluaiial assislanl 3314
y Boolleeing cleil 4311
Unit0rcup3314
5tatisticaI, MathematicaI and PeIated

AssociateProfessionaIs
Statistical, mathematical and related associate
professionals assist in planning the collection,
processing and presentation of statistical, mathe-
matical or actuarial data and in carrying out these
operations, usually working under the guidance
of statisticians, mathematicians and actuaries.
Tasls include
(a) assisting in planning and performing stat-
istical, mathematical, actuarial and related
calculalions;
(L) ieaiing delailed eslimales ol quanlilies
loi slalislical census and suivey oeialions;
(c) performing technical tasks connected with
establishing, maintaining and using registers
and samling liames loi census and suivey
oeialions;
(d) performing technical tasks connected with
dala colleclion and qualily conliol oei-
alions in censuses and suiveys;
(e) using standard computer software packages
to perform mathematical, actuarial, statis-
lical, accounling and ielaled calculalions;
(f) preparing statistical, mathematical, actu-
arial, accounting and other results for pres-
enlalion in gialical oi laLulai loim;
(g) applying knowledge of statistical, mathemat-
ical, actuarial, accounting and related prin-
ciples and practices in order to identify and
solve ioLlems aiising in lle couise ol lleii
woil;
(l) sueivising lle woil ol slalislical cleils.
y Acluaiial assislanl
y Mallemalical assislanl
y Statistical assistant
y Acluaiy 2120
y Mallemalician 2120
y Slalislician 2120
y Slalislical cleil 4312
Unit0rcup3315
VaIuersandLossAssessors
Valueis and loss assessois value ioeily and
vaiious goods and assess losses coveied Ly in-
surance policies.
Tasls include
(a) deleimining lle qualily oi value ol iaw ma-
leiials, ieal eslale, indusliial equimenl, ei-
sonal and louselold eecls, woils ol ail,
gems and ollei oLjecls;
(L) assessing lle exlenl ol damage oi loss and
liabilities of insurance companies and under-
wiileis loi losses coveied Ly insuiance ol-
icies;
(c) oLlaining iecoids ol sales and value ol
similai ilems oi ioeily;
(d) insecling ilems oi ioeily lo evaluale con-
dilion, size and consliuclion;
(e) ieaiing ieoils ol value, oullining lle es-
timation factors and methods used.
y Aiaisei
y Claims assessor
y Claims inspector
y Insurance assessor
y Real estate appraiser
y Valuer
y Auclioneei 3339
Mincr0rcup332
5aIes and Purchasing Agents and Brokers
Sales and uiclasing agenls and Lioleis ieiesenl comanies, goveinmenls and ollei oi-
ganizalions lo Luy and sell commodilies, goods, insuiance, sliing and ollei seivices lo
industrial, professional, commercial or other establishments, or act as independent agents to
Liing logellei Luyeis and selleis ol commodilies and seivices.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oLlaining inloimalion aLoul emloyeis` and comelilois`
goods and seivices; moniloiing and analysing mailel liends and condilions; oLlaining in-
loimalion aLoul clienls` needs and idenlilying suilaLle ioducls and seivices; exlaining and
demonslialing ioducls and seivices lo clienls; negolialing iices, conliacls, leims, condilions
and sliing aiiangemenls loi uiclase oi sale ol goods, seivices oi commodilies.
3321 !nsurance Pepresentatives
3322 CommerciaI 5aIes Pepresentatives
3323Buyers
3324 Trade Brokers
Note
Sales manageis aie classiled in Minoi Giou 122: Sales, Maileling and Develomenl Manageis. Tecl-
nical, medical and !CT sales iolessionals aie classiled in Minoi Giou 243: Sales, Maileling and
PuLlic Relalions Piolessionals. Secuiilies and lnance dealeis aie classiled in Minoi Giou 331: !inan-
cial and Mallemalical Associale Piolessionals.
Unit0rcup3321
!nsurance Pepresentatives
!nsuiance ieiesenlalives advise on and sell lile,
accident, automobile, liability, endowment, re,
marine and other types of insurance to new and
established clients.
Tasls include
(a) obtaining information about customers cir-
cumstances necessary to determine appro-
iiale lye ol insuiance and condilions;
(b) negotiating with customers to determine type
and degree of risk for which insurance is re-
quiied;
(c) exlaining delails ol insuiance and condi-
lions, iisl coveiage iemiums and Lenells lo
cuslomeis;
(d) assisting clients to determine the type and
level ol coveiage iequiied, calculaling ie-
miums and eslaLlisling mellod ol aymenl;
(e) negolialing and lacing ieinsuiance conliacls;
(l) advising on, negolialing leims loi and lacing
insurance contracts for large or special types
of projects, installations or risks.
y Insurance agent
y Insurance broker
y Insurance underwriter
y !nsuiance agency managei 1346
y Secuiilies Liolei 3311
y !nsuiance assessoi 3315
y !nsuiance cleil 4312
Unit0rcup3322
CommerciaI 5aIes Pepresentatives

Commeicial sales ieiesenlalives ieiesenl
comanies lo sell vaiious goods and seivices lo
Lusinesses and ollei oiganizalions and iovide
ioducl-secilc inloimalion as iequiied.
Tasls include
(a) soliciting orders and selling goods to retail, in-
dusliial, wlolesale and ollei eslaLlislmenls;
(L) selling equimenl, sulies and ielaled sei-
vices lo Lusiness eslaLlislmenls oi individ-
uals;
(c) obtaining and updating knowledge of market
conditions and of employers and competi-
lois` goods and seivices;
(d) ioviding ioseclive cuslomeis will inloi-
mation about the characteristics and func-
lions ol lle ioducls and equimenl loi sale,
and demonslialing ils use oi qualilies;
(e) quoling iices and ciedil leims, iecoiding
oideis and aiianging deliveiies;
(l) ieoiling cuslomeis` ieaclions and iequiie-
menls lo sulieis and manulacluieis;
(g) following up clients to ensure satisfaction
with products purchased.
y Allei-sales seivice advisei
y Canvassei
y Commeicial liavellei
y Sales managei 1221
y Medical sales ieiesenlalive 2433
y Teclnical sales ieiesenlalive 2433
y Information and communications
leclnology sales iolessional 2434
y Dooi-lo-dooi sales ieiesenlalive 5243
Unit0rcup3323
Buyers
Buyeis Luy goods and seivices loi use oi iesale
on Lelall ol indusliial, commeicial, goveinmenl
or other establishments and organizations.
Tasls include
(a) determining or negotiating contract terms
and conditions, awarding supplier contracts
or recommending contract awards for the
uiclase ol equimenl, iaw maleiials, iod-
ucls, seivices and meiclandise loi iesale;
(L) oLlaining inloimalion aLoul iequiiemenls
and slocl and develoing secilcalions loi
quanlily and qualily lo Le uiclased, cosls,
deliveiy dales and ollei conliacl condilions;
(c) uiclasing geneial and secialized equi-
menl, maleiials oi Lusiness seivices loi use oi
loi luillei iocessing Ly lleii eslaLlislmenl;
(d) inviling lendeis, consulling will sulieis
and ieviewing quolalions;
(e) purchasing merchandise for resale by retail
oi wlolesale eslaLlislmenls;
(f) studying market reports, trade periodicals
and sales iomolion maleiials and visiling
trade shows, showrooms, factories and
ioducl design evenls;
(g) selecting the merchandise or products that
Lesl ll lle eslaLlislmenl`s iequiiemenls;
(l) inleiviewing sulieis and negolialing iices,
discounts, credit terms and transportation
aiiangemenls;
(i) oveiseeing disliiLulion ol meiclandise lo oul-
lels and mainlaining adequale slocl levels;
(j) eslaLlisling deliveiy scledules, moniloiing
progress and contacting clients and suppliers
lo iesolve ioLlems.
y Buyer
y Procurement ofcer
y Purchasing agent
y Purchasing merchandiser
y Supply ofcer
y Commodilies Liolei 3324
Unit0rcup3324
Trade Brokers
Tiade Lioleis Luy and sell commodilies and
sliing seivices, usually in Lull, on Lelall ol
their own company or for customers on a com-
mission basis.
Tasls include
(a) establishing contact between buyers and
selleis ol commodilies;
(L) discussing Luying oi selling iequiiemenls ol
clienls and giving advice accoidingly;
(c) Luying and selling caigo sace on slis;
(d) negotiating purchase or sale of commodities
and commodily luluies;
(e) lnding caigo and/oi sloiage sace loi com-
modities and negotiating freight, shipping
and sloiage claiges;
(f) monitoring and analysing market trends and
ollei laclois aecling lle suly and demand
loi commodilies and sliing seivices.
y Commodities broker
y Commodity futures dealer
y Shipping broker
y !inance Liolei 3311
y !inance dealei 3311
y Secuiilies Liolei 3311
y Secuiilies dealei 3311
y !nsuiance dealei 3321
Mincr0rcup333
Business5ervicesAgents
Business seivices agenls eslaLlisl conlacls lo sell vaiious Lusiness seivices sucl as adveilising
sace in lle media; caiiy oul cusloms cleaiance aclivilies ensuiing llal necessaiy documenls
aie in oidei; malcl joLseeleis will vacancies; lnd woileis loi emloyeis; aiiange conliacls
for the performance of athletes, entertainers and artists, as well as for the publication of
Lools, lle ioduclion ol lays, oi lle iecoiding, eiloimance and sale ol music; and lan
and oiganize conleiences and similai evenls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: caiiying oul cusloms cleaiance ioceduies loi exoils oi im-
oils; aiianging and cooidinaling conleience and evenl seivices, sucl as conleience lacililies,
caleiing, signage, dislays, audiovisual and comulei equimenl, accommodalion, liansoil
and social evenls loi ailicianls; malcling joLseeleis will vacancies; lnding woileis loi
vacanl osls loi emloyeis; slowing ieal eslale ioeilies lo Le sold oi leased lo ioseclive
Luyeis oi lenanls and exlaining leims ol sale oi condilions ol ienl oi lease; selling Ly auc-
lion vaiious linds ol ioeily, cais, commodilies, liveslocl, ail, jewelleiy and ollei oLjecls;
arranging contracts for performers and performances.
3331 CIearing and Forwarding Agents
3332ConferenceandEventPIanners
3333 EmpIoyment Agents and Contractors
3334 PeaI Estate Agents and Property Managers
3339 Business 5ervices Agents Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup3331
CIearing and Forwarding Agents

Clearing and forwarding agents carry out cus-
toms clearance procedures and ensure that
insuiance, exoil/imoil licences and ollei loi-
malities are in order.
Tasls include
(a) carrying out customs clearance procedures
loi exoils oi imoils;
(L) ensuiing llal insuiance is in oidei;
(c) ensuiing llal exoil/imoil licences and
ollei loimalilies aie in oidei;
(d) signing and issuing Lills ol lading;
(e) clecling imoil/exoil documenlalion lo
determine cargo contents, and classifying
goods inlo dieienl lee oi laii gious, using
a laii coding syslem.
y Clearing agent
y Forwarding agent
y Shipping agent
Unit0rcup3332
ConferenceandEventPIanners
Conleience and evenl lanneis oiganize and co-
oidinale seivices loi conleiences, evenls, lunc-
lions, Lanquels and seminais.
Tasls include
(a) iomoling conleiences, convenlions and
liade slows lo olenlial cuslomeis;
(L) iesonding lo inquiiies conceining seivices
iovided and cosls loi ioom and equimenl
liie, caleiing and ielaled seivices;
(c) meeting with clients to discuss their needs
and outlining package options to meet these
needs;
(d) aiianging and cooidinaling seivices sucl as
conference facilities, catering, signage, dis-
lays, audiovisual and comulei equimenl,
accommodalion, liansoil and social evenls
for participants, and logistical arrangements
loi iesenleis;
(e) oiganizing iegislialion ol ailicianls;
(l) negolialing lle lye and cosls ol seivices lo
Le iovided willin Ludgel;
(g) oveiseeing woil Ly conliaclois and ieoiling
on vaiialions lo woil oideis.
y Conleience and evenl oiganizei
y Conference planner
y Wedding planner
Unit0rcup3333
EmpIoyment Agents and Contractors

Employment agents and contractors match job-
seeleis will vacancies, lnd woileis loi emloyeis
and contract labour for particular projects at the
iequesl ol enleiiises and ollei oiganizalions
including goveinmenl and ollei inslilulions, oi
nd places for jobseekers for a commission.
Tasls include
(a) malcling joLseeleis will vacancies;
(L) lnding woileis loi vacanl osls againsl a
commission liom lle emloyei oi woilei;
(c) discussing with employers the skills and
ollei claiacleiislics iequiied ol lle woileis
lo Le emloyed oi conliacled;
(d) nding workers with appropriate skills, and
undertaking the necessary formalities ac-
cording to national or international regula-
lions and iequiiemenls;
(e) ensuring that the employment contracts meet
legal iequiiemenls and signing llem;
(l) advising on liaining sclemes.
y Employment agent
y Job placement ofcer
y Labour contractor
y Caieeis advisei 2423
y Occualional analysl 2423
y Iileiaiy agenl 3339
y Musical eiloimance agenl 3339
y Soils agenl 3339
y Tlealiical agenl 3339
Unit0rcup3334
PeaI Estate Agents and Property Managers

Real estate agents and property managers ar-
range the sale, purchase, rental and lease of real
estate and property, usually on behalf of clients
and on a commission basis.
Tasls include
(a) obtaining information about properties to
be sold or leased, the circumstances of their
ownei and lle needs ol ioseclive Luyeis oi
lenanls;
(b) showing properties to be sold or leased to
ioseclive Luyeis oi lenanls and exlaining
leims ol sale oi condilions ol ienl oi lease;
(c) facilitating negotiations with tenants and
owneis on ienls and lees;
(d) drawing up leasing and sale agreements and
eslimaling cosls;
(e) arranging signing of lease agreements and
lianslei ol ioeily iiglls;
(f) collecting rent and bond monies on behalf
of owners and inspecting properties before,
duiing and allei lenancies;
(g) ensuiing lle availaLilily ol woileis lo ei-
form maintenance of the properties.
y Estate agent
y Property manager
y Realtor
y Salesperson (real estate)
y Moilgage cleil 4312
Unit0rcup3339
Business5ervicesAgents
Tlis unil giou coveis Lusiness seivices agenls
nol classilied elsewleie in Minoi Giou 333:
Business Seivices Agenls. !oi inslance, lle giou
includes those who establish business contacts,
sell Lusiness seivices sucl as adveilising sace
in the media, arrange contracts for performances
of athletes, entertainers and artists, for the pub-
lication of books, the production of plays, or the
recording, performance and sale of music, sell
property and goods by auction and who design
and organize package and group tours.
(a) oLlaining inloimalion aLoul seivices lo Le
sold and needs ol ioseclive Luyeis;
(b) negotiating contracts on behalf of seller or
Luyei and exlaining leims ol sale and ay-
menl lo clienl;
(c) signing agreements on behalf of seller or
buyer and ensuring that the contract is hon-
ouied;
(d) maling suie llal lle Lusiness seivice ui-
clased is made availaLle lo lle Luyei in lle
agieed loimal al lle agieed lime;
(e) selling Ly auclion vaiious linds ol ioeily,
cais, commodilies, liveslocl, ail, jewelleiy
and ollei oLjecls;
(l) oiganizing giou louis loi Lusiness oi vaca-
lion liavel and maling Lull liavel and ac-
commodation bookings.
y Adveilising saleseison
y Auclioneei
y Literary agent
y Musical eiloimance agenl
y Sports agent
y Tlealiical agenl
y Toui oeialoi
Mincr0rcup334
Administrative and 5peciaIized 5ecretaries
Adminislialive and secialized secielaiies iovide oiganizalional, communicalion and docu-
menlalion suoil seivices, ulilizing secialized lnowledge ol lle Lusiness aclivily ol lle
oiganizalion in wlicl lley aie emloyed. Tley lale sueivisoiy iesonsiLilily loi omce cleils
in the organization.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: cooidinaling, assigning and ieviewing lle woil ol cleiical
suoil woileis; desllo uLlisling; ieaiing and iocessing legal documenls and aeis
sucl as deeds, wills, amdavils and Liiels; imlemenling and suoiling lle communicalion,
documenlalion and inleinal manageiial cooidinalion aclivilies ol an oiganizalional unil, on
some occasions ulilizing secialized lnowledge ol lle Lusiness aclivily ol lle oiganizalion;
scheduling and conrming meetings and appointments and communicating messages for cli-
enls; comiling, iecoiding and ieviewing legal and medical iecoids, ieoils, documenls and
correspondence.
3341 Dfce 5upervisors
3342LegaI5ecretaries
3343 Administrative and Executive 5ecretaries
3344MedicaI5ecretaries
Unit0rcup3341
Dfce 5upervisors
Omce sueivisois sueivise and cooidinale lle
aclivilies ol woileis in Majoi Giou 4: Cleiical
Support Workers.
Tasls include
(a) cooidinaling, assigning and ieviewing lle
work of clerks engaged in the following
dulies: woid iocessing, iecoid leeing
and ling, operating telephones and switch-
boards, data entry, desktop publishing and
ollei aclivilies involving geneial omce and
adminislialive slills;
(b) establishing work schedules and procedures
and cooidinaling aclivilies will ollei woil
unils oi deailmenls;
(c) iesolving woil-ielaled ioLlems and ie-
paring and submitting progress and other
ieoils;
(d) training and instructing employees in job
duties, safety procedures and company pol-
icies, or arranging for training to be pro-
vided;
(e) evalualing emloyees` joL eiloimance and
conformity with regulations, and recom-
mending aioiiale eisonnel aclion;
(l) assisling in ieciuilmenl, inleiviewing and se-
lection of employees.
y Cleiical sueivisoi
y Dala enliy sueivisoi
y !iling cleils sueivisoi
y Peisonnel cleils sueivisoi
y Medical iecoids unil sueivisoi 3252
Note
Woileis wlo sueivise lle aclivilies ol cleiical su-
port workers in law ofces and legal departments are
classiled in \nil Giou 3342: Iegal Secielaiies. Tlose
wlo sueivise lle aclivilies ol cleiical suoil woileis
in lealll lacililies wleie lle woil iequiies secialisl
knowledge related to health and medicine, such as pro-
cessing medical records and hospital admission details,
aie classiled in \nil Giou 3344: Medical Secielaiies.
Tlose wlo iovide diiecl secielaiial and adminislialive
suoil lo a managei oi iolessional (excel legal and
lealll iolessionals) and also sueivise lle aclivilies
ol cleiical suoil woileis aie classiled in \nil Giou
3343: Adminislialive and Lxeculive Secielaiies.
Unit0rcup3342
LegaI5ecretaries
Legal secretaries apply specialized knowledge of
legal leiminology and ioceduies in ioviding
support to legal professionals with communica-
tion, documentation and internal managerial
cooidinalion aclivilies, in law omces, legal de-
ailmenls ol laige lims and goveinmenls.
Tasls include
(a) preparing and processing legal documents
and aeis, sucl as deeds, wills, amdavils
and Liiels;
(L) ieviewing and ioolieading documenls and
correspondence to ensure compliance with
legal ioceduies;
(c) mailing, laxing oi aiianging loi deliveiy ol
legal correspondence to clients, witnesses
and couil omcials;
(d) organizing and maintaining documents, case
lles and law liLiaiies;
(e) scieening iequesls loi meelings, and scled-
uling and oiganizing meelings;
(f) assisting in the preparation of budgets, moni-
loiing ol exendiluies, dialling ol conliacls
and uiclasing oi acquisilion oideis;
(g) sueivising lle woil ol ollice suoil
workers.
y Legal practice manager
y Legal secretary
y Iegal assislanl 3411
Unit0rcup3343
Administrative and Executive 5ecretaries

Adminislialive and execulive secielaiies ei-
form liaison, coordination and organizational
tasks in support of managers and professionals
and/oi ieaie coiiesondence, ieoils and ie-
cords of proceedings and other specialized docu-
mentation.
Tasls include
(a) dialling adminislialive coiiesondence and
minules;
(b) obtaining, proposing and monitoring dead-
lines and lollow-u dales;
(c) scieening iequesls loi meelings, and scled-
uling and oiganizing meelings and liavel ai-
iangemenls;
(d) assisting in the preparation of budgets, moni-
loiing ol exendiluies, dialling ol conliacls
and uiclasing oi acquisilion oideis;
(e) liaising will ollei sla aLoul a iange ol mal-
leis ielaling lo lle oiganizalion`s oeialions;
(f) writing and answering business or technical
lelleis and ollei similai coiiesondence;
(g) ieaiing veiLalim ieoils ol ioceedings in
legislalive assemLlies, couils ol law oi ollei
places, using shorthand or specialized ofce
equimenl;
(l) sueivising lle woil ol cleiical suoil
workers.
y Adminislialive secielaiy
y Correspondence assistant
y Court reporter
y Lxeculive assislanl
y Personal assistant
y Medical liansciilionisl 3344
y Secielaiy (geneial) 4120
Unit0rcup3344
MedicaI5ecretaries
Medical secielaiies, using secialized lnowledge
ol medical leiminology and lealll caie deliveiy
procedures, assist health professionals and other
woileis Ly eiloiming a vaiiely ol communi-
calion, documenlalion, adminislialive and in-
ternal coordination functions, to support health
workers in medical facilities and other health
care related organizations.
Tasls include
(a) scheduling and conrming medical appoint-
ments and communicating messages for
medical sla and alienls;
(L) comiling, iecoiding and ieviewing medical
charts, reports, documents and correspond-
ence;
(c) inleiviewing alienls lo comlele loims, doc-
umenls and case lisloiies;
(d) comleling insuiance and ollei claims loims;
(e) maintaining medical les and records and
leclnical liLiaiy;
(f) preparing financial statements and billing
ioceduies;
(g) assisting in the preparation of budgets,
drafting of contracts and purchasing or ac-
quisilion oideis;
(l) sueivising lle woil ol ollice suoil
woileis and ollei omce sla.
y Denlal secielaiy
y Hospital ward secretary
y Medical insuiance Lilling secielaiy
y Medical laLoialoiy secielaiy
y Medical omce adminislialive assislanl
y Medical iaclice managei
y Medical secielaiy
y Medical slenogialei
y Medical liansciilionisl
y Pathology secretary
y Patient care secretary
y Medical iecoids leclnician 3252
y Medical assislanl 3256
y Secielaiy (geneial) 4120
y Medical omce iecelionisl 4226
Mincr0rcup335
Sovernment PeguIatory Associate ProfessionaIs
Goveinmenl iegulaloiy associale iolessionals adminislei, enloice oi aly ielevanl govein-
menl iules and iegulalions ielaling lo nalional Loideis, laxes and social Lenells; invesligale
lacls and ciicumslances ielaling lo ciimes; and issue oi examine alicalions loi licences oi
aulloiizalions in conneclion will liavel, exoils and imoils ol goods, eslaLlislmenl ol Lusi-
nesses, eieclion ol Luildings and ollei aclivilies suLjecl lo goveinmenl iegulalions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: aliolling nalional Loideis and clecling eisons and ve-
licles, liavel and liansoil documenls and goods liansoiled acioss lle Loidei lo ensuie
enloicemenl ol goveinmenl iules and iegulalions; examining lax ieluins lo deleimine laxes
ayaLle Ly eisons and Lusinesses; examining and deciding on alicalions loi social Lenells;
examining and deciding on alicalions loi goveinmenl aulloiizalions and licences necessaiy
lo liavel, exoil oi imoil goods, eiecl Luildings, eslaLlisl Lusinesses oi undeilale ollei
aclivilies suLjecl lo goveinmenl iegulalions; moniloiing lle alicalion ol iice, wage oi
weiglls and measuies iegulalions; oLlaining and veiilying evidence; inleiviewing wilnesses
and susecls; and analysing documenls and comulei lles. Tley may ieceive guidance liom
senioi goveinmenl omcials oi manageis. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
3351 Customs and Border !nspectors
3352 Sovernment Tax and Excise DfciaIs
3353 Sovernment 5ociaI Benets DfciaIs
3354 Sovernment Licensing DfciaIs
3355 PoIice !nspectors and Detectives
3359 Sovernment PeguIatory Associate ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup3351
Customs and Border !nspectors

Customs and border inspectors check persons
and velicles ciossing nalional Loideis lo admin-
islei and enloice ielevanl goveinmenl iules and
regulations.
Tasls include
(a) patrolling national borders and coastal
waters to stop persons from illegally entering
oi leaving lle counliy and liom illegally im-
oiling oi exoiling cuiiency oi goods;
(L) clecling liavel documenls ol eisons
crossing national borders to ensure that they
lave lle necessaiy aulloiizalions and ceilil-
cales;
(c) inspecting the luggage of persons crossing
national borders to ensure that it conforms
lo goveinmenl iules and iegulalions con-
ceining imoil oi exoil ol goods and cui-
iencies;
(d) examining liansoil documenls and lieigll
ol velicles ciossing nalional Loideis lo
ensuie conloimily will goveinmenl iules
and regulations concerning goods in transit
and lle imoil and exoil ol goods, and lo
veiily llal necessaiy aymenls lave Leen
made;
(e) detaining persons and seizing prohibited and
undeclaied goods lound lo Le in violalion ol
immigialion and cusloms laws;
(f) coordinating and cooperating with other
agencies involved in law enloicemenl, de-
oilalion and ioseculion;
(g) eiloiming ielaled adminislialive lasls lo
iecoid lndings, liansaclions, violalions and
deleiminalions;
(h) when necessary, testifying in a court of law
aLoul lle ciicumslances and iesulls ol inves-
tigations carried out.
y Border inspector
y Customs inspector
y Customs ofcer
y Immigration ofcer
y Passport checking ofcer
Unit0rcup3352
Sovernment Tax and Excise DfciaIs

Goveinmenl lax and excise ollicials examine
lax ieluins, Lills ol sale and ollei documenls lo
deleimine lle lye and amounl ol laxes, dulies
and ollei lyes ol lees lo Le aid Ly individuals
oi Lusinesses, ieleiiing excelional oi imoilanl
cases lo accounlanls, senioi goveinmenl omcials
or managers.
Tasls include
(a) advising oiganizalions, enleiiises and lle
uLlic on goveinmenl laws, iules and iegula-
tions concerning the determination and pay-
menl ol laxes, dulies and ollei goveinmenl
lees, and on lle uLlic`s iiglls and oLligalions;
(L) examining lax ieluins, Lills ol sale and ollei
ielevanl documenls lo deleimine lyes and
amounls ol laxes, dulies and ollei lyes ol
lees lo Le aid;
(c) invesligaling lled lax ieluins and accounling
records, systems and internal controls of or-
ganizalions lo ensuie comliance will lax-
alion laws and iegulalions;
(d) eiloiming ielaled adminislialive lasls lo
document findings, maintain records and
report on actions taken for cases.
y Lxcise omcei
y Taxalion insecloi
y Tax omcei
y Accounlanl 2411
y Audiloi 2411
Unit0rcup3353
Sovernment 5ociaI Benets DfciaIs

Goveinmenl social Lenells omcials examine a-
licalions loi goveinmenl, lnancial oi seivice
programmes to determine eligibility and amount
ol Lenell oi aioiiale seivices, ieleiiing ex-
celional oi imoilanl cases lo senioi govein-
ment ofcials or managers.
Tasls include
(a) advising individuals and oiganizalions on
goveinmenl laws, iules and iegulalions con-
ceining goveinmenl Lenell iogiammes and
the determination and disbursement of pay-
menls oi ieleiial lo seivices, as well as on lle
uLlic`s iiglls and oLligalions;
(L) examining alicalions and ollei ielevanl
documents to determine types and amounts
ol Lenell wlicl individuals aie eligiLle lo
ieceive;
(c) assessing documenlalion and inleiviewing
benet recipients to ensure eligibility for con-
linuing Lenells oi seivices;
maintain client records and prepare reports
on determinations regarding eligibility, re-
ferral decisions, termination of benets and
abuse or fraud.
y Pensions ofcer
y Social benets ofcer
y Social security claims ofcer
y Counselling iolessional 2635
Unit0rcup3354
Sovernment Licensing DfciaIs

Goveinmenl licensing omcials examine alica-
lions loi licences lo exoil oi imoil goods, sel u
businesses, build houses or other structures or to
obtain passports, determine eligibility of applica-
tions for issuing licences or passports, and identify
specic conditions or restrictions to be attached to
licences issued, ieleiiing excelional oi imoilanl
cases lo senioi goveinmenl omcials oi manageis.
Tasls include
(a) advising individuals on goveinmenl laws and
regulations concerning the type of licence re-
quiied and lle condilions allacled lo sucl
licences, and on the publics rights and obli-
galions;
(L) examining alicalions and ielevanl docu-
ments and determining whether a licence can
be granted and the conditions which should
Le allacled;
(c) examining alicalions and aioving lle
issue ol assoils;
iocess alicalions, documenl aclivilies,
evalualions and deleiminalions, and lo ie-
pare correspondence to inform applicants of
licensing decisions;
(e) adminisleiing and scoiing lesls iequiied lo
license applicants.
y Building permit (licensing) ofcer
y Business permit (licensing) ofcer
y Licensing ofcer
y Passport ofcer (issuing)
y Building insecloi 3112
y !iie insecloi 3112
Unit0rcup3355
PoIice !nspectors and Detectives

Police inseclois and deleclives invesligale
facts and circumstances relating to crimes com-
milled in oidei lo idenlily susecled oendeis
and oLlain inloimalion nol ieadily availaLle oi
apparent concerning establishments or the cir-
cumslances and Lelavioui ol eisons, moslly in
oidei lo ievenl ciimes.
Tasls include
(a) establishing contacts and sources of informa-
tion about crimes planned or committed, in
oidei lo ievenl ciimes oi idenlily susecled
oendeis;
(L) oLlaining and veiilying evidence Ly exam-
ining crime and accident scenes for clues and
lysical evidence, inleiviewing wilnesses
and suspects and analysing documents and
comulei lles;
(c) analysing evidence in oidei lo solve ciimes,
idenlily ciiminal aclivily and gallei inloi-
malion loi couil cases;
(d) establishing contacts and sources of informa-
lion nol ieadily availaLle oi aaienl con-
cerning establishments or the circumstances
and Lelavioui ol eisons, usually will lle
aim ol ievenling a ciime;
(e) maling aiiesls;
(f) testifying in courts of law or reporting to
superiors about circumstances and results of
invesligalions.
y Police deleclive
y Police inquiiy agenl
y Police inspector
y Police commissionei 1112
y Police insecloi-geneial 1112
y Police sueiinlendenl 1349
y Piivale deleclive 3411
y Police omcei 5412
Unit0rcup3359
Sovernment PeguIatory Associate ProfessionaIs

Tlis unil giou coveis goveinmenl iegulaloiy
associate professionals not classied elsewhere.
For instance, the group includes agricultural,
sheries, forestry, prices, wages and weights and
measures inspectors.
(a) examining laces ol Lusiness lo ensuie lle
use ol coiiecl weiglls and measuies in liade;
(b) monitoring price regulations to assess appro-
iialeness ol cosls loi goods and seivices lo
iolecl consumei inleiesls;
(c) monitoring wage regulations to ensure ap-
ioiiale levels ol ay loi woil eiloimed
and to assess compliance with employment
slandaids legislalion;
(d) eiloiming ielaled invesligalive and admin-
islialive lasls lo iecoid lndings, documenl
compliance problems or inappropriate busi-
ness practices and to prepare reports and
correspondence.
y Agiiculluial insecloi
y Fisheries inspector
y Forestry inspector
y Prices inspector
y Wage inspector
y Weights and measures inspector
y Healll insecloi 3257
y Occupational health and safety
insecloi 3257
y Pollulion insecloi 3257
y Sanilaiy insecloi 3257
Sub-ma|cr0rcup34
LegaI,5ociaI,CuIturaIandPeIatedAssociateProfessionaIs
Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals perform technical tasks connected
will lle iaclical alicalion ol lnowledge ielaling lo legal seivices, social woil, culluie,
food preparation, sport and religion. Competent performance in most occupations in this
suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle lliid !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ioviding leclnical
and iaclical seivices and suoil lunclions in legal iocesses and invesligalions, social and
communily assislance iogiammes, and ieligious and culluial aclivilies; ailicialing and
adjudicaling in soiling evenls; develoing and deliveiing soils coacling, llness and iec-
iealional iogiammes; comLining ciealive and leclnical slills in a vaiiely ol ailislic, culluial
and culinaiy aclivilies; ciealing disles and menus and oveiseeing lle ieaialion ol meals.
341 LegaI,5ociaIandPeIigiousAssociateProfessionaIs
342 5ports and Fitness Workers
343Artistic,CuIturaIandCuIinaryAssociateProfessionaIs
Mincr0rcup341
LegaI,5ociaIandPeIigiousAssociateProfessionaIs
Iegal, social and ieligious associale iolessionals iovide leclnical and iaclical seivices
and suoil lunclions in legal iocesses and invesligalions, social and communily assislance
iogiammes and ieligious aclivilies.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assisling and suoiling legal, social woil and ieligious
iolessionals; oLlaining and analysing evidence, ieaiing legal documenls and seiving couil
oideis; adminisleiing and imlemenling social assislance iogiammes and communily sei-
vices; assisling clienls lo deal will eisonal and social ioLlems; ioviding iaclical assis-
lance, guidance and moial suoil lo individuals and communilies.
3411 LegaIandPeIatedAssociateProfessionaIs
3412 5ociaI Work Associate ProfessionaIs
3413PeIigiousAssociateProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup3411
LegaIandPeIatedAssociateProfessionaIs
Legal and related associate professionals perform
support functions in courts of law or in law of-
lces, iovide seivices ielaled lo sucl legal malleis
as insurance contracts, the transferring of prop-
erty and the granting of loans and other nancial
liansaclions, oi conducl invesligalions loi clienls.
Tasls include
(a) documenting court proceedings and judge-
menls;
(L) seiving slalemenls ol claims, summonses,
waiianls, suLoenas and ollei couil oideis;
(c) maintaining order in court and hearing
iooms;
(d) preparing legal documents including trial
briefs, pleadings, appeals, wills and contracts,
and preparing papers summarizing legal pos-
itions or setting out conditions of loans or in-
suiance;
(e) invesligaling lacls, assemLling evidence and
ieseaicling ielevanl slalules, decisions and
ollei legal documenls lo ieaie cases;
(l) advising clienls on legal malleis;
(g) examining documenlalion sucl as moil-
gages, liens, judgements, easements, con-
liacls and mas in oidei lo veiily ioeilies`
legal desciilions and owneisli;
(h) preparing documents relating to transfer of
ieal eslale, slocls oi ollei malleis iequiiing
loimal iegislialion;
(i) invesligaling ossiLle cases ol llell ol goods,
money or information from business estab-
lishments and of other possible cases of un-
lawlul Lelavioui Ly cuslomeis oi emloyees;
(j) invesligaling eslaLlislmenls oi lle ciicum-
slances and Lelavioui ol eisons on Lelall
of clients.
y Baili
y Conveyancing cleil
y Court clerk
y Judges clerk
y Justice of the peace
y Law clerk
y Legal assistant
y Paralegal
y Piivale deleclive
y Tille seaiclei
y Iawyei 2611
y 1udge 2612
y olaiy 2619
y Iegal secielaiy 3342
Unit0rcup3412
5ociaI Work Associate ProfessionaIs

Social work associate professionals administer
and implement social assistance programmes
and communily seivices and assisl clienls lo deal
with personal and social problems.
Tasls include
(a) collecling inloimalion ielevanl lo clienls`
needs and assessing lleii ielevanl slills,
slienglls and delcils;
(b) helping persons with disabilities or the el-
deily lo oLlain seivices and lo imiove lleii
aLilily lo lunclion in sociely;
(c) assisting clients to identify options and de-
velo lans ol aclion, wlile ioviding ne-
cessaiy suoil and assislance;
(d) assisting clients to identify and access com-
munity resources including legal, medical
and nancial assistance, housing, employ-
menl, liansoilalion, assislance will moves,
day caie and ollei ieleiial seivices;
(e) counselling clienls living in giou lomes and
lall-way louses, sueivising lleii aclivilies
and assisting in pre-release and release plan-
ning;
(f) participating in the selection and admission
ol clienls lo aioiiale iogiammes;
(g) ioviding ciisis inleivenlion and emeigency
slellei seivices;
(h) implementing life skills workshops, substance
aLuse liealmenl iogiammes, Lelavioui
managemenl iogiammes, youll seivices
programmes and other community and social
seivice iogiammes undei lle sueivision ol
social woil oi lealll caie iolessionals;
(i) assisling in evalualing lle eecliveness ol in-
leivenlions and iogiammes Ly moniloiing
and ieoiling on clienls` iogiess;
(j) mainlaining conlacl will ollei social seivice
agencies, sclools and lealll caie iovideis
involved will clienls lo iovide inloimalion
and oLlain leedLacl on clienls` oveiall silu-
ation and progress.
y Communily develomenl woilei
y Communily seivices woilei
y Ciisis inleivenlion woilei
y DisaLilily seivices woilei
y !amily seivices woilei
y Life skills instructor
y Menlal lealll suoil woilei
y Welfare support worker
y Women`s slellei sueivisoi
y Youll seivices woilei
y Maiiiage counselloi 2635
y Paiole omcei 2635
y PioLalion omcei 2635
Unit0rcup3413
PeIigiousAssociateProfessionaIs
Religious associale iolessionals iovide suoil
to ministers of religion or to a religious com-
munity, undertake religious works, preach and
propagate the teachings of a particular religion
and endeavoui lo imiove well-Leing lliougl
lle owei ol laill and siiilual advice.
Tasls include
(a) undeilaling ieligious woils;
(b) preaching and propagating the teachings of
a ailiculai ieligious laill;
(c) assisling al seivices ol uLlic woisli and
ieligious iiles;
(d) ioviding ieligious educalion, siiilual guid-
ance and moial suoil lo individuals and
communilies;
(e) administering and participating in pro-
giammes lo iovide lood, clolling and
slellei lo llose in need;
(l) advising communilies and individuals on
ioei Lelavioui and laill lo ieseive oi
imiove well-Leing.
y Faith healer
y Lay preacher
y Monl
y Nun
y Bonze 2636
y !mam 2636
y Minislei ol ieligion 2636
y Poojaii 2636
y Piiesl 2636
y RaLLi 2636
y HeiLalisl 3230
y Wilcl docloi 3230
Mincr0rcup342
5ports and Fitness Workers
Soils and llness woileis ieaie loi and comele in soiling evenls loi lnancial gain; liain
amaleui and iolessional soilsmen and women lo enlance eiloimance; iomole ailici-
alion and slandaids in soil; oiganize and omciale soiling evenls; and iovide insliuclion,
liaining and sueivision loi vaiious loims ol exeicise and ollei ieciealional aclivilies.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ailicialing in comelilive soiling evenls; conducling
soils liaining lo develo aLilily in and lnowledge ol lle soil; comiling iules conceining
lle conducl ol soiling comelilions, and conliolling lle iogiess ol llese evenls; lanning,
oiganizing and conducling iaclice sessions; develoing and designing llness iogiammes; de-
liveiing giou exeicise classes and eisonal luilion in a vaiiely ol llness aclivilies; iomoling
soils and soils slills develomenl; oveiseeing lle ailicialion ol young eole in soil.
3421 AthIetes and 5ports PIayers
3422 5ports Coaches, !nstructors and DfciaIs
3423 Fitness and Pecreation !nstructors and Programme Leaders
Unit0rcup3421
AthIetes and 5ports PIayers

Allleles and soil layeis ailiciale in com-
elilive soiling evenls. Tley liain and comele,
eillei individually oi as ail ol a leam, in lleii
chosen sport.
Tasls include
(a) ailicialing in comelilive soiling evenls;
(b) participating in regular practice and training
sessions and undeilaling iivale liaining lo
mainlain lle iequiied slandaid ol llness and
slill;
(c) undeilaling soils iomolional aclivilies
and media inleiviews;
(d) mainlaining a ligl degiee ol exeilise in a
ailiculai soil;
(e) deciding on strategies in consultation with
coacles;
(f) assessing other competitors and conditions at
venues;
(g) comeling in soiling evenls;
(h) adhering to the rules and regulations associ-
ated with a specic sport.
y Alllele
y Bicycle racer
y Boxei
y Chess player
y Footballer
y Gollei
y Hockey player
y Jockey
y Poker player
y Racing diivei
y Skier
y Tennis layei
y Wrestler
Unit0rcup3422
5ports Coaches, !nstructors and DfciaIs

Sports coaches, instructors and ofcials work
with amateur and professional sportspersons
to enhance performance and encourage greater
participation in sport, and organize and ofciate
in soiling evenls accoiding lo eslaLlisled iules.
Tasls include
(a) identifying strengths and weaknesses of ath-
leles oi leams;
(L) lanning, develoing and imlemenling
liaining and iaclice sessions;
(c) develoing, lanning and cooidinaling com-
elilive scledules and iogiammes;
(d) molivaling and ieaiing allleles oi leams
loi comelilive evenls oi games;
(e) loimulaling comelilive slialegy, develoing
game plans and directing athletes and players
duiing games oi alllelic evenls;
(l) analysing and evalualing allleles` oi leams`
performances and modifying training pro-
giammes;
(g) moniloiing and analysing leclnique and ei-
formance, and determining how future im-
iovemenls can Le made;
(l) omcialing al soiling evenls oi alllelic com-
petitions to maintain standards of play and
to ensure that game rules and safety regula-
lions aie oLseived;
(i) recording lapsed time and keeping score
duiing evenls oi comelilions;
(j) judging the performance of competitors,
awarding points, imposing penalties for in-
liaclions and deleimining iesulls;
(k) compiling scores and other athletic records.
y Referee
y Ski instructor
y Sports coach
y Sports ofcial
y Swimming instructor
y !ilness insliucloi 3423
y Hoise iiding insliucloi 3423
Unit0rcup3423
FitnessandPecreation!nstructors
and Programme Leaders
Fitness and recreation instructors and pro-
gramme leaders lead, guide and instruct groups
and individuals in ieciealional, llness oi oul-
dooi advenluie aclivilies.
Tasls include
(a) planning and carrying out recreational and
llness aclivilies;
(b) monitoring recreational, sports or fitness
aclivilies lo ensuie salely and iovide emei-
gency oi lisl aid assislance wlen iequiied;
(c) evalualing and moniloiing clienls` aLililies
and llness and iecommending aclivilies;
(d) demonslialing and leacling Lody move-
ments, concepts and skills used in fitness
ioulines and ieciealional aclivilies;
(e) insliucling in lle use ol equimenl;
(l) exlaining and enloicing salely ioceduies,
rules and regulations.
y AeioLics insliucloi
y Fitness instructor
y Horse riding instructor
y Ouldooi advenluie guide
y Personal trainer
y Sailing instructor
y \ndeiwalei diving insliucloi
y Sli insliucloi 3422
y Swimming insliucloi 3422
Mincr0rcup343
Artistic,CuIturaIandCuIinaryAssociateProfessionaIs
Ailislic, culluial and culinaiy associale iolessionals comLine ciealive slills and leclnical
and culluial lnowledge in laling and iocessing slill lologials; design and decoialion ol
llealie sels, slo dislays and lle inleiiois ol lomes; ieaialion ol oLjecls loi dislay; main-
lenance ol liLiaiy and galleiy colleclions, iecoids and calaloguing syslems; ciealion ol menus
and ieaialion and iesenlalion ol lood; iovision ol suoil loi slage, llm and lelevision
ioduclion; and in ollei aieas ol ailislic and culluial endeavoui.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing slill cameias lo lologial eole, evenls, scenes,
maleiials, ioducls and ollei suLjecls; alying ailislic leclniques lo ioducl design, inleiioi
decoialion and sales iomolion; mounling and ieaiing oLjecls loi dislay; designing and
aiianging exliLil luinislings, dislay cases and dislay aieas; designing menus and oveiseeing
lle ieaialion ol lood; assisling diieclois and eiloimeis will lle slaging ol llealiical,
molion icluie, lelevision oi commeicial ioduclions.
3431 Photographers
3432!nteriorDesignersandDecorators
3433 SaIIery, Museum and Library Technicians
3434Chefs
3435DtherArtisticandCuIturaIAssociateProfessionaIs
Unit0rcup3431
Photographers
Photographers operate still cameras to photo-
gial eole, evenls, scenes, maleiials, ioducls
and other subjects.
Tasls include
(a) laling lologials loi adveilising oi ollei
commercial, industrial or scientic purposes
and to illustrate stories and articles in news-
aeis, magazines and ollei uLlicalions;
(b) taking portrait photographs of persons and
gious ol eisons;
(c) sludying iequiiemenls ol a ailiculai assign-
ment and decide on type of camera, film,
lighting and background accessories to be
used;
(d) determining picture composition, and
maling leclnical adjuslmenls lo equimenl
and lologial suLjecl;
(e) operating scanners to transfer photographic
images lo comuleis;
(f) operating computers to manipulate photo-
gialic images;
(g) adaling exisling lologialic images lo
create new digitized images to be included
in mullimedia ioducls;
(l) using aiiLiusl, comulei oi ollei leclniques
lo cieale lle desiied visual eecl.
y Aeiial lologialei
y Commercial photographer
y Industrial photographer
y Photographer
y Photo journalist
y Portrait photographer
y Scientic photographer
y !ilm cameia oeialoi 3521
y Video cameia oeialoi 3521
y Plologialic equimenl ieaiiei 7311
y Plologiavuie lologialei 7321
y Plololillogialei 7321
Unit0rcup3432
!nteriorDesignersandDecorators
Interior designers and decorators plan and design
commercial, industrial, public, retail and residen-
lial Luilding inleiiois lo ioduce an enviionmenl
tailored to a purpose, taking into consideration
laclois llal enlance living and woiling enviion-
menls and sales iomolion. Tley cooidinale and
participate in their construction and decoration.
Tasls include
and slaleloldeis;
(b) researching and analysing spatial, functional,
emciency, salely and aesllelic iequiiemenls;
(c) formulating design concepts for the interiors
ol Luildings;
(d) preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations
and lans lo communicale design concels;
(e) negotiating design solutions with clients, man-
agemenl, sulieis and consliuclion sla;
(f) selecting, specifying and recommending
functional and aesthetic materials, furniture
and ioducls loi inleiiois;
(g) detailing and documenting selected design
loi consliuclion;
(h) coordinating the construction and the deco-
ialion ol inleiiois;
(i) designing and ainling slage sceneiy;
(j) designing and decorating show windows and
other display areas to promote products and
seivices.
y Dislay decoialoi
y Interior decorator
y Set designer
y Visual merchandiser
y Window dresser
y !nleiioi aiclilecl 2161
Unit0rcup3433
SaIIery, Museum and Library Technicians

Galleiy, museum and liLiaiy leclnicians ieaie
artworks, specimens and artefacts for collec-
lions, aiiange and consliucl galleiy exliLils, and
assist librarians to organize and operate systems
for handling recorded material and les.
Tasls include
(a) mounling and ieaiing oLjecls loi dislay;
(L) designing and aiianging exliLil luinislings,
dislay cases and dislay aieas;
(c) assisting in setting up lighting and display
equimenl;
(d) ieceiving, sliing, acling and unacling
exliLils;
(e) ordering new library materials and main-
taining library records and circulation sys-
lems;
(l) calaloguing iinled and iecoided maleiial;
(g) entering data into databases and editing
comulei iecoids;
(l) oeialing audiovisual and ieiogialic
equimenl;
(i) seaicling and veiilying LiLliogialic dala.
y Galleiy leclnician
y Library technician
y Museum leclnician
y Taxideimisl
Unit0rcup3434
Chefs
Clels design menus, cieale disles and oveisee lle
planning, organization, preparation and cooking
of meals in hotels, restaurants and other eating
places, on board ships, on passenger trains and
in iivale louselolds.
Tasls include
(a) lanning and develoing iecies and menus,
estimating food and labour costs, and or-
deiing lood sulies;
(L) moniloiing qualily ol disles al all slages ol
ieaialion and iesenlalion;
(c) discussing food preparation issues with man-
ageis, dielicians and lilclen and wailing sla;
(d) sueivising and cooidinaling lle aclivilies
of cooks and other workers engaged in food
ieaialion;
(e) insecling sulies, equimenl and woil
areas to ensure conformity with established
slandaids;
(f) determining how food should be presented,
and ciealing decoialive lood dislays;
(g) instructing cooks and other workers in the
preparation, cooking, garnishing and pres-
enlalion ol lood;
(h) participating in the recruitment of kitchen
sla and moniloiing lleii eiloimance;
(i) preparing, seasoning and cooking speciality
loods and comlex disles;
(j) exlaining and enloicing lygiene and lood
safety regulations.
y Chef
y Lxeculive clel
y Head chef
y Pastry chef
y Saucier
y Sous-chef
y Cool 5120
y !asl lood ieaiei 9411
Unit0rcup3435
DtherArtisticandCuIturaIAssociate
ProfessionaIs
Tlis unil giou coveis ailislic and culluial as-
sociate professionals not classied elsewhere in
Minoi Giou 343: Ailislic, Culluial and Culi-
naiy Associale Piolessionals. !oi inslance, llose
who assist directors or actors with staging of the-
aliical, molion icluie, lelevision oi commeicial
productions are classied here.
y Body artist
y Floor manager (broadcasting)
y Lighting technician
y Programme coordinator (broadcasting)
y Prompter
y Property master (broadcasting)
y Sciil-giil/Loy
y Secial eecls leclnician
y Stage manager
y Stage technician
y Stunt artist
y Stunt coordinator
y Tallooisl
y Tlealie leclnician
y Tlealiical diessei
y Walker-on
Sub-ma|cr0rcup35
!nformation and Communications Technicians
!nloimalion and communicalions leclnicians iovide suoil loi lle day-lo-day iunning
of computer systems, communications systems and networks, and perform technical tasks
related to telecommunications, broadcast image and sound as well as other types of telecom-
munications signals on land, sea or in aircraft. Competent performance in most occupations
in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle lliid !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ioviding assislance
lo inloimalion and communicalions syslems useis; inslalling new iogiams and equimenl;
eslaLlisling, oeialing and mainlaining nelwoil and ollei dala communicalions syslems;
inslalling, moniloiing and suoiling !nleinel and !nlianel weLsiles oi weL seivei laidwaie
oi sollwaie, modilying weL ages and eiloiming weL seivei Laclu and iecoveiy oeialions;
conliolling equimenl lo iecoid sound and edil and mix image and sound iecoidings; conliol-
ling and maintaining transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for radio and
lelevision iogiammes; conliolling and mainlaining iadio communicalions syslems, salellile
seivices and mullilex syslems on land, sea oi in aiiciall; ioviding leclnical assislance con-
necled will ieseaicl and develomenl ol comulei syslems and lelecommunicalions equi-
menl, oi lesling iololyes; designing and ieaiing Llueiinls ol ciicuiliy accoiding lo lle
secilcalions given; ioviding leclnical sueivision ol lle manulacluie, ulilizalion, main-
tenance and repair of telecommunications systems.
351 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy Dperations
and User 5upport Technicians
352 TeIecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians
Mincr0rcup351
!nformation and Communications TechnoIogy Dperations and User 5upport Technicians
!nloimalion leclnology oeialions and usei suoil leclnicians iovide suoil loi lle day-
lo-day iunning ol communicalions syslems, comulei syslems and nelwoils, and iovide
technical assistance to users.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing and conliolling eiileial and ielaled comulei
equimenl; moniloiing syslems loi equimenl lailuie oi eiiois in eiloimance; loading e-
iileial equimenl, sucl as iinleis, will selecled maleiials loi oeialing iuns, oi oveiseeing
loading ol eiileial equimenl Ly eiileial equimenl oeialois; answeiing usei inquiiies
iegaiding sollwaie oi laidwaie oeialion lo iesolve ioLlems; inslalling and eiloiming
minoi ieaiis lo laidwaie, sollwaie oi eiileial equimenl, lollowing design oi inslallalion
secilcalions; oveiseeing lle daily eiloimance ol syslems; selling u equimenl loi emloyee
use and performing or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating systems or appropriate
sollwaie; eslaLlisling, oeialing and mainlaining nelwoil and ollei dala communicalions
syslems; inslalling, moniloiing and suoiling lle ieliaLilily and usaLilily ol !nleinel and
!nlianel weLsiles oi weL seivei laidwaie oi sollwaie; modilying weL ages; eiloiming weL
seivei Laclu and iecoveiy oeialions.
3511 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy Dperations Technicians
3512 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy User 5upport Technicians
3513 Computer Network and 5ystems Technicians
3514 Web Technicians
Unit0rcup3511

Dperations Technicians
operations technicians support the day-to-day
processing, operation and monitoring of infor-
mation and communications technology systems,
peripherals, hardware, software and related com-
ulei equimenl lo ensuie olimal eiloimance
and identify any problems.
Tasls include
(a) operating and controlling peripheral and re-
laled comulei equimenl;
(b) entering commands, using computer termi-
nals and aclivaling conliols on comulei
and eiileial equimenl lo inlegiale and
oeiale equimenl;
(c) moniloiing syslems loi equimenl lailuie oi
eiiois in eiloimance;
(d) nolilying sueivisois oi mainlenance leclni-
cians ol equimenl mallunclions;
(e) responding to program error messages by
nding and correcting problems, escalating
lle ioLlem lo ollei sla oi leiminaling lle
iogiam;
(f) reading job set-up instructions to determine
equimenl lo Le used, oidei ol use, maleiial
such as disks and paper to be loaded, and to
conliol sellings;
(g) ieliieving, seaialing and soiling iogiam
output as needed, and sending data to speci-
led useis;
(l) loading eiileial equimenl, sucl as iinleis,
with selected materials for operating runs, or
oveiseeing loading ol eiileial equimenl
Ly eiileial equimenl oeialois.
y Computer operator
y Comulei eiileial equimenl oeialoi
y High-speed computer printer operator
y Comulei nelwoil leclnician 3513
Unit0rcup3512

User 5upport Technicians
Information and communications technology user
suoil leclnicians iovide leclnical assislance
to users, either directly or by telephone, email
or other electronic means, including diagnosing
and iesolving issues and ioLlems will soll-
waie, laidwaie, comulei eiileial equimenl,
networks, databases and the Internet, and pro-
viding guidance and suoil in lle deloymenl,
installation and maintenance of systems.
Tasls include
(a) answeiing usei inquiiies iegaiding sollwaie
oi laidwaie oeialion lo iesolve ioLlems;
(L) enleiing commands and oLseiving syslem
lunclioning lo veiily coiiecl oeialions and
delecl eiiois;
(c) installing and performing minor repairs to
laidwaie, sollwaie oi eiileial equimenl,
following design or installation specifica-
lions;
(d) oveiseeing lle daily eiloimance ol commu-
nicalions and comulei syslems;
(e) selling u equimenl loi emloyee use and
performing or ensuring proper installation
of cables, operating systems or appropriate
sollwaie;
(f) maintaining records of daily data communi-
cation transactions, problems and remedial
aclions lalen, oi inslallalion aclivilies;
(g) emulating or reproducing technical problems
encounleied Ly useis;
(h) consulting user guides, technical manuals
and other documents to research and imple-
menl solulions;
(i) assisting applications programmers, systems
develoeis and ollei !CT iolessionals lo
develo and lesl !CT ioducls and seivices.
y Communicalions assislanl (!CT)
y Computer database assistant
y Computer help desk operator
y Computer programming assistant
y Computer systems analysis assistant
Unit0rcup3513
Computer Network and 5ystems Technicians

Computer network and systems technicians es-
tablish, operate and maintain network and other
data communications systems.
Tasls include
(a) operating, maintaining and troubleshooting
nelwoil syslems;
(b) operating and maintaining data communica-
lions syslems ollei llan nelwoils;
(c) assisting users with network and data com-
municalions ioLlems;
(d) idenlilying aieas needing ugiaded equi-
menl and sollwaie;
(e) installing computer hardware, network soft-
ware, operating system software and applica-
lions sollwaie;
(f) performing start up and close down as well
as Laclu and disaslei iecoveiy oeialions
for computer networks.
y Computer network technician
y Network support technician
y Comulei oeialoi 3511
y WeL leclnician 3514
Unit0rcup3514
Web Technicians
Web technicians maintain, monitor and support
the optimal functioning of Internet and Intranet
weLsiles and weL seivei laidwaie and sollwaie.
Tasls include
(a) installing, monitoring and supporting the
reliability and usability of Internet and In-
lianel weLsiles oi weL seivei laidwaie oi
sollwaie;
(L) develoing and mainlaining documenlalion,
policies and instructions, recording oper-
alional ioceduies and syslem logs;
(c) develoing, cooidinaling, imlemenling and
moniloiing secuiily measuies;
(d) analysing and making recommendations to
enhance performance, including upgrading
and acquiiing new syslems;
(e) liaising will, and ioviding guidance lo, cli-
enls and useis;
(l) ciealing and modilying weL ages;
(g) eiloiming weL seivei Laclu and iecoveiy
operations.
y Webmaster
y Website administrator
y Website technician
y Comulei games designei 2166
y WeLsile designei 2166
y Syslems analysl (comuleis) 2511
y Comulei sollwaie designei 2512
y WeLsile develoei 2513
y Comulei syslems adminislialoi 2522
Mincr0rcup352
TeIecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians
Telecommunicalions and Lioadcasling leclnicians conliol leclnical lunclioning ol equimenl
lo iecoid and edil images and sound and loi liansmilling iadio and lelevision Lioadcasls ol
images and sounds, as well as other types of telecommunication signals on land, sea or in air-
ciall; and eiloim leclnical lasls connecled will lelecommunicalions engineeiing ieseaicl
and with the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair
of telecommunications systems.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: conliolling equimenl lo iecoid sound and edil and mix
image and sound iecoidings; conliolling and mainlaining liansmilling and Lioadcasl syslems
and salellile syslems loi iadio and lelevision iogiammes; conliolling and mainlaining iadio
communicalions syslems, salellile seivices and mullilex syslems on land, sea oi in aiiciall;
ioviding leclnical assislance connecled will ieseaicl and lle develomenl ol lelecommu-
nicalions equimenl, oi lesling iololyes; designing and ieaiing Llueiinls ol ciicuiliy
accoiding lo lle secilcalions given; ioviding leclnical sueivision ol lle manulacluie,
utilization, maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.
3521BroadcastingandAudiovisuaITechnicians
3522 TeIecommunications Engineering Technicians
Unit0rcup3521
BroadcastingandAudiovisuaITechnicians
Bioadcasling and audiovisual leclnicians con-
liol leclnical lunclioning ol equimenl lo iecoid
and edit images and sound and for transmitting
iadio and lelevision Lioadcasls ol images and
sounds, as well as other types of telecommuni-
cation signals on land, sea or in aircraft.
Tasls include
(a) conliolling equimenl lo iecoid sound;
(L) conliolling equimenl lo edil and mix image
and sound recordings to ensure satisfac-
loiy qualily and lo cieale secial image and
sound eecls;
(c) applying knowledge of principles and prac-
tices of image and sound recording and ed-
iling in oidei lo idenlily and solve ioLlems;
(d) controlling transmitting and broadcast sys-
tems and satellite systems for radio and tel-
evision iogiammes;
(e) controlling radio communications systems,
salellile seivices and mullilex syslems on
land, sea oi in aiiciall;
(f) applying knowledge of principles and prac-
tices of broadcasting, telecommunications
terminals and transmissions systems in order
lo idenlily and solve ioLlems;
(g) maling emeigency ieaiis lo equimenl.
y Audiovisual oeialoi
y Bioadcasling equimenl oeialoi
y Broadcasting technician
y Camera operator (motion picture)
y Cameia oeialoi (video)
y Production assistant (media)
y Plologialei 3431
Unit0rcup3522
TeIecommunications Engineering Technicians

Telecommunicalions engineeiing leclnicians
perform technical tasks connected with telecom-
munications engineering research, as well as with
the design, manufacture, assembly, construction,
operation, maintenance and repair of telecom-
munications systems.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding leclnical assislance connecled
will ieseaicl and lle develomenl ol lel-
ecommunicalions equimenl, oi lesling io-
lolyes;
(b) studying technical material such as blue-
prints and sketches to determine the method
ol woil lo Le adoled;
for the manufacture and installation of tel-
ecommunicalions equimenl, accoiding lo
lle secilcalions given;
(d) ioviding leclnical sueivision ol lle manu-
facture, utilization, maintenance and repair
of telecommunications systems to ensure sat-
isfactory performance and compliance with
(e) applying technical knowledge of telecom-
munications engineering principles and prac-
lices in oidei lo idenlily and solve ioLlems
arising in the course of their work.
y Engineering technician
(telecommunications)
y Lngineeiing leclnician (eleclionics)
3114
y Comulei laidwaie inslallei 7422
y Telecommunicalions equimenl ieaiiei
7422
y Telelone inslallei 7422
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 4 Cleiical Suoil Woileis 219
Ma|cr0rcup4
CLEP!CAL5UPPDPTWDPKEP5
Cleiical suoil woileis iecoid, oiganize, sloie, comule and ieliieve inloimalion, and ei-
loim a numLei ol cleiical dulies in conneclion will money-landling oeialions, liavel ai-
iangemenls, iequesls loi inloimalion, and aoinlmenls. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl
occualions in llis majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly cleiical suoil woileis usually include: slenogialy, lying, and oei-
aling woid iocessois and ollei omce maclines; enleiing dala inlo comuleis; caiiying oul
secielaiial dulies; iecoiding and comuling numeiical dala; leeing iecoids ielaling lo slocls,
ioduclion and liansoil; leeing iecoids ielaling lo assengei and lieigll liansoil; cai-
iying oul cleiical dulies in liLiaiies; lling documenls; caiiying oul dulies in conneclion will
mail seivices; ieaiing and clecling maleiial loi iinling; assisling eisons wlo cannol iead
oi wiile will coiiesondence; eiloiming money-landling oeialions; dealing will liavel ai-
iangemenls; sulying inloimalion iequesled Ly clienls and maling aoinlmenls; oeialing
a lelelone swilclLoaid. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
41 SeneraI and Keyboard CIerks
42 Customer 5ervices CIerks
43 NumericaI and MateriaI Pecording CIerks
Sub-ma|cr0rcup41
SeneraI and Keyboard CIerks
Geneial and leyLoaid cleils iecoid, oiganize, sloie and ieliieve inloimalion and eiloim a
wide iange ol cleiical and adminislialive lasls accoiding lo eslaLlisled ioceduies. Come-
lenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second
!SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: iecoiding, ieaiing,
soiling, classilying and lling inloimalion; soiling, oening and sending mail; ieaiing ie-
oils and coiiesondence ol a iouline naluie; lolocoying and laxing documenls; oeialing
eisonal comuleis, woid iocessois oi lyewiileis lo iecoid, inul and iocess lexl and
dala; ioolieading and coiiecling coy; ieaiing invoices and clecling lguies.
411 SeneraI Dfce CIerks
412 5ecretaries (generaI)
413 Keyboard Dperators
Mincr0rcup411
SeneraI Dfce CIerks
Geneial omce cleils eiloim a iange ol cleiical and adminislialive lasls accoiding lo eslaL-
lished procedures.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: iecoiding, ieaiing, soiling, classilying and lling inloi-
malion; soiling, oening and sending mail; lolocoying and laxing documenls; ieaiing
ieoils and coiiesondence ol a iouline naluie; iecoiding issue ol equimenl lo sla; ie-
sonding lo lelelone oi eleclionic inquiiies oi loiwaiding lo aioiiale eisons; clecling
lguies, ieaiing invoices and iecoiding delails ol lnancial liansaclions made; liansciiLing
information onto computers, and proofreading and correcting copy.
4110 SeneraI Dfce CIerks
Unit0rcup4110
SeneraI Dfce CIerks

Geneial omce cleils eiloim a iange ol cleiical
and adminislialive lasls accoiding lo eslaL-
lished procedures.
Tasls include
(a) recording, preparing, sorting, classifying and
lling inloimalion;
(L) soiling, oening and sending mail;
(c) lolocoying and laxing documenls;
(d) preparing reports and correspondence of a
iouline naluie;
(e) iecoiding issue ol equimenl lo sla;
(f) responding to telephone or electronic in-
quiiies oi loiwaiding lo aioiiale eison;
(g) clecling liguies, ieaiing invoices and
recording details of financial transactions
made;
(h) transcribing information onto computers,
and proofreading and correcting copy.
y Geneial omce cleil
y Ofce clerk
Note
In distinguishing the work of general ofce clerks from
llal ol woileis classiled in \nil Giou 4120: Secielaiies
(general), it should be noted that the work of secretaries
is primarily concerned with the transcription, formatting
and processing of correspondence and other documen-
tation. Whilst general ofce clerks may perform some
work of this nature, the transcription and processing of
documentation is not the main focus of the work.
Mincr0rcup412
5ecretaries (generaI)
Secielaiies (geneial) use lyewiileis, eisonal comuleis oi ollei woid iocessing equimenl
to transcribe correspondence and other documents, check and format documents prepared by
ollei sla, deal will incoming and oulgoing mail, scieen iequesls loi meelings oi aoinl-
menls, and eiloim a vaiiely ol adminislialive suoil lasls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: clecling, loimalling and liansciiLing coiiesondence, min-
utes and reports from dictation, electronic documents or written drafts to conform to ofce
slandaids, using lyewiileis, eisonal comuleis oi ollei woid iocessing equimenl; using
vaiious comulei sollwaie aclages, including sieadsleels, lo iovide adminislialive su-
oil; dealing will incoming oi oulgoing mail; scanning, iecoiding and disliiLuling mail, coiie-
sondence and ollei documenls; scieening iequesls loi meelings oi aoinlmenls and leling lo
oiganize meelings; scieening and iecoiding sla memLeis` leave and ollei enlillemenls; oigan-
izing and sueivising lling syslems; dealing will iouline coiiesondence on lleii own inilialive.
4120 5ecretaries (generaI)
Unit0rcup4120
5ecretaries (generaI)
Secretaries (general) use typewriters, personal
comuleis oi ollei woid iocessing equimenl
to transcribe correspondence and other docu-
ments, check and format documents prepared
Ly ollei sla, deal will incoming and oulgoing
mail, scieen iequesls loi meelings oi aoinl-
menls, and eiloim a vaiiely ol adminislialive
support tasks.
Tasls include
(a) checking, formatting and transcribing corre-
spondence, minutes and reports from dicta-
tion, electronic documents or written drafts
to conform to ofce standards, using type-
writer, personal computer or other word pro-
cessing equimenl;
(L) using vaiious comulei sollwaie aclages
including sieadsleels lo iovide adminis-
lialive suoil;
(c) dealing will incoming oi oulgoing mail;
(d) scanning, recording and distributing mail,
coiiesondence and ollei documenls;
(e) scieening iequesls loi meelings oi aoinl-
menls and leling lo oiganize meelings;
(l) scieening and iecoiding sla memLeis` leave
and ollei enlillemenls;
(g) oiganizing and sueivising lling syslems;
(h) dealing with routine correspondence on their
own inilialive.
y Secretary
y Tying secielaiy
y Word processing secretary
y Iegal secielaiy 3342
y Adminislialive secielaiy 3343
y Lxeculive assislanl 3343
Mincr0rcup413
Keyboard Dperators
KeyLoaid oeialois inul and iocess lexl and dala, and ieaie, edil and geneiale docu-
ments for storage, processing, publication and transmission.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: enleiing dala and codes iequiied lo iocess inloimalion;
ieliieving, conliming and udaling dala in sloiage and leeing iecoids ol dala inul; laling
iecoids ol ioceedings in iaid sloilland using comuleiized equimenl and sloilland-
wiiling maclines; liansciiLing inloimalion iecoided in sloilland and on sound iecoiding
equimenl, and ioolieading and coiiecling coy; ieioducing lle solen woid, enviion-
menlal sounds and song lyiics as calions loi cinema and lelevision iogiamming.
4131 Typists and Word Processing Dperators
4132 Data Entry CIerks
Unit0rcup4131
Typists and Word Processing Dperators

Tyisls and woid iocessing oeialois lye, edil
and iinl lexl using lyewiileis, eisonal com-
puters or other word processors, and record oral
or written matter in shorthand.
Tasls include
(a) typing written material from rough drafts,
coiiecled coies, voice iecoidings oi sloil-
hand using a computer, word processor or
lyewiilei;
(b) checking completed work for proper spelling,
giammai, unclualion and loimalling;
(c) gathering and arranging the material to be
lyed, lollowing insliuclions;
(d) ling and storing completed documents on
comulei laid diive oi disl, oi mainlaining
a comulei lling syslem lo sloie, ieliieve oi
udale documenls;
(e) taking dictation and recording other matter
in sloilland;
(l) ieioducing lle solen woid, enviionmenlal
sounds and song lyrics as captions for cinema
and lelevision iogiamming;
(g) transcribing information recorded in short-
land and on sound iecoiding equimenl.
y Shorthand typist
y Stenographer
y Tyisl
y Word processor
y Couil ieoilei 3343
y Medical liansciilionisl 3344
Unit0rcup4132
Data Entry CIerks

Dala enliy cleils enlei coded, slalislical, lnancial
and ollei numeiical dala inlo eleclionic equi-
ment, computerized databases, spreadsheets or
other data repositories using a keyboard, mouse,
optical scanner, speech recognition software or
ollei dala enliy lools. Tley enlei dala inlo me-
clanical and eleclionic devices lo eiloim mall-
ematical calculations.
Tasls include
(a) ieceiving and iegisleiing invoices, loims, ie-
coids and ollei documenls loi dala caluie;
(L) enleiing numeiical dala, codes and lexl liom
source material into computer-compatible
sloiage and iocessing devices;
(c) veiilying accuiacy and comleleness ol dala
and coiiecling enleied dala, il needed;
(d) operating bookkeeping and calculating ma-
clines;
(e) imoiling and exoiling dala Lelween dil-
ferent database systems and software.
y Dala enliy oeialoi
y Dala inul cleil
y Payment entry clerk
Sub-ma|cr0rcup42
Customer 5ervices CIerks
Cuslomei seivices cleils deal will clienls in conneclion will money-landling oeialions,
liavel aiiangemenls, iequesls loi inloimalion, maling aoinlmenls, oeialing lelelone
swilclLoaids, and inleiviewing loi suiveys oi lo comlele alicalions loi eligiLilily loi sei-
vices. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al
lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: eiloiming money-
handling operations in banks, post ofces and betting and gambling establishments, or dealing
will liavel aiiangemenls; sulying inloimalion iequesled Ly clienls and maling aoinl-
menls; oeialing lelelone swilclLoaids; gieeling and ieceiving visilois; inleiviewing suivey
iesondenls; inleiviewing alicanls loi seivices.
421 TeIIers, Money CoIIectors and PeIated CIerks
422 CIient !nformation Workers
Mincr0rcup421
TeIIers, Money CoIIectors and PeIated CIerks
Telleis, money colleclois and ielaled cleils eiloim money-landling oeialions in eslaLlisl-
menls ielaling lo Lanling, oslal seivices, Lelling oi gamLling, awning and deLl collecling.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: dealing will clienls ol Lanls oi osl omces in conneclion
will money oeialions oi oslal seivices; ieceiving and aying o Lels on iesulls ol soiling
evenls; conducling gamLling games; lending money againsl ailicles deosiled oi ollei secui-
ilies; collecling deLls and ollei aymenls.
4211 Bank TeIIers and PeIated CIerks
4212 Bookmakers, Croupiers and PeIated Saming Workers
4213 Pawnbrokers and Money-Ienders
4214 Debt CoIIectors and PeIated Workers
Unit0rcup4211
Bank TeIIers and PeIated CIerks

Bank tellers and related clerks deal directly with
clients of banks or post ofces in connection with
ieceiving, clanging and aying oul money, oi
ioviding mail seivices.
Tasls include
(a) processing customer cash deposits and with-
diawals, cleques, liansleis, Lills, ciedil caid
aymenls, money oideis, ceililed cleques
and ollei ielaled Lanling liansaclions;
(L) ciediling and deLiling clienls` accounls;
(c) paying bills and making money transfers on
clienls` Lelall;
(d) ieceiving mail, selling oslage slams and
conducting other post ofce counter business
such as bill payments, money transfers and
ielaled Lusiness;
(e) changing money from one currency to an-
ollei, as iequesled Ly clienls;
(f) making records of all transactions and rec-
onciling them with cash balance.
y Bank teller
y Money clangei
y Post ofce counter clerk
y Casliei 5230
Unit0rcup4212
Bookmakers, Croupiers and PeIated Saming

Workers
Bookmakers and croupiers and related gaming
woileis deleimine odds and ieceive and ay o
Lels on iesulls ol soiling oi ollei evenls, oi con-
duct games of chance in gambling establishments.
Tasls include
(a) determining risks to decide odds and to
ledge oi ieluse Lels;
(L) ieaiing and issuing lisls ol aioximale
odds;
(c) distributing cards, rolling dice or spinning a
ioulelle wleel;
(d) exlaining and inleiieling oeialing iules
ol a gamLling eslaLlislmenl;
(e) announcing winning numbers, paying win-
ners and collecting payments from losers.
y Bookmaker
y Croupier
Unit0rcup4213
Pawnbrokers and Money-Ienders

Pawnbrokers and money-lenders lend money
against articles deposited as pledges, or against
property or other security.
Tasls include
(a) evalualing ailicles oeied as ledges, calcu-
laling inleiesl, and lending money;
(b) returning articles when the loan is paid or,
in lle evenl ol non-aymenl, selling ledged
ailicles;
(c) lending money as personal loans against suc-
cess ol luluie laivesl and ollei similai un-
deilalings;
(d) collecling loans wlen lle ledge involved lle
success ol luluie laivesl and ollei similai
undeilalings;
(e) leeing a iecoid ol ilems ieceived and money
disliiLuled and ieceived.
y Money-lendei
y Pawnbroker
Unit0rcup4214
Debt CoIIectors and PeIated Workers

DeLl colleclois and ielaled woileis collecl ay-
menls on oveidue accounls and Lad cleques and
collect charity payments.
Tasls include
(a) liacing and localing deLlois;
(L) leleloning, visiling oi wiiling lo cuslomeis lo
collecl money oi aiiange loi lalei aymenls;
(c) preparing reports including amounts col-
lected, and maintaining records and les re-
laled lo colleclion woil;
(d) recommending legal action or discontinua-
lion ol seivice wlen aymenl cannol Le oll-
eiwise oLlained;
(e) asking for and collecting charity payments.
y Bill and account collector
y Charity collector
y DeLl collecloi
Mincr0rcup422
CIient !nformation Workers
Clienl inloimalion woileis iovide oi oLlain inloimalion in eison, Ly lelelone oi elec-
lionic means sucl as email in conneclion will maling liavel aiiangemenls, desciiLing lle
ioducls oi seivices ol an oiganizalion, iegisleiing and gieeling guesls and visilois, maling
aoinlmenls, connecling lelelone calls and collecling inloimalion liom suivey iesondenls
oi alicanls loi seivices.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing ilineiaiies and maling liavel and lolel ieseiva-
lions loi clienls; gieeling and ieceiving clienls and visilois; iegisleiing accommodalion guesls;
ioviding inloimalion conceining lle goods, seivices oi olicies ol an oiganizalion; maling
aoinlmenls; oeialing a lelelone swilclLoaid; inleiviewing suivey iesondenls and a-
plicants for eligibility.
4221 TraveI ConsuItants and CIerks
4222 Contact Centre !nformation CIerks
4223 TeIephone 5witchboard Dperators
4224 HoteI Peceptionists
4225 !nquiry CIerks
4226 Peceptionists (generaI)
4227 5urvey and Market Pesearch !nterviewers
4229 CIient !nformation Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup4221
TraveI ConsuItants and CIerks

Tiavel consullanls and cleils iovide inloimalion
aLoul liavel deslinalions, aiiange liavel ilineiaiies,
oLlain liavel and accommodalion ieseivalions
and register passengers at check-in and departure.
Tasls include
(a) oLlaining inloimalion aLoul lle availaLilily,
cosl and convenience ol dieienl lyes ol
transport and accommodation, ascertaining
cuslomeis` iequiiemenls and advising llem
on liavel aiiangemenls;
(L) ioviding inloimalion aLoul local and ie-
gional attractions, sightseeing tours, restau-
ianls, ails and enleilainmenl, and ioviding
mas and Liocluies;
(c) ieaiing ilineiaiies;
(d) maling and conliiming ieseivalions loi
liavel, louis and accommodalion;
(e) issuing liclels, Loaiding asses and voucleis;
(f) helping customers in obtaining necessary
liavel documenls sucl as visas;
(g) veiilying liavel documenlalion and iegis-
tering passengers and luggage at check-in
and deailuie;
(l) ieaiing Lills and ieceiving aymenls.
y Aiiline liclel agenl
y Check-in attendant
y Ticlel issuing cleil (liavel)
y Touiism inloimalion cleil
y Tiavel agency cleil
y Tiavel consullanl
y Tiavel desl cleil
y Tiavel agency managei 1439
y Conleience and evenl lannei 3332
y Toui oeialoi 3339
y Toui escoil 5113
y Touiisl guide 5113
y Ticlel issuing cleil (enleilainmenl and
soiling evenls) 5230
Unit0rcup4222
Contact Centre !nformation CIerks

Conlacl cenlie inloimalion cleils iovide advice
and inloimalion lo clienls, iesond lo queiies ie-
garding a companys or an organizations goods,
seivices oi olicies, and iocess lnancial lians-
actions using the telephone or electronic commu-
nicalions media sucl as email. Tley aie localed
in premises that may be remote from clients or
other operations of the organizations or com-
anies aLoul wlom inloimalion is iovided.
Tasls include
(a) dealing with incoming calls and messages
liom clienls, wlellei lo answei queiies,
landle calls loi seivice oi soil oul comlainls;
(L) idenlilying iequiiemenls and enleiing evenls
inlo a comulei syslem;
(c) disalcling lasls lo ollei unils, wlen ielevanl;
(d) invoicing oi landling aymenls, wleie ne-
cessaiy;
(e) sending letters, information sheets and other
documenls lo clienls;
(l) advising clienls ol addilional ioducls oi sei-
vices.
y Customer contact centre information clerk
y Telelone oeialoi 4223
y Mailel ieseaicl inleiviewei 4227
y Call cenlie saleseison 5244
y Cuslomei conlacl cenlie saleseison 5244
y Telemaileling saleseison 5244
Note
Only woileis wlo iesond lo iequesls loi inloimalion
and/oi landle sliaigllloiwaid liansaclions aie classi-
led in \nil Giou 4222: Conlacl Cenlie !nloimalion
Cleils. Tlose wlo iovide secialized seivices, sucl as
liavel consullanls, aie classiled in lle ielevanl secial-
ized group whether or not they are located in customer
contact centres.
Unit0rcup4223
TeIephone 5witchboard Dperators

Telelone swilclLoaid oeialois oeiale lel-
ephone communications switchboards and con-
soles lo eslaLlisl lelelone conneclions, ieceive
callei inquiiies, seivice ioLlem ieoils, and
iecoid and ielay messages lo sla oi clienls.
Tasls include
(a) operating switchboards and consoles to con-
nect, hold, transfer and disconnect telephone
calls;
(L) maling conneclions loi oulgoing calls;
(c) dealing will lelelone inquiiies and ie-
coiding messages;
(d) loiwaiding messages lo sla oi clienls;
(e) invesligaling oeialing syslem ioLlems and
inloiming ieaii seivices.
y Answeiing seivice oeialoi
y Telelone swilclLoaid oeialoi
Unit0rcup4224
HoteI Peceptionists
Hotel receptionists welcome and register guests
in lolels and ollei eslaLlislmenls llal iovide
accommodalion seivices. Tley assign iooms,
issue leys, iovide inloimalion conceining lle
seivices iovided, male ioom ieseivalions, lee
a iecoid ol iooms availaLle loi occuancy, ie-
sent statements of charges to departing guests
and ieceive aymenl.
Tasls include
(a) mainlaining an invenloiy ol iooms availaLle
loi occuancy, ieseivalions and ioom as-
signmenls;
(L) iegisleiing aiiiving guesls, assigning iooms,
veiilying cuslomeis` ciedil and issuing ioom
leys;
(c) ioviding inloimalion iegaiding lolel sei-
vices and seivices availaLle in lle commu-
nily;
(d) ioviding inloimalion aLoul availaLilily ol
accommodalion and maling ioom ieseiva-
lions;
(e) iesonding lo guesls` iequesls loi louse-
leeing and mainlenance seivices as well as
lo comlainls;
(f) contacting housekeeping or maintenance ser-
vices wlen guesls ieoil ioLlems;
(g) compiling and checking guest accounts for
charges using computerized or manual sys-
lems;
(l) ieceiving and loiwaiding messages in eison
or using telephones or telephone switch-
Loaids;
(i) ieviewing slalemenls ol claiges lo deailing
guesls and ieceiving aymenl.
y Hotel front desk clerk
y Hotel receptionist
Unit0rcup4225
!nquiry CIerks
!nquiiy cleils iesond lo eisonal, wiillen and
eleclionic mail as well as lelelone inquiiies and
complaints about the organizations goods, ser-
vices and olicies, iovide inloimalion and ielei
eole lo ollei souices. Tley aie emloyed in
locations which put them in direct contact with
clients or with the production of the goods and
seivices iovided.
Tasls include
(a) answeiing inquiiies aLoul goods, seivices
and olicy and ioviding inloimalion aLoul
lleii availaLilily, localion, iice and ielaled
issues;
(L) iesonding lo inquiiies aLoul ioLlems and
ioviding advice, inloimalion and assis-
lance;
(c) iecoiding inloimalion aLoul inquiiies and
comlainls;
(d) ieleiiing comlex inquiiies lo leam leadeis
oi exeil adviseis;
(e) issuing ielevanl loims, inloimalion lils and
brochures to interested parties.
y Counlei inquiiies cleil
y Information clerk
Unit0rcup4226
Peceptionists (generaI)
Recelionisls (geneial) ieceive and welcome visi-
lois, clienls oi guesls and iesond lo inquiiies
and iequesls including aiianging loi aoinl-
ments.
Tasls include
(a) ieceiving and welcoming visilois, guesls oi
clienls;
(L) maling aoinlmenls loi clienls;
(c) dealing will lelelone iequesls loi inloima-
lion oi aoinlmenls;
(d) directing clients to appropriate location or
eison;
(e) supplying information pamphlets, brochures
or forms.
y Medical omce iecelionisl
y Receptionist
y Holel iecelionisl 4224
Unit0rcup4227
5urvey and Market Pesearch !nterviewers

Suivey and mailel ieseaicl inleivieweis inleiview
eole and iecoid lleii iesonses lo suivey and
mailel ieseaicl queslions on a iange ol loics.
Tasls include
(a) conlacling individuals Ly lelelone oi in
eison and exlaining lle uiose ol lle in-
leiview;
(L) asling queslions lollowing lle oullines ol
queslionnaiies and suiveys;
(c) recording responses on paper or entering
responses directly into a computer database
lliougl comulei-assisled inleiviewing sys-
lems;
(d) idenlilying and iesolving inconsislencies in
iesonses;
(e) ioviding leedLacl lo suivey sonsois con-
ceining ioLlems in oLlaining valid dala.
y Mailel ieseaicl inleiviewei
y PuLlic oinion inleiviewei
y Suivey inleiviewei
Unit0rcup4229
CIient !nformation Workers

Tlis unil giou includes clienl inloima-
lion woileis nol included elsewleie in Minoi
Giou 422: Clienl !nloimalion Woileis. !oi
instance, it includes workers who obtain and
process information from clients needed to de-
leimine eligiLilily loi seivices.
(a) inleiviewing alienls lo oLlain and iocess
inloimalion iequiied lo iovide losilal sei-
vices;
(L) inleiviewing alicanls loi uLlic assislance
to gather information pertinent to their ap-
licalion;
(c) veiilying lle accuiacy ol inloimalion io-
vided;
(d) initiating procedures to grant, modify, deny
oi leiminale assislance;
(e) ioviding inloimalion and answeiing ques-
tions concerning benefits and claims pro-
ceduies;
(f) referring patients or applicants to other or-
ganizalions il lley aie ineligiLle loi seivices.
y LligiLilily inleiviewei
y Eligibility specialist
y Hospital admissions clerk
Sub-ma|cr0rcup43
NumericaI and MateriaI Pecording CIerks
Numerical and material recording clerks obtain, compile and compute accounting, book-
keeping, statistical, nancial and other numerical data, and take charge of cash transactions
incidental to business matters. Some occupations classied here keep records of goods pro-
duced, purchased, stocked and dispatched, and of materials needed at specied production
dates, or keep records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of passenger and
freight transport. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group re-
quiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: leling will accounling
and Loolleeing iecoids and comulalions; calculaling unil ioduclion cosls; calculaling
wages and in some cases ieaiing wage aclels and aying wages; laling claige ol casl
liansaclions incidenlal lo lle Lusiness; oLlaining, comiling and comuling slalislical oi ac-
luaiial dala; eiloiming cleiical lasls ielaling lo lle lnancial liansaclions ol an insuiance
eslaLlislmenl, Lanl oi similai eslaLlislmenl; iecoiding ioduced, slocled, oideied and dis-
alcled goods; iecoiding ioduclion maleiials ieceived, ul inlo slocl oi issued; comuling
quanlilies ol lle ioduclion maleiials iequiied al seciled dales and leling will ieaialion
and clecling ol ioduclion oeialion scledules; leeing iecoids ol oeialional asecls and
coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport.
431 NumericaI CIerks
432 MateriaI Pecording and Transport CIerks
Mincr0rcup431
NumericaI CIerks
Numerical clerks obtain, compile and compute accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, nancial
and other numerical data, and take charge of cash transactions incidental to business matters.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: leling will accounling and Loolleeing iecoids and com-
ulalions; calculaling unil ioduclion cosls; calculaling wages and in some cases ieaiing
wage aclels and aying wages; laling claige ol casl liansaclions incidenlal lo lle Lusi-
ness; oLlaining, comiling and comuling slalislical oi acluaiial dala; eiloiming cleiical
tasks relating to the nancial transactions of an insurance establishment, bank or similar
establishment.
4311 Accounting and Bookkeeping CIerks
4312 5tatisticaI, Finance and !nsurance CIerks
4313 PayroII CIerks
Unit0rcup4311
Accounting and Bookkeeping CIerks

Accounling and Loolleeing cleils comule,
classify and record numerical data to keep -
nancial iecoids comlele. Tley eiloim any
combination of routine calculating, posting and
veiilying dulies lo oLlain iimaiy lnancial dala
for use in maintaining accounting records.
Tasls include
(a) checking figures, postings and documents
for correct entry, mathematical accuracy and
ioei codes;
(b) operating computers programmed with ac-
counting software to record, store and ana-
lyse inloimalion;
(c) classifying, recording and summarizing nu-
merical and nancial data to compile and
keep nancial records, using journals and
ledgeis oi comuleis;
(d) calculating, preparing and issuing bills,
invoices, accounl slalemenls and ollei li-
nancial statements according to established
ioceduies;
(e) compiling statistical, nancial, accounting
or auditing reports and tables pertaining to
sucl malleis as casl ieceils, exendiluies,
accounls ayaLle and ieceivaLle, and iolls
and losses.
Examples of the occupations included here:
y Accounls cleil
y Bookkeeping clerk
y Cost computing clerk
y Boolleeei 3313
Unit0rcup4312
5tatisticaI, Finance and !nsurance CIerks

Statistical, nance and insurance clerks obtain,
compile and compute statistical or actuarial data
or perform clerical tasks relating to the trans-
actions of insurance establishments, banks and
other nancial establishments.
Tasls include
(a) processing insurance enrolments, cancella-
tions, claims transactions, policy changes
and aymenls;
(b) obtaining and compiling statistical or actu-
arial data based on routine or special sources
ol inloimalion;
(c) calculaling lolals, aveiages, eicenlages and
other details and presenting them in the re-
quiied laLulai loim;
(d) preparing financial documents, and cal-
culating interest or brokerage charges and
slam dulies ayaLle;
(e) maintaining records of bonds, shares and
other securities bought or sold on behalf of
clients or employers.
y Acluaiial cleil
y Brokerage clerk
y Finance clerk
y Insurance clerk
y Moilgage cleil
y Securities clerk
y Statistical clerk
y Slocls and slaies Liolei 3311
y Slalislical assislanl 3314
y Tiade Liolei 3324
y Accounls cleil 4311
Unit0rcup4313
PayroII CIerks
Payioll cleils collecl, veiily and iocess ayioll
information and compute pay and benet entitle-
ments for employees within a department, com-
pany or other establishment.
Tasls include
(a) maintaining records of employee attend-
ance, leave and oveilime lo calculale ay and
benet entitlements, using manual or com-
uleiized syslems;
(L) ieaiing and veiilying slalemenls ol eainings
for employees, indicating gross and net salaries
and deduclions sucl as laxes, union dues, gai-
nislmenls and insuiance and ension lans;
(c) preparing employee payments and benefit
aymenls Ly cleque oi eleclionic lianslei;
(d) ieviewing lime sleels, woil clails, wage
computation and other information to detect
and ieconcile ayioll discieancies;
(e) veiilying allendance, louis woiled and ay
adjustments, and posting information into
designated records.
Example of the occupations included here:
y Wages clerk
y Boolleeei 3313
y Accounls cleil 4311
Mincr0rcup432
MateriaI Pecording and Transport CIerks
Maleiial iecoiding and liansoil cleils lee iecoids ol goods ioduced, uiclased, slocled
and dispatched, and of materials needed at specied production dates, or keep records of
operational aspects and coordinate the timing of passenger and freight transport.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: iecoiding goods ioduced, slocled, oideied and disalcled;
iecoiding ioduclion maleiials ieceived, ul inlo slocl oi issued; comuling quanlilies ol lle
ioduclion maleiials iequiied al secilied dales and leling will ieaialion and clecling
ol ioduclion oeialion scledules; leeing iecoids ol oeialional asecls and cooidinaling
the timing of passenger and freight transport.
4321 5tock CIerks
4322 Production CIerks
4323 Transport CIerks
Unit0rcup4321
5tock CIerks
Stock clerks maintain records of goods produced
and ioduclion maleiials ieceived, weigled,
issued, dispatched or put into stock.
Tasls include
(a) arranging and controlling receipt and dis-
alcl ol goods and leeing ielevanl iecoids;
(L) mainlaining slocl iecoids, veiilying issue ol
goods, eslimaling needs and maling iequisi-
lions ol new slocls;
(c) ieceiving, sloiing and issuing lools, saie
ails oi vaiious equimenl, and mainlaining
ielevanl iecoids;
(d) weigling goods ieceived oi ioduced, oi loi
issue oi disalcl, and mainlaining ielevanl
iecoids;
(e) comiling invenloiies ol luiniluie and ollei
ilems ieceived loi sloiage.
y Disalcl cleil (slocl)
y Freight clerk
y Stock clerk
y Storeroom clerk
y Weighing clerk
Unit0rcup4322
Production CIerks
Pioduclion cleils comule quanlilies ol ma-
leiials iequiied al seciled dales loi manulac-
turing, construction and similar production
programmes, and prepare and check production
operation schedules.
Tasls include
(a) comuling quanlilies, qualilies and lyes
ol maleiials iequiied Ly ioduclion io-
giammes;
(L) ieaiing ioduclion iequiiemenls scled-
ules, ensuiing llal maleiials aie availaLle
wlen needed, and leeing ielevanl iecoids;
(c) preparing or assisting in the preparation of
production operation schedules on the basis
of customers orders and production capacity
and eiloimance;
(d) veiilying slocls, aiianging deliveiies and in-
vesligaling delays;
(e) iecoiding and cooidinaling lle ow ol woil
and materials between departments.
y Production clerk
y Schedule clerk (materials)
Unit0rcup4323
Transport CIerks
Tiansoil cleils lee iecoids ol oeialional as-
pects and coordinate the timing of train, road
and air passenger and freight transport, and pre-
pare reports for management.
Tasls include
(a) keeping records of operational aspects and
coordinating the timing of passenger and
lieigll liansoil;
(L) diiecling liain ioulings willin a division oi
zone of a railway system and keeping related
iecoids;
(c) directing, controlling and keeping records of
lieigll landling al a iailway yaid;
(d) coordinating and keeping records of oper-
alional aclivilies conceining ioad liansoil,
sucl as allocalion and scleduling ol velicles
and diiveis, loading and unloading ol veli-
cles, and sloiage ol goods in liansil;
(e) coordinating and keeping records of oper-
alional aclivilies conceining aii liansoil
of passengers and freight, such as passenger
lisls and lieigll manilesls;
(f) preparing reports for management.
y Cleiical conliollei (liansoil seivice)
y Cleiical disalclei (liansoil seivice)
Sub-ma|cr0rcup44
Dther CIericaI 5upport Workers
Ollei cleiical suoil woileis soil and delivei mail, lle documenls, ieaie inloimalion loi
processing, maintain personnel records, check material for consistency with original source
maleiial, assisl eisons wlo cannol iead oi wiile, and eiloim vaiious ollei secialized
cleiical dulies. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies
slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: iecoiding inloimalion ie-
gaiding acquisilion, issue and ieluin ol liLiaiy Lools; classilying and lling vaiious documenls
and ollei iecoids; mainlaining eisonnel iecoids; soiling, iecoiding and deliveiing mail liom
osl omces, as well as liom oi willin an enleiiise; coding; coiiecling iools; eiloiming a iange
ol miscellaneous cleiical dulies; wiiling on Lelall ol eisons wlo aie unaLle lo iead oi wiile.
Occualions in llis suL-majoi giou aie classiled inlo lle lollowing minoi giou:
Mincr0rcup441
Dther CIericaI 5upport Workers
Ollei cleiical suoil woileis soil and delivei mail, lle documenls, ieaie inloimalion loi
processing, maintain personnel records, check material for consistency with original source
maleiial, assisl eisons wlo cannol iead oi wiile, and eiloim vaiious ollei secialized
clerical duties.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: iecoiding inloimalion iegaiding acquisilion, issue and
ieluin ol liLiaiy Lools; classilying and lling vaiious documenls and ollei iecoids; main-
laining eisonnel iecoids; soiling, iecoiding and deliveiing mail liom osl omces, as well as
liom oi willin an enleiiise; coding; coiiecling iools; eiloiming a iange ol miscellaneous
cleiical dulies; wiiling on Lelall ol eisons wlo aie unaLle lo iead oi wiile.
4411 Library CIerks
4412 MaiI Carriers and 5orting CIerks
4413 Coding, Proofreading and PeIated CIerks
4414 5cribes and PeIated Workers
4415 FiIing and Copying CIerks
4416 PersonneI CIerks
4419 CIericaI 5upport Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup4411
Library CIerks
IiLiaiy cleils issue and ieceive liLiaiy maleiials,
soil and slelve Lools, sound and vision iecoid-
ings, periodicals, journals, magazines and news-
aeis and iovide geneial liLiaiy inloimalion
to library users.
Tasls include
(a) issuing and ieceiving liLiaiy Lools and ollei
maleiials;
(b) placing books and other library materials on
slelves;
(c) eiloiming cleiical aclivilies sucl as manual
and electronic ling, word processing and
occasional lying;
(d) mainlaining jouinal suLsciilions;
(e) assisting library users in accessing basic li-
Liaiy maleiials and maling inleiliLiaiy loans;
(f) maintaining library records relating to the
acquisilion, issue and ieluin ol Lools and
other materials.
y Library clerk
y Library ler
Unit0rcup4412
MaiI Carriers and 5orting CIerks

Mail caiiieis and soiling cleils eiloim soiling,
iecoiding, deliveiy and ollei dulies in connec-
lion will mail seivices liom osl omces oi ie-
lated organizations, as well as from or within an
establishment.
Tasls include
(a) performing mail-handling duties in public
osl omces oi iivalely owned deliveiy es-
laLlislmenls;
(L) soiling and deliveiing mail lo iivale louses
and Lusinesses;
(c) ioviding deliveiy conliimalion iecoids
wlen iequesled Ly lle clienl;
(d) sorting and keeping simple records of in-
coming and outgoing correspondence and
disalcling oulgoing mail in vaiious eslaL-
lishments.
y Mail cleil
y Post carrier
y Poslman/woman
Unit0rcup4413
Coding, Proofreading and PeIated CIerks

Coding, proofreading and related clerks con-
veil inloimalion inlo codes, veiily and coiiecl
proofs, and perform a number of miscellaneous
clerical duties.
Tasls include
(a) conveiling inloimalion inlo codes and clas-
sifying information by codes for data-pro-
cessing uioses;
(L) comaiing iools ol lexls and ielaled ma-
terial prepared for printing with original
maleiial, coiiecling eiiois and mailing lexls
for the printer according to the established
iules;
(c) sorting forms and marking them with identi-
lcalion numLeis;
(d) sorting documents for ling or to collate sets
ol ages;
(e) addiessing ciiculais and enveloes Ly land.
y Coding clerk
y Proofreading clerk
Unit0rcup4414
5cribes and PeIated Workers

Scribes and related workers write letters and
complete forms on behalf of persons who are
unable to read or write.
Tasls include
(a) reading letters and other written matter to
persons who are unable to read or write and
ioviding necessaiy inleiielalion and inloi-
malion;
(b) writing letters and completing forms on
Lelall ol olleis;
(c) olleiing advice lo individuals and inlei-
preting and helping with the completion of
goveinmenl and ollei omcial loims.
y Scribe
Unit0rcup4415
FiIing and Copying CIerks

Filing and copying clerks le correspondence,
caids, invoices, ieceils and ollei iecoids in al-
phabetical or numerical order or according to
lle lling syslem used. Tley locale and iemove
maleiial liom lle wlen iequesled and lolo-
coy, scan oi lax documenls.
Tasls include
(a) sorting or classifying materials according
to guidelines such as content, purpose, user
criteria, or chronological, alphabetical or nu-
meiical oidei;
(b) filing material in drawers, cabinets and
sloiage Loxes;
(c) localing and iemoving maleiials liom lles
wlen iequesled;
(d) keeping records of materials filed and re-
moved;
(e) lolocoying, scanning oi laxing documenls.
y Copying clerk
y Filing clerk
Unit0rcup4416
PersonneI CIerks
Personnel clerks maintain and update personnel
records such as information on transfers and
iomolions, eiloimance evalualions, emloyee
leave lalen and accumulaled, salaiies, qualilca-
tions and training.
Tasls include
(a) updating information on employment his-
loiy, salaiies, eiloimance evalualions,
qualilcalions and liaining, and leave lalen
and accumulaled;
(b) initiating records for newly appointed
workers and checking records for complete-
ness;
(c) processing applications for employment and
iomolions and advising alicanls ol ie-
sulls;
(d) ieceiving and answeiing inquiiies aLoul em-
loymenl enlillemenls and condilions;
(e) sending out job applications and announce-
menls ol joL oenings and joL examinalions;
(f) maintaining and updating manual and com-
puterized ling and registration systems, and
compiling and preparing reports and docu-
menls ielaling lo eisonnel aclivilies;
(g) sloiing and ieliieving eisonnel iecoids and
lles on iequesl.
y Human resource assistant
y Human resource clerk
Unit0rcup4419
CIericaI 5upport Workers Not EIsewhere

CIassied
Tlis unil giou coveis cleiical suoil woileis
nol classiled elsewleie in Majoi Giou 4: Clei-
ical Support Workers. For instance, the group in-
cludes correspondence clerks, press clippers and
publication clerks.
(a) ieceiving cuslomeis` oideis loi classilied
adveilising, wiiling and ediling coy, calcu-
laling adveilising iales and Lilling cuslomeis;
(L) wiiling Lusiness and goveinmenl coiiesond-
ence sucl as ielies lo iequesls loi inloima-
tion and assistance, damage claims, credit
and Lilling inquiiies and seivice comlainls;
(c) assisting in the preparation of periodicals,
adveilisemenls, calalogues, diiecloiies and
ollei maleiial loi uLlicalion;
(d) reading newspapers, magazines, press re-
leases and other publications to locate and
lle ailicles ol inleiesl lo sla and clienls.
y Adveilising cleil
y Correspondence clerk
y Diiecloiy comilei
y Press clipper
y Publication clerk
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 5 Seivices and Sales Woileis 235
Ma|cr0rcup5
5EPV!CE5AND5ALE5WDPKEP5
Seivices and sales woileis iovide eisonal and ioleclive seivices ielaled lo liavel, louse-
leeing, caleiing, eisonal caie, ioleclion againsl lie and unlawlul acls; oi demonsliale
and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and
on mailels. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis majoi giou iequiies slills
al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly seivices and sales woileis usually include: oiganizing and ioviding
seivices duiing liavel; louseleeing; ieaiing and seiving ol lood and Leveiages; caiing
loi clildien; ioviding eisonal and Lasic lealll caie al lomes oi in inslilulions, as well
as laiidiessing, Leauly liealmenl and comanionsli; lelling loilunes; emLalming and ai-
ianging luneials; ioviding secuiily seivices and iolecling individuals and ioeily againsl
lie and unlawlul acls; enloicing ol law and oidei; osing as models loi adveilising, ailislic
ciealion and dislay ol goods; selling goods in wlolesale oi ielail eslaLlislmenls, as well as al
slalls and on mailels; and demonslialing goods lo olenlial cuslomeis. Sueivision ol ollei
workers may be included.
51 PersonaI 5ervices Workers
52 5aIes Workers
53 PersonaI Care Workers
54 Protective 5ervices Workers
Sub-ma|cr0rcup51
PersonaI 5ervices Workers
Peisonal seivices woileis iovide eisonal seivices ielaled lo liavel, louseleeing, caleiing
and hospitality, hairdressing and beauty treatment, animal care grooming and training, com-
anionsli and ollei seivices ol a eisonal naluie. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occua-
lions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: oiganizing and ioviding
seivices in conneclion will liavel and sigllseeing; louseleeing; ieaiing and seiving lood and
Leveiages; laiidiessing and Leauly liealmenl; lelling loilunes; emLalming and aiianging lu-
neials; giooming, caiing loi and liaining animals; leacling eole lo diive moloi velicles; io-
viding comanionsli and ollei eisonal seivices. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
511 TraveIAttendants,ConductorsandSuides
512 Cooks
513 WaitersandBartenders
514 Hairdressers, Beauticians and PeIated Workers
515 BuiIding and Housekeeping 5upervisors
516 Dther PersonaI 5ervices Workers
Mincr0rcup511
TraveIAttendants,ConductorsandSuides
Tiavel allendanls, conduclois and guides iovide vaiious eisonal seivices in conneclion will
liavelling Ly aiiciall, liain, sli, Lus oi ollei velicle, and escoiling individuals and gious
on liavel louis, sigllseeing visils and excuisions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ensuiing lle comloil and salely ol assengeis; seiving lood
and ielieslmenls; ioviding inloimalion and answeiing queslions in conneclion will liavel;
collecling oi issuing liclels on Loaid uLlic liansoil; accomanying individuals oi gious
on sigllseeing louis oi excuisions and desciiLing oinls ol inleiesl.
5111 TraveI Attendants and TraveI 5tewards
5112 Transport Conductors
5113 TraveISuides
Unit0rcup5111
TraveI Attendants and TraveI 5tewards

Tiavel allendanls and liavel slewaids ensuie lle
comloil and salely ol assengeis, seive meals
and Leveiages and iendei eisonal seivices, usu-
ally on aiiciall and on Loaid slis. Tley may
plan and coordinate housekeeping and social
aclivilies on slis.
Tasls include
(a) greeting passengers entering aircraft or ships,
checking tickets or boarding passes, and di-
iecling assengeis lo lleii seals oi Leills;
(L) announcing, exlaining and demonslialing
safety and emergency procedures such as the
use ol oxygen masls, seal Lells and lile jaclels;
(c) assemLling and seiving ie-ieaied meals
and Leveiages;
(d) selling duly-liee and ollei goods;
(e) taking care of general needs and comfort of
assengeis, answeiing inquiiies, and leeing
caLins clean and lidy;
(f) directing and assisting passengers and
lollowing iesciiLed ioceduies in lle evenl
ol an emeigency, sucl as evacualing an aii-
ciall lollowing an emeigency landing;
(g) veiilying llal lisl aid lils and ollei emei-
gency equimenl aie in woiling oidei;
(h) administering rst aid to passengers in dis-
liess;
(i) attending pre-flight briefings concerning
weather, altitudes, routes, emergency
procedures, crew coordination, lengths of
iglls, lood and Leveiage seivices oeied,
and numLeis ol assengeis;
(j) preparing passengers and aircraft for take-
o and landing;
(k) determining special assistance needs of pas-
sengers such as small children, the elderly or
disabled persons.
y Cabin attendant
y Flight attendant
y Ships steward
Unit0rcup5112
Transport Conductors
Tiansoil conduclois clecl and issue liclels and
ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on
trains, trams, buses and other public transport
velicles.
Tasls include
(a) collecting and issuing tickets, passes or fares,
and clecling lle validily ol liclels issued
ieviously;
(b) attending to sleeping-cars and their occu-
anls on assengei liains;
(c) ioviding assislance will Loaiding, sealing
and luggage as iequiied, esecially lo eldeily,
sicl oi injuied eole;
(d) oening and closing doois loi assengeis;
(e) eiloiming equimenl salely clecls iioi lo
deailuie;
(l) signalling lo diiveis lo slo oi ioceed;
(g) greeting passengers boarding transportation
equimenl, and announcing ioules and slos;
(l) ensuiing llal salely iegulalions aie iesecled;
(i) iesonding lo assengeis` iequesls and com-
lainls and ioviding inloimalion aLoul
slos and conneclions;
(j) taking appropriate action in case of emergen-
cies or accidents.
y Bus conductor
y Cable car conductor
y Ticlel insecloi (uLlic liansoil)
y Tiain conducloi
y Tiam conducloi
Unit0rcup5113
TraveISuides
Tiavel guides accomany individuals oi gious
on liis, sigllseeing louis and excuisions and
on tours of places of interest such as historical
sites, industrial establishments and theme parks.
Tley desciiLe oinls ol inleiesl and iovide
background information on interesting features.
Tasls include
(a) escorting and guiding tourists on cruises and
sigllseeing louis;
(L) escoiling visilois lliougl laces ol inleiesl
sucl as museums, exliLilions, lleme ails,
lacloiies and ollei indusliial eslaLlislmenls;
(c) desciiLing and ioviding inloimalion on
oinls ol inleiesl and exliLils and iesonding
lo queslions;
(d) conducling educalional aclivilies loi sclool-
clildien;
(e) moniloiing visilois` aclivilies lo ensuie com-
pliance with establishment or tour regula-
lions and salely iaclices;
(l) gieeling and iegisleiing visilois and loui
ailicianls, and issuing any iequiied iden-
lilcalion Ladges oi salely devices;
(g) disliiLuling Liocluies, slowing audiovisual
iesenlalions, and exlaining ioceduies
and oeialions al loui siles;
(l) ioviding loi lysical salely ol gious, and
eiloiming aclivilies sucl as ioviding lisl
aid and diiecling emeigency evacualions;
(i) iesolving any ioLlems will loui ilineiaiies,
seivice oi accommodalion.
y Ail galleiy guide
y Toui escoil
y Touiisl guide
Mincr0rcup512
Cooks
Cools lan, oiganize, ieaie and cool meals, accoiding lo iecies oi undei lle sueivision
of chefs, in hotels, restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains
and in iivale louselolds.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lanning meals; ieaiing and cooling loodslus; lan-
ning, sueivising and cooidinaling lle woil ol lilclen leleis; clecling lle qualily ol lood;
weigling, measuiing and mixing ingiedienls accoiding lo iecies and eisonal judgemenl;
iegulaling lle lemeialuie ol ovens, giills, ioasleis and ollei cooling equimenl; insecling
and cleaning lle lilclen, lilclen equimenl, seiving aieas, elc. lo ensuie sale and sanilaiy
lood landling iaclices; and oeialing laige-volume cooling equimenl sucl as giills, dee-
fat fryers or griddles.
5120 Cooks
Unit0rcup5120
Cooks
Cooks plan, organize, prepare and cook meals,
accoiding lo iecies oi undei lle sueivision
of chefs, in hotels, restaurants and other eating
places, on board ships, on passenger trains and
in iivale louselolds.
Tasls include
(a) planning meals and preparing and cooking
loodslus;
(L) lanning, sueivising and cooidinaling lle
woil ol lilclen leleis;
(c) clecling lle qualily ol lood;
(d) weigling, measuiing and mixing ingiedienls
according to recipes and personal judge-
menl;
(e) iegulaling lle lemeialuie ol ovens, giills,
ioasleis and ollei cooling equimenl;
(f) inspecting and cleaning the kitchen, kitchen
equimenl and seiving aieas lo ensuie sale
and sanilaiy lood landling iaclices;
(g) oeialing laige-volume cooling equimenl
such as grills, deep-fat fryers or griddles.
y Cook
y Cale managei 1412
y Reslauianl managei 1412
y Clel 3434
Note
Mincr0rcup513
WaitersandBartenders
Waileis and Lailendeis seive lood and Leveiages in commeicial dining and diinling laces,
clubs, institutions and canteens, on board ships and on passenger trains.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assisling in leeing lle Lai ioeily slocled; wasling used
glasswaie and cleaning lle Lai aiea; seiving alcololic and non-alcololic diinls al a Lai;
selling laLles will clean linen, culleiy, ciocleiy and glasswaie; seiving lood and Leveiages;
advising on lle cloice ol wines and seiving llem; laling oideis loi lood and/oi diinls and
assing lle oideis lo lle lilclen; iesenling Lills and acceling aymenl.
5131 Waiters
5132 Bartenders
Unit0rcup5131
Waiters
Waileis seive lood and Leveiages al laLles in
dining and drinking places, clubs, institutions and
canteens, on board ships and on passenger trains.
Tasls include
(a) setting tables with clean linen, cutlery,
ciocleiy and glasswaie;
(b) greeting customers and presenting them with
menus and Leveiage lisls;
(c) advising on lood and Leveiage cloices;
(d) taking orders for food and drinks and passing
oideis lo lilclen oi Lai sla;
(e) seiving lood and Leveiages lo clienls al
laLles;
(f) clearing tables and returning dishes and cut-
leiy lo lle lilclen;
(g) presenting bills, accepting payment and op-
erating point-of-sales machines and cash reg-
isters.
y Sommelier
y Waiter
y Cale managei 1412
y Bailendei 5132
Note
Unit0rcup5132
Bartenders
Bailendeis ieaie, mix and seive alcololic and
non-alcololic diinls diieclly lo cuslomeis ovei
a bar or counter, or through waiters.
Tasls include
(a) laling Leveiage oideis liom seiving sla oi
diieclly liom alions;
(L) ieaiing and seiving alcololic and non-
alcololic diinls al a Lai;
(c) washing used glassware, and cleaning and
mainlaining Lai seivice aieas, lea- and coee-
maling aieas and equimenl sucl as esiesso
maclines;
(d) collecting payment for sales, operating cash
iegisleis and Lalancing casl ieceils;
(e) laing legs and allacling suly lines;
(f) assisting in keeping the bar properly stocked
and aiianging Lollles and glasses;
(g) clecling idenlilcalion ol cuslomeis lo veiily
age iequiiemenls loi uiclase ol alcolol;
(h) taking steps to limit problems related to
excessive diinling, sucl as eisuading cus-
tomers to stop drinking, declining further
seivice oi oideiing liansoilalion;
(i) mixing ingiedienls lo ieaie cocllails and
ollei diinls;
(j) seiving snacls oi ollei lood ilems lo cus-
tomers at the bar.
y Bartender
y Cale managei 1412
y Wailei 5131
Note
Mincr0rcup514
Hairdressers, Beauticians and PeIated Workers
Haiidiesseis, Leaulicians and ielaled woileis cul and diess laii, slave and liim Leaids, give
Leauly liealmenls, aly cosmelics and male-u and give ollei linds ol liealmenl lo indi-
viduals in oidei lo imiove lleii aeaiance.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: discussing cuslomeis` iequiiemenls; culling and diessing
laii; slaving and liimming Leaids; giving Leauly liealmenls; alying cosmelics and male-
u; slaing and olisling lngei- and loenails and liealing minoi ailmenls ol lle luman lool;
attending clients taking baths and administering elementary massage.
5141 Hairdressers
5142 Beauticians and PeIated Workers
Unit0rcup5141
Hairdressers
Hairdressers cut, style, colour, straighten and
eimanenlly wave laii, slave oi liim lacial laii
and treat scalp conditions.
Tasls include
(a) culling, wasling, linling and waving laii;
(L) slaving oi liimming Leaids and mouslacles;
(c) giving scal liealmenls;
(d) llling wigs accoiding lo cuslomeis` iequiie-
menls;
(e) ioviding advice on laii caie, Leauly iod-
ucls and laiislyles;
(f) styling hair into dreadlocks and braids and
adding laii exlensions;
(g) arranging appointments and collecting pay-
menls;
(h) cleaning work areas and sanitizing instru-
ments.
y Barber
y Hair care specialist
y Hairdresser
y Hairstylist
Unit0rcup5142
Beauticians and PeIated Workers

Beaulicians and ielaled woileis give lacial and
body beauty treatments, apply cosmetics and
male-u and give ollei linds ol liealmenl lo
individuals in oidei lo imiove lleii aeaiance.
Tasls include
(a) cleaning and applying creams, lotions and
related products to face and other parts of
lle Lody;
(L) giving lacial and Lody massage;
(c) applying make-up to clients of a beauty par-
loui oi lo aclois and ollei eiloimeis;
(d) cleaning, shaping and polishing nger- and
toenails and treating ailments of the human
foot such as corns, calluses or deformed toe-
nails;
(e) attending to clients taking baths and admin-
isleiing elemenlaiy massage;
(l) using waxing, sugaiing and deilalion lecl-
niques lo iemove unwanled Lodily laii;
(g) advising clienls on diel and exeicise lo assisl
in weigll loss and slimming;
(h) arranging appointments and collecting pay-
ments.
y Bath attendant
y Beautician
y Male-u ailisl
y Manicuiisl
y Pedicurist
y Slimming consultant
Mincr0rcup515
BuiIding and Housekeeping 5upervisors
Building and louseleeing sueivisois cooidinale, scledule and sueivise lle woil ol
cleaneis and ollei louseleeing sla in commeicial, indusliial and iesidenlial iemises. Tley
take responsibility for housekeeping and caretaking functions in hotels, ofces, apartments,
louses and iivale dwellings.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assigning lasls and insecling Luilding aieas lo see llal
cleaning, louseleeing and mainlenance woil las Leen done ioeily; issuing ol sulies and
equimenl and invenloiy slocls lo ensuie llal lle sulies on land aie adequale; scieening and
liiing joL alicanls; liaining Loll new and exeiienced emloyees; iecommending iomo-
lions, liansleis oi dismissals; eiloiming some cleaning, louseleeing and mainlenance lasls.
5151 CIeaning and Housekeeping 5upervisors in Dfces, HoteIs and Dther EstabIishments
5152 Domestic Housekeepers
5153 BuiIding Caretakers
Unit0rcup5151
CIeaning and Housekeeping 5upervisors in

Dfces, HoteIs and Dther EstabIishments
Cleaning and louseleeing sueivisois in ol-
ces, hotels and other establishments organize,
sueivise and caiiy oul louseleeing lunclions
in oidei lo lee clean and lidy lle inleiiois, lx-
tures and facilities in these establishments.
Tasls include
(a) engaging, training, discharging, organizing
and sueivising leleis, cleaneis and ollei
louseleeing sla;
(b) purchasing or controlling the purchase of
sulies;
(c) conliolling sloiage and issue ol sulies;
(d) sueivising geneial wellaie and conducl ol
individuals in inslilulions;
(e) sweeing, vacuum-cleaning, wasling and
olisling oois, luiniluie and ollei lxluies;
(f) making beds, cleaning bathrooms and sup-
lying lowels, soa and ielaled ilems;
(g) cleaning kitchens and generally helping with
lilclen woil, including dislwasling;
(h) restocking mini-bars and replenishing items
sucl as diinling glasses and wiiling equi-
ment.
y Housekeeper (hotel)
y Malion (louseleeing)
y Holel managei 1411
y Bed and Lieallasl oeialoi 5152
y Domeslic louseleeei 5152
y Building caielalei 5153
y Domeslic cleanei 9111
Unit0rcup5152
Domestic Housekeepers
Domeslic louseleeeis oiganize, sueivise and
caiiy oul louseleeing lunclions in iivale louse-
holds and small accommodation establishments
will oi willoul lle suoil ol suLoidinale sla.
Tasls include
(a) sueivising woileis emloyed in louselolds
as domeslic sla;
(b) purchasing or controlling the purchase of
sulies;
(c) conliolling sloiage and issue ol sulies;
(d) assisting in cases of minor injury or illness by
performing tasks such as taking temperature,
giving medicine and ulling on Landages;
(e) sweeing, vacuum-cleaning, wasling and
olisling oois, luiniluie and ollei lxluies.
(f) making beds, cleaning bathrooms and sup-
(g) taking care of household pets and plants, re-
ceiving visilois, answeiing lelelones, deliv-
eiing messages and sloing loi gioceiies;
(h) preparing and cooking meals, setting and
cleaiing laLles and seiving lood and Levei-
ages;
(i) cleaning kitchens and generally helping with
kitchen work, including dishwashing.
y Bed and breakfast operator
y Butler
y Domeslic louseleeei
y Holel managei 1411
y Domeslic lelei 9111
Note
Operators of small accommodation establishments, such
as some bed and breakfast establishments and small
guesl louses llal iovide accommodalion and limiled
meal seivices lo clienls eeclively as aying guesls in
iivale louselolds, and loi wlom lle managemenl and
sueivision ol sla is nol a signilcanl comonenl ol
lle woil, aie classiled in \nil Giou 5152: Domeslic
Housekeepers.
Unit0rcup5153
BuiIding Caretakers
Building caretakers take care of apartment
houses, hotels, ofces, churches and other build-
ings and maintain them and associated grounds
in a clean and oideily condilion. Tley may
sueivise ollei woileis and conliaclois de-
pending on the size and nature of the building
concerned.
Tasls include
(a) sueivising lle woil ol cleaning, louse-
leeing and Luilding mainlenance sla and
conliaclois;
(b) participating in cleaning, simple repairs and
mainlenance ol Luilding inleiiois;
(c) lending luinaces and Loileis lo ensuie iovi-
sion ol leal and lol walei;
(d) iegulaling conducl ol lenanls and visilois in
such matters as noise abatement or misuse of
ioeily;
(e) ioviding small seivices lo aLsenl lenanls
sucl as acceling deliveiies on lleii Lelall oi
ioviding iequesled inloimalion lo calleis;
(f) notifying management and owners of build-
ings ol lle need loi majoi ieaiis;
(g) patrolling buildings to ensure security is
mainlained;
(l) llling oul iegislialion loims and ioviding
tenants with copies of rules.
y Caretaker
y Concierge (building)
y Janitor
y Sexlon
Mincr0rcup516
Dther PersonaI 5ervices Workers
Ollei eisonal seivices woileis iecounl asl and iedicl luluie evenls in eisons` lives, io-
vide comanionsli and ollei eisonal seivices, gioom, liain and caie loi animals, iovide
emLalming and luneial seivices and liain eole lo diive velicles.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: casling loioscoes; ioviding comanionsli oi valel sei-
vices and ollei eisonal seivices lo clienls; ioviding emLalming and luneial seivices; leeding,
landling, liaining and giooming animals; insliucling sludenls undei aclual diiving condilions.
5161 AstroIogers, Fortune-teIIers and PeIated Workers
5162 Companions and VaIets
5163 Undertakers and EmbaImers
5164 Pet Sroomers and AnimaI Care Workers
5165 Driving!nstructors
5169 PersonaI 5ervices Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup5161
AstroIogers, Fortune-teIIers and PeIated Workers

Asliologeis, loilune-lelleis and ielaled woileis
iecounl asl and iedicl luluie evenls in ei-
sons` lives Ly iaclising asliology, on lle Lasis
of characteristics of the clients palms, samples
ol laying caids diawn oi ollei leclniques.
Tasls include
(a) casling loioscoes ol individuals al Liill
or later to recount past and forecast future
evenls and condilions ol lleii lives;
(b) interpreting characteristics of clients palms,
samples of playing cards, position of tea
leaves oi coee iemnanls in a cu, slaes
and alleins ol Lones ol dead animals, elc.;
(c) loiecasling luluie evenls on lle Lasis ol llese
inleiielalions;
(d) deleimining ausicious limes loi vaiious
luman aclivilies sucl as inauguialions, mai-
riages, journeys and religious and other cer-
emonies;
(e) giving wainings and advice on ossiLle
couises ol aclion;
(l) advising individuals on iecaulions lo Le
lalen lo avoid evil inuences.
y Asliologei
y Fortune-teller
y Numerologist
y Palmist
y Wilcl docloi 3230
y !aill lealei 3413
Unit0rcup5162
Companions and VaIets

Comanions and valels iovide comanionsli
and allend lo vaiious needs ol lle clienl oi em-
ployer.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding comanionsli lo lle emloyei
Ly accomanying lim/lei lo vaiious laces,
ieading, conveising and ailicialing in ac-
livilies sucl as soils;
(L) assisling in enleilaining visilois in lle em-
loyei`s lome;
(c) leeing waidioLe and eisonal eecls ol lle
employer in good order.
y Companion
y Personal maid
y Valet
y Bullei 5152
y Dancing ailnei 5169
y Social escoil 5169
Unit0rcup5163
Undertakers and EmbaImers

Undertakers and embalmers arrange funerals
and eiloim vaiious lasls in lle disosal ol
human remains.
Tasls include
(a) making arrangements for and conducting fu-
neials, ciemalions and Luiials;
(b) embalming human remains to retard or
aiiesl lle iocess ol decay;
(c) conforming to health and sanitation and en-
suiing llal legal iequiiemenls conceining
emLalming aie mel;
(d) incising and closing incisions on vaiious ails
of the body and reshaping or reconstructing
disgured or maimed human remains when
necessaiy;
(e) dressing human bodies and placing them in
caslels;
(l) conducling inleiviews lo aiiange loi ie-
aration of obituary notices, to assist with the
selection of caskets or urns, and to determine
the location and time of burials or cremations.
y Embalmer
y Undertaker
Unit0rcup5164
Pet Sroomers and AnimaI Care Workers

Pet groomers and animal care workers feed, handle,
liain and gioom animals and assisl veleiinaiians,
animal health technologists and technicians in
veleiinaiy lacililies, animal slelleis, Lieeding
and boarding kennels, zoos, laboratories, retail
pet shops, riding schools, dog training schools
and pet grooming and similar establishments.
Tasls include
(a) Lalling and leeding animals;
(b) leading or carrying animals to treatment
iooms and lolding llem duiing liealmenl;
(c) cleaning and sleiilizing veleiinaiy suigical
insliumenls;
(d) labelling drugs, chemicals and other phar-
maceutical preparations and replenishing
slocl;
(e) sleiilizing Lollles, Lealeis and ollei equi-
menl;
(f) cleaning, organizing and disinfecting animal
quaileis sucl as ens, slaLles, cages and
yaids, and animal equimenl sucl as saddles
and Liidles;
(g) collecting and recording animal informa-
tion such as weight, size, physical condition,
liealmenls ieceived, medicalions given and
lood inlale;
(l) liaining animals lo develo and mainlain de-
siied Lelaviouis loi comelilion, enleilain-
ment, obedience, security, riding and other
aclivilies;
(i) grooming animals by performing tasks such
as washing, brushing, clipping and trimming
coats, cutting nails and cleaning ears.
y Animal allendanl
y Dog liainei
y Horse breaker
y Veterinary aide
y Zoo keeper
Unit0rcup5165
Driving!nstructors
Diiving insliuclois leacl eole low lo diive
moloi velicles.
Tasls include
(a) insliucling sludenls undei aclual diiving
condilions, and exlaining and demon-
strating the operation of brakes, clutch, gear
selection, automatic transmission, signals
and liglls;
(L) leacling ioad liamc iegulalions;
(c) leacling ioad ciall and ioad salely;
(d) advising sludenls wlen lley aie ieady lo un-
deigo diiving examinalion;
(e) advising on and leacling advanced diiving
leclniques iequiied loi emeigency silu-
alions;
(l) illuslialing and exlaining landling and
meclanical oeialion ol moloi velicles and
diiving leclniques, using LlaclLoaid dia-
giams and audiovisual aids.
y Diiving insliucloi
y !lying insliucloi 3153
Unit0rcup5169
PersonaI 5ervices Workers

Tlis unil giou coveis eisonal seivice woileis
nol classiled elsewleie in SuL-majoi Giou 51:
Peisonal Seivices Woileis. !oi inslance, llose
wlo iovide seivices and comanionsli as
dancing partners, social escorts and night-club
hostesses or hosts are classied here.
(a) accompanying clients to restaurants and
ollei oulings;
(L) acling as a dancing ailnei;
(c) welcoming clients to a night-club and en-
suring that they are entertained well.
y Club host
y Club hostess
y Dancing ailnei
y Social escort
y Comanion 5162
Note
Counliies llal lave a iequiiemenl lo comile slalislics
on llose wlo iovide sexual seivices lo clienls on a com-
meicial Lasis slould include llem in \nil Giou 5169:
Peisonal Seivices Woileis ol Llsewleie Classiled. !l
lleie is a need, in nalional adalalions ol !SCO-08, lo
identify this group separately from other occupations in-
cluded in \nil Giou 5169, use ol \nil Giou code 5168
is recommended for this purpose.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup52
5aIes Workers
Sales workers sell and demonstrate goods in wholesale or retail shops, at stalls and markets,
dooi-lo-dooi, via lelelone oi cuslomei conlacl cenlies. Tley may iecoid and accel ay-
menl loi goods and seivices uiclased, and may oeiale small ielail oullels. Comelenl
eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO
slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: selling goods in wlole-
sale oi ielail eslaLlislmenls, al slieel oi mailel slalls, dooi-lo-dooi, via lelelone oi cus-
lomei conlacl cenlies; demonslialing and dislaying goods lo olenlial cuslomeis; selling and
seiving lood loi immediale consumlion al counleis and in lle slieel; Luying oi conliacling
a iegulai suly ol ioducls lo Le sold; slacling and dislaying goods loi sale and wiaing
oi acling goods sold; deleimining ioducl mix, slocl and iice levels loi goods lo Le sold;
oeialing casl iegisleis, olical iice scanneis, comuleis oi ollei equimenl lo iecoid and
accel aymenl loi lle uiclase ol goods and seivices. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le
iequiied in some occualions classiled leie.
521 5treet and Market 5aIespersons
522 5hop 5aIespersons
523 Cashiers and Ticket CIerks
524 Dther 5aIes Workers
Note
Slo manageis and sales manageis aie classiled in Majoi Giou 1: Manageis. Teclnical, medical and
inloimalion and communicalions leclnology sales iolessionals aie classiled in Majoi Giou 2: Pioles-
sionals. Commeicial sales and insuiance ieiesenlalives, and lnance and liade Lioleis, aie classiled in
Majoi Giou 3: Teclnicians and Associale Piolessionals. Slieel vendois (excluding lood) aie classiled
in Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Occualions.
Mincr0rcup521
5treet and Market 5aIespersons
Street and market salespersons sell goods from stalls on markets or in streets and prepare and
sell lol oi cold lood and Leveiages ieady loi immediale consumlion in slieels and uLlic
places.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oLlaining eimission lo sel u a sland al a ailiculai lace
in slieels, mailels oi ollei oen saces oi lo sell lood and diinls on lle slieel; Luying oi
conliacling a iegulai suly ol ioducls lo Le sold; eiecling and dismanlling slalls and slands;
liansoiling, sloiing, loading and unloading ioducls loi sale; slacling, dislaying and selling
goods, lood and diinls and acceling aymenl; wiaing and acling goods sold; ieaiing
lood and diinls loi sale; usling, edalling oi caiiying landcails, liucls, liays oi Laslels
to bring food and drinks to the desired place in the street, or to public places such as stations
oi cinemas; leeing accounls and mainlaining a iecoid ol slocl levels.
5211 5taII and Market 5aIespersons
5212 5treet Food 5aIespersons
Note
Vendors in streets and public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items
sucl as conleclioneiy) liom uslcails, liucls, liays oi Laslels aie classiled in Minoi Giou 952: Slieel
Vendois (excluding !ood).
Unit0rcup5211
5taII and Market 5aIespersons

Slall and mailel saleseisons sell vaiious goods
liom slalls in oen-aii oi coveied mailels oi
from stalls in streets or other open spaces.
Tasls include
(a) obtaining permission to set up a stand at a
particular place in streets, markets or other
oen saces;
(L) deleimining ioducl mix, slocl and iice
levels loi goods lo Le sold;
(c) buying or contracting a regular supply of
goods to be sold from wholesale suppliers or
diieclly liom ioduceis;
(d) erecting and dismantling stalls and stands,
and transporting, storing, loading and un-
loading goods loi sale;
(e) demonstrating and selling goods and ac-
celing aymenl;
(f) stacking and displaying goods for sale, and
wiaing and acling goods sold;
(g) keeping accounts and maintaining a record
ol slocl levels.
y Kiosk salesperson
y Mailel slallloldei
y Mailel vendoi
y Street stall sales assistant
y Slieel lood vendoi 5212
y Sloleeei 5221
y !ood seivice counlei allendanl 5246
y Slieel vendoi (excluding lood) 9520
Notes
Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food prod-
ucts not intended for immediate consumption (such as
liuil, vegelaLles, meal and daiiy ioducls) aie classiled
in \nil Giou 5211: Slall and Mailel Saleseisons. Ven-
dois liom slieel and mailel slalls ol a vaiiely ol ie-
pared meals and food items for immediate consumption
aie classiled in \nil Giou 5246: !ood Seivice Counlei
Allendanls. Vendois in slieels and uLlic laces ol
lood and Leveiages loi immediale consumlion liom
pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classied in Unit
Giou 5212: Slieel !ood Saleseisons. Vendois in slieels
and public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged
non-perishable food items such as confectionery) from
Giou 9520: Slieel Vendois (excluding !ood). Woileis
who prepare simple food items for immediate consump-
lion, sucl as lamLuigei cools, Lul lave limiled diiecl
conlacl will clienls, aie classiled in \nil Giou 9411:
Fast Food Preparers.
If adapting these categories to national circumstances
lease nole llal lle aim ol seaialely idenlilying vendois
of food items for immediate consumption is to ensure
llal joLs llal iequiie slills in seivice, Lasic ieaialion
and lygienic landling ol lood aie visiLle. !ood seivice
counlei allendanls geneially seive a widei iange ol moie
elaborate products and meals than street food salesper-
sons and do not generally transport food using, or sell
lood liom, equimenl sucl as landcails, Licycles oi
baskets.
Unit0rcup5212
5treet Food 5aIespersons

Street food salespersons prepare and sell, or sell
ieviously ieaied, lol oi cold loods and Levei-
ages ready for immediate consumption in streets
and public places such as stations, cinemas or
theatres.
Tasls include
(a) obtaining permission or a licence, where re-
quiied, lo sell lood and diinls on lle slieel
oi in a uLlic lace;
(L) oLlaining lood and diinls loi sale;
(c) preparing, either beforehand or on the spot,
lood and diinls loi sale;
(d) loading and unloading, pushing, pedalling or
carrying handcarts, trucks, trays or baskets
to bring food and drinks to the desired place
in the street, or to public places such as sta-
lions oi cinemas;
(e) displaying and selling food and drinks and
accepting payment.
y Hawker (food)
y Slieel lood vendoi
y Cool 5120
y Slieel vendoi (excluding lood) 9520
Notes
Giou 9520: Slieel Vendois (excluding !ood). Woileis
who prepare simple food items for immediate consump-
lion, sucl as lamLuigei cools, Lul lave limiled diiecl
conlacl will clienls, aie classiled in \nil Giou 9411:
Fast Food Preparers.
and hygienic handling of food are identied. Food ser-
vice counlei allendanls geneially seive a widei iange
of more elaborate products and meals than street food
salespersons and do not generally transport food using,
oi sell lood liom, equimenl sucl as landcails, Licycles
or baskets.
Mincr0rcup522
5hop 5aIespersons
Slo saleseisons sell a iange ol goods and seivices diieclly lo lle uLlic oi on Lelall ol
ielail and wlolesale eslaLlislmenls. Tley exlain lle lunclions and qualilies ol llese goods
and seivices, and may oeiale small slos oi sueivise lle aclivilies ol slo sales assislanls
and cashiers.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: deleimining cuslomei iequiiemenls and advising on ioducl
iange, iice, deliveiy, waiianlies and ioducl use and caie; demonslialing, exlaining and
selling goods and seivices lo cuslomeis; acceling aymenl loi goods and seivices Ly a vaiiely
ol aymenl mellods, and ieaiing sales invoices; undeilaling oi assisling will lle ongoing
managemenl ol slocl sucl as ioducl invenloiies, and ailicialing in slocl lales; slacling
and dislaying goods loi sale, and wiaing and acling goods sold; deleimining ioducl mix,
slocl and iice levels loi goods lo Le sold; sueivising and cooidinaling lle aclivilies ol slo
sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers in supermarkets and department stores.
5221 5hopkeepers
5222 5hop 5upervisors
5223 5hop 5aIes Assistants
Unit0rcup5221
5hopkeepers
Shopkeepers operate small retail shops either
independently or with support from a small
number of others.
Tasls include
(a) deleimining ioducl mix, slocl and iice
levels loi goods lo Le sold;
(b) purchasing and ordering goods for sale from
mailels, wlolesaleis and ollei sulieis;
(c) budgeting and maintaining records of stock
levels and lnancial liansaclions;
(d) determining prices and displaying goods for
sale;
(e) selling goods lo cuslomeis and advising llem
on ioducl use;
(l) examining ieluined goods and deciding on
aioiiale aclion;
(g) laling invenloiy ol goods in slocl.
y Giocei
y Newsagent
y Shopkeeper
y Slo managei 1420
y Mailel slallloldei 5211
Note
Only operators of small shops for whom the management
and sueivision ol sla aie nol a signilcanl comonenl ol
Operators of shops where management tasks and super-
vision ol sla aie signilcanl and liequenl elemenls ol
lle woil aie classiled in \nil Giou 1420: Relail and
Wlolesale Tiade Manageis. Sla wlo conliol and diiecl
lle aclivilies ol slo sales assislanls, clecloul oeialois
and other workers, but who do not take responsibility
loi deleimining ioducl mix, oveiall selling ol iices,
Ludgels, slamng levels, seleclion and ieciuilmenl, aie
classiled in \nil Giou 5222: Slo Sueivisois.
Unit0rcup5222
5hop 5upervisors
Slo sueivisois sueivise and cooidinale lle
aclivilies ol slo sales assislanls, clecloul o-
erators and other workers in retail and whole-
sale shops such as supermarkets and department
stores.
Tasls include
(a) planning and preparing work schedules and
assigning sla lo secilc dulies;
(b) instructing staff on sales procedures, in-
cluding low lo landle dimcull oi comlex
cases;
(c) ensuiing llal cuslomeis ieceive ioml sei-
vice;
(d) ailicialing in and ioviding advice lo
manageis on inleiviewing, liiing, liaining,
evalualing, iomoling and dismissing sla,
and iesolving sla giievances;
(e) examining ieluined goods and deciding on
aioiiale aclion;
(l) laling invenloiy ol goods loi sale and oi-
deiing new slocl;
(g) ensuiing llal goods and seivices aie coi-
ieclly iiced and dislayed;
(h) ensuring that safety procedures are enforced.
y Clecloul sueivisoi
y Sueimailel sueivisoi
y Slo managei 1420
y Slieel slall saleseison 5211
y Sloleeei 5221
Note
Operators of small shops for whom the management and
sueivision ol sla aie nol a signilcanl comonenl ol
Slo manageis wlo, in addilion lo sueivision ol sla,
perform management tasks such as determining product
mix, oveiall selling ol iices, Ludgeling and maling de-
cisions on sla levels, seleclion and ieciuilmenl aie clas-
siled in \nil Giou 1420: Relail and Wlolesale Tiade
Manageis.
Unit0rcup5223
5hop 5aIes Assistants

Shop sales assistants sell a range of goods and
seivices diieclly lo lle uLlic oi on Lelall ol
ielail and wlolesale eslaLlislmenls, and exlain
lle lunclions and qualilies ol llese goods and
seivices.
Tasls include
(a) deleimining cuslomei iequiiemenls and ad-
vising on ioducl iange, iice, deliveiy, wai-
ianlies and ioducl use and caie;
(L) demonslialing and exlaining lo cuslomeis
lle eslaLlislmenl`s goods and seivices;
(c) selling goods and seivices, acceling ay-
menl Ly a vaiiely ol aymenl mellods, ie-
aiing sales invoices and iecoiding sales
using casl iegisleis;
(d) assisting with the ongoing management of
slocl sucl as ioducl invenloiies, and ai-
licialing in slocl lales;
(e) stacking and displaying goods for sale, and
wrapping and packing goods sold.
y Salesperson (retail establishment)
y Salesperson (wholesale establishment)
y Shop assistant
y Slo managei 1420
y Kiosl saleseison 5211
y Mailel saleseison 5211
y Sloleeei 5221
y Clecloul oeialoi 5230
Mincr0rcup523
Cashiers and Ticket CIerks
Cashiers and ticket clerks operate cash registers, optical price scanners, computers or other
equimenl lo iecoid and accel aymenl loi lle uiclase ol goods, seivices and admissions
in settings such as stores, restaurants and ticket ofces.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieceiving and veiilying aymenl Ly casl, cleque, ciedil
caid oi aulomalic deLil in sloies, liclel omces oi similai eslaLlislmenls; giving clange and
issuing ieceils; issuing liclels al liclel omces and laling coiiesonding aymenls; counling
and iecoiding money ieceived oi aid oul and Lalancing againsl casl iegislei sales iecoids;
ieceiving incoming casl, clecling il againsl sales slis and ollei documenls, and ieaiing il
loi deosil al a Lanl; oeialing casl iegisleis lo calculale lolals lo Le aid liom oi lo clienls;
scanning, weigling and iecoiding iices ol goods; wiaing and lacing meiclandise in Lags.
5230 Cashiers and Ticket CIerks
Unit0rcup5230
Cashiers and Ticket CIerks

Cashiers and ticket clerks operate cash regis-
ters, optical price scanners, computers or other
equimenl lo iecoid and accel aymenl loi lle
uiclase ol goods, seivices and admissions in sel-
tings such as stores, restaurants and ticket ofces.
Tasls include
(a) ieceiving and veiilying aymenl Ly casl,
cleque, ciedil caid oi aulomalic deLil in
sloies, liclel omces oi similai eslaLlislmenls;
(L) giving clange and issuing ieceils;
(c) issuing tickets for attendance at sporting and
culluial evenls;
(d) counling and iecoiding money ieceived oi
paid out and balancing against cash register
sales iecoids;
(e) ieceiving incoming casl, clecling il againsl
sales slips and other documents, and pre-
paring it for deposit at a nancial institution
(f) operating cash registers to calculate totals to
Le aid liom oi lo clienls;
(g) scanning, weighing and recording prices of
goods;
(h) wrapping and placing merchandise in bags.
y Checkout operator
y Seivice slalion casliei
y Seivice slalion console oeialoi
y Store cashier
y Ticlel issuing cleil (enleilainmenl and
soiling evenls)
y Ticlel issuing cleil (liavel) 4221
y Clecloul sueivisoi 5222
y Seivice slalion allendanl 5245
Mincr0rcup524
Dther 5aIes Workers
Ollei sales woileis dislay, demonsliale and sell goods, lood and seivices, usually lo lle
geneial uLlic, in conlexls ollei llan sales in mailels, slieels and slos. Tlis giou includes
sales woileis nol classiled in Minoi Gious 521: Slieel and Mailel Saleseisons, 522: Slo
Saleseisons and 523: Caslieis and Ticlel Cleils.
Tasls eiloimed may include: dislaying and demonslialing ilems loi sale; osing loi lo-
logials, llm and video, adveilising, slill lologialy oi loi ailislic ciealion; answeiing
queslions and oeiing advice on lle use ol goods and seivices; laling oideis and maling ai-
iangemenls loi aymenl, deliveiy and colleclion ol goods oi loi iovision ol seivices; selling
goods and seivices and soliciling Lusiness Ly aioacling olenlial cuslomeis Ly going liom
dooi lo dooi oi using lle lelelone oi ollei eleclionic communicalions media; selling luel,
luLiicanls and ollei aulomolive ioducls al seivice slalions; ioviding seivices sucl as luel-
ling, cleaning, luLiicaling and eiloiming minoi ieaiis lo moloi velicles.
5241FashionandDtherModeIs
5242 5aIes Demonstrators
5243 Door-to-door 5aIespersons
5244 Contact Centre 5aIespersons
52455ervice5tationAttendants
5246Food5erviceCounterAttendants
5249 5aIes Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Note
Sales manageis aie classiled in Minoi Giou 122: Sales, Maileling and Develomenl Manageis. Tecl-
nical, medical and !CT sales iolessionals aie classiled in Minoi Giou 243: Sales, Maileling and
PuLlic Relalions Piolessionals. Commeicial sales and insuiance ieiesenlalives aie classiled in Minoi
Giou 332: Sales and Puiclasing Agenls and Bioleis.
Unit0rcup5241
FashionandDtherModeIs
Fashion and other models wear and display
clothing and accessories and pose for photo-
gials, llm and video, adveilising, slill lolog-
raphy or for artistic creation.
Tasls include
(a) dressing in sample apparel of new or current
slyles oi ol lye wanled Ly cuslomei;
(b) walking, turning and posing to demonstrate,
lo Lesl advanlage, slyle and claiacleiislics
of garments, fashion accessories and other
meiclandise;
(c) posing as subject for sculpture, painting and
ollei lyes ol visual ail;
(d) posing for still photography for magazines
and ollei adveilising media;
(e) osing loi lelevision, video and cinema com-
mercials and other productions.
y Adveilising model
y Ailisl`s model
y Fashion model
y Acloi 2655
Unit0rcup5242
5aIes Demonstrators
Sales demonstrators demonstrate goods at com-
meicial iemises, exliLilions and iivale lomes.
Tasls include
(a) setting up displays and demonstrating art-
icles for sale to inform customers about their
characteristics and mode of use, as well as to
slimulale Luying inleiesl;
(L) answeiing queslions and oeiing advice on
lle use ol goods;
(c) selling goods or directing customers to sales
sla;
(d) taking orders and making arrangements for
aymenl, deliveiy and colleclion ol goods;
(e) oeiing samle goods and disliiLuling cala-
logues and adveilising maleiial.
y Demonslialoi
y Sales merchandiser
y Dooi-lo-dooi saleseison 5243
Unit0rcup5243
Door-to-door 5aIespersons
Dooi-lo-dooi saleseisons desciiLe, demon-
sliale and sell goods and seivices and solicil
business for establishments by approaching or
visiling olenlial cuslomeis, usually iesidenls in
iivale lomes, Ly going liom dooi lo dooi.
Tasls include
(a) giving delails ol vaiious goods oi seivices
and ol leims ol sale Ly visiling clienls and
olenlial clienls in iivale lomes;
(b) demonstrating or describing goods or ser-
vices on oei;
(c) recording orders and transactions and
lacing oideis ieceived will sulieis;
(d) ieaiing invoices and sales conliacls and
acceling aymenl;
(e) distributing letters, information sheets and
ollei documenls lo clienls;
(l) comiling lisls ol ioseclive clienls and
calling on llem lo oLlain new Lusiness;
(g) liavelling Lelween sales aieas and clienls and
transporting samples or goods for sale.
y Dooi-lo-dooi saleseison
y Dooi-lo-dooi sales ieiesenlalive
y Party plan salesperson
y Commeicial sales ieiesenlalive 3322
y Slieel vendoi 9520
Unit0rcup5244
Contact Centre 5aIespersons

Conlacl cenlie saleseisons conlacl exisling
and ioseclive cuslomeis, using lle lelelone
or other electronic communications media, to
iomole goods and seivices, oLlain sales and
aiiange sales visils. Tley may woil liom a cus-
tomer contact centre or from non-centralized
premises.
Tasls include
(a) iomoling goods and seivices Ly lelelone
or electronic mail, following scripts and
woiling liom lisls ol conlacls;
(L) ciealing inleiesl in goods and seivices, and
seeking a sale or an agreement to see sales
ieiesenlalives;
(c) arranging processing and dispatch of goods
and seivices, inloimalion lils and Liocluies
lo cuslomeis;
(d) arranging appointments for sales represen-
lalives;
(e) recording notes for follow-up action and up-
daling maileling dalaLases lo ieecl clanges
lo lle slalus ol eacl cuslomei;
(l) ieoiling comeliloi aclivilies and issues
iaised Ly conlacls loi allenlion Ly manageis;
(g) maintaining statistics of calls made and suc-
cesses aclieved;
(h) submitting periodic reports on telemarketing
aclivilies and iesulls.
y Call centre salesperson
y Customer contact centre salesperson
y Internet salesperson
y Telemailelei
y Telemaileling saleseison
y Conlacl cenlie inloimalion cleil 4222
Unit0rcup5245
5ervice5tationAttendants
Seivice slalion allendanls sell luel, luLiicanls
and ollei aulomolive ioducls and iovide sei-
vices sucl as luelling, cleaning, luLiicaling and
eiloiming minoi ieaiis lo moloi velicles.
Tasls include
(a) llling luel lanls and conlaineis lo level sec-
iled Ly cuslomei;
(L) clecling and ielenisling aii iessuie in ve-
licle lyies, oil and ollei velicle uid levels;
(c) wasling velicle windscieens and windows;
(d) eiloiming minoi ieaii woil lo velicles
such as replacing tyres, light bulbs and wind-
scieen wiei Llades;
(e) maintaining and operating automatic car
wasl lacililies;
(f) collecting payments from customers for pur-
clases;
(g) cleaning petrol pumps and surrounding
diiveways, slos and lacililies;
(h) undertaking stock control and preparing re-
ports on fuel, oil, accessories and other items
sold.
y Maiina allendanl
y Seivice slalion allendanl
y Seivice slalion casliei 5230
Note
Workers who accept payment or sell goods in shops at
seivice slalions Lul do nol iovide loiecouil seivices
such as assistance with fuel, lubricants, cleaning and
mainlenance aie excluded liom \nil Giou 5245: Sei-
vice Slalion Allendanls.
Unit0rcup5246
Food5erviceCounterAttendants
!ood seivice counlei allendanls seive cuslomeis
at food counters and nish preparation of simple
food items in restaurants, cafs, hotels, fast food
outlets, cafeterias, hospitals and other settings.
Tasls include
(a) seiving lood lo cuslomeis al counleis;
(b) ascertaining the products desired by cus-
tomers, assisting them in making choices and
laling oideis;
(c) cleaning, peeling, slicing and trimming food-
slus, using manual and elecliic aliances;
(d) preparing simple food items and reheating
ieaied meals;
(e) portioning and wrapping food or placing it
diieclly on lales loi seivice lo alions;
(l) aclaging laleaway lood;
(g) slocling ieliigeialois and salad and Luel
Lais and leeing iecoids ol lle quanlilies ol
lood used;
(l) ieceiving aymenl loi lood ilems uiclased.
y Cafeteria counter attendant
y Salad bar attendant
y Cool 5120
y Wailei 5131
y Bailendei 5132
y Kiosl saleseison 5211
Notes
liuil, vegelaLles, meal and daiiy ioducls) aie classiled in
\nil Giou 5211: Slall and Mailel Saleseisons. Vendois
liom slieel and mailel slalls ol a vaiiely ol ieaied meals
and food items for immediate consumption are classied
in \nil Giou 5246: !ood Seivice Counlei Allendanls.
Vendois in slieels and uLlic laces ol lood and Leveiages
for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays
oi Laslels aie classiled in \nil Giou 5212: Slieel !ood
Salespersons. Vendors in streets and public places of non-
food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items
such as confectionery) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or
Laslels aie classiled in \nil Giou 9520: Slieel Vendois
(excluding !ood). Woileis wlo ieaie simle lood ilems
for immediate consumption, such as hamburger cooks,
Lul lave limiled diiecl conlacl will clienls, aie classiled
in \nil Giou 9411: !asl !ood Pieaieis.
and lygienic landling ol lood aie idenliled. !ood seivice
counlei allendanls geneially seive a widei iange ol moie
elaborate products and meals than street food salespersons
and do not generally transport food using, or sell food
liom, equimenl sucl as landcails, Licycles oi Laslels.
Unit0rcup5249
5aIes Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou includes sales woileis nol clas-
siled elsewleie in SuL-majoi Giou 52: Sales
Workers.
y Rental salesperson
Sub-ma|cr0rcup53
PersonaI Care Workers
Peisonal caie woileis iovide caie, sueivision and assislance loi clildien, alienls and eldeily,
convalescenl oi disaLled eisons in inslilulional and iesidenlial sellings. Comelenl eiloi-
mance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: assisling will moLilily,
wasling and ollei eisonal needs; assisling clildien individually lo leain social slills; suei-
vising and ailicialing in aclivilies llal enlance clildien`s lysical, social, emolional and
inlelleclual develomenl; oLseiving and ieoiling conceins lo aioiiale lealll oi social
seivice woileis.
531 ChiId Care Workers and Teachers' Aides
532 PersonaI Care Workers in HeaIth 5ervices
Mincr0rcup531
ChiId Care Workers and Teachers' Aides
Clild caie woileis and leacleis` aides iovide caie and sueivision loi clildien in sclools,
residential homes and child care facilities.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assisling clildien individually lo leain social slills; demon-
slialing, sueivising and ailicialing in aclivilies llal enlance lle lysical, social, emolional
and inlelleclual develomenl ol clildien in sclools and ie-sclools; assisling in ieaialion
ol maleiials and equimenl loi clildien`s educalion and ieciealional aclivilies Leloie sclool,
allei sclool, duiing vacalion and in day caie cenlies.
5311 ChiId Care Workers
5312 Teachers' Aides
Unit0rcup5311
ChiId Care Workers

Clild caie woileis iovide caie and sueivision
for children in residential homes and in before-
sclool, allei-sclool, vacalion and day caie cenlies.
Tasls include
(a) assisting children to wash, dress and feed
llemselves;
(b) taking children to and from school or out-
doois loi ieciealion;
(c) playing games with children, or entertaining
llem Ly ieading oi sloiylelling;
(d) assisting in the preparation of materials and
equimenl loi clildien`s educalion and iec-
iealional aclivilies;
(e) managing clildien`s Lelavioui and guiding
lleii social develomenl;
(f) disciplining children and recommending or
inilialing ollei measuies lo conliol Lelav-
iour, such as caring for own clothing and
icling u loys and Lools;
(g) oLseiving and moniloiing clildien`s lay ac-
livilies;
(l) leeing iecoids on individual clildien, in-
cluding daily oLseivalions and inloimalion
aLoul aclivilies, meals seived and medica-
tions administered.
y Babysitter
y Child care worker
y Creche ayah
y Family day care worker
y Nanny
y Out of school hours care worker
y Laily clildlood educaloi 2342
Unit0rcup5312
Teachers' Aides
Teacleis` aides eiloim non-leacling dulies lo
assisl leacling sla, and iovide caie and suei-
vision loi clildien in sclools and ie-sclools.
Tasls include
(a) demonslialing, sueivising and ailicialing
in aclivilies llal enlance lle lysical, social,
emolional and inlelleclual develomenl ol
clildien in sclools and ie-sclools;
(b) preparing indoor and outdoor areas for
leaining and ieciealional aclivilies;
(c) assisting children with intellectual, physical,
Lelaviouial and ollei leaining dimcullies
will lleii sludies;
(d) assisling clildien individually lo leain social
slills;
(e) assisting with preparing teaching materials,
and copying and collating written and printed
maleiial;
(l) oeialing audiovisual equimenl, comuleis
and ollei leacling aids;
(g) distributing and collecting lesson material.
y Pre-school assistant
y Teaclei`s assislanl
Mincr0rcup532
PersonaI Care Workers in HeaIth 5ervices
Peisonal caie woileis in lealll seivices iovide eisonal caie and assislance will moLilily
and aclivilies ol daily living lo alienls and eldeily, convalescenl and disaLled eole in lealll
care and residential settings.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assisling alienls will moLilily, eisonal caie and com-
municalion needs; sleiilizing suigical and ollei insliumenls and equimenl; oLseiving and
ieoiling conceins lo lle aioiiale medical oi social seivice woileis; ieaiing alienls
loi examinalion and liealmenl and ailicialing in lanning lle caie ol individuals.
5321HeaIthCareAssistants
5322 Home-based PersonaI Care Workers
5329 PersonaI Care Workers in HeaIth 5ervices Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup5321
HeaIthCareAssistants
Healll caie assislanls iovide diiecl eisonal
caie and assislance will aclivilies ol daily living
lo alienls and iesidenls in a vaiiely ol lealll
care settings such as hospitals, clinics and resi-
denlial nuising caie lacililies. Tley geneially
work in implementation of established care plans
and iaclices, and undei lle diiecl sueivision
of medical, nursing or other health professionals
or associate professionals.
Tasls include
(a) ioviding caie, suoil and liealmenl lo
patients and residents of medical, rehabilita-
live and iesidenlial caie lacililies accoiding
to treatment plans established by medical,
nuising and ollei lealll iolessionals;
(b) assisting patients with personal and thera-
peutic care needs such as personal hygiene,
leeding, diessing, lysical moLilily and ex-
ercise, communication, taking oral medica-
lions and clanging diessings;
(c) positioning, lifting and turning patients and
liansoiling llem in wleelclaiis oi on mov-
aLle Leds;
(d) mainlaining alienls` enviionmenlal lygiene
standards, such as cleaning patient rooms
and clanging Led linen;
(e) ioviding massage and ollei non-laimaco-
logical pain relief measures, such as during
iegnancy and laLoui;
(l) oLseiving alienls` condilion, iesonses and
Lelavioui and ieoiling clanges lo a lealll
professional.
y Birth assistant (clinic or hospital)
y Nursing aide (clinic or hospital)
y Patient care assistant
y Psychiatric aide
y uise (iolessional) 2221
y uise (associale iolessional) 3221
y AmLulance woilei 3258
y uising aide (lome) 5322
Note
Woileis wlo iovide eisonal caie lo iesidenls ol in-
slilulions and lacililies llal lave eimanenl medical oi
nuising sueivision (sucl as losilals, ielaLililalion
centres, residential nursing care facilities and nursing
lomes), and lleieloie woil undei lle diiecl sueivision
of nurses, medical doctors or other health professionals
oi associale iolessionals, aie classiled in \nil Giou
5321: Healll Caie Assislanls. Woileis wlo iovide ei-
sonal caie lo iesidenls ol indeendenl living unils, genei-
ally willoul eimanenl medical oi nuising sueivision,
slould Le classiled in \nil Giou 5322: Home-Lased
Personal Care Workers. In general, workers classied in
Minoi Giou 532: Peisonal Caie Woileis in Healll Sei-
vices do nol eiloim lasls iequiiing exlensive medical
knowledge or training, such as administering medica-
lions and cleaning and diessing wounds: wleie lasls ol
this type are performed they are of a simple and routine
nature.
Unit0rcup5322
Home-based PersonaI Care Workers

Home-Lased eisonal caie woileis iovide iou-
line eisonal caie and assislance will aclivilies
ol daily living lo eisons wlo aie in need ol
sucl caie due lo eecls ol ageing, illness, injuiy
oi ollei lysical oi menlal condilions, in iivale
homes and other independent residential settings.
Tasls include
(a) assisting clients with personal and thera-
peutic care needs such as personal hygiene,
feeding, dressing, physical mobility and
exeicise, communicalion, laling oial med-
ications and changing dressings, usually ac-
cording to care plans established by a health
iolessional;
(b) maintaining records of client care, changes
in condition and responses to care and treat-
menl, and ieoiling conceins oi ioviding
ieleiials lo a lealll oi social seivices ioles-
sional;
(c) positioning and lifting clients with physical
mobility challenges, and helping transport
llem in wleelclaiis and moloi velicles;
(d) ioviding clienls and lamilies will emolional
suoil, inloimalion and advice on loics
sucl as nuliilion, lygiene, exeicise, caiing
loi inlanls oi adaling lo disaLilily oi illness;
(e) mainlaining clienls` enviionmenlal lygiene
standards, such as changing bed linen,
washing clothes and dishes, and cleaning
living quaileis;
(l) ioviding syclological suoil lo clienls sucl
as lliougl conveisalion oi ieading aloud;
(g) lanning, uiclasing, ieaiing oi seiving
meals lo meel nuliilional iequiiemenls and
iesciiLed diels;
(l) ioviding suoil lo aienls and caie loi
newLoins duiing lle oslailum eiiod;
(i) scheduling and accompanying clients for ap-
pointments with medical doctors and other
health professionals, or performing other er-
rands.
y Home birth assistant
y Home care aide
y Nursing aide (home)
y Peisonal caie iovidei
y uise (iolessional) 2221
y Social woilei (iolessional) 2635
y uise (associale iolessional) 3221
y Social woilei (associale iolessional)
3412
Note
Woileis wlo iovide eisonal caie lo iesidenls ol
medical and lealll caie lacililies llal lave eimanenl
medical oi nuising sueivision (sucl as in losilals and
nursing care homes), and therefore work under the direct
sueivision ol lealll iolessionals oi associale ioles-
sionals, aie classiled in \nil Giou 5321: Healll Caie
Assislanls. Woileis wlo iovide eisonal caie in inde-
pendent residential settings (including retirement com-
munities with minimal or no on-site medical or nursing
sueivision) aie classiled in \nil Giou 5322: Home-
based Personal Care Workers. Home birth assistants,
wlo iovide emolional suoil and geneial caie and
advice lo women and lamilies duiing iegnancy and
laLoui, Lul nol deliveiy caie lo ieduce lealll iisls, aie
included leie. Caie woileis wlo iovide caie and suei-
vision loi clildien in iesidenlial lomes and caie cenlies
aie classiled in \nil Giou 5311: Clild Caie Woileis.
Unit0rcup5329
PersonaI Care Workers in HeaIth 5ervices Not

EIsewhere CIassied
Tlis unil giou coveis iovideis ol iouline lealll
and eisonal caie suoil seivices nol classiled
elsewleie in Minoi Giou 532: Peisonal Caie
Woileis in Healll Seivices. !oi inslance, lle
group includes occupations such as dental aide,
sterilization aide, hospital orderly, medical im-
aging assistant and pharmacy aide.
(a) cleaning and sterilizing surgical, dental and
pharmaceutical instruments, bottles, beakers
and ollei equimenl;
(b) labelling drugs, chemicals and other phar-
maceutical preparations and replenishing
slocl on slelves;
(c) lilling, luining and moving alienls and
liansoiling llem in wleelclaiis oi on mov-
aLle Leds;
(d) ieaiing alienls loi examinalion oi lieal-
menl;
(e) setting up instrument trays, preparing ma-
terials, and assisting dentists or radiogra-
leis duiing ioceduies;
(l) exosing diagnoslic X-iays.
y Denlal aide
y First aid attendant
y Hospital orderly
y Medical imaging assislanl
y Pharmacy aide
y Phlebotomist
y Sterilization aide
y Plaimaceulical assislanl 3213
y Denlal leclnician 3214
y Denlal assislanl 3251
Sub-ma|cr0rcup54
Protective 5ervices Workers
Pioleclive seivices woileis iolecl individuals and ioeily againsl lie and ollei lazaids,
maintain law and order and enforce laws and regulations. Competent performance in most
occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ievenling, lglling and
exlinguisling lies; iescuing eole liom Luining Luildings and accidenl siles and llose liaed
in dangeious silualions; mainlaining law and oidei, enloicing laws and iegulalions, aliolling
uLlic aieas and aiiesling susecled oendeis; diiecling liamc and assuming aulloiily in lle
evenl ol accidenls; walcling ovei and mainlaining oidei among inmales ol iisons, ieloima-
loiies oi enilenliaiies; aliolling oi moniloiing iemises lo guaid ioeily againsl llell and
vandalism, conliolling access lo eslaLlislmenls and mainlaining oidei and enloicing iegula-
lions al uLlic evenls and willin eslaLlislmenls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
541 Protective 5ervices Workers
Mincr0rcup541
Protective 5ervices Workers
Pioleclive seivices woileis iolecl individuals and ioeily againsl lie and ollei lazaids,
maintain law and order and enforce laws and regulations.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ievenling, lglling and exlinguisling lies; iescuing eole
liom Luining Luildings and accidenl siles and llose liaed in dangeious silualions; main-
taining law and order, enforcing laws and regulations, patrolling public areas and arresting
susecled oendeis; diiecling liamc and assuming aulloiily in lle evenl ol accidenls; walcling
ovei and mainlaining oidei among inmales ol iisons, ieloimaloiies oi enilenliaiies; aliol-
ling oi moniloiing iemises lo guaid ioeily againsl llell and vandalism, conliolling access
lo eslaLlislmenls and mainlaining oidei and enloicing iegulalions al uLlic evenls and willin
eslaLlislmenls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
5411 Fireghters
5412 PoIice Dfcers
5413PrisonSuards
54145ecuritySuards
5419 Protective 5ervices Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup5411
Fireghters
!iielglleis ievenl, lgll and exlinguisl lies
and assist in other emergencies, protect life and
ioeily and conducl iescue eoils.
Tasls include
(a) responding to re alarms and other calls for
assistance, such as automobile and industrial
accidents, bomb threats and other emergen-
cies;
(L) conliolling and exlinguisling liies using
manual and owei equimenl and liie-
lglling clemicals;
(c) ghting special types of res and using spe-
cial equimenl in indusliial eslaLlislmenls;
(d) rescuing people from burning buildings and
accident sites and those trapped in dangerous
silualions;
(e) ievenling oi limiling lle siead ol dan-
gerous substances in case of fires or acci-
denls;
(l) inloiming lle uLlic aLoul lie ievenlion.
y Fireghter
y Forest reghter
y !iie ievenlion secialisl 3112
y !iie invesligaloi 3119
Unit0rcup5412
PoIice Dfcers
Police ofcers maintain law and order, patrolling
public areas, enforcing laws and regulations and
aiiesling susecled oendeis.
Tasls include
(a) patrolling a specic area to maintain public
order, responding to emergencies, protecting
people and property and enforcing laws and
iegulalions;
(b) identifying, pursuing and arresting suspects
and eielialois ol ciiminal acls;
(c) directing trafc and assuming authority in
lle evenl ol accidenls;
(d) ioviding emeigency assislance lo viclims ol
accidents, crimes and natural disasters.
y Constable
y Police ofcer
y Police patrol ofcer
y Police cliel conslaLle 1112
y Police commissionei 1112
y Police insecloi-geneial 1112
y Police deleclive 3355
y Police insecloi 3355
Unit0rcup5413
PrisonSuards
Piison guaids walcl ovei and mainlain oidei
among inmates of prisons, reformatories or peni-
tentiaries.
Tasls include
(a) seaicling aiiiving iisoneis, ulling lleii
valuaLles in saleleeing, escoiling iisoneis
lo cells and locling llem in;
(b) making periodic inspection tours of cells and
inspecting and maintaining the security of
locls, windows, doois and gales;
(c) sueivising iisoneis al woil and meals, and
duiing ieciealion eiiods;
(d) oLseiving lle conducl and Lelavioui ol iis-
oneis lo ievenl disluiLances and escaes;
(e) aliolling iison aieas lo ievenl escaes;
(f) assisting with the implementation of rehabil-
ilalion iogiammes;
(g) escorting prisoners in transit and during
lemoiaiy leave.
y Prison guard
Unit0rcup5414
5ecuritySuards
Security guards patrol or monitor premises to
guaid ioeily againsl llell and vandalism.
Tley conliol access lo eslaLlislmenls and main-
tain order and enforce regulations at public
evenls and willin eslaLlislmenls.
Tasls include
(a) patrolling premises and checking doors, win-
dows and gales lo ievenl and delecl signs ol
unaulloiized enliy;
(b) controlling access to establishments, moni-
toring and authorizing the entrance or de-
ailuie ol emloyees and visilois, clecling
idenlilcalion and issuing secuiily asses;
(c) ciiculaling among visilois, alions oi em-
loyees lo ieseive oidei, iolecl ioeily
liom llell oi vandalism and enloice lle
iegulalions ol lle eslaLlislmenl;
(d) iesonding lo alaims, invesligaling dislui-
bances and contacting superiors, police or
lielglleis as aioiiale;
(e) performing security checks of passengers
and luggage al aiioils;
(l) icling u and ensuiing lle sale deliveiy
ol casl and valuaLles lo Lanls, aulomaled
teller machines and retail establishments.
y Bodyguard
y Dooileeei
y Museum guaid
y Security guard
y Secuiily aliolman/woman
y Walclman/woman
y Beacl aliolman/woman 5419
y Iileguaid 5419
Unit0rcup5419
Protective 5ervices Workers Not EIsewhere

CIassied
Tlis unil giou coveis ioleclive seivices woileis
nol classiled elsewleie in Minoi Giou 541: Pio-
leclive Seivices Woileis. !oi inslance, lle unil
group includes lifeguards, crossing guards and
animal control ofcers.
Tasls include
(a) patrolling beaches and swimming pools to
ievenl accidenls and lo iescue Lalleis liom
diowning;
(b) monitoring traffic flow to locate safe gaps
lliougl wlicl edesliians can cioss slieels;
(c) responding to citizen complaints concerning
sliay domeslic animals, liveslocl and wild-
life, issuing warnings and citations to owners
and impounding lost, homeless and dan-
geious animals;
(d) patrolling an assigned area to enforce parking
iegulalions;
(e) directing trafc.
y Animal conliol omcei
y Beacl aliolman/woman
y Crossing guard
y Game waiden
y Lifeguard
y Tiamc waiden
y Dooileeei 5414
y Museum guaid 5414
y Walclman/woman 5414
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 6 Slilled Agiiculluial, !oiesliy and !isleiy Woileis 261
Ma|cr0rcup6
5K!LLEDASP!CULTUPAL,FDPE5TPYANDF!5HEPYWDPKEP5
Slilled agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiy woileis giow and laivesl leld oi liee and sliuL
cios; gallei wild liuils and lanls; Lieed, lend oi lunl animals; ioduce a vaiiely ol animal
lusLandiy ioducls; cullivale, conseive and exloil loiesls; Lieed oi calcl lsl; and cullivale
oi gallei ollei loims ol aqualic lile in oidei lo iovide lood, slellei and income loi llem-
selves and lleii louselolds. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis majoi giou
iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly slilled agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiy woileis usually include: ie-
aiing lle soil; sowing, lanling, siaying, leililizing and laivesling leld cios; giowing
liuil and ollei liee and sliuL cios; giowing gaiden vegelaLles and loiliculluial ioducls;
galleiing wild liuils and lanls; Lieeding, iaising, lending oi lunling animals mainly lo
oLlain meal, mill, laii, lui, slin oi seiiculluial, aiaiian oi ollei ioducls; cullivaling, con-
seiving and exloiling loiesls; Lieeding oi calcling lsl; cullivaling oi galleiing ollei loims
ol aqualic lile; sloiing and caiiying oul some Lasic iocessing ol lleii ioduce; selling lleii
ioducls lo uiclaseis, maileling oiganizalions oi al mailels. Sueivision ol ollei woileis
may be included.
61 Market-oriented 5kiIIed AgricuIturaI Workers
62 Market-oriented 5kiIIed Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers
63 5ubsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Satherers
Sub-ma|cr0rcup61
Market-oriented 5kiIIed AgricuIturaI Workers
Mailel-oiienled slilled agiiculluial woileis lan, oiganize and eiloim laiming oeialions
lo giow and laivesl leld oi liee and sliuL cios; and lo ioduce a vaiiely ol animals and
animal ioducls loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis lo wlolesale Luyeis, maileling oigan-
izations or at markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group
iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ieaiing lle soil;
sowing, lanling, siaying, leililizing and laivesling leld cios; giowing liuil and ollei liee
and sliuL cios; giowing gaiden vegelaLles and loiliculluial ioducls; iaising, Lieeding and
tending animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, fur, skin or sericultural, apiarian or other
ioducls; sloiing and caiiying oul some iocessing ol ioduce; selling lleii ioducls lo ui-
claseis, maileling oiganizalions oi al mailels. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
611 Market Sardeners and Crop Srowers
612 AnimaI Producers
613 Mixed Crop and AnimaI Producers
Note
1oLs slould Le classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 63: SuLsislence !aimeis, !isleis, Hunleis and Galleieis
when goods (mostly food) are produced mainly for own consumption or for consumption by other mem-
bers of the workers household. If a large surplus is produced, and more goods are sold than consumed,
Lul lle main aim ol ioduclion was own consumlion, lle joLs slould neveilleless Le classiled in
SuL-majoi Giou 63. 1oLs slould only Le classiled in SuL-majoi Gious 61: Mailel-oiienled Slilled
Agiiculluial Woileis oi 62: Mailel-oiienled Slilled !oiesliy, !isleiy and Hunling Woileis il lle main
aim ol lle aclivily is lo ioduce goods loi lle mailel.
Mincr0rcup611
Market Sardeners and Crop Srowers
Mailel gaideneis and cio gioweis lan, oiganize and eiloim oeialions lo giow and laivesl
leld cios; lo giow liuil and ollei liee and sliuL cios; lo giow gaiden vegelaLles and me-
dicinal and ollei lanls; and lo ioduce loiliculluial and loiliculluial nuiseiies ioducls loi
sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis lo wlolesale Luyeis, maileling oiganizalions oi al mailels.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: moniloiing mailel aclivily and condilions, deleimining
lyes and quanlilies ol cios lo Le giown, and lanning and cooidinaling ioduclion accoid-
ingly; uiclasing seeds, LulLs and leililizei; invesling in land and land imiovemenls; ie-
aiing land and sowing, lanling, cullivaling and laivesling vaiious cios; lending woiling
animals and mainlaining laim Luildings, maclineiy and equimenl; ioducing salings, LulLs
and seeds; sloiing and caiiying oul some iocessing ol ioduce; deliveiing oi maileling laim
ioducls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
6111 FieId Crop and VegetabIe Srowers
6112 Tree and 5hrub Crop Srowers
6113 Sardeners; HorticuIturaI and Nursery Srowers
6114 Mixed Crop Srowers
Unit0rcup6111
FieId Crop and VegetabIe Srowers

!ield cio and vegelaLle gioweis lan, oiganize
and perform farming operations to grow and
laivesl vaiious lyes ol leld cio sucl as wleal
and other cereals, rice, beetroot, sugar-cane,
groundnuts, tobacco, reed or other eld crops,
and olaloes, caLLages oi ollei lield vegela-
Lles, loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis lo
wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at
markets.
Tasls include
(a) moniloiing mailel aclivily and condilions,
deleimining lyes and quanlilies ol cios lo
be grown, and planning and coordinating
ioduclion accoidingly;
(b) preparing soil by hand or machine, and
sieading leililizeis and manuie;
(c) selecting and sowing seeds, and planting
seedlings;
(d) mainlaining cios Ly cullivaling soil, Ly lians-
planting, pruning or thinning plants, and by
selling u and oeialing iiiigalion equimenl;
(e) controlling weeds, pests and diseases by ap-
lying leiLicides and eslicides;
(l) laivesling cios and deslioying diseased oi
sueiuous cios;
(g) inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging,
sloiing and loading cios loi sale oi deliveiy
lo mailel;
(h) tending working animals and maintaining
laim Luildings, sliucluies, equimenl and
walei suly syslems;
(i) storing and carrying out some processing of
ioduce;
(j) promoting and marketing products, ar-
ranging the sale, purchase and transporta-
tion of produce and supplies and maintaining
and evalualing iecoids ol laim aclivilies and
liansaclions;
(l) liaining and sueivising woileis in cio
production, maintenance duties and health
and safety precautions, and hiring and dis-
charging workers and contractors.
y Cereal farmer
y Cotton farmer
y Potato farmer
y Rice farmer
y Skilled farm worker (eld crops)
y Sugar-cane grower
y Agiiculluial ioduclion managei 1311
y Cio laim laLouiei 9211
Note
Gioweis ol vegelaLles using inlensive cullivalion lecl-
niques aie classilied in \nil Giou 6113: Gaideneis;
Hoiliculluial and uiseiy Gioweis.
Unit0rcup6112
Tree and 5hrub Crop Srowers

Tiee and sliuL cio gioweis lan, oiganize and
eiloim laiming oeialions lo giow and laivesl
trees and shrubs such as fruit and nut trees, tea
and coee Lusles, giae vines, Leiiy-Leaiing
bushes, cocoa trees and rubber trees, and to col-
lecl sa, loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis lo
wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at
markets.
Tasls include
seedlings;
(d) mainlaining cios Ly cullivaling soil, Ly
transplanting, pruning or thinning trees and
shrubs, and by setting up and operating ir-
iigalion equimenl;
(e) controlling weeds, pests and diseases by ap-
lying leiLicides and eslicides;
(f) tending trees or bushes, collecting sap and
laivesling cios;
(g) inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging,
sloiing and loading cios loi sale oi deliveiy
lo mailel;
walei suly syslems;
ioduce;
ranging the sale, purchase and transportation
of produce and supplies, and maintaining
and evalualing iecoids ol laim aclivilies and
liansaclions;
(l) liaining and sueivising woileis in cio
production, maintenance duties and health
y Fruit farmer
y Rubber farmer
y Rubber tapper
y Tea giowei
y Viticulturist
y Planlalion managei 1311
y !iuil iclei 9211
Unit0rcup6113
Sardeners; HorticuIturaI and Nursery Srowers

Gaideneis and loiliculluial and nuiseiy gioweis
plan, organize and perform operations to cul-
livale and mainlain liees, sliuLs, oweis and
ollei lanls in ails and iivale gaidens, and
to produce saplings, bulbs and seeds or grow
vegelaLles and oweis, Ly inlensive cullivalion
leclniques, loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis
to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or
at markets.
Tasls include
(a) moniloiing mailel aclivily and condilions
deleimining linds and amounls ol vegela-
bles and horticultural and nursery products
to be grown, and planning and coordinating
(L) ieaiing land Ly condilioning soil, levelling
ground and installing and operating irriga-
lion and diainage syslems;
(c) lanling liees, ledges, gaiden lanls and giass;
(d) pruning and trimming trees, shrubs and
hedges, installing plant supports and pro-
tection, and rolling, mowing, aerating and
edging lawns;
(e) constructing features and facilities within
gaidens, sucl as alls oi aved aieas, walls,
rockeries, garden beds, ponds and water fea-
luies, sleds and lences;
(f) checking the health of plants and trees, iden-
tifying and treating weeds, pests and dis-
eases, and alying mulcl and leililizeis;
(g) producing saplings, bulbs and seeds and
iaising lanls liom seeds oi cullings;
(l) laivesling cios and insecling, cleaning,
grading, packaging, storing and loading
ioducls loi sale oi deliveiy lo mailel;
(i) maintaining buildings, greenhouses and other
sliucluies, equimenl and walei suly sys-
lems;
(j) storing and carrying out some processing of
ioduce;
(k) promoting and marketing products, ar-
and evalualing iecoids ol aclivilies and
liansaclions;
(l) liaining and sueivising woileis in io-
duction, maintenance duties, and health
y Horticulturist
y Landscape gardener
y Mailel gaidenei
y Muslioom cullivaloi
y Hoiliculluial scienlisl 2132
y Gaiden laLouiei 9214
y Hoiliculluial laLouiei 9214
Note
Gioweis ol Leiiy-Leaiing Lusles and liuil liees in oi-
claids aie classiled in \nil Giou 6112: Tiee and SliuL
Cio Gioweis unless llis is done in comLinalion will
geneial mailel gaidening oi loiliculluial cullivalion.
Gioweis ol vegelaLles in lelds nol using inlensive culli-
valion leclniques aie classiled in \nil Giou 6111: !ield
Cio and VegelaLle Gioweis.
Unit0rcup6114
Mixed Crop Srowers

Mixed cio gioweis lan, oiganize and eiloim
laiming oeialions lo giow and laivesl secilc
comLinalions ol lield cios, lield vegelaLles,
tree and shrub crops, and garden, horticultural
and nuiseiy ioducls, loi sale oi deliveiy lo
wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or
at markets.
Tasls include
seedlings;
(d) mainlaining cios Ly cullivaling soil, Ly
transplanting, pruning or thinning crops,
trees and shrubs, and by setting up and op-
eialing iiiigalion equimenl;
(e) giowing oweis and vegelaLles Ly inlensive
cullivalion;
(l) ioducing salings, LulLs and seeds;
(g) laivesling cios and insecling, cleaning,
grading, packaging, storing and loading
ioducls loi sale oi deliveiy lo mailel;
walei suly syslems;
ioduce;
and evalualing iecoids ol aclivilies and
liansaclions;
(l) liaining and sueivising woileis in io-
duction, maintenance duties and health
y Mixed cio laimei
y Slilled laim woilei (mixed cios)
y !iuil iclei 9211
Mincr0rcup612
AnimaI Producers
Animal ioduceis lan, oiganize and eiloim laiming oeialions lo Lieed and iaise domesli-
cated animals, poultry, insects and non-domesticated animals for the production of meat, dairy
ioducls, loney, slins, lexliles and ollei ioducls, oi loi use as woiling, soiling oi ieciea-
lional animals, loi sale oi deliveiy lo wlolesale Luyeis, maileling oiganizalions oi al mailels.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: moniloiing mailel aclivily and condilions, deleimining linds
and amounls ol ioducls lo ioduce and lanning and cooidinaling ioduclion accoidingly;
iaising, leeding and lending animals; ieaiing animals oi animal ioducls loi mailel; moni-
loiing and examining animals lo delecl illness, injuiy oi disease, and lo clecl lysical condilion
sucl as iale ol weigll gain; eiloiming dulies ielaled lo animal ieioduclion sucl as Lieeding,
aililcial inseminalion and leling will animal Liills; ienling oi invesling in, and mainlaining
and cleaning, Luildings, maclineiy, equimenl and sliucluies; sloiing and caiiying oul some
iocessing ol ioduce; iomoling and maileling ioducls, aiianging lle sale, uiclase and
liansoilalion ol slocl, ioduce and sulies, and mainlaining and evalualing iecoids ol acliv-
ilies and liansaclions; liaining and sueivising woileis in animal caie ioceduies, mainlenance
duties and health and safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.
6121 Livestock and Dairy Producers
6122PouItryProducers
6123 Apiarists and 5ericuIturists
6129 AnimaI Producers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup6121
Livestock and Dairy Producers

Iiveslocl and daiiy ioduceis lan, oiganize
and perform farming operations to breed and
iaise domeslicaled animals (excluding oulliy),
such as cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses and
camels, for the production of meat, milk and
other dairy products, skins and wool or for use
as working, sporting or recreational animals, for
sale oi deliveiy lo wlolesale Luyeis, maileling
organizations or at markets.
Tasls include
determining kinds and amounts of stock to
produce, and planning and coordinating pro-
duclion accoidingly;
(L) cullivaling asluies and ioviding and moni-
toring fodder and water supplies to maintain
aioiiale nuliilional levels and condilion
ol liveslocl;
(c) moniloiing and examining animals lo delecl
illness, injury or disease, and to check phys-
ical condilion sucl as iale ol weigll gain;
(d) grooming, marking, clipping, trimming,
diencling and/oi caslialing animals, and
sleaiing coals lo collecl laii oi wool;
(e) leiding liveslocl lo asluies loi giazing oi
lo scales, sleds, velicles oi ollei enclosuies;
(f) milking animals by hand or using milking
maclines;
(g) mixing leed, addilives and medicines in ie-
scribed portions and distributing or hand-
leeding lo animals loi consumlion;
(l) eiloiming dulies ielaled lo liveslocl ieio-
duction, such as breeding, articial insemi-
nalion and leling will animal Liills;
(i) maintaining and cleaning farm buildings,
maclineiy, equimenl and sliucluies;
(j) slaughtering and skinning animals and pre-
aiing llem loi mailel;
(k) storing and carrying out some processing of
animal and daiiy ioduce;
(l) promoting and marketing products, ar-
lion ol liveslocl, ioduce and sulies, and
mainlaining and evalualing iecoids ol laim
aclivilies and liansaclions;
(m) liaining and sueivising woileis in animal
care procedures, maintenance duties and
health and safety precautions, and hiring and
discharging workers and contractors.
y Cattle farmer
y Daiiy laimei
y Dog Lieedei
y Diovei
y Goal laimei
y Horse breeder
y Shearer
y Sheep farmer
y Shepherd
y Sloclman/woman
y Rancl managei 1311
Note
Woileis wlo ioduce a comLinalion ol domeslic live-
stock and other animals such as poultry, insects and non-
domesticated animals should be classied according to
lleii iedominanl aclivily. Tlose wlo ioduce and sloie
hay and other fodder for later consumption, primarily by
liveslocl loi wlicl lley aie iesonsiLle, aie classiled in
\nil Giou 6121: Iiveslocl and Daiiy Pioduceis.
Unit0rcup6122
PouItryProducers
Poultry producers plan, organize and perform
farming operations to breed and raise chickens,
turkeys, geese, ducks and other poultry to pro-
duce meat, eggs and breeding stock for sale or
deliveiy lo wlolesale Luyeis, maileling oigan-
izations or at markets.
Tasls include
(a) moniloiing mailel aclivily, lanning and
coordinating production accordingly, and
mainlaining and evalualing iecoids ol
laiming aclivilies;
(b) growing and purchasing feed and other sup-
plies needed to maintain appropriate nutri-
lional levels and condilion ol oulliy;
(c) moniloiing and examining oulliy lo delecl
illness, injury or disease and to check physical
condition such as rate of weight gain, and re-
moving weal, ill and dead oulliy liom ocl;
(d) mixing leed and leed addilives and lilling
leed and walei conlaineis;
(e) vaccinaling oulliy via diinling walei, injec-
lion oi dusling ol aii;
(f) collecting and storing eggs and packaging
llem loi sale oi deliveiy lo mailel;
(g) deleimining sex ol clicls and lacililaling
breeding, articial insemination and hatching
ol eggs;
(l) ienling oi invesling in, and mainlaining and
cleaning, laim Luildings, maclineiy, equi-
menl and sliucluies;
(i) slaughtering and dressing poultry for sale or
deliveiy lo mailel;
(j) storing and carrying out some processing of
ioduce;
(k) arranging the sale, purchase and transporta-
lion ol slocl, ioduce and sulies;
(l) liaining and sueivising woileis in oulliy
production procedures, maintenance duties
and health and safety precautions, and hiring
and discharging workers and contractors.
y Poultry breeder
y Poultry farmer
y Poultry tender
Note
Woileis wlo ioduce a comLinalion ol domeslic live-
stock and other animals such as poultry, insects and
non-domesticated animals should be classied according
lo lleii iedominanl aclivily.
Unit0rcup6123
Apiarists and 5ericuIturists

Aiaiisls and seiiculluiisls lan, oiganize and
perform operations to breed, raise and tend in-
sects such as honey bees, silkworms and other
secies lo ioduce loney, Leeswax, sill and
ollei ioducls loi sale oi deliveiy lo wlolesale
buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasls include
determining kinds and amounts of insect
products to produce, and planning and co-
oidinaling ioduclion accoidingly;
(b) purchasing insects and growing or pur-
clasing leed and ollei sulies;
(c) breeding, raising and tending insects and col-
lecling lleii ioducls;
(d) ienling oi invesling in, and mainlaining and
cleaning, Luildings, maclineiy, equimenl
and sliucluies;
(e) storing and carrying out some processing of
ioduce;
(f) arranging the sale, purchase and trans-
portation of stock, produce and supplies,
and mainlaining and evalualing iecoids ol
laiming aclivilies;
(g) liaining and sueivising woileis in ioduc-
tion procedures, maintenance duties and
y Aiaiisl
y Sericulturist
Unit0rcup6129
AnimaI Producers Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis mailel-oiienled animal
ioduceis nol classiled elsewleie in Minoi Giou
612: Animal Pioduceis. !oi inslance, lle giou
includes those engaged in breeding, raising and
tending non-domesticated mammals, game and
ollei Liids (excel oulliy), snails, snales and
ollei ieliles, as well as vaiious insecls and ani-
mals used loi laLoialoiy lesls, loi sale oi deliveiy
on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing
organizations, zoos and circuses, or at markets.
determining kinds and amounts of products
to produce, and planning and coordinating
(L) iaising, leeding and lending animals;
(c) moniloiing and examining animals lo delecl
ical condilion sucl as iale ol weigll gain;
(d) performing duties related to animal repro-
duction, such as breeding, articial insemi-
nalion and leling will animal Liills;
(e) ienling oi invesling in, and mainlaining and
cleaning, Luildings, maclineiy, equimenl
and sliucluies;
(f) slaughtering and skinning animals and pre-
aiing animal ioducls loi mailel;
(g) storing and carrying out some processing of
ioduce;
(h) promoting and marketing products, ar-
tion of stock, produce and supplies, and
mainlaining and evalualing iecoids ol acliv-
ilies and liansaclions;
(i) liaining and sueivising woileis in animal
health and safety precautions.
y Crocodile farmer
y Fur farmer (non-domesticated animals)
y Game Liid Lieedei
y Ostrich farmer
y Snail breeder
y Pel gioomei 5164
y Zoo leeei 5164
y Game waiden 5419
y Poulliy Lieedei 6122
Mincr0rcup613
Mixed Crop and AnimaI Producers
Mixed cio and animal ioduceis lan, oiganize and eiloim laiming oeialions lo giow
and laivesl leld, liee and vaiious ollei cios, as well as lo Lieed, iaise and lend animals and
lo ioduce a vaiiely ol animal lusLandiy ioducls, loi sale oi deliveiy lo wlolesale Luyeis,
marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: moniloiing mailel aclivily and condilions, deleimining
kinds and amounts of crops to be grown and animals to be raised, and planning and coor-
dinaling ioduclion accoidingly; uiclasing seeds, leililizei and ollei sulies; eiloiming
oeialions sucl as land ieaialion and sowing, lanling, cullivaling and laivesling cios;
ioducing oi Luying loddei and ollei lood sulies; Lieeding, iaising and lending animals;
lilling and slinning animals, and ieaiing animals oi animal ioducls loi mailel; ienling
oi invesling in, and mainlaining and cleaning, laim Luildings, maclineiy, equimenl and
sliucluies; sloiing and caiiying oul some iocessing ol ioduce; iomoling and maileling
ioducls, aiianging lle sale, uiclase and liansoilalion ol liveslocl, ioduce and sulies,
and mainlaining and evalualing iecoids ol laim aclivilies and liansaclions; liaining and su-
eivising woileis in animal caie ioceduies, mainlenance dulies and lealll and salely ie-
cautions, and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.
6130 Mixed Crop and AnimaI Producers
Unit0rcup6130
Mixed Crop and AnimaI Producers

Mixed cio and animal ioduceis lan, oiganize
and perform farming operations to grow and
laivesl leld, liee and vaiious ollei cios, as well
as to breed, raise and tend animals and to pro-
duce a vaiiely ol animal lusLandiy ioducls, loi
sale oi deliveiy lo wlolesale Luyeis, maileling
organizations or at markets.
Tasls include
determining kinds and amounts of crops to
be grown and animals to be raised, and plan-
ning and coordinating production accord-
ingly;
(b) purchasing seeds, fertilizer and other sup-
lies;
(c) performing operations such as land prep-
aialion and sowing, lanling, cullivaling and
laivesling cios;
(d) producing or buying fodder and other food
sulies;
(e) Lieeding, iaising and lending animals;
(f) killing and skinning animals, and preparing
animals oi animal ioducls loi mailel;
(g) ienling oi invesling in, and mainlaining and
cleaning, laim Luildings, maclineiy, equi-
menl and sliucluies;
(h) storing and carrying out some processing of
ioduce;
(i) promoting and marketing products, ar-
ol liveslocl, ioduce and sulies, and main-
laining and evalualing iecoids ol laim acliv-
ilies and liansaclions;
(j) liaining and sueivising woileis in animal
y !aimei (mixed laiming)
y Slilled laim woilei (mixed laiming)
y Mixed laim laLouiei 9213
Notes
Farmers and other skilled agricultural workers whose
lasls iedominanlly involve eillei iaising animals oi
giowing cios, Lul also involve some incidenlal aclivily
in cio giowing oi lending animals ieseclively, slould
nol Le included in \nil Giou 6130: Mixed Cio and
Animal Pioduceis. !oi examle, a laimei wlo iaises
cattle for the market but also spends a small amount
ol lime giowing gaiden vegelaLles slould Le classiled
in \nil Giou 6121: Iiveslocl and Daiiy Pioduceis.
Similarly, a wheat farmer who keeps a small number of
chickens and other farmyard animals should be classied
in \nil Giou 6111: !ield Cio and VegelaLle Gioweis.
Woileis on mixed laims wlo secialize in eillei cio
or animal production for the market should be classied
in lle ielevanl unil giou in Minoi Gious 611: Mailel
Gaideneis and Cio Gioweis oi 612: Animal Pioduceis
as appropriate.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup62
Market-oriented 5kiIIed Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers
Mailel-oiienled slilled loiesliy, lsleiy and lunling woileis lan, oiganize and eiloim
oeialions lo cullivale, conseive and exloil naluial and lanlalion loiesls; Lieed and iaise
lsl; laivesl and calcl lsl; and lunl and lia animals, loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis
to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets. Competent performance in most
occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ienling oi invesling
in equimenl and maclineiy and uiclasing sulies; lanning and undeilaling loiesliy,
aquaculluie, lsleiy and lunling oeialions; mainlaining Luildings, lanls, maclineiy and
ollei equimenl; deliveiing oi maileling ioducls; sueivising and liaining ollei woileis.
621 Forestry and PeIated Workers
622 Fishery Workers, Hunters and Trappers
Note
Lul lle main aim ol ioduclion was own consumlion, lle joLs slould neveilleless Le classiled in
Mincr0rcup621
Forestry and PeIated Workers
!oiesliy and ielaled woileis lan, oiganize and eiloim oeialions lo cullivale, conseive and
exloil naluial and lanlalion loiesls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assessing siles loi ieloieslalion, selecling seedlings and
lanling liees using manual lanling lools, and eslaLlisling and caiing loi loiesl slands; lo-
caling liees lo Le lelled and eslimaling volume ol limLei; oeialing clainsaw and ollei owei
saws lo llin young loiesl slands, liim, lo and lell liees and saw llem inlo logs; slaing iougl
wooden ioducls liom logs al a lelling sile; slacling logs and loading llem in clules oi oaling
llem down iiveis; leeing walcl lo delecl loiesl lies, ailicialing in lielglling oeialions,
comleling lielglling ieoils and mainlaining lielglling equimenl; conliolling weeds and
undeigiowll in iegeneialing loiesl slands, using manual lools and clemicals; oeialing and
mainlaining a sliddei, Lulldozei oi ollei iime movei lo ull a vaiiely ol scaiilcalion oi
sile ieaialion equimenl ovei aieas lo Le iegeneialed; collecling seed cones, iuning liees,
assisling in lanling suiveys and mailing liees loi suLsequenl oeialions; liaining and suei-
vising ollei woileis in loiesliy ioceduies, including loiesliy laLouieis and lanl oeialois.
6210 Forestry and PeIated Workers
Unit0rcup6210
Forestry and PeIated Workers

Forestry and related workers plan, organize and
eiloim oeialions lo cullivale, conseive and ex-
ploit natural and plantation forests.
Tasls include
(a) assessing sites for reforestation, selecting
seedlings and planting trees using manual
planting tools and establishing and caring
loi loiesl slands;
(b) locating trees to be felled and estimating
volume ol limLei;
(c) operating chainsaw and other power saws to
thin young forest stands, trim, top and fell
liees and saw llem inlo logs;
(d) shaping rough wooden products from logs at
lelling sile;
(e) stacking logs and loading them in chutes or
oaling llem down iiveis;
(f) keeping watch to detect forest res, partici-
pating in re ghting operations, completing
fire fighting reports and maintaining fire
lglling equimenl;
(g) controlling weeds and undergrowth in regen-
erating forest stands using manual tools and
clemicals;
(h) operating and maintaining a skidder, bull-
dozei oi ollei iime movei lo ull a vaiiely
ol scaiilcalion oi sile ieaialion equimenl
ovei aieas lo Le iegeneialed;
(i) collecting seed cones, pruning trees, assisting
in lanling suiveys and mailing liees loi
suLsequenl oeialions;
(j) liaining and sueivising ollei woileis in
forestry procedures, including forestry la-
bourers and plant operators.
y Charcoal burner
y Logger
y Logging climber
y Skilled forestry worker
y TimLei ciuisei
y Tiee lellei
y Silviculluiisl 2132
y !oiesliy leclnician 3143
y Tiee lallei oeialoi 8341
y !oiesliy laLouiei 9215
Mincr0rcup622
Fishery Workers, Hunters and Trappers
!isleiy woileis, lunleis and liaeis Lieed and iaise lsl, laivesl and calcl lsl, and lunl
and lia animals, loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis lo wlolesale Luyeis, maileling oigan-
Tasls eiloimed usually include: Lieeding, iaising and cullivaling lsl, mussels, oysleis and
ollei loims ol aqualic lile as casl cios oi loi ielease inlo lieslwalei oi sallwalei; moni-
loiing enviionmenls lo ensuie mainlenance ol olimum condilions loi aqualic lile; cleaning,
lieezing, icing oi salling calcl on- oi osloie, and ieaiing lsl and ollei ioducls loi
slimenl; ienling oi invesling in and mainlaining Luildings, lanls, maclineiy, lsling vessels
and ollei equimenl; ieaiing and ieaiiing nels and ollei lsling geai and equimenl; o-
eialing lsling vessels lo, liom and al lsling giounds; Lailing, selling, oeialing and lauling
in lsling geai; selling lias lo calcl mammals, Liids oi ieliles; deliveiing oi maileling
ioducls; sueivising and liaining ollei woileis.
6221 AquacuIture Workers
6222 !nIand and CoastaI Waters Fishery Workers
6223 Deep-sea Fishery Workers
6224 Hunters and Trappers
Unit0rcup6221
AquacuIture Workers
Aquaculluie woileis Lieed and iaise lsl and
cullivale mussels, oysleis and ollei loims ol
aqualic lile, loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai Lasis
to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or
at markets.
Tasls include
(a) Lieeding, iaising and cullivaling lsl, mus-
sels, oysleis and ollei loims ol aqualic lile
as cash crops or for release into freshwater
oi sallwalei;
(b) collecting and recording growth, production
and enviionmenlal dala;
(c) conducling and sueivising slocl examina-
lions in oidei lo idenlily diseases oi aiasiles;
(d) moniloiing enviionmenls lo ensuie main-
lenance ol olimum condilions loi aqualic
lile;
(e) directing and monitoring trapping and
spawning of fish, egg incubation and fry
rearing, applying knowledge of management
and lsl culluiing leclniques;
(f) cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch on-
or offshore, and preparing fish and other
ioducls loi slimenl;
(g) maintaining buildings, tanks, machinery,
Loals and ollei equimenl;
(l) deliveiing oi maileling ioducls;
(i) ienling oi invesling in Luildings, equimenl
and machinery, and purchasing food and
ollei sulies;
(j) sueivising and liaining aquaculluie and
sh hatchery support workers.
y Algae cullivaloi
y Fish farmer
y Oyster farmer
y Peail cullivaloi
y Seafood farmer
y Skilled sh farm worker
y Skilled seafood farm worker
y Aquaculluie ioduclion managei 1312
y Aquaculluie laLouiei 9216
Unit0rcup6222
!nIand and CoastaI Waters Fishery Workers

Inland and coastal waters shery workers, alone
oi as memLeis ol lsling-vessel ciews, calcl lsl
oi gallei ollei loims ol aqualic lile in inland oi
coaslal waleis loi sale oi deliveiy on a iegulai
basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organiza-
tions or at markets.
Tasls include
(a) preparing and repairing nets and other
lsling geai and equimenl;
(b) selecting areas for shing, plotting courses
and comuling navigalional osilions using
comass, clails and ollei aids;
(c) oeialing lisling vessels lo, liom and al
lsling giounds;
(d) baiting, setting, operating and hauling in
lsling geai Ly land oi using loisling equi-
menl;
(e) galleiing vaiious loims ol aqualic lile liom
sloies and slallow waleis;
(f) maintaining engine shing gear and other
on-Loaid equimenl;
(g) keeping records of transactions, shing ac-
livilies and weallei and sea condilions, and
eslimaling cosls and Ludgels;
(h) sorting and storing catch in holds with salt
and ice;
(i) iemoving calcles liom lsling equimenl,
measuring them to ensure compliance with
legal size and returning undesirable or illegal
calcles lo lle walei;
(j) diiecling lsling oeialions, and sueivising
shing crew members.
y Coastal shery skipper
y Fisher (coastal waters)
y Fisher (inland waters)
y !isling oeialions managei 1312
y Dee-sea lslei 6223
y Oyslei divei 7541
y !isleiy laLouiei 9216
Unit0rcup6223
Deep-sea Fishery Workers

Dee-sea lsleiy woileis, as slieis oi mem-
Leis ol lsling-vessel ciews, calcl dee-sea lsl
loi sale oi deliveiy lo wlolesale Luyeis, mai-
keting organizations or at markets.
Tasls include
(a) preparing and repairing nets and other
lsling geai and equimenl;
(L) commanding and oeialing lsling vessels
lo, liom and al dee-sea lsling giounds;
(c) determining areas for shing, plotting courses
and comuling navigalional osilions using
comass, clails, laLles and ollei aids;
(d) sleeiing vessels and oeialing navigalional
insliumenls and eleclionic lsling aids;
(e) diiecling lsling oeialions and sueivising
ciew aclivilies;
(l) iecoiding lsling iogiess and aclivilies, as
well as weather and sea conditions, on the
sli`s log;
(g) Lailing, selling and lauling in lsling geai;
(h) cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch on-
oi osloie;
(i) selecling and liaining vessel ciews.
y Dee-sea lslei
y Tiawlei sliei
y !isling oeialions managei 1312
y !islei (coaslal waleis) 6222
y !islei (inland waleis) 6222
y !isleiy laLouiei 9216
Unit0rcup6224
Hunters and Trappers

Hunters and trappers catch and kill mammals,
birds or reptiles mainly for meat, skin, feathers
and ollei ioducls loi sale oi deliveiy on a ieg-
ular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organ-
Tasls include
(a) setting traps to catch mammals, birds or rep-
liles;
(b) killing trapped or free mammals, birds or
ieliles will lieaims oi ollei weaons;
(c) skinning and otherwise treating killed mam-
mals, birds or reptiles to obtain desired prod-
ucls loi sale oi deliveiy;
(d) deliveiing oi selling liaed live mammals,
Liids oi ieliles;
(e) ieaiiing and mainlaining equimenl.
y Fur trapper
y Seal hunter
Sub-ma|cr0rcup63
5ubsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Satherers
SuLsislence laimeis, lsleis, lunleis and galleieis giow and laivesl leld oi liee and sliuL cios,
vegelaLles and liuil; gallei wild liuils and medicinal and ollei lanls; lend oi lunl animals;
and calcl lsl and gallei vaiious loims ol aqualic lile in oidei lo iovide lood, slellei and, in
some cases, a minimum ol casl income loi llemselves and lleii louselolds. Comelenl eiloi-
mance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ieaiing lle soil;
sowing, lanling, lending and laivesling leld cios; giowing vegelaLles, liuil and ollei liee
and sliuL cios; galleiing wild liuils and medicinal and ollei lanls; Lieeding, lending and
leeding animals and oulliy mainly lo oLlain meal, eggs, mill, laii, slin oi ollei ioducls;
lunling oi liaing animals; calcling lsl and galleiing ollei loims ol aqualic lile; lelcling
walei and galleiing liewood; sloiing ioduce loi lalei use and caiiying oul some iocessing
ol ioduce; Luilding and mainlaining louses and ollei slelleis; maling lools, clolles and
ulensils loi use Ly lle louselold; selling oi Laileiing some ioducls al local mailels.
631 5ubsistence Crop Farmers
632 5ubsistence Livestock Farmers
633 5ubsistence Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers
634 5ubsistence Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Satherers
Notes
Lul lle main aim ol ioduclion was loi own consumlion, lle joLs slould neveilleless Le classiled in
1oLs aie also classiled in SuL-majoi Giou 63 wlen goods aie ioduced only loi own consumlion oi
loi consumlion Ly memLeis ol lle woilei`s louselold, and no casl income oi Laileiing is involved.
Mincr0rcup631
5ubsistence Crop Farmers
SuLsislence cio laimeis giow and laivesl leld oi liee and sliuL cios, vegelaLles and liuil,
in oidei lo iovide lood, slellei and, in some cases, a minimum ol casl income loi llemselves
and their households.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing lle soil and sowing, lanling, lending and lai-
vesling leld cios; giowing vegelaLles, liuil and ollei liee and sliuL cios; lelcling walei
and galleiing liewood; sloiing loi lalei use and caiiying oul some iocessing ol ioduce;
Luilding and mainlaining louses and ollei slelleis; maling lools, clolles and ulensils loi use
Ly lle louselold; selling oi Laileiing some ioducls al local mailels.
6310 5ubsistence Crop Farmers
Unit0rcup6310
5ubsistence Crop Farmers

SuLsislence cio laimeis giow and laivesl leld
oi liee and sliuL cios, vegelaLles and liuil, in
oidei lo iovide lood, slellei and, in some cases,
a minimum ol casl income loi llemselves and
their households.
Tasls include
(a) preparing the soil and sowing, planting,
lending and laivesling leld cios;
(L) giowing vegelaLles, liuil and ollei liee and
sliuL cios;
(c) lelcling walei and galleiing liewood;
(d) storing for later use and carrying out some
iocessing ol ioduce;
(e) building and maintaining houses and other
slelleis;
(f) making tools, clothes and utensils for use by
lle louselold;
(g) selling or bartering some products at local
markets.
y Subsistence crop farmer
y Subsistence gardener
y SuLsislence vegelaLle giowei
y !iiewood collecloi 9624
y Walei collecloi 9624
Note
Workers in a subsistence setting whose main tasks are
fetching water and gathering firewood are classified
in \nil Giou 9624: Walei and !iiewood Colleclois.
Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a lim-
ited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under
lle diieclion ol olleis, aie classiled in lle ielevanl unil
giou in SuL-majoi Giou 92: Agiiculluial, !oiesliy
and Fishery Labourers.
Mincr0rcup632
5ubsistence Livestock Farmers
SuLsislence liveslocl laimeis Lieed, iaise and lend liveslocl in oidei lo iovide lood, slellei
and, in some cases, a minimum ol casl income loi llemselves and lleii louselolds.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: cullivaling asluies oi managing giazing lands, and moni-
loiing leed and walei sulies needed lo mainlain condilion ol liveslocl; moniloiing and ex-
amining animals lo delecl illness, injuiy oi disease, and lo clecl lysical condilion; giooming
and mailing animals and sleaiing coals lo collecl laii oi wool; leiding oi leading liveslocl
lo asluies, giazing land and walei sulies; iaising, lending, leeding and milling animals oi
diaining Llood liom llem; Lieeding animals and leling will animal Liills; slauglleiing and
slinning animals and ieaiing llem and lleii ioducls loi consumlion oi sale; caiiying
oul some iocessing ol animal ioducls; Luilding and mainlaining louses and ollei slelleis;
maling lools, clolles and ulensils loi use Ly lle louselold; lelcling walei and galleiing
liewood; Luying, Laileiing and selling animals and some ioducls.
6320 5ubsistence Livestock Farmers
Unit0rcup6320
5ubsistence Livestock Farmers

SuLsislence liveslocl laimeis Lieed, iaise and
lend liveslocl in oidei lo iovide lood, slellei
and, in some cases, a minimum of cash income
loi llemselves and lleii louselolds.
Tasls include
(a) cullivaling asluies oi managing giazing
lands, and monitoring feed and water supplies
needed lo mainlain condilion ol liveslocl;
(L) moniloiing and examining animals lo delecl
ical condilion;
(c) grooming and marking animals and shearing
coals lo collecl laii oi wool;
(d) leiding oi leading liveslocl lo asluies,
giazing land and walei sulies;
(e) raising, tending, feeding and milking ani-
mals oi diaining Llood liom llem;
(f) breeding animals and helping with animal
Liills;
(g) slaughtering and skinning animals and pre-
paring them and their products for consump-
lion oi sale;
(h) carrying out some processing of animal
ioducls;
(i) building and maintaining houses and other
slelleis;
(j) making tools, clothes and utensils for use by
lle louselold;
(l) lelcling walei and galleiing liewood;
(l) buying, bartering and selling animals and
some products.
y Subsistence cattle farmer
y Iiveslocl laim laLouiei 9212
y Mixed cio and liveslocl laim laLouiei
9213
y Walei and liewood colleclois 9624
Note
Workers in a subsistence setting whose main tasks
are fetching water and gathering rewood are classi-
led in \nil Giou 9624: Walei and !iiewood Collec-
tors. Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a
limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under
Mincr0rcup633
5ubsistence Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers
SuLsislence mixed cio and liveslocl laimeis giow and laivesl leld oi liee and sliuL cios,
vegelaLles and liuil; gallei wild liuils and medicinal and ollei lanls; lend oi lunl animals;
and/oi calcl lsl and gallei vaiious loims ol aqualic lile in oidei lo iovide lood, slellei and,
in some cases, a minimum ol casl income loi llemselves and lleii louselolds.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing lle soil and sowing, lanling, lending and lai-
vesling leld cios; giowing vegelaLles, liuil and ollei liee and sliuL cios; galleiing wild
liuils and medicinal and ollei lanls; Lieeding, lending and leeding animals and oulliy
mainly lo oLlain meal, eggs, mill, laii, slin oi ollei ioducls; lelcling walei and galleiing
liewood; sloiing ioduce loi lalei use and caiiying oul some iocessing ol ioduce; Luilding
and mainlaining louses and ollei slelleis; maling lools, clolles and ulensils loi use Ly lle
louselold; selling oi Laileiing some ioducls al local mailels.
6330 5ubsistence Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers
Unit0rcup6330
5ubsistence Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers

SuLsislence mixed cio and liveslocl laimeis
giow and laivesl leld oi liee and sliuL cios,
vegelaLles and liuil; gallei wild liuils and me-
dicinal and ollei lanls; lend oi lunl animals;
and/oi calcl lsl and gallei vaiious loims ol
aqualic lile in oidei lo iovide lood, slellei and,
in some cases, a minimum of cash income for
llemselves and lleii louselolds.
Tasls include
(a) preparing the soil and sowing, planting,
lending and laivesling leld cios;
(L) giowing vegelaLles, liuil and ollei liee and
sliuL cios;
(c) gathering wild fruits and medicinal and other
lanls;
(d) breeding, tending and feeding animals and
poultry mainly to obtain meat, eggs, milk,
laii, slin oi ollei ioducls;
(e) lelcling walei and galleiing liewood;
(f) storing produce for later use and carrying
oul some iocessing ol ioduce;
(g) building and maintaining houses and other
slelleis;
(h) making tools, clothes and utensils for use by
lle louselold;
(i) selling or bartering some products at local
markets.
y Mixed suLsislence laimei
Note
Mincr0rcup634
5ubsistence Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Satherers
Subsistence shers, hunters, trappers and gatherers gather wild fruits and medicinal and other
lanls; lunl and lia animals; and calcl lsl and gallei vaiious loims ol aqualic lile in oidei
lo iovide lood, slellei and, in some cases, a minimum ol casl income loi llemselves and
their households.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: galleiing wild liuils, iools and medicinal and ollei lanls;
lunling oi liaing animals mainly lo oLlain meal, mill, laii, slin oi ollei ioducls; lelcling
walei and galleiing liewood; calcling lsl and galleiing ollei loims ol aqualic lile; sloiing
oi caiiying oul some iocessing ol lleii ioduce; Luilding and mainlaining louses and ollei
slelleis; maling lools, clolles and ulensils loi use Ly lle louselold; selling oi Laileiing some
products at local markets.
6340 5ubsistence Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Satherers
Unit0rcup6340
5ubsistence Fishers, Hunters, Trappers

andSatherers
Subsistence shers, hunters, trappers and gatherers
gallei wild liuils and medicinal and ollei lanls;
lunl and lia animals; and calcl lsl and gallei
vaiious loims ol aqualic lile in oidei lo iovide
food, shelter and, in some cases, a minimum of
casl income loi llemselves and lleii louselolds.
Tasls include
(a) gathering wild fruits, roots and medicinal
and ollei lanls;
(b) hunting or trapping animals mainly to obtain
meal, mill, laii, slin oi ollei ioducls;
(c) lelcling walei and galleiing liewood;
(d) catching sh and gathering other forms of
aqualic lile;
(e) storing or carrying out some processing of
lleii ioduce;
(f) building and maintaining houses and other
slelleis;
(g) making tools, clothes and utensils for use by
lle louselold;
(h) selling or bartering some products at local
markets.
y Hunter-gatherer
y Subsistence collector
y SuLsislence divei
y Subsistence sher
y Subsistence trapper
y SuLsislence cio laimei 6310
y SuLsislence liveslocl laimei 6320
y Iiveslocl laim laLouiei 9212
y Walei and liewood colleclois 9624
Note
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 7 Ciall and Relaled Tiades Woileis 277
Ma|cr0rcup7
CPAFTANDPELATEDTPADE5WDPKEP5
Craft and related trades workers apply specic technical and practical knowledge and skills
lo consliucl and mainlain Luildings; loim melal; eiecl melal sliucluies; sel macline lools
oi male, ll, mainlain and ieaii maclineiy, equimenl oi lools; caiiy oul iinling woil;
and ioduce oi iocess loodslus, lexliles and wooden, melal and ollei ailicles, including
landiciall goods. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis majoi giou iequiies
slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tle woil is caiiied oul Ly land and Ly land-oweied and ollei lools wlicl aie used lo
ieduce lle amounl ol lysical eoil and lime iequiied loi secilc lasls, as well as lo imiove
lle qualily ol lle ioducls. Tle lasls call loi an undeislanding ol all slages ol lle ioduclion
process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the nal product.
Tasls eiloimed Ly ciall and ielaled liades woileis usually include: consliucling, mainlaining
and ieaiiing Luildings and ollei sliucluies; casling, welding and slaing melal; inslalling
and eiecling leavy melal sliucluies, laclle and ielaled equimenl; maling maclineiy, lools,
equimenl and ollei melal ailicles; selling loi oeialois, oi selling and oeialing vaiious ma-
cline lools; llling, mainlaining and ieaiiing indusliial maclineiy, engines, velicles, elecliical
and eleclionic insliumenls and ollei equimenl; maling iecision insliumenls, jewelleiy,
louselold and ollei iecious melal ailicles, olleiy, glass and ielaled ioducls; ioducing
landicialls; execuling iinling woil; ioducing and iocessing loodslus and vaiious ailicles
made ol wood, lexliles, leallei and ielaled maleiials. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le in-
cluded. Self-employed craft and related trades workers, who operate their own businesses either
independently or with assistance from a small number of others, may also perform a range
of tasks associated with management of the business, account and record keeping and client
seivice, alllougl sucl lasls would nol noimally comiise lle majoi comonenl ol lle woil.
71 BuiIding and PeIated Trades Workers (excIuding EIectricians)
72 MetaI, Machinery and PeIated Trades Workers
73 Handicraft and Printing Workers
74 EIectricaI and EIectronics Trades Workers
75 Food Processing, Woodworking, Sarment and Dther Craft and PeIated Trades Workers
Sub-ma|cr0rcup71
BuiIding and PeIated Trades Workers (excIuding EIectricians)
Building and ielaled liades woileis consliucl, mainlain and ieaii Luildings; eiecl and ieaii
loundalions, walls and sliucluies ol Liicl, slone and similai maleiials; slae and lnisl slone
for building and other purposes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-
majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
lle qualily ol lle ioducls. Tle lasls call loi an undeislanding ol lle woil oiganizalion, lle
materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the nal product.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: consliucling, main-
laining and ieaiiing Luildings and ollei sliucluies, using liadilional and/oi modein Luilding
leclniques; consliucling and ieaiiing loundalions, walls and sliucluies ol Liicl, slone and
similai maleiials; Liealing quaiiied slone inlo slaLs oi Llocls; culling, slaing and lnisling
slone loi Luilding, oinamenlal, monumenlal and ollei uioses; eiecling ieinloiced conciele
liamewoils and sliucluies as well as lnisling and ieaiiing cemenl suilaces; culling, slaing,
assemLling and mainlaining wooden sliucluies and lllings; eiloiming miscellaneous con-
sliuclion and Luilding mainlenance lasls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
711 BuiIding Frame and PeIated Trades Workers
712 BuiIding Finishers and PeIated Trades Workers
713 Painters, BuiIding 5tructure CIeaners and PeIated Trades Workers
Mincr0rcup711
BuiIding Frame and PeIated Trades Workers
Building liame and ielaled liades woileis consliucl, mainlain and ieaii Luildings; eiecl and
ieaii loundalions, walls and sliucluies ol Liicl, slone and similai maleiials; and slae and
lnisl slone loi Luilding and ollei uioses; and eiloim miscellaneous consliuclion and
building maintenance tasks.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: consliucling, mainlaining and ieaiiing Luildings and ollei
sliucluies Ly using liadilional and/oi modein Luilding leclniques; consliucling and ieaiiing
loundalions, walls and sliucluies ol Liicl, slone and similai maleiials; Liealing quaiiied
slone inlo slaLs oi Llocls; culling, slaing and lnisling slone loi Luilding, oinamenlal,
monumenlal and ollei uioses; eiecling ieinloiced conciele liamewoils and sliucluies as
well as lnisling and ieaiiing cemenl suilaces; culling, slaing, assemLling and mainlaining
wooden sliucluies and lllings; eiloiming miscellaneous consliuclion and Luilding main-
lenance lasls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
7111 HouseBuiIders
7112 BrickIayers and PeIated Workers
7113 5tonemasons, 5tone Cutters, 5pIitters and Carvers
7114 Concrete PIacers, Concrete Finishers and PeIated Workers
7115 Carpenters and Joiners
7119 BuiIding Frame and PeIated Trades Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup7111
HouseBuiIders
House builders erect, maintain and repair houses
and similar small buildings using either trad-
ilional oi modein leclniques and maleiials.
Tasls include
(a) preparing ground for erecting building or
ollei sliucluies;
(b) erecting structures to support roofs, and
Luilding and coveiing walls will aioiiale
maleiials;
(c) lixing ialleis lo iools and coveiing will
ioolng maleiial;
(d) levelling lloois lo male llem smooll and
seiviceaLle;
(e) mainlaining and ieaiiing exisling sliucluies;
(f) arranging for specialized work such as brick-
laying, painting, plumbing and electrical
wiiing lo Le done Ly suLconliaclois;
(g) cooidinaling and sueivising lle aclivilies ol
subcontractors, labourers and other workers.
y House builder
y Consliuclion iojecl managei 1323
y Piojecl Luildei 1323
y Consliuclion sueivisoi 3123
Unit0rcup7112
BrickIayers and PeIated Workers

Bricklayers and related workers lay bricks, pre-
cut stones and other types of building blocks in
mortar to construct and repair walls, partitions,
arches and other structures.
Tasls include
(a) laying stone, brick and similar building
blocks to construct or repair walls, parti-
tions, replaces and other structures such as
smoleslacls, luinaces, conveileis, lilns and
ovens, ieis and aLulmenls;
(L) laying loolalls, leiLs and avemenls;
(c) laying bricks or other masonry to build
alios, gaiden walls and ollei decoialive in-
stallations.
y Block layer
y Bricklayer
y Chimney builder
y Refractory bricklayer
y Slonemason 7113
Unit0rcup7113
5tonemasons, 5tone Cutters, 5pIitters

andCarvers
Slonemasons, slone culleis, slilleis and caiveis
cut and shape hard and soft stone blocks and
slabs for the construction and maintenance of
stone structures and monumental masonry, and
caive designs and lguies in slone.
Tasls include
(a) diiving wedges inlo quaiiied slone lo Lieal
il inlo slaLs oi Llocls;
(b) selecting and grading slabs and blocks of
gianile, maiLle and ollei slone;
(c) cutting, shaping and nishing building and
monumental stone such as granite or marble
using land lools oi land-leld owei lools;
(d) making patterns and marking shapes on
slone loi suLsequenl sawing, laning, diilling
and ollei diessing and culling oeialions;
(e) culling and caiving claiacleis, lguies oi de-
signs on stone blocks used for monuments or
memoiials;
(f) setting stone in the erection of monuments
and memoiials;
(g) repairing and replacing stonework on old
buildings, churches and monuments.
y Gianile cullei
y Slone caivei
y Stone cutter
y Stone polisher (hand or hand-powered
tools)
y Wall and ooi lile selleis 7122
y Macline oeialoi (slone culling oi
iocessing) 8112
Unit0rcup7114
ConcretePIacers,ConcreteFinishers
and PeIated Workers
Concrete placers, concrete nishers and related
workers erect reinforced concrete frameworks
and structures, make forms for moulding con-
crete, reinforce concrete surfaces, cement open-
ings in walls or casings for wells, nish and repair
cement surfaces and carry out terrazzo work.
Tasls include
(a) constructing and repairing reinforced con-
crete floors, walls, tanks, silos and other
conciele sliucluies;
(b) making shuttering or assembling prefabri-
caled loims loi moulding conciele;
(c) cementing openings in walls or casings for
wells;
(d) nishing and smoothing surfaces of concrete
sliucluies;
(e) applying a durable smooth surfacing com-
posed of cement, sand pigment and marble
ailicles lo oois, lnown as a leiiazzo lnisl.
y Cement nisher
y Concrete placer
y Teiiazzo woilei
y Conciele lnisling macline oeialoi 8114
y Road surface laying machinery
oeialoi 8342
Unit0rcup7115
Carpenters and Joiners

Carpenters and joiners cut, shape, assemble, erect,
mainlain and ieaii vaiious lyes ol sliucluies
and ttings made from wood and other materials.
Tasls include
(a) making, altering and repairing structural
and other woodwork at a workbench or on
a consliuclion sile;
(L) consliucling, eiecling and inslalling leavy-
liamed wooden sliucluies on Luilding siles;
(c) tting, assembling and altering internal and
exleinal lxluies ol Luildings, sucl as walls,
doors, door and window frames, facings and
anelling;
(d) maling, ieaiiing and llling scenic equi-
ment for theatrical performances and motion
icluie oi lelevision ioduclions;
(e) constructing, assembling, altering and re-
aiiing wooden lxluies and lllings in liain
coaches, aircraft, ships, boats, floats and
ollei velicles.
y Carpenter
y Dooi inslallei
y Finish carpenter
y Framer
y Joiner
y Shipwright (wood)
y CaLinel-malei 7522
y Wleelwiigll 7522
Unit0rcup7119
BuiIding Frame and PeIated Trades Workers

Tlis unil giou coveis Luilding liame and ielaled
liades woileis nol classiled elsewleie in Minoi
Giou 711: Building !iame and Relaled Tiades
Workers. For instance, the unit group includes
sleelejacls, scaoldeis and demolilion woileis.
(a) climbing and performing miscellaneous con-
struction and building maintenance work on
tall structures such as towers, chimneys and
siies;
(b) erecting temporary metal or wooden scaf-
lolding on Luilding siles;
(c) demolishing buildings and other structures.
y Building wrecker
y Prefabricated building assembler
y Scaoldei
y Skilled demolition worker
y Steeplejack
y Consliuclion laLouiei (Luilding woil)
9313
y Demolilion laLouiei 9313
Mincr0rcup712
BuiIding Finishers and PeIated Trades Workers
Building lnisleis and ielaled liades woileis covei, aly oi inslall, mainlain and ieaii iools,
oois, walls, insulalion syslems, glass in windows oi ollei liames, as well as lumLing, iing
and electrical systems in buildings and other structures.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: coveiing iool liamewoils will one oi moie linds ol ma-
leiial; inslalling aiquel and ollei linds ol ooiing, oi coveiing oois and walls will liles
oi mosaic anels; alying laslei lo walls and ceilings; alying insulaling maleiial lo walls,
oois and ceilings; culling, llling and selling glass in windows and similai oenings; inslalling
lumLing and ieline syslems; inslalling elecliical wiiing and ielaled equimenl. Sueivision
of other workers may be included.
7121 Poofers
7122FIoorLayersandTiIe5etters
7123PIasterers
7124 !nsuIation Workers
7125 SIaziers
7126 PIumbers and Pipe Fitters
7127AirConditioningandPefrigerationMechanics
Unit0rcup7121
Poofers
Roofers build and repair roofs on all types of
buildings, using one or more kinds of material.
Tasls include
(a) studying drawings, specications and con-
struction sites to determine materials re-
quiied;
(L) coveiing iool liamewoils will slale and ie-
laLiicaled liles lo covei ilcled iools;
(c) laying a waleiiool slield and lxing melallic
oi synllelic maleiials lo a Luilding`s liame;
(d) sizing and cutting roofing materials to fit
around edges, corners and protuberances
sucl as climneys;
(e) using natural materials such as thatching to
iovide iool coveiings;
(f) creating temporary structures such as scaf-
folding and ladders.
y Aslall ioolei
y Melal ioolei
y Rool lxei
y Roof tiler
y Slate roofer
y Tlalclei
Note
!nslalleis ol melal ioolng aie classiled in \nil Giou
7121: Rooleis. Woileis wlo male sleel melal ioducls
for adaptation and installation by roofers are classied
in \nil Giou 7213: Sleel Melal Woileis.
Unit0rcup7122
FIoorLayersandTiIe5etters
Floor layers and tile setters install, maintain and
ieaii ooiing, and covei oois, walls and ollei
surfaces with carpets, tiles or mosaic panels for
decoialive oi ollei uioses.
Tasls include
(a) ieaiing llooi aieas loi coveiing will a
vaiiely ol maleiials;
(b) assembling carpet, tiles or other materials
and laying them on f loors according to
design and ollei secilcalions;
(c) ieaiing wall aieas loi coveiing will liles oi
ollei maleiials loi decoialive oi ollei ui-
oses sucl as acouslic insulalion;
(d) setting tiles and constructing and laying
mosaic anels lo walls, oois and ollei sui-
faces.
y Carpet layer
y MaiLle sellei
y Paiqueliy woilei
y Tile sellei
Unit0rcup7123
PIasterers
Plasterers install, maintain and repair plasterboard
in Luildings, and aly decoialive and ioleclive
coveiings ol laslei, cemenl and similai maleiial
lo lle inleiiois and exleiiois ol sliucluies.
Tasls include
(a) applying one or more coats of plaster to in-
terior walls and ceilings of buildings to pro-
duce a lnisled suilace;
(b) measuring, marking and installing orna-
mental plaster panels, and casting and trim-
ming oinamenlal laslei coinices;
(c) measuring, marking and cutting plaster-
board, lifting and positioning panels and se-
cuiing llem lo walls, ceilings and Lallens;
(d) coveiing joins and nail loles will wel laslei
and sealing compounds, and smoothing them
using wel Liusles and sandaei;
(e) alying ioleclive and decoialive coveiings
of cement, plaster and similar materials to
exleiioi Luilding suilaces;
(l) maling and inslalling decoialive laslei lx-
luies ol lLious laslei;
(g) applying and nishing acoustic, insulating
and fireproofing materials bonded with
plaster, plastic cement and similar materials.
y Diy wall lasleiei
y Fibrous plasterer
y Ornamental plasterer
y Plasterer
y Solid plasterer
y Stucco plasterer
Unit0rcup7124
!nsuIation Workers
Insulation workers apply and repair insulating
materials to buildings, boilers, pipes or refrigera-
lion and aii condilioning equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) culling insulalion maleiial Ly size and slae;
(b) applying slabs and sheets of insulating or
sound-aLsoiLing maleiials lo walls, oois
and ceilings ol Luildings;
(c) blowing and packing insulating or sound-ab-
soiLing maleiials inlo cavilies Lelween walls,
oois and ceilings ol Luildings will owei-
diiven maclines;
(d) examining lans, secilicalions and woil
siles lo deleimine lle lye, qualily and quan-
lily ol insulalion maleiial iequiied;
(e) alying insulaling maleiials lo exosed sui-
laces ol equimenl sucl as Loileis, ies and
lanls;
(f) insulating refrigeration and air conditioning
equimenl.
y Acouslic insulalion woilei
y Boiler and pipe insulation worker
y Insulation installer
y Insulation worker
y Refrigeration and air conditioning
equimenl insulalion woilei
Unit0rcup7125
SIaziers
Glazieis measuie, cul, lnisl, ll and inslall al
glass and mirrors.
Tasls include
(a) selecting the type of glass to be used, cutting to
right size and shape and installing in windows,
doois, sloweis and aililions ol Luildings;
(b) installing glass and mirrors in skylights, dis-
lay cases, inleiioi walls and ceilings;
(c) inslalling oi ielacing windscieens in veli-
cles oi Loals;
(d) ciealing decoialive glass lealuies sucl as glass
walls, staircases, balustrades and stained-
glass windows.
y Auloglaziei
y Glaziei
y Roong glazier
y Vehicle glazier
y Glass cullei 7315
y Glass lnislei 7315
Unit0rcup7126
PIumbers and Pipe Fitters

Plumbers and pipe tters assemble, install, repair
and maintain pipe systems, drains, gutters, ducts
and ielaled lllings and lxluies loi walei, gas,
diainage, seweiage, lealing, cooling and venli-
lation systems, and for hydraulic and pneumatic
equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) examining Llueiinls, diawings and secil-
cations to determine the layout of plumbing
and venlilalion syslems and maleiials ie-
quiied;
(b) measuring, cutting, threading, bending,
jointing, assembling, installing, maintaining
and ieaiiing ies, lllings and lxluies ol
diainage, lealing, venlilalion, walei suly
and seweiage syslems;
(c) installing gas appliances, dishwashers and
water heaters, sinks and toilets using hand
and owei lools;
(d) laying clay, concrete or cast-iron pipes in
ditches to form sewers, drains or water
mains, oi loi ollei uioses;
(e) insecling, examining and lesling inslalled
systems and pipes, using pressure gauge,
lydioslalic lesling, oLseivalion oi ollei
methods.
y Diain leclnician
y Gas lllei
y Pipe tter
y Pipe layer
y Plumber
y Ventilation pipe tter
y Aii condilioning and ieliigeialion
meclanics 7127
Note
Installers of metal drains, gutters and ducts are classied
in \nil Giou 7126: PlumLeis and Pie !illeis. Woileis
who make sheet metal products for adaptation and in-
slallalion lumLeis aie classiled in \nil Giou 7213:
Sleel Melal Woileis.
Unit0rcup7127
AirConditioningandPefrigerationMechanics
Aii condilioning and ieliigeialion meclanics
assemble, install, maintain and repair air condi-
lioning and ieliigeialion syslems and equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) interpreting blueprints, drawings and other
secilcalions;
(b) assembling, installing and repairing com-
ponents such as compressors, motors, con-
denseis, evaoialois, swilcles and gauges loi
aii condilioning and ieliigeialion syslems;
(c) connecling iing and equimenl Ly Lolling,
iiveling, welding oi Liazing;
(d) testing systems, diagnosing faults and per-
loiming iouline mainlenance oi seivicing.
y Aii condilioning equimenl meclanic
y Refrigeration mechanic
y PlumLei and ie lllei 7126
y Venlilalion ie lllei 7126
Mincr0rcup713
Painters, BuiIding 5tructure CIeaners and PeIated Trades Workers
Painters, building structure cleaners and related trades workers prepare surfaces and apply
ainl and similai maleiials lo Luildings and ollei sliucluies, velicles oi vaiious manulac-
luied ailicles. Tley covei inleiioi walls and ceilings will wallaei, and clean climneys and
exleiioi suilaces ol Luildings and ollei sliucluies.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing suilaces and alying ainl and similai maleiials
lo Luildings and ollei sliucluies; alying ainl oi vainisl lo velicles oi vaiious manulac-
luied ailicles, usually will a land-siaying device; coveiing inleiioi walls and ceilings will
wallaei, sill oi ollei laLiics; cleaning climneys; cleaning exleiioi suilaces ol Luildings and
ollei sliucluies. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
7131 Painters and PeIated Workers
7132 5pray Painters and Varnishers
7133BuiIding5tructureCIeaners
Unit0rcup7131
Painters and PeIated Workers

Painters and related workers prepare surfaces
of buildings and other structures for painting,
aly ioleclive and decoialive coals ol ainl
oi similai maleiials, oi covei inleiioi walls and
ceilings of buildings with wallpaper or other n-
ishes.
Tasls include
(a) cleaning and preparing walls and other sur-
faces of buildings for painting or wallpa-
eiing;
(L) selecling and ieaiing ainls lo iequiied
colouis Ly mixing igmenls and addilives;
(c) alying oi siaying ainl, vainisl and
similai maleiials lo suilaces, lixluies and
lllings ol Luildings;
(d) measuring and hanging wallpaper or other
laLiics on inleiioi walls and ceilings;
(e) alying ainls, vainisles and slains lo sui-
faces using brushes, rollers and sprays.
y Building painter
y Paperhanger
Unit0rcup7132
5pray Painters and Varnishers

Siay ainleis and vainisleis oeiale siay
ainling and vainisling equimenl lo aly iolec-
live coalings lo manulacluied ilems oi sliucluies.
Tasls include
(a) ieaiing suilaces lo Le coaled using a vaiiely
ol mellods lo iemove giease, diil and iusl;
(L) ainling cais, Luses, liucls and ollei veli-
cles, and alying vainisl and ollei iolec-
live coalings;
(c) alying ainl as well as ioleclive coalings
ol enamel oi vainisl on melal, wooden and
other manufactured products, usually with a
land-siaying device.
y Manulacluied ailicles ainlei
y Varnisher
y Vehicle painter
y Building ainlei 7131
y Decoialive ainlei 7316
y Signwiilei 7316
y Wood liealei 7521
y Melal coaling macline oeialoi 8122
Unit0rcup7133
BuiIding5tructureCIeaners
Building sliucluie cleaneis clean exleiioi sui-
faces of buildings and other structures, and
iemove sool liom climneys.
Tasls include
(a) cleaning exleiioi suilaces ol slone, Liicl,
metal or similar materials by means of chem-
icals, or a jet of steam or sand applied under
ligl iessuie;
(L) iemoving sool liom ues, climneys and con-
necling ies;
(c) iemoving asLeslos, mould and lie-damaged
surfaces from buildings.
y Building exleiiois cleanei
y Chimney sweep
y SandLlaslei (Luilding exleiiois)
y Giamli cleanei 9129
y Walei Llaslei 9129
Sub-ma|cr0rcup72
MetaI, Machinery and PeIated Trades Workers
Melal, maclineiy and ielaled liades woileis casl, weld, loige and, Ly ollei mellods, loim
melal; eiecl, mainlain and ieaii leavy melal sliucluies; engage in macline-lool selling as
well as in llling, mainlaining and ieaiiing maclineiy including engines and velicles; oi lley
ioduce lools and vaiious non-iecious melal ailicles. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl oc-
cualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
lle qualily ol lle ioducls. Tle lasls call loi an undeislanding ol lle woil oiganizalion,
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: maling moulds and
coies loi casling melal; casling, welding and slaing melal; inslalling, eiecling, mainlaining
and ieaiiing leavy melal sliucluies, laclle and ielaled equimenl; loiging and loiming
sleel and ollei non-iecious melals lo male and ieaii maclineiy, lools, equimenl and
ollei ailicles; selling loi oeialois oi selling and oeialing vaiious macline lools; llling,
mainlaining and ieaiiing indusliial maclineiy, including engines and velicles. Sueivision
721 5heet and 5tructuraI MetaI Workers, MouIders and WeIders, and PeIated Workers
722 BIacksmiths, TooImakers and PeIated Trades Workers
723 Machinery Mechanics and Pepairers
Mincr0rcup721
5heet and 5tructuraI MetaI Workers, MouIders and WeIders, and PeIated Workers
Sheet and structural metal workers, moulders and welders, and related workers, make moulds and
cores for casting metal, weld and cut metal parts, make and repair articles of sheet metal, and in-
slall, eiecl, mainlain and ieaii leavy melal sliucluies, laclle, caLle cais and ielaled equimenl.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: maling moulds and coies loi casling melal; casling, welding
and slaing melal ails; maling and ieaiiing ailicles ol sleel melal sucl as sleel sleel,
coei, lin oi Liass; inslalling, eiecling, mainlaining and ieaiiing leavy melal sliucluies as
well as laclle, caLle cais and ielaled equimenl.
7211 MetaI MouIders and Coremakers
7212 WeIders and FIame Cutters
7213 5heet MetaI Workers
7214 5tructuraI MetaI Preparers and Erectors
7215 Piggers and CabIe 5pIicers
Unit0rcup7211
MetaI MouIders and Coremakers

Melal mouldeis and coiemaleis male moulds
and cores for casting metal.
Tasls include
(a) maling moulds Ly land oi using auxiliaiy ma-
chines on a bench for small metal castings, on
lle loundiy ooi, oi in a il loi laige caslings;
(L) maling coies loi use in melal moulds;
(c) cleaning and smoothing moulds and core
Loxes, and ieaiiing suilace imeileclions;
(d) moving and osilioning woil ieces sucl as
mould sections, patterns and bottom boards,
using cianes, oi signalling olleis lo move
woil ieces;
(e) positioning patterns inside mould sections
and claming seclions logellei;
(f) cutting spouts, runner holes and sprue holes
inlo moulds;
(g) lifting upper mould sections from lower sec-
lions and iemoving moulded alleins.
y Coremaker
y Melal casling mouldei
Unit0rcup7212
WeIders and FIame Cutters

Weldeis and ame culleis weld and cul melal ails
using gas ame, elecliic aic and ollei souices ol
heat to melt and cut, or to melt and fuse metal.
Tasls include
(a) welding melal ails using gas ame, oi an
electric arc, thermite compound or other
mellods;
(L) oeialing iesislance-welding maclines;
(c) using blowtorches to make and repair lead
linings, ies, oois and ollei lead lxluies;
(d) Liazing melal ails logellei;
(e) culling melal ieces using gas ame oi an
elecliic aic;
(l) joining melal ails Ly land soldeiing;
(g) monitoring the tting, burning and welding
iocesses lo avoid oveilealing ol ails oi
waiing, sliinling, disloilion oi exansion
ol maleiial;
(l) examining woil ieces loi delecls and meas-
uring work pieces with straight edges or
templates to ensure conformity with speci-
cations.
y Brazier
y Flame cutter
y Welder
Unit0rcup7213
5heet MetaI Workers

Sheet metal workers make, install and repair art-
icles and parts of articles made out of sheet metal
such as sheet steel, copper, tin, brass, aluminium,
zinc oi galvanized iion.
Tasls include
(a) mailing sleel melal loi culling and slaing;
(b) making and repairing household utensils and
other articles in tin, copper and light alloys,
oi oinamenlal ailicles and lllings;
(c) maling and ieaiiing Loileis, lanls, vals
and similai conlaineis;
(d) installing and repairing sheet metal parts of
velicles and aiiciall;
(e) conveiling Llueiinls inlo slo diawings lo
be followed in the construction and assembly
ol sleel melal ioducls;
(l) deleimining iojecl iequiiemenls, including
scoe, assemLly sequences and iequiied
methods and materials, according to blue-
iinls, diawings and wiillen oi veiLal in-
sliuclions;
(g) insecling ioducl qualily and inslallalion lo
ensure conformity with specications.
y Boilersmith
y Coppersmith
y Panel beater
y Tinsmill
Note
Instal lers of metal roof ing are classi f ied in Unit
Giou 7121: Rooleis. !nslalleis ol melal diains, gulleis
and ducls aie classiled in \nil Giou 7126: PlumLeis
and Pipe Fitters. Workers who make sheet metal products
for adaptation and installation by roofers and plumbers
aie classiled in \nil Giou 7213: Sleel Melal Woileis.
Unit0rcup7214
5tructuraI MetaI Preparers and Erectors

Structural metal preparers and erectors assemble,
erect and dismantle structural metal frames of
buildings and other structures.
Tasls include
(a) marking metal framework as a guide when
drilling, cutting and shaping metal stock for
use in Luildings, slis and ollei sliucluies;
(b) drilling, cutting and shaping structural steel
in a woilslo;
(c) erecting steel framework for buildings,
Liidges and ollei consliuclions;
(d) assembling and erecting the framework and
ollei melal ails ol slis` sliucluies;
(e) shaping and tting structural steel plates of
slis undei consliuclion oi ieaii;
(l) iiveling sliucluial melal memLeis Ly land,
macline oi neumalic iivelei.
y Erector, structural metal
y Preparer, structural metal
y Rivelei
y Rivel ioduclion macline oeialoi 7223
Unit0rcup7215
Piggers and CabIe 5pIicers

Riggers and cable splicers assemble rigging gear
lo move and osilion equimenl and sliucluial
components, or install and maintain cables,
ropes and wires on construction sites, buildings
or other structures.
Tasls include
(a) estimating the size, shape and weight of ob-
jecls lo Le moved and deciding on lle lye
ol equimenl lo move llem;
(b) installing and repairing cables, ropes, wires,
ulleys and ollei laclle;
(c) joining, repairing and tting attachments to
wiies, ioes and caLles;
(d) working as member of a crew erecting and
repairing derricks for drilling water, gas and
oil wells;
(e) lifting and mounting scenery, lighting and
ollei equimenl in llealies and on llm sels;
(f) installing and maintaining communication
towers, aerial cableways, funicular railways,
ski lifts and similar infrastructure.
y Cable and rope splicer
y Rigger
y Ship rigger
y Tlealiical iiggei
y Towei iiggei
y CaLle slicing macline oeialoi 8189
y Ciane, loisl and ielaled lanl oeialois
8343
Mincr0rcup722
BIacksmiths, TooImakers and PeIated Trades Workers
Blacksmiths, toolmakers and related trades workers hammer and forge bars, rods or ingots of
iion, sleel and ollei melals lo male and ieaii vaiious linds ol lools, equimenl and ollei
ailicles; sel macline lools loi oeialois, oi sel and oeiale vaiious macline lools; and olisl
and sharpen surfaces.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: lammeiing and loiging iion, sleel and ollei melals lo male
and ieaii vaiious linds ol lools, equimenl and ollei ailicles; selling macline lools loi o-
eialois, oi selling and oeialing vaiious macline lools woiling lo lne loleiances; olisling
and sharpening metal surfaces and tools.
7221 BIacksmiths, Hammersmiths and Forging Press Workers
7222 TooImakers and PeIated Workers
7223 MetaI Working Machine TooI 5etters and Dperators
7224 MetaI PoIishers, WheeI Srinders and TooI 5harpeners
Unit0rcup7221
BIacksmiths, Hammersmiths
and Forging Press Workers
Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press
workers hammer and forge bars, rods, ingots and
plates of iron, steel or other metals, and draw
wiie lo male and ieaii vaiious linds ol lools,
melal ailicles, ieces ol equimenl, and agiicul-
tural and related implements.
Tasls include
(a) heating metal in forge furnaces and manu-
facturing and repairing articles by drawing,
bending, cutting, hammering metal on an
anvil, uncling, sleaiing, joining and laid-
ening oi lemeiing;
(b) shaping heated metal into forgings on power
lammeis equied will oen dies;
(c) operating closed-die drop hammers to forge
melal ailicles;
(d) oeialing a owei-iess macline equied
will closed dies lo loige melal ailicles;
(e) diawing wiie;
(f) reading work orders or blueprints to deter-
mine seciled loleiances and sequences ol
oeialions loi macline selu;
(g) measuring and inspecting machine parts to
ensure conformity with product specications.
y Blacksmith
y Dio lammei woilei
y Forging press worker
y Hammersmith
y Casling macline oeialoi 7223
y Macline lool oeialoi 7223
Unit0rcup7222
TooImakers and PeIated Workers

Toolmaleis and ielaled woileis male and ieaii
custom-made and specialized tools, sports guns,
locks, dies, patterns, machinery components and
other metal articles using hand and machine
tools to work metal to ne tolerances.
Tasls include
(a) reading and interpreting engineering draw-
ings and specications of tools, dies, proto-
lyes oi models;
(b) preparing templates and sketches, and deter-
mining woil iocesses;
(c) visualizing and comuling dimensions, sizes,
shapes and tolerances of assemblies, based
on secilcalions;
(d) positioning, securing and measuring metal
slocl oi caslings lo lay oul loi maclining;
(e) setting up, operating and maintaining con-
venlional and comulei numeiically con-
trolled machine tools to cut, turn, mill,
plane, drill, bore, grind or otherwise shape
work pieces to prescribed dimensions and
lnisl;
(f) fitting and assembling parts to make and
ieaii jigs, lxluies and gauges;
(g) repairing and modifying sports guns and
ollei small aims;
(h) making, tting, assembling, repairing and
inslalling locl ails and locls;
(i) making and repairing metal patterns for
ieaialion ol loundiy moulds;
(j) laying out lines and reference points on metal
stock to guide other workers who cut, turn,
mill, giind oi olleiwise slae melal;
(l) veiilying dimensions, alignmenls and cleai-
ances of nished parts for conformity with
specifications, using precision measuring
instruments and testing completed items for
proper operation.
y Die malei
y Gunsmill
y Jig maker
y Locksmith
y Patternmaker
y Toolmalei
y Tool ioduclion macline oeialoi 7223
Unit0rcup7223
MetaI Working Machine TooI 5etters

and Dperators
Melal woiling macline lool selleis and oeia-
lois sel and/oi oeiale vaiious macline lools,
working to ne tolerances.
Tasls include
(a) setting one or more types of machine tool for
production of metal articles in standardized
seiies;
(b) operating and monitoring metal working
machines such as lathes and milling, planing,
boring, drilling, grinding or honing ma-
chines, including multipurpose numerically
conliolled melal woiling maclines;
(c) performing similar tasks when machining
laslics and ollei melal suLslilules;
(d) oLseiving macline oeialions lo delecl woil
piece defects or machine malfunctions, and
adjusling maclines as necessaiy;
(e) inspecting work pieces for defects, and meas-
uring work pieces to determine accuracy of
machine operation, using rules, templates or
ollei measuiing insliumenls;
(f) changing worn machine accessories such as
cutting tools and brushes, using hand tools.
y Boring machine operator
y Casting machine operator
y Macline lool oeialoi
y Macline lool sellei
y Macline lool selleioeialoi
y Melal luinei
y Rivel ioduclion macline oeialoi
y Tool ioduclion macline oeialoi
Unit0rcup7224
MetaIPoIishers,WheeISrinders
and TooI 5harpeners
Melal olisleis, wleel giindeis and lool slai-
eners polish and grind metal surfaces and
sharpen tools.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing lxed oi oilaLle Lumng and ol-
isling maclines;
(b) sharpening cutting tools and instruments
using grinding wheels or mechanically oper-
aled giinding maclines;
(c) repairing, adjusting and sharpening saw
Llades and melal leell ol cylindeis in lexlile
caiding maclines;
(d) dressing grinding wheels according to speci-
lcalions;
(e) monitoring machine operations to determine
whether adjustments are necessary, and stop-
ing maclines wlen ioLlems occui;
(f) inspecting, feeling and measuring work
pieces to ensure that surfaces and dimen-
sions meel secilcalions;
(g) selecting and mounting grinding wheels on
machines according to specications, using
hand tools and applying knowledge of abra-
sives and giinding ioceduies.
y Knife sharpener
y Melal lnislei
y Melal olislei
y Tool giindei
y Melal lnisling macline oeialoi 8122
y Melal olisling macline oeialoi 8122
Mincr0rcup723
Machinery Mechanics and Pepairers
Maclineiy meclanics and ieaiieis ll, inslall, mainlain and ieaii engines, velicles, agiicul-
luial oi indusliial maclineiy and similai meclanical equimenl.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: llling, inslalling, mainlaining and ieaiiing engines, veli-
cles, agiiculluial oi indusliial maclineiy and similai meclanical equimenl.
7231 Motor VehicIe Mechanics and Pepairers
7232 Aircraft Engine Mechanics and Pepairers
7233 AgricuIturaI and !ndustriaI Machinery Mechanics and Pepairers
7234 BicycIe and PeIated Pepairers
Note
Occualions aie classiled in Majoi Giou 8: Planl and Macline Oeialois and AssemLleis il lle lasls
call mainly loi exeiience will and an undeislanding ol lle maclineiy oeialed and moniloied. Occu-
alions aie classiled in Majoi Giou 9: Llemenlaiy Occualions il lle lasls aie ol a simle and iouline
naluie, mainly enlail lle use ol land-leld lools, some lysical eoil, lillle oi no ievious exeiience
and undeislanding ol lle woil and limiled inilialive oi judgemenl.
Unit0rcup7231
Motor VehicIe Mechanics and Pepairers

Moloi velicle meclanics and ieaiieis ll, in-
slall, mainlain, seivice and ieaii engines and
lle meclanical and ielaled equimenl ol as-
sengei cais, deliveiy liucls, moloicycles and
ollei moloi velicles.
Tasls include
(a) detecting and diagnosing faults in engines
and ails;
(L) lilling, examining, lesling and seivicing
moloi velicle and moloicycle engines;
(c) replacing engine components or complete en-
gines;
(d) lilling, examining, adjusling, dismanlling,
ieLuilding and ielacing deleclive ails ol
moloi velicles;
(e) installing or adjusting motors and brakes,
and adjusting steering or other parts of
moloi velicles;
(l) inslalling, adjusling, seivicing and ielacing
meclalionics comonenls ol moloi velicles;
(g) eiloiming scleduled mainlenance seivices,
such as oil changes, lubrications and engine
lune-us, lo aclieve smoollei iunning ol ve-
hicles and ensure compliance with pollution
iegulalions;
(h) reassembling engines and parts after being
repaired.
y Aulomolive Liales syslems seivice
technician
y Diesel lllei (ioad liansoil)
y Lngine lllei (moloi velicle)
y Gaiage meclanic
y Moed ieaiiei
y Moloicycle meclanic
y Moloiized iiclslaw meclanic
y Moloi velicle engine and luel syslems
seivice leclnician
y Moloi velicle meclanic
y Moloi velicle meclalionics seivice
technician
y Moloi velicle ieaiiei
y Moloi velicle seivice leclnician
y Small engine mechanic
y Bicycle ieaiiei 7234
y Aulomolive elecliician 7412
y Moloi velicle engine assemLlei 8211
Unit0rcup7232
Aircraft Engine Mechanics and Pepairers

Aiiciall engine meclanics and ieaiieis ll, sei-
vice, ieaii and oveilaul aiiciall engines and
assemblies, such as airframes and hydraulic and
pneumatic systems.
Tasls include
(a) llling, examining, lesling and seivicing aii-
ciall engines;
(b) replacing engine components or complete en-
gines;
(c) examining and insecling aiiliames and aii-
craft components, including landing gear, hy-
draulic systems and de-icers to detect wear,
ciacls, Lieals, leals oi ollei ioLlems;
(d) mainlaining, ieaiiing, oveilauling, modi-
fying and testing aircraft structural, me-
clanical and lydiaulic syslems;
(e) ieading and inleiieling manuals, seivice
bulletins and other specications to deter-
mine the feasibility and method of repairing
or replacing malfunctioning or damaged
comonenls;
(f) maintaining, repairing and rebuilding air-
craft structures, functional components and
parts such as wings and fuselage, rigging, hy-
diaulic unils, oxygen syslems, luel syslems,
elecliical syslems, gaslels and seals;
(g) inspecting completed work to certify that
maintenance meets standards and the air-
ciall is ieady loi oeialion;
(h) maintaining repair logs, documenting all pre-
venlive and coiieclive aiiciall mainlenance;
(i) installing and testing electrical and electronic
components, assemblies and systems in air-
ciall;
(j) connecting components to assemblies such
as radio systems, instruments, magnetos, in-
veileis and in-igll ieluelling syslems.
y Aeiomeclanic
y Aiiciall engine lllei
y Aiiciall mainlenance engineei (aiiliames)
y Aiiciall mainlenance engineei (engines)
y Aiiciall mainlenance sueivisoi
y Aiiciall meclanic
y Aiiciall iesloiei
y Aiiciall seivice leclnician
y Aiiliame and owei lanl meclanic
y Aiiliame meclanic
y Avialion mainlenance leclnician
y Helicopter mechanic
y Jet engine mechanic
y Pneudraulic systems mechanic (aircraft)
y Powerplant mechanic (aircraft)
y Rocket engine component mechanic
y Aeionaulical engineei 2144
y Aiiciall mainlenance engineei
(avionics) 7421
y Avionics leclnician 7421
y Aiiciall engine assemLlei 8211
Unit0rcup7233
AgricuIturaIand!ndustriaIMachineryMechanics
and Pepairers
Agiiculluial and indusliial maclineiy me-
clanics and ieaiieis ll, inslall, examine, seivice
and repair engines, agricultural and industrial
maclineiy and meclanical equimenl, excel
moloi velicles, aiiciall and elecliic molois.
Tasls include
(a) llling, inslalling, examining, seivicing and
repairing engines, machinery and mechan-
ical equimenl;
(b) oiling and greasing stationary engines and
maclineiy;
(c) inspecting and testing new machinery and
meclanical equimenl loi conloimily will
slandaids and secilcalions;
(d) disassemLling maclineiy and equimenl lo
iemove ails and male ieaiis;
(e) examining ails loi delecls sucl as Liealage
and excessive weai;
(f) operating newly repaired machinery and
equimenl lo veiily lle adequacy ol ieaiis;
(g) recording repairs and maintenance per-
formed.
y Construction machinery mechanic
y Construction machinery repairer
y Farm machinery repairer
y Mining maclineiy lllei
y Mining maclineiy ieaiiei
y Stationary engine tter
y Stationary engine repairer
y Tiain engine lllei
y Tiain engine ieaiiei
y Aii condilioning equimenl meclanic
7127
y Meclanical maclineiy assemLlei 8211
Unit0rcup7234
BicycIe and PeIated Pepairers

Bicycle and related repairers t, maintain, ser-
vice and ieaii lle meclanical and ielaled
equimenl ol Licycles, iiclslaws, LaLy caiiiages,
wheelchairs and similar non-motorized trans-
oil equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) examining, seivicing and ieaiiing Licycles
and ollei non-moloiized liansoil equi-
menl;
(b) cleaning and lubricating bearings and other
moving ails;
(c) replacing and repairing components and ac-
cessoiies sucl as Liales, geais, diiving clain
meclanisms, wleels and landleLais;
(d) clanging lyies and conliolling aii iessuie;
(e) siay-ainling liames;
(f) assembling new bicycles, wheelchairs and
similai non-moloiized equimenl.
y Bicycle mechanic
y Bicycle repairer
y Perambulator repairer
y Wheelchair repairer
y Moed ieaiiei 7231
y Moloiized iiclslaw meclanic 7231
Sub-ma|cr0rcup73
Handicraft and Printing Workers
Handicraft and printing workers combine artistic and manual skills to design, produce, main-
tain and decorate precision instruments, musical instruments, jewellery and other precious
melals, olleiy, oicelain and glasswaie, ilems made ol wood oi lexlile, leallei oi ielaled ma-
leiials, and iinled ioducls sucl as Lools, newsaeis and magazines. Tley aly liadilional
and/oi iecenlly develoed leclniques lo caive, mould, assemLle, weave and decoiale vaiious
ailicles; lo comose and sel lye iioi lo iinling; lo sel u and oeiale iinling iesses; lo
Lind and lnisl iinled ioducls; and lo ieaie slencils and oeiale scieen iinling equi-
menl. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al
lle second !SCO slill level.
Tle woil may Le caiiied oul Ly land oi involve lle use ol land lools and land-leld owei
lools, and in some cases lle sel-u and oeialion ol maclineiy and macline lools. Tle lasls
call for an understanding of the work organization, materials and tools used, and the nature
and purpose of the nal product.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: maling and ieaiiing
naulical, meleoiological, olical and ollei iecision insliumenls and equimenl; maling and
ieaiiing musical insliumenls; maling jewelleiy and iecious melalwaie; maling olleiy,
oicelain waie, ceiamics and glasswaie; ainling and decoialing vaiious ailicles; ioducing
landiciall ailicles in wood oi lexlile, leallei and ielaled maleiials; eiloiming iinling oi
Lool-Linding lasls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
731 Handicraft Workers
732 Printing Trades Workers
Mincr0rcup731
Handicraft Workers
Handicraft workers combine artistic and manual skills to design, make, repair, adjust, main-
tain and decorate precision instruments, musical instruments, jewellery and other precious
melals, olleiy and oicelain waie. Tley aly liadilional and/oi iecenlly develoed lecl-
niques lo caive, mould, assemLle, weave and decoiale vaiious glass, ceiamic, lexlile, sliaw,
stone, wood and leather articles.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: maling, caliLialing, ieaiiing, mainlaining and inslalling
musical and iecision insliumenls; laLiicaling, adjusling, ieaiiing oi aiaising jewelleiy,
ceiemonial oi ieligious ilems, gold, silvei, ollei iecious melals oi gems; culling, lling, ol-
ishing and setting precious and semi-precious stones including gems and diamonds, and en-
giaving designs on jewelleiy and iecious melal ailicles; ieaiing olleiy, oicelain waie,
sanilaiy waie, Liicls, liles and aLiasive wleels Ly land oi Ly macline; Llowing, moulding,
pressing, cutting, trimming, grinding and polishing glass, or shaping molten glass according
lo alleins; decoialing ailicles made ol wood, melal, lexliles, glass, ceiamics and ollei ma-
terials, and planning, laying out and painting letters, gures, monograms and designs to make
signs; alying liadilional leclniques sucl as seasoning oi imiegnalion lo ieaie wood,
sliaw, iallan, ieed, slone, clay, slells and ollei maleiials, and caiving, moulding, assemLling,
weaving oi ainling and decoialing vaiious ailicles loi eisonal oi louselold use oi loi
decoialive uioses; ieaiing maleiials lo male wiclei luiniluie, Liusles and Liooms, and
weaving vaiious linds ol Laslels; alying liadilional leclniques and alleins lo ioduce
woven laLiics, lnilled, emLioideied and ollei gaimenls and louselold ailicles.
7311 Precision-instrument Makers and Pepairers
7312 MusicaI !nstrument Makers and Tuners
7313 JeweIIery and Precious MetaI Workers
7314 Potters and PeIated Workers
7315 SIass Makers, Cutters, Srinders and Finishers
7316 5ignwriters, Decorative Painters, Engravers and Etchers
7317 Handicraft Workers in Wood, Basketry and PeIated MateriaIs
7318 Handicraft Workers in TextiIe, Leather and PeIated MateriaIs
7319 Handicraft Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup7311
Precision-instrument Makers and Pepairers

Precision-instrument makers and repairers
make, calibrate, repair, maintain, adjust and in-
stall mechanical watches and clocks, and nau-
tical, meteorological, optical and other precision
insliumenls and equimenl, and sel llem loi
correct performance.
Tasls include
(a) repairing, cleaning and adjusting mech-
anisms of timing instruments such as watches
and clocls;
(b) adjusting timing regulators, using calipers,
walcl-iale iecoideis and lweezeis;
(c) cleaning, rinsing and drying timepiece parts,
using solutions and ultrasonic or mechanical
walcl-cleaning maclines;
(d) testing timepiece accuracy and performance,
using meleis and ollei eleclionic insliumenls;
(e) testing accuracy of meters, gauges, indicators
or other recording or controlling instruments
lo locale deleclive comonenls and loi con-
loimily will slandaids;
(f) calibrating instruments or scales, using hand
lools and comulei oi eleclionic devices;
(g) inspecting components, connections and
diive meclanisms lo delecl delecls;
(l) assemLling insliumenls and devices sucl as
Laiomeleis, conliol valves, gyioscoes, ly-
grometers, speedometers, tachometers and
lleimoslals;
(i) testing, calibrating and adjusting electronic,
mercurial, aneroid and other types of mete-
orological instruments for compliance with
printed specifications and schematic dia-
giams, using vollmeleis, oscilloscoes, luLe
lesleis and ollei lesl insliumenls;
(j) adjusting and repairing masts, supporting
structures, clearance lights, control panels,
control cabling and wiring, and other elec-
liical and meclanical devices;
(k) repairing and setting optical instruments
such as microscopes, telescopes, theodolites
and sexlanls;
(l) checking whether assembled units conform to
specications and ensuring stipulated perfor-
mance and sensilivily Ly slandaid lesls.
y !nsliumenl/meleoiological malei
y Plologialic equimenl ieaiiei
y Surgical instrument maker
y Watchmaker
y Oilloaedic aliance malei 3214
y Ioclsmill 7222
y Macline lool oeialoi 7223
y Walcl assemLlei 8212
Unit0rcup7312
MusicaI !nstrument Makers and Tuners

Musical insliumenl maleis and luneis male, as-
semble, repair, adjust and restore musical instru-
menls and lune llem lo lle iequiied ilcl will
land oi owei lools. Tley usually secialize
in one type of instrument, such as stringed in-
struments, brass instruments, reed instruments,
pianos or percussion instruments.
Tasls include
(a) fabricating and assembling musical instru-
ments and instrument parts of wood, eb-
onile, melal, leallei and ollei maleiials;
(b) repairing or replacing musical instrument
parts and components such as strings,
bridges, felts and keys, using hand and power
lools;
(c) laying and insecling insliumenls lo eval-
uale lleii sound qualily and lo locale any
delecls;
(d) adjusling sliing lensions lo aclieve ioei
lone oi ilcl ol sliinged insliumenls;
(e) adjusting lips, reeds or toe holes of organ
ies, using land lools, lo iegulale aiiow
and loudness ol sound;
(l) luning and seivicing ie oigans Ly ad-
justing pitch of organ pipes to conform
with pitch of the tuning fork and adjusting
pitch of other pipes with reference to pitch
ol luned ies;
(g) installing new drumheads in percussion in-
sliumenls;
(h) tuning accordions by aurally comparing
pitch of reeds with master reeds and ling
ieeds lo oLlain slandaid ilcl;
(i) aligning pads and keys on reed or wind in-
sliumenls;
(j) luning eicussion insliumenls lo iequiied
pitch by tightening or loosening cords
lolding leallei ieces lxed alo oi al Loll
ends ol lle insliumenl;
(k) assembling and installing new pipe organs
and pianos in buildings.
y Brass instrument repairer
y Piano tuner
y Stringed instrument maker
y Woodwind instrument maker
Unit0rcup7313
JeweIIery and Precious MetaI Workers

Jewellery and precious metal workers design,
fabricate, adjust, repair or appraise jewellery,
ceiemonial oi ieligious ilems, gold, silvei, ollei
iecious melals oi gems. Tley cul, lle, olisl
and set precious and semi-precious stones in-
cluding gems and diamonds, and engiave designs
on jewelleiy and iecious melal ailicles. Tley
cut and polish diamonds for industrial purposes.
Tasls include
(a) casting jewellery and other non-ferrous metal
ailicles Ly land;
(b) creating new jewellery designs and modi-
lying exisling designs, using comuleis as
necessaiy;
(c) cutting designs in moulds or other materials
to be used as models in the fabrication of
melal and jewelleiy ioducls;
(d) alleiing exisling jewelleiy mounlings in oidei
lo ieosilion jewels oi lo adjusl mounlings;
(e) repairing, reshaping and restyling old jewel-
lery or precious metal ware following designs
oi insliuclions;
(f) making complete jewellery articles such
as rings, necklaces, bangles, brooches and
Liacelels liom maleiials sucl as gold, silvei,
platinum and precious or semi-precious
slones;
(g) examining gem suilaces and inleinal sliuc-
tures, using polariscopes, refractometers,
microscopes and other optical instruments
lo dieienliale Lelween slones, lo idenlily
iaie secimens, oi lo delecl aws, delecls oi
eculiaiilies aecling gem values;
(h) cutting and polishing gems and setting them
in jewelleiy ailicles;
(i) engiaving oi emLossing lelleis, designs oi
decoialive lines on jewelleiy and iecious
melal waie;
(j) grinding, drilling and nishing jewel bear-
ings for use in precision instruments such as
comasses and clionomeleis;
(l) examining assemLled oi lnisled ioducls lo
ensure conformity with specications, using
magnifying glasses or precision measuring
instruments.
y Enameller (jewellery)
y Gem sellei
y Goldsmill
y Jeweller
y Silveismill
Unit0rcup7314
Potters and PeIated Workers

Potters and related workers prepare pottery, por-
celain ware, sanitary ware, bricks, tiles and abra-
sive wleels Ly land oi Ly macline.
Tasls include
(a) maling ailicles ol olleiy and oicelain;
(L) maling clay oi laslei-ol-aiis moulds;
(c) reading technical drawings to know the cus-
lomei`s iequiiemenls;
(d) forming articles on the potters wheel by
iessing llumLs inlo cenlies ol ievolving
clay to form hollows, and pressing on the
inside and outside of emerging clay cylinders
with hands and ngers, gradually raising and
slaing clay lo desiied loims and sizes;
(e) adjusting wheel speeds according to the
feel of the clay as pieces enlarge and walls
Lecome llinnei;
(f) operating jigger machines to form ceramic
ware such as bowls, cups, plates and sau-
ceis;
(g) adjusting and setting controls of pug mills
llal mix, exliude, cul and deosil clay
claiges in oi ovei moulds as seciled;
(h) smoothening surfaces of finished pieces,
using iuLLei sciaeis and wel songes;
(i) loiming aLiasive wleels Ly moulding and
iessing an aLiasive mixluie Ly land oi Ly
macline;
(j) examining lnisled waie loi delecls and veii-
fying accuracy of shapes and sizes of objects,
using callieis and lemlales;
(l) ieaiing woil loi sale oi exliLilion, and
maintaining relationships with retail, pot-
tery, art and resource networks that can fa-
cililale sale oi exliLilion ol woil.
y ALiasive wleel mouldei
y Brick and tile moulder
y Potter
y Pottery and porcelain caster
y Pottery and porcelain modeller
y Ceiamic ailisl 2651
y Kiln oeialoi (Liicl and lile) 8181
y Kiln oeialoi (olleiy and oicelain)
8181
Unit0rcup7315
SIass Makers, Cutters, Srinders and Finishers

Glass maleis, culleis, giindeis and linisleis
blow, mould, press, cut, trim, grind and polish
glass, and shape molten glass according to pat-
terns.
Tasls include
(a) lealing glass lo liaLle slage using gas ames
oi ovens, and iolaling glass lo leal il uni-
loimly;
(b) blowing and bending glass tubing into speci-
ed shapes to form scientic apparatus such
as asls, ieloils and ielles;
(c) grinding and polishing glass objects or parts
to correct defects or to prepare surfaces for
further finishing and smoothing and pol-
ishing rough edges, using belt sanders or
olisling wleels;
(d) examining glass slocl and lnisled ioducls
and marking or discarding items with de-
fects such as spots, stains, scars, snags, chips,
scialcles oi unaccelaLle slaes oi lnisles;
(e) reading work orders to determine dimen-
sions, culling localions and quanlilies lo cul;
(l) oLseiving gauges, comulei iinlouls and
video monilois lo veiily seciled iocessing
conditions and make adjustments as ne-
cessaiy;
(g) positioning patterns or drawings on glass,
measuring dimensions, and marking cutting
lines, using glass cutting tools and cutting
glass along marked outlines or around pat-
lein;
(h) setting up, operating and adjusting comput-
eiized oi ioLolic glass culling equimenl;
(i) inspecting, weighing and measuring prod-
ucls lo veiily conloimily will secilcalions,
using instruments such as micrometers, cal-
lieis, magnileis and iuleis;
(j) iegulaling oven lemeialuies accoiding lo
glass lyes lo Le iocessed;
(l) liansleiiing alleins loi individual slained
glass parts from full size drawings to pattern
aei, using slylus lo liace diawings;
(l) siaying silvei solulion on glass lo iovide
miiioied suilace, using siay guns;
(m) laying out cutting and grinding optical and
other glass to specified dimensions and
weight for moulding into lens blanks and for
use as watch crystals.
y Glass Llowei
y Glass cullei
y Glass lnislei
y Glass giindei
y Glass ioduclion luinace oeialoi 8181
Unit0rcup7316
5ignwriters, Decorative Painters, Engravers

andEtchers
Signwiileis, decoialive ainleis, engiaveis and
etchers decorate articles made of wood, metal,
lexliles, glass, ceiamics and ollei maleiials.
Tley lan, lay oul and ainl lelleis, lguies, mon-
ogiams and designs lo male signs and engiave
and elcl oinamenlal and oial designs on glass
and other articles.
Tasls include
(a) ainling decoialive lieeland designs on oL-
jects such as pottery, glass, cigarette cases or
lamslades;
(L) liansleiiing decoialive oi oinamenlal de-
signs onlo ailicles liom aei liansleis;
(c) inlegialing and develoing visual elemenls,
such as line, space, mass, colour and per-
seclive, in oidei lo ioduce desiied eecls
such as the illustration of ideas, emotions or
moods;
(d) laying out and painting in one or more lan-
guages letters, gures, monograms and de-
signs lo male signs;
(e) sketching or tracing designs or lettering onto
work pieces or pattern materials to prepare
alleins oi slencils;
(f) designing patterns or lettering to paint work
pieces such as signs, glassware, pottery or
zinc lales;
(g) using sollwaie and iouling equimenl lo
ioduce lliee-dimensional caived images
for application onto larger signage as well as
engiaved and inlaid signs;
(l) designing and ioducing noimal al cul lel-
tering, or lettering that is shadowed with
alied vinyl, oi lelleiing llal is ieady cul
loi alicalion;
(i) writing, painting or printing signs or show
caids used loi dislay oi ollei uioses;
(j) cutting out letters and signs for display pur-
poses from wallboard or cardboard, by hand
or machines such as electrically powered jig-
saws oi Landsaws;
(l) examining slelcles, diagiams, samles,
blueprints or photographs to decide how de-
signs aie lo Le elcled, cul oi engiaved onlo
woil ieces;
(l) measuring and computing dimensions of let-
leiing, designs oi alleins lo Le engiaved;
(m) engiaving and iinling alleins, oinamenlal
designs, etchings, trademarks, gures or let-
leiing onlo al oi cuived suilaces ol a wide
vaiiely ol melal, glass, laslic oi ceiamic ilems;
(n) elcling decoialive designs, caliLialion mail-
ings and other gures on glass articles.
y Decoialive ainlei
y Glass enamellei
y Glass engiavei
y Glass elclei
y Signwriter
y Building ainlei 7131
y Manulacluied ailicles ainlei 7132
y Velicle ainlei 7132
y Ceiamics ainling macline oeialoi 8181
y Glass ainling macline oeialoi 8181
Unit0rcup7317
Handicraft Workers in Wood, Basketry

andPeIatedMateriaIs
Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and re-
laled maleiials aly liadilional leclniques sucl
as seasoning or impregnation to prepare wood,
straw, rattan, reeds, clay, shells and other ma-
leiials, and caive, mould, assemLle, weave oi
ainl and decoiale vaiious ailicles loi eisonal
oi louselold use oi loi decoialive uioses.
Basleliy weaveis, Liusl maleis and ielaled
workers select and prepare materials such as
bristles, nylon, bre, bass, whisker and wire to
make wicker furniture, brushes and brooms, and
lo weave vaiious linds ol Laslels.
Tasls include
(a) preparing wood, straw, rattan, reeds, shells
oi similai maleiials;
(L) caiving oial and ailislic designs on wooden
suilaces loi decoialive uioses;
(c) ainling lieeland decoialive designs on glass
and olleiy oi oicelain waie;
(d) caiving, assemLling, weaving, ainling and
decoialing vaiious ailicles loi eisonal oi
louselold use sucl as salad Lowls, seiving
soons, culling-Loaids, liays, vases, jugs,
baskets, straw hats, straw mats and similar
oLjecls;
(e) caiving, assemLling, weaving and ainling
vaiious decoialive ailicles sucl as slalues
and other sculptures, chess pieces, jewellery
and similai oLjecls;
(f) making wicker furniture from peeled and sof-
tened rattan, reeds, rushes, willow branches
and similai maleiials;
(g) maling vaiious linds ol Laslels Ly inlei-
lacing osier, rattan, reeds, rushes and similar
maleiials;
(h) forming bottoms of baskets by interlacing
sliis ol iallan, wood veneei oi ollei ma-
terials with frameworks of rods of material
sucl as willow;
(i) inserting rods around bottom edges between
woven seclions ol Lollom and Lending llem
uiigll lo seive as liamewoil loi sides;
(j) selecting and preparing brush materials such
as bristles, nylon, bres and wire, and setting
llem in Liusl Lase;
(k) selecting and preparing materials such as
broom corn, bass, whisker and fibre, and
fastening them to broom handles.
y Basket maker
y Brush maker
y Reed weaving landiciall woilei
y Wicker furniture maker
y Wooden articles handicraft worker
y Macline oeialoi (wood ioducls) 7523
Unit0rcup7318
Handicraft Workers in TextiIe, Leather

andPeIatedMateriaIs
Handiciall woileis in lexlile, leallei and ielaled
maleiials aly liadilional leclniques and al-
leins lo ioduce woven laLiics, lnilled, emLioi-
deied, woven and ollei gaimenls and ailicles loi
household use, as well as traditional footwear,
handbags, belts and other accessories.
Tasls include
(a) sinning and dyeing will naluial dyeslus,
wool, collon and ollei lLies;
(L) lace-maling, and weaving, lnilling oi em-
Lioideiing vaiious gaimenls and ailicles loi
louselold use;
(c) preparing and dyeing hides with natural
dyeslus and maling liadilional loolweai
oi landLags, Lells and ollei accessoiies;
(d) sinning and winding yain Ly land;
(e) diawing wai llieads inlo looms Ly land;
(l) weaving lain oi lguied cloll, laesliy, lace,
caiels oi ollei laLiics on land looms;
(g) maling caiels Ly using a lnolling leclnique;
(h) knitting garments and other articles on hand-
oeialed maclines oi Ly land;
(i) ciocleling oi maling Liaid Ly land;
(j) maling nels Ly land;
(l) giading and classilying naluial lexlile lLies;
(l) wasling wool lLies;
(m) cleaning and umng lexlile lLies;
(n) loiming liLies inlo slivei, comLing llem,
comLining slivei inlo slivei las oi loiming
slivei inlo iove.
y Carpets handicraft worker
y Caiel weavei
y Cloll weavei
y Knitter
y Leather handicraft worker
y Loom threader
y Texlile lLie comLei
y Texlile lLie diawei
y Texlile lLie iovei
y Texliles landiciall woilei
y Tliead and yain sinnei
y Texlile lLie comLing macline oeialoi
8151
y Knilling macline oeialoi 8152
y Weaving macline oeialoi 8152
Unit0rcup7319
Handicraft Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis landiciall woileis wlo
perform traditional handicrafts not classified
elsewhere. For instance, the group includes
traditional handicraft workers in non-precious
metals and stone.
y Candle-maker (handicraft)
y Melal loymalei
y Stone articles handicraft worker
Mincr0rcup732
Printing Trades Workers
Printing trades workers compose and set type prior to printing, set up and operate printing
presses, bind and nish printed products, and prepare stencils and operate screen printing
equimenl.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing gialic cameias and ollei lologialic equi-
menl lo ieioduce cameia-ieady coy onlo llms, lales and digilal oulul devices; oeialing
comulei scieen-Lased equimenl loi scanning, coloui seaialion and coiieclion, ieloucling
and other processes used to transfer copy to lm and produce lm for plate, cylinder and
digilal oulul ioduclions; selling u, oeialing and moniloiing maclines used in lyeselling,
lologialing coy, iinling and culling, lolding, collaling and Linding iinled maleiial;
eiloiming iouline lnisling oeialions and macline mainlenance; ieaiing slencils and
oeialing scieen iinling equimenl.
7321 Pre-press Technicians
7322Printers
7323 Print Finishing and Binding Workers
Unit0rcup7321
Pre-press Technicians
Pre-press technicians proof, format, set and com-
ose lexl and gialics inlo a loim suilaLle loi
use in vaiious iinling iocesses and ieiesenla-
lion in ollei visual media.
Tasls include
(a) operati ng graphic cameras and other
lologialic equimenl lo ieioduce
camera-ready copy onto films, plates and
digilal oulul devices;
(b) using computer applications to generate
images, lexl, layouls and imosilions loi
iinl and ollei visual media dislays;
(c) oeialing lale-maling equimenl lo ieio-
duce images from film to printing plates,
digilal oulul devices and iesses;
(d) oeialing comulei scieen-Lased equimenl
for scanning, colour separation, colour correc-
lion, masling, ciealive design, comLining, im-
posing, retouching, and other processes used
to transfer copy to lm and produce lm for
lale, digilal oulul and cylindei ioduclions;
(e) carrying out digital and chemical proong
liom digilal syslems, and negalive and osi-
live llms;
(l) evalualing iinled iools, clecling and coi-
iecling llem loi qualily;
(g) ieaiing and exosing caiLon lissue loi
laying on cylinders by transfer method, and
develoing images.
y Compositor
y Desllo uLlisling oeialoi
y Electronic pre-press technician
y Plologiavuiisl
y Photolithographer
y Plate maker (printing)
y Plate mounter (screen printing)
y Screen maker
y Tyesellei
Unit0rcup7322
Printers
Printers set up and operate digital, letterpress,
lillogialic, exogialic, giavuie, newsaei
and other printing presses.
Tasls include
(a) setting, adjusting and monitoring substrate-
leed meclanisms, deliveiy meclanisms,
inking systems and other printing machine
lunclions;
(L) mixing inl and solvenls lo slandaid, and iegu-
laling aei and inl suly duiing iinl iuns;
(c) moniloiing, evalualing and deleimining
iess lo clecl iinl qualily slandaids againsl
iools and delecl mallunclions;
(d) ioducing a vaiiely ol iinled ioducls using
digilal, ieliel, lillogialic, exogialic and
giavuie iinling iesses, and in-line lnisling
syslems;
(e) preparing plates, blankets and impression
cylindeis on small osel lillogialic iinling
iesses;
(l) loading aei inlo leeding meclanisms;
(g) moniloiing macline oeialions and qualily
ol iinling;
(h) maintaining, adjusting, repairing and cleaning
maclines;
(i) producing digital print images, and transfer-
ring and outputting images.
y Block printer
y Digilal iess oeialoi
y Feeder operator (printing)
y !lexogialic iess oeialoi
y Giavuie iess oeialoi
y Large sheet-fed press operator
y Screen printer
y Screen printing press operator
y Small press operator
y Texlile iinlei
y Web press operator
Unit0rcup7323
Print Finishing and Binding Workers

Print nishing and binding workers bind books
and other publications, and nish printed prod-
ucts by hand or machine.
Tasls include
(a) selling u and sueivising lle oeialion ol
aulomalic Linding and lnisling equimenl;
(b) binding full, half and limp-bound books, and
ieaiiing Lindings;
(c) folding, collating and sewing signatures by
macline and land;
(d) operating paper guillotines for pre-press
and post-press paper cutting and trimming,
and programming electronically operated
unils;
(e) operating systems to insert printed material
inlo newsaeis, magazines and enveloes;
(f) embellishing printed products automatically
and manually;
(g) operating photographic and electronic repro-
duclion devices.
y Book binder
y Collator operator
y Cutter operator
y Foil stamp operator
y Folder operator
y Galleiei oeialoi
y MulliLindei oeialoi
y Perfect binder operator
y Saddle stitch operator
y Small machine bindery worker
Sub-ma|cr0rcup74
EIectricaI and EIectronics Trades Workers
Electrical and electronics trades workers install, t and maintain electrical wiring systems and
machinery and other electrical apparatus, electrical transmission and supply lines and cables,
and eleclionic and lelecommunicalions equimenl and syslems. Comelenl eiloimance in
mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: inslalling, mainlaining,
llling and adjusling elecliical and eleclionic wiiing syslems, maclineiy and equimenl; ex-
amining Llueiinls, wiiing diagiams and secilcalions lo deleimine sequences and mellods
ol oeialion; insecling and lesling elecliical and eleclionic syslems, equimenl, caLles and
maclineiy lo idenlily lazaids, delecls and lle need loi adjuslmenl oi ieaii; inslalling, main-
laining and ieaiiing elecliical and lelecommunicalions liansmission lines; joining elecliical,
lelecommunicalions and dala caLles; mainlaining, liouLleslooling, llling, adjusling, lesling and
ieaiiing eleclionic equimenl sucl as commeicial and omce maclines, eleclionic insliumenls
and conliol syslems, comuleis, and lelecommunicalions and dala liansmission equimenl.
741 EIectricaI Equipment !nstaIIers and Pepairers
742 EIectronics and TeIecommunications !nstaIIers and Pepairers
Mincr0rcup741
EIectricaI Equipment !nstaIIers and Pepairers
Llecliical equimenl inslalleis and ieaiieis inslall, ll and mainlain elecliical wiiing sys-
lems and ielaled equimenl, elecliical maclineiy and ollei elecliical aaialus and elecliical
transmission and supply lines and cables.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: inslalling, mainlaining, llling and adjusling elecliical wiiing
syslems, maclineiy and equimenl; examining Llueiinls, wiiing diagiams and secilcalions lo
deleimine sequences and mellods ol oeialion; insecling and lesling elecliical syslems, equi-
menl, caLles and maclineiy lo idenlily lazaids, delecls and lle need loi adjuslmenl oi ieaii;
inslalling, mainlaining and ieaiiing elecliical liansmission lines; joining elecliical caLles.
7411 BuiIdingandPeIatedEIectricians
7412 EIectricaIMechanicsandFitters
7413 EIectricaI Line !nstaIIers and Pepairers
Unit0rcup7411
BuiIdingandPeIatedEIectricians
Building and related electricians install, main-
tain and repair electrical wiring systems and re-
laled equimenl and lxluies.
Tasls include
(a) installing, maintaining and repairing elec-
liical wiiing syslems and ielaled equimenl
in vaiious Luildings sucl as sclools, losi-
tals, commercial establishments, residential
Luildings and ollei sliucluies;
(L) examining Llueiinls, wiiing diagiams and
secilicalions lo deleimine sequences and
mellods ol oeialion;
(c) planning layout and installation of electrical
wiiing, equimenl and lxluies, Lased on joL
secilcalions and ielevanl slandaids;
(d) insecling elecliical syslems, equimenl and
components to identify hazards, defects and
lle need loi adjuslmenl oi ieaii;
(e) selecting, cutting and connecting wire and
caLle lo leiminals and conneclois;
(f) measuring and laying out installation refer-
ence oinls;
(g) positioning and installing electrical switch-
Loaids;
(h) testing continuity of circuits.
y Building repairs electrician
y Electrician
y Llecliical lllei 7412
y Llecliical line inslallei 7413
Unit0rcup7412
EIectricaIMechanicsandFitters
Electrical mechanics and tters t, adjust, install
and repair electrical machinery and other elec-
liical aaialus and equimenl in Luildings, lac-
loiies, moloi velicles, woilslos oi ollei laces.
Tasls include
(a) llling, adjusling and ieaiiing vaiious linds
of electrical machinery and motors, genera-
tors, switchgear and control apparatus, in-
sliumenls oi elecliical ails ol elevalois and
ielaled equimenl;
(b) fitting, adjusting and repairing electrical
parts in domestic appliances, industrial ma-
clines and ollei aliances;
(c) inspecting and testing manufactured elec-
liical ioducls;
(d) installing, testing, connecting, commis-
sioning, maintaining and modifying elec-
liical equimenl, wiiing and conliol syslems;
(e) designing, inslalling, mainlaining, seivicing
and repairing electric and hydraulic pas-
sengei and lieigll lills, escalalois, moving
wallways and ollei lill equimenl;
(f) connecting electrical systems to the power
suly;
(g) ielacing and ieaiiing deleclive ails.
y Aimaluie Luildei
y Aulomolive elecliician
y Electrical generator tter
y Electrical mechanic
y Lift mechanic
y Llecliical equimenl assemLlei 8212
Unit0rcup7413
EIectricaI Line !nstaIIers and Pepairers

Electrical line installers and repairers install,
repair and join electrical transmission and supply
caLles and ielaled equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) inslalling and ieaiiing oveilead and undei-
ground electrical power and electrical trac-
lion lines;
(L) maling joinls in oveilead and undeigiound
caLles;
(c) adhering to safety practices and procedures,
sucl as clecling equimenl iegulaily and
eiecling Laiiieis aiound woil aieas;
(d) opening switches or attaching grounding de-
vices lo iemove elecliical lazaids liom dis-
luiLed oi lallen lines oi lo lacililale ieaiis;
(e) climbing poles or using truck-mounted
Luclels lo access equimenl;
(l) idenlilying deleclive seclionalizing devices,
ciicuil Liealeis, luses, vollage iegulalois,
transformers, switches, relays or wiring,
using wiring diagrams and electrical-testing
instruments.
y Electric cable jointer
y Electric power line worker
y Dala and lelecommunicalions caLlei 7422
y Telecommunicalions line woilei 7422
Mincr0rcup742
EIectronics and TeIecommunications !nstaIIers and Pepairers
Electronics and telecommunications installers and repairers t, maintain, adjust and repair
eleclionic equimenl sucl as commeicial and omce maclines, eleclionic insliumenls and
conliol syslems; inslall, ieaii and mainlain lelecommunicalions equimenl, dala liansmis-
sion equimenl, caLles and anlennae; and ieaii, ll and mainlain comuleis.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: examining and lesling maclines, equimenl, insliumenls
and conliol syslems lo diagnose laulls; adjusling, ieaiiing and ielacing woin and deleclive
ails and wiiing, and mainlaining maclines, equimenl and insliumenls; inslalling eleclionic
insliumenls and conliol syslems; llling and adjusling eleclionic equimenl; mainlaining,
liouLleslooling, llling, adjusling, lesling and ieaiiing comuleis, dala liansmission equi-
menl and comulei eiileials; inslalling, mainlaining, ieaiiing and diagnosing mallunc-
lions ol miciowave, lelemeliy, mullilexing, salellile and ollei iadio and elecliomagnelic
wave communicalions syslems; ioviding leclnical advice and inloimalion, and moniloiing
lle eiloimance ol comlex lelecommunicalions nelwoils and equimenl; inslalling, joining
and ieaiiing caLling loi comulei, iadio, lelelone and lelevision liansmission; inslalling,
maintaining and repairing antennae used in communications.
7421 EIectronicsMechanicsand5ervicers
7422 !nformation and Communications TechnoIogy !nstaIIers and 5ervicers
Unit0rcup7421
EIectronicsMechanicsand5ervicers
Lleclionics meclanics and seiviceis ll, mainlain,
adjusl and ieaii eleclionic equimenl sucl as
commercial and ofce machines and electronic
instruments and control systems.
Tasls include
(a) examining and lesling maclines, insliu-
ments, components, control systems and
ollei eleclionic equimenl lo idenlily laulls;
(b) adjusting, repairing and replacing worn and
deleclive ails and wiiing, and mainlaining
maclines, equimenl and insliumenls;
(c) reassembling, test operating and adjusting
equimenl;
(d) installing electronic instruments and control
syslems;
(e) coordinating work with that of engineers,
technicians and other maintenance per-
sonnel;
(f) interpreting test data to diagnose malfunc-
lions and syslemic eiloimance ioLlems;
(g) installing, adjusting, repairing or replacing
electrical and electronic components, assem-
blies and systems, using hand tools, power
lools oi soldeiing iions;
(h) connecting components to assemblies such
as radio systems, instruments, magnetos, in-
veileis and in-igll ieluelling syslems;
(i) keeping records of maintenance and repair
work.
y Aiiciall mainlenance engineei (avionics)
y Aulomaled lellei maclines meclanic
y Avionics leclnician
y Lleclionic equimenl seivicei
y Electronics mechanic
y Photocopy machine technician
y Aii liamc salely leclnician 3155
Unit0rcup7422

!nstaIIersand5ervicers
(!CT) inslalleis and seiviceis inslall, ieaii and
mainlain lelecommunicalions equimenl, dala
liansmission equimenl, caLles, anlennae and
conduits, and repair, t and maintain computers.
Tasls include
(a) maintaining, troubleshooting, testing and re-
aiiing comuleis, dala liansmission equi-
menl and comulei eiileials;
(L) llling and adjusling comulei laidwaie;
(c) installing, maintaining, repairing and diag-
nosing mallunclions ol miciowave, lelem-
eliy, mullilexing, salellile and ollei iadio
and elecliomagnelic wave communicalions
syslems;
(d) ioviding leclnical advice and inloimalion,
and moniloiing lle eiloimance ol comlex
lelecommunicalions nelwoils and equi-
menl;
(e) installing and repairing cabling for computer,
iadio, lelelone and lelevision liansmission;
(f) joining telecommunications and data cables,
and sealing slealls;
(g) installing, maintaining and repairing an-
tennae used in communications.
y Communicalions leclnology seivicei
y Comulei equimenl lllei
y Computer hardware installer
y Dala and lelecommunicalions caLlei
y Telecommunicalions equimenl ieaiiei
y Telecommunicalions line woilei
y Telelone inslallei
y Engineering technician
(lelecommunicalions) 3522
Sub-ma|cr0rcup75
Food Processing, Woodworking, Sarment and Dther Craft and PeIated Trades Workers
Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and
process agricultural and sheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and
ieaii goods made ol wood, lexliles, lui, leallei oi ollei maleiials. Comelenl eiloimance
in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: liealing and iocessing
meal, lsl, giain, liuil, vegelaLles and ielaled maleiials inlo lood slus, and loLacco inlo
loLacco ioducls; lasling and giading lood ioducls and Leveiages; liealing and iocessing
naluial lLies, slins and lides; maling and ieaiiing luiniluie and ollei goods made ol wood;
ieaiing lides, slins and ells loi luillei use; maling and ieaiiing lexliles, gaimenls, lals,
sloes and ielaled ioducls. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
751 Food Processing and PeIated Trades Workers
752 Wood Treaters, Cabinet-makers and PeIated Trades Workers
753 Sarment and PeIated Trades Workers
754 Dther Craft and PeIated Workers
Mincr0rcup751
Food Processing and PeIated Trades Workers
!ood iocessing and ielaled liades woileis slaugllei animals; lieal and ieaie llem and
ielaled lood ilems loi luman and animal consumlion; male vaiious linds ol Liead, cales
and ollei oui ioducls; iocess and ieseive liuil, vegelaLles and ielaled loods; lasle and
giade vaiious lood ioducls and Leveiages; oi ieaie loLacco and male loLacco ioducls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: slauglleiing animals; liealing meal and lsl and ieaiing
llem and ielaled lood ilems; maling vaiious linds ol Liead, cales and ollei oui ioducls;
iocessing and ieseiving liuil, vegelaLles and ielaled loods; lasling and giading vaiious
lood ioducls and Leveiages; ieaiing loLacco and maling loLacco ioducls. Sueivision
of workers may be included.
7511 Butchers, Fishmongers and PeIated Food Preparers
7512 Bakers, Pastry-cooks and Confectionery Makers
7513 Dairy Products Makers
7514 Fruit, VegetabIe and PeIated Preservers
7515 FoodandBeverageTastersandSraders
7516 Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products Makers
Unit0rcup7511
Butchers, Fishmongers and PeIated Food Preparers

Butchers, shmongers and related food preparers
slaughter animals, clean, cut and dress meat and
lisl, iemove Lones and ieaie ielaled lood
ilems, oi ieseive meal, lsl and ollei loods and
food products by drying, salting or smoking.
Tasls include
(a) slauglleiing animals;
(L) aying and liimming caicasses;
(c) boning, cutting and dressing meat and sh
loi sale oi luillei iocessing;
(d) preparing ingredients and making sausages
and similai ioducls using cloing, mixing
and slaing maclines;
(e) cuiing meal, lsl and ollei loods;
(l) oeialing smolelouses oi ovens lo smole
meal, lsl and ollei loodslus;
(g) cooking or in other ways preparing meat, sh
and ielaled lood ilems loi sale;
(h) selling meat or sh to customers, including
wrapping, weighing and labelling products,
and ieceiving aymenl.
y Butcher
y Fish lleter
y Fishmonger
y Slaughterer
y Sloleeei 5221
y !isl iocessing macline oeialoi 8160
y Meal iocessing macline oeialoi 8160
Unit0rcup7512
Bakers, Pastry-cooks and Confectionery Makers

Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers
male vaiious linds ol Liead, cales and ollei
oui ioducls, as well as landmade clocolale
and sugar confectionery.
Tasls include
(a) making bread, cakes, biscuits, pastries, pies
and ollei oui ioducls;
(L) maling landmade conleclioneiy liom mix-
tures of sugar, chocolate and other ingredi-
enls, using land lools and some maclines;
(c) combining measured ingredients in bowls of
mixing, Llending oi cooling maclineiy;
(d) clecling lle qualily ol iaw maleiials lo
ensure that standards and specications are
mel;
(e) applying glazes, icings or other toppings to
Laled goods, using salulas oi Liusles;
(l) clecling lle cleanliness ol equimenl and
operation of premises before production
runs to ensure compliance with occupational
lealll and salely iegulalions;
(g) moniloiing oven lemeialuies and ioducl
aeaiance lo deleimine Laling limes;
(h) coordinating the forming, loading, baking,
unloading, de-panning and cooling of
batches of bread, rolls, pastry and confec-
tionery products.
y Baker
y Chocolate maker
y Confectioner
y Pastry-cook
y Cool 5120
y Baleiy ioducls macline oeialoi 8160
y Biead ioduclion macline oeialoi 8160
y Clocolale ioduclion macline oeialoi
8160
Unit0rcup7513
Dairy Products Makers

Daiiy ioducls maleis iocess Lullei and vaiious
types of cheese, cream or other dairy products.
Tasls include
(a) Loiling oi asleuiizing mill lo aclieve seci-
led Lullei lal conlenl;
(b) separating cream from milk and churning
cieam inlo Lullei;
(c) dumping measured amounts of starter and
ollei ingiedienls inlo mill;
(d) curdling milk, heating curd until it reaches
desired rmness, draining curd and placing
cleese inlo moulds lo iess il inlo slae;
(e) salting cheese and piercing or smearing
cleese will culluied wasl lo develo mould
giowll;
(l) lacing and luining cleese Llocls on slelves
lo cuie cleese;
(g) moniloiing ioducl qualily Leloie aclaging
by inspecting, taking samples and adjusting
liealmenl condilions wlen necessaiy;
(h) recording amounts of ingredients used, test
results and time cycles.
y Butter maker
y Cheese maker
y Daiiy ioducls macline oeialoi 8160
y Mill iocessing macline oeialoi 8160
Unit0rcup7514
Fruit, VegetabIe and PeIated Preservers

!iuil, vegelaLle and ielaled ieseiveis iocess oi
ieseive liuil, nuls and ielaled loods in vaiious
ways including cooking, drying and salting, or
juice oi oil exliaclion.
Tasls include
(a) exliacling juices liom vaiious liuils;
(L) exliacling oils liom oil-Leaiing seeds, nuls oi
liuils;
(c) cooling, salling oi diying liuil, vegelaLles
and ielaled loods;
(d) mixing and adding ingiedienls sucl as eclin,
sugai, sices and vinegai lo assisl ieseiva-
lion and enlance lexluie, aeaiance and
avoui;
(e) liansleiiing ieseived loods lo sleiile jais,
bottles or other containers.
y Chutney maker
y !iuil ieseivei
y Jam maker
y Oil exellei
y Vegetable and fruit pickler
y VegelaLle ieseivei
y Canning macline oeialoi 8183
Unit0rcup7515
FoodandBeverageTastersandSraders
!ood and Leveiage lasleis and giadeis insecl,
lasle and giade vaiious lyes ol agiiculluial
ioducls, lood and Leveiages.
Tasls include
(a) inspecting, testing, tasting and smelling ag-
iiculluial ioducls, lood and Leveiages al
vaiious slages ol iocessing;
(L) deleimining qualily, accelaLilily lo con-
sumei lasles and aioximale value ol
products, and grading them into appropriate
classes;
(c) discaiding inleiioi ioducls;
(d) iecoiding lle giade and/oi idenlilicalion
numLeis on lags and ieceiving oi sales sleels;
(e) weighing and measuring products.
y Food grader
y Food taster
y Iiquoi laslei
y Tea laslei
y Wine taster
Unit0rcup7516
Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products Makers

ToLacco ieaieis and loLacco ioducls maleis
ieaie loLacco leaves and male vaiious lo-
bacco products.
Tasls include
(a) giading cuied loLacco leaves Ly lye, qualily
and localily wleie giown;
(L) mixing loLacco leaves accoiding lo loimula
lo oLlain a Llend ol dislincl avoui;
(c) lending vacuum conlaineis wlicl moislen
loLacco loi luillei iocessing;
(d) iemoving midiiLs and slalls liom loLacco
leaves and sliedding loLacco;
(e) maling cigais, cigaielles, snu and ollei lo-
bacco products by hand or with simple ma-
chines.
y Cigarette maker
y Cigar maker
y ToLacco giadei
y Cigaielle ioduclion macline oeialoi
8160
y Cigai ioduclion macline oeialoi 8160
Mincr0rcup752
Wood Treaters, Cabinet-makers and PeIated Trades Workers
Wood liealeis, caLinel-maleis and ielaled liades woileis ieseive and lieal wood; male,
decoiale and ieaii wooden luiniluie, velicles and ollei wooden ioducls and comonenls;
and sel u, oeiale and lend wood seasoning and ieseiving equimenl and woodwoiling
equimenl, maclines and macline lools.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing and lending liealing and ollei equimenl lo diy
lumber and other wood products, and to treat chemically and impregnate wood products with
ieseivalives; selling and oeialing woodwoiling maclines lo cul, slae and loim ails and
comonenls; sludying lans, veiilying dimensions ol ailicles lo Le made, llling ails logellei
lo loim comlele unils and clecling lle qualily and ll ol ieces lo ensuie adleience lo seci-
lcalions; selling and adjusling vaiious linds ol maclines loi oeialion Ly olleis; selling u,
iogiamming, oeialing and moniloiing seveial lyes ol woodwoiling maclines lo laLiicale,
ieaii oi ielnisl wooden ails loi luiniluie, lxluies and ollei wood ioducls; and ieading
and inleiieling secilcalions oi lollowing veiLal insliuclions.
7521WoodTreaters
7522 Cabinet-makers and PeIated Workers
7523 Woodworking Machine TooI 5etters and Dperators
Unit0rcup7521
WoodTreaters
Wood liealeis season, ieseive and lieal wood
and lumber manually or using wood treatment
equimenl sucl as lilns and lanls.
Tasls include
(a) operating and tending kilns, treating tanks
and ollei equimenl lo diy lumLei, ieaie
and season wood and other wood products,
and to impregnate wood products with pre-
seivalives;
(L) moniloiing equimenl oeialion, gauges
and anel liglls in oidei lo delecl devialions
from standards and to ensure that processes
aie oeialing accoiding lo secilcalions;
(c) oeialing valves lo admil liealing solulion
inlo liealmenl vessels, mainlain secilied
leal, vacuum and lydiaulic iessuie and
levels ol solulion duiing eacl lase ol lle
liealmenl cycle;
(d) aclivaling vacuum and lydiaulic iessuie
ums llal iemove aii and sleam liom ie-
torts and force treating solution into pores
ol wood lo acceleiale lle liealmenl iocess;
(e) assisling in mainlaining iocessing equi-
menl and maclines as iequiied;
(l) cleaning, luLiicaling and adjusling equi-
menl;
(g) transporting materials and products to and
from work areas manually or using carts,
landliucls oi loisls;
(h) completing and maintaining production re-
ports.
y Diy liln oeialoi
y Lumber kiln operator
y TimLei liealing lanl oeialoi
y Veneer dryer tender
y Wood seasoner
y Wood treater
y Wood iocessing lanl oeialoi 8172
Unit0rcup7522
Cabinet-makers and PeIated Workers

Cabinet-makers and related workers make, deco-
rate and repair wooden furniture, carts and other
velicles, wleels, ails, lllings, alleins, models
and other wooden products using woodworking
machines, machine tools and specialized hand
tools.
Tasls include
(a) operating woodworking machines such as
power saws, jointers, mortisers and shapers,
and using hand tools to cut, shape and form
ails and comonenls;
(L) sludying lans, veiilying dimensions ol ail-
icles to be made, or preparing specications
and clecling lle qualily and ll ol ieces in
oidei lo ensuie adleience lo secilcalions;
(c) trimming joints and tting parts and sub-
assemblies together to form complete units
using glue and clamps, and reinforcing joints
using nails, sciews oi ollei lasleneis;
(d) maling, ieslyling and ieaiiing vaiious
wooden articles such as cabinets, furniture,
velicles, scale models, soils equimenl and
ollei ails oi ioducls;
(e) decoialing luiniluie and lxluies Ly inlaying
wood oi alying veneei and caiving de-
signs;
(f) nishing surfaces of wooden articles or fur-
niture.
y Cabinet-maker
y Cartwright
y Furniture cabinet-maker
y Wheelwright
y Wood patternmaker
y Caienlei 7115
y 1oinei 7115
y Wood and ielaled ioducls assemLleis
8219
Unit0rcup7523
Woodworking Machine TooI 5etters and Dperators

Woodworking machine tool setters and opera-
tors set up, operate and monitor automatic or
semi-automatic woodworking machines such
as precision sawing, shaping, planing, boring,
luining and woodcaiving maclines lo laLiicale
oi ieaii wooden ails loi luiniluie, lxluies and
other wooden products.
Tasls include
(a) setting up, programming, operating and
moniloiing seveial lyes ol woodwoiling
machines for sawing, shaping, boring,
drilling, planing, pressing, turning, sanding
oi caiving lo laLiicale oi ieaii wooden
ails loi luiniluie, lxluies and ollei wooden
ioducls;
(b) operating preset special-purpose wood-
working machines to fabricate wooden
products such as coat hangers, mop handles,
clollesins and ollei ioducls;
(c) selecling lnives, saws, Llades, cullei leads,
cams, bits or belts according to work piece,
machine functions and product specifica-
lions;
(d) installing and adjusting blades, cutter heads,
boring-bits and sanding-belts, and using
land lools and iules;
(e) selling and adjusling vaiious linds ol wood-
woiling maclines loi oeialion Ly olleis;
(f) reading and interpreting specifications or
lollowing veiLal insliuclions.
y Caiving macline oeialoi (wood)
y Furniture production machine operator
y Precision woodworking sawyer
y Wood products machine operator
y Wood turner
y Woodworking lathe operator
y Woodworking machine setter
y Woodworking machine setter-operator
y Woodworking machine set-up operator
y Wood and ielaled ioducls assemLleis
8219
Mincr0rcup753
Sarment and PeIated Trades Workers
Gaimenl and ielaled liades woileis ll, allei and ieaii lailoied clolling; design and male
lexlile and lui gaimenls and leallei oi lui ioducls; ieaii, ienovale and decoiale gaimenls,
gloves and ollei lexlile ioducls; cieale alleins loi gaimenls; inslall, ieaii and ielace u-
lolsleiy ol luiniluie, lxluies, oilloaedic aliances and luinislings ol aulomoLiles; liim,
sciae, lan, Lu and dye animal lides, ells oi slins; and modily and ieaii loolweai and
leather articles.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: llling, alleiing and ieaiiing lailoied clolling; designing
and maling made-lo-measuie clolling liom lexlile laLiics, ligll leallei and ollei maleiials,
oi maling lals oi wigs; maling gaimenl slyle clanges; ciealing iecision maslei alleins loi
ioduclion ol gaimenls and ollei lexlile, leallei oi lui ioducls; sewing logellei, joining,
daining, ieaiiing, ienovaling and decoialing gaimenls, gloves and ollei ioducls ol lexlile,
lui, ligll leallei and ollei maleiials; laLiicaling and assemLling sails, awnings and laiaulins;
inslalling, ieaiiing and ielacing ulolsleiy ol luiniluie, lxluies, oilloaedic aliances,
seats, panels and other furnishings of automobiles, railway coaches, aircraft, ships and similar
ilems; liimming, sciaing, cleaning, lanning, Lumng and dyeing animal lides, ells oi slins
lo ioduce leallei slocl and lnisled luis loi maling gaimenls and ollei ioducls; maling,
modifying and repairing standard, custom-made or orthopaedic footwear and natural or syn-
thetic leather articles.
7531 TaiIors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Hatters
7532 Sarment and PeIated Patternmakers and Cutters
7533 5ewing, Embroidery and PeIated Workers
7534 UphoIsterers and PeIated Workers
7535 PeIt Dressers, Tanners and FeIImongers
7536 5hoemakers and PeIated Workers
Unit0rcup7531
TaiIors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Hatters

Tailois, diessmaleis, luiiieis and lalleis laL-
ricate, fit, alter and repair tailored or hand-
made clolling. Tley ioduce made-lo-measuie
clolling sucl as suils, oveicoals and diesses
liom lexlile laLiics, ligll leallei, lui and ollei
material, or make hats or wigs according to cus-
tomers and clothing manufacturers specica-
tions.
Tasls include
(a) maling oveicoals, suils, sliils, sliils,
blouses, lingerie, corsetry, hats, wigs and
similai gaimenls, ollen lo clienls` individual
iequiiemenls;
(L) selecling lexlile laLiics, leallei oi lui ells,
malcling lle desiied size, coloui, lexluie and
qualily ol lle gaimenl; culling lo slae llem
to garment pattern and arranging them on
the pattern according to the design of the
gaimenl;
(c) making garment style changes, such as ta-
pering trouser legs or narrowing lapels, and
adding oi iemoving adding;
(d) selecting and modifying commercial patterns
to customers and clothing manufacturers
secilcalions and ll;
(e) fitting, altering and repairing tailored
clothing, dresses, coats and other made-to-
measure garments according to customers
iequesls;
(f) making and caring for costumes used in the-
aliical, lelevision and molion icluie ioduc-
lions;
(g) folding, twisting and draping material such
as satin or silk, or sewing ribbon or cloth in
lle loim ol aililcial oweis oi Lows aiound
ciown and Liim lo slae and decoiale lals;
(h) sewing and fastening together materials and
laii sliands lo male wigs;
(i) Llending slades ol laii lo give a naluial a-
eaiance lo wigs, aiianging woven laii in
specied positions and sewing hair together
lo loim laiiieces;
(j) making, altering, restyling and repairing fur
gaimenls and ollei lui ailicles;
(k) reclaiming furs or skins from old coats,
gluing fabric to the interior of fur coats and
trimming fur garments.
y Diessmalei
y Fur grader
y Furrier
y Hatter
y Millinei
y Tailoi
y Texliles landiciall woilei 7318
y Sewing macline oeialoi 8153
Unit0rcup7532
Sarment and PeIated Patternmakers and Cutters

Gaimenl and ielaled alleinmaleis and culleis
create precision master patterns for the produc-
lion ol gaimenls and ollei lexlile, leallei oi lui
ioducls. Tley mail, cul, slae and liim lex-
tiles, light leather and other materials according
to blueprints or specications in the manufacture
ol gaimenls, lals and cas, gloves and miscel-
laneous products.
Tasls include
(a) creating a master pattern for each size within
a range of garment sizes, using charts,
dialling insliumenls, comuleis and/oi
giading devices;
(b) creating the blueprint or pattern pieces for
a particular apparel design with the aid of a
comulei;
(c) calculating dimensions of patterns ac-
cording to sizes, considering stretching of
maleiial;
(d) drawing details on outlined parts to indicate
where parts are to be joined, as well as the
positions of pleats, pockets, buttonholes on
gaimenls, decoialive slilcling on sloe ails
oi eyelels on canvas ioducls, using com-
uleis oi dialling insliumenls;
(e) positioning templates or measuring materials
to locate specied points of cuts or to obtain
maximum yields, and mailing laLiic accoid-
ingly;
(f) laying out the master pattern on fabric and
culling samle alleins;
(g) testing patterns by making and tting sample
gaimenls;
(h) placing patterns on top of layers of fabric and
cutting fabric following patterns, using elec-
liic oi manual lnives, culleis oi comulei
numeiically conliolled culling devices;
(i) cutting fabric or fur pelts to make parts for
gaimenls and ollei lui ailicles;
(j) liimming excess maleiial oi culling llieads
o lnisled ioducls, sucl as culling loose
ends ol a lnisled ioducl;
(k) positioning leather on the cutting bed of ma-
clines, maximizing usage accoiding lo slin
giain, slin aws and slin slielcl;
(l) performing patternmaking, marking and
cutting tasks in the manufacture of other
ioducls sucl as soll luinislings and canvas
goods.
y Fur patternmaker
y Gaimenl cullei
y Gaimenl alleinmalei
y Glove cullei
y Texlile alleinmaling macline
oeialoi 8159
Unit0rcup7533
5ewing, Embroidery and PeIated Workers

Sewing, embroidery and related workers sew to-
gellei, ieaii, ienovale and decoiale gaimenls,
gloves and ollei ioducls ol lexlile, lui, ligll
leather and other materials and fabricate tents,
sails, awnings and laiaulins. Tley woil mainly
by hand, using a needle and thread, but may per-
form some tasks using a sewing machine.
Tasls include
(a) ieaiiing deleclive oi damaged oilions ol
cloths or garments by hand, using matching
lliead and needle;
(L) iemoving slilcles liom gaimenls lo Le al-
leied, using iieis oi iazoi Llades;
(c) selecting thread according to specications
or colour of parts, or dyeing thread to match
coloui and slade ol cloll lo Le dained;
(d) patching holes, sewing tears and ripped seams,
or darning defects in items, using needle and
lliead;
(e) pulling knots to the wrong sides of garments,
using lools;
(f) trimming ends with scissors to make mended
portions look uniform with the pattern of
cloll;
(g) sewing oinamenlal designs Ly land ovei
stamped, printed or stencilled patterns on
laLiic, using needle and colouied lliead;
(h) embroidering ornamental designs on cloth by
hand or machine, using needle and coloured
lliead;
(i) softening leather or shoe material with water
lo ieaie il loi sewing;
(j) sewing oi gluing decoialive liimmings lo ail-
icles sucl as lals, cas oi ollei millineiy;
(l) land-sewing umLiella coveis lo liames,
lacling covei lo iiLs along seams, sewing
corners to tips of ribs and sewing ties to out-
side ol covei lo lold umLiella wlen lolded;
(l) fabricating and assembling thick cloth,
canvas and similai maleiials inlo sails, awn-
ings, tarpaulins and tents.
y Embroiderer
y Sewer
y Umbrella maker
y Diessmalei 7531
Unit0rcup7534
UphoIsterers and PeIated Workers

Upholsterers and related workers install, repair
and ielace ulolsleiy ol luiniluie, lxluies, oi-
lloaedic aliances, seals, anels, conveiliLle
and vinyl los and ollei luinislings ol aulomo-
biles, railway coaches, aircraft, ships and similar
ilems will laLiic, leallei, iexine oi ollei ulol-
sleiy maleiial. Tley also male and ieaii cusl-
ions, quills and malliesses.
Tasls include
(a) discussing upholstery fabric, colour and style
will cuslomeis and ioviding cosl eslimales
loi ulolsleiing luiniluie oi ollei ilems;
(b) making upholstery patterns from sketches,
cuslomei desciilions oi Llueiinls;
(c) laying out, measuring and cutting uphol-
stery materials following patterns, templates,
slelcles oi design secilcalions;
(d) installing, arranging and securing springs,
adding and coveiing maleiial lo luiniluie
liames;
(e) sewing upholstery materials by hand to seam
cuslions and joining seclions ol coveiing
maleiials;
(f) sewing rips or tears in material, or creating
lulling, using needle and lliead;
(g) tacking, gluing or sewing ornamental trims,
buckles, braids, buttons and other accesso-
iies lo coveis oi liames on ulolsleied ilems;
(h) laying out, cutting, fabricating and installing
ulolsleiy in aiiciall, moloi velicles, iailway
cais, Loals and slis;
(i) ieaiiing iaw lide coveiings ol aililicial
limLs;
(j) ienovaling anlique luiniluie using a vaiiely
of tools including ripping chisels, magnetic
lammeis and long needles;
(k) collaborating with interior designers to dec-
orate rooms and coordinate furnishing fab-
iics;
(l) maling quills, cuslions and malliesses.
y Furniture upholsterer
y Malliess malei
y Orthopaedic upholsterer
y Vehicle upholsterer
Unit0rcup7535
PeIt Dressers, Tanners and FeIImongers

Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers trim,
sciae, clean, lan, Lu and dye animal lides, ells
or skins to produce leather stock and nished furs
for making garments and other products.
Tasls include
(a) sorting and grading pelts, hides and skins ac-
coiding lo coloui, slading, size and densily;
(L) sciaing ailicles ol esl, lal oi ioleclive
tissue from skins or pelts to clean and soften
llem;
(c) iemoving laii liom slin oi lides soaled in
lime walei;
(d) ieaiing lides Ly cuiing llem will sall;
(e) iemoving long, coaise laii liom ells and
liimming undeilying laii lo even lengll;
(l) lanning and diessing ells lo imiove luslie
and beauty or to restore the natural appear-
ance ol ells;
(g) ieaiing Lail and myioLalan liquoi loi
liealing lides oi slins;
(h) treating hides and skins in tanning solution
lo conveil llem inlo leallei;
(i) tinting or dyeing furs to enhance natural
slades ol lui;
(j) iemoving wiinlles and selling giains on wel
lides oi slins;
(k) dressing and applying dyes and stains to
leallei;
(l) slielcling and smoolling diessed ells;
(m) seasoning leather by applying chemical solu-
lion oi oil evenly onlo lle suilace Ly land
brush and allowing it to dry in open air.
y Fellmonger
y Pelt grader
y Tannei
y Tanning macline oeialoi 8155
Unit0rcup7536
5hoemakers and PeIated Workers

Shoemakers and related workers make, modify
and repair standard, custom or orthopaedic
footwear and natural or synthetic leather articles
sucl as luggage, landLags and Lells (excel loi
leallei gaimenls, lals and gloves), oi ailiciale
in the manufacture of shoes and related goods.
Tley decoiale, ieinloice oi lnisl sloes, luggage,
handbags and belts.
Tasls include
(a) making, modifying and repairing standard
loolweai lo meel individual iequiiemenls;
(b) making, modifying and repairing ortho-
paedic or therapeutic footwear according to
doclois` iesciilions, oi modilying exisling
footwear for people with foot problems and
secial needs;
(c) repairing belts, luggage, purses and similar
ioducls;
(d) taking plaster casts of deformed legs or feet
lo ieaie diawings;
(e) preparing inserts, heel pads and lifts from
casls ol cuslomeis` leel;
(f) studying drawings and other specications
to make footwear according to customers
needs;
(g) sludying woil oideis and/oi sloe ail lags
to obtain information about workloads,
specications and the types of materials to
Le used;
(l) clecling lle lexluie, coloui and sliengll ol
leallei lo ensuie llal il is adequale loi a ai-
liculai uiose;
(i) cutting out, shaping and padding parts for
maling leallei ailicles;
(j) sewing rips or patching holes to repair art-
icles sucl as uises, Lells, sloes and luggage;
(l) iemoving and examining sloes, sloe ails
and designs lo veiily conloimily will secil-
cations, such as proper embedding of stitches
in clannels;
(l) attaching accessories or ornamentation to
decoiale oi iolecl ioducls;
(m) making and repairing articles such as sad-
dles and harnesses for animals, luggage,
handbags, briefcases, leather bags, belts and
other accessories.
y Cobbler
y Orthopaedic shoemaker
y Saddler
y Shoemaker
y !uiiiei 7531
y Hallei 7531
y Sloe ioduclion macline oeialoi 8156
Mincr0rcup754
Dther Craft and PeIated Workers
Other craft and related workers work under the surface of water, using underwater breathing
aaialus; osilion, assemLle and delonale exlosives; insecl and lesl iaw maleiials and
manulacluied comonenls and ioducls; and iemove unwanled oiganisms lo ievenl damage
lo cios and Luildings and ollei sliucluies. Tlis giou includes ollei liade and ciall occua-
lions nol classiled elsewleie in Majoi Giou 7: Ciall and Relaled Tiades Woileis.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ensuiing salely iecaulions; eiloiming vaiious undeiwalei
lasls; loading exlosives inlo Llasl loles; mixing clemicals accoiding lo insliuclions; oei-
aling and moniloiing equimenl loi siaying esls and weeds.
7541 Underwater Divers
7542 5hotrers and BIasters
7543 Product Sraders and Testers (excIuding Foods and Beverages)
7544 Fumigators and Dther Pest and Weed ControIIers
7549 Craft and PeIated Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup7541
Underwater Divers
\ndeiwalei diveis woil undei lle suilace ol
water, with or without the aid of underwater
breathing apparatus, to inspect, install, repair
and iemove equimenl and sliucluies, conducl
lesls oi exeiimenls, iig exlosives, lologial
sliucluies oi maiine lile, collecl vaiious loims ol
aqualic lile loi commeicial oi ieseaicl uioses,
and lnd and iecovei missing ilems and eisons.
Tasls include
(a) taking safety precautions, such as monitoring
dive lenglls and dells, and iegisleiing will
aulloiilies Leloie diving exedilions Legin;
(L) clecling and mainlaining diving equimenl
sucl as lelmels, masls, aii lanls, diving
suils, lainesses and gauges;
(c) descending inlo walei will lle aid ol divei
leleis, using scuLa geai oi diving suils;
(d) working under water to lay and repair
Liidges, ieis and laiLoui-wall loundalions;
(e) inspecting for suspected damage and making
minor repairs to ships hulls and underwater
inslallalions;
(l) ieoiling on lle condilion ol wiecled slis;
(g) iemoving undeiwalei oLsliuclions;
(l) diilling loles loi undeiwalei Llasling;
(i) eiloiming vaiious undeiwalei lasls con-
necled will salvage woil oi iecoveiing dead
Lodies;
(j) galleiing slelllsl, songes and ollei aqualic
lile loims;
(k) communicating with workers on the surface
while under water, using signal lines or tel-
elones;
(l) oLlaining inloimalion aLoul diving lasls
and enviionmenlal condilions.
y Oyslei divei
y Salvage liogman
y Songe divei
y Underwater worker
y SuLsislence divei 6340
Unit0rcup7542
5hotrers and BIasters

Shotrers and blasters position, assemble and
delonale exlosives al mining, quaiiying and
demolition sites.
Tasls include
(a) ensuiing llal woillace salely and exlo-
sives landling, sloiage and liansoil io-
ceduies and iegulalions aie lollowed;
(L) lanning and giving insliuclions loi lle
layoul, dell and diamelei ol Llasl loles;
(c) clecling dell and cleanliness ol Llasl loles;
(d) deleimining quanlily and lye ol exlosives
lo Le used;
(e) loading exlosives inlo Llasl loles;
(f) assembling, or directing other workers to as-
semble, primer charges using detonators and
exlosive cailiidges, and allacling elecliical
wiies, luses and delonaling coids lo iimeis;
(g) connecting wires, fuses and detonator cords
into series, testing electrical circuits and re-
pairing malfunctions, and connecting series
lo Llasling maclines;
(l) coveiing claiges, llling Llasl loles will iocl
dust, sand and other materials, and tamping
maleiial lo comacl claiges;
(i) ensuiing llal all exlosives aie delonaled,
and ieoiling and allending lo mislies;
(j) declaring blast areas safe before and after
delonalion ol exlosives;
(k) compiling and maintaining records about
usage ol exlosives in comliance will laws
and regulations.
y Blaster
y Powderman
y Powder monkey
y Shotrer
y Mining sueivisoi 3121
y Diillei (mining) 8111
y Diillei (oil oi gas well) 8113
y Mining laLouiei 9311
y Quaiiy laLouiei 9311
Unit0rcup7543
ProductSradersandTesters
(excIuding Foods and Beverages)
Pioducl giadeis and lesleis (excluding loods and
Leveiages) insecl, lesl, soil, samle and weigl iaw
materials, manufactured components and non-co-
mestible goods produced or sold, to ensure com-
liance will qualily slandaids, lo idenlily delecls,
weai and devialions liom secilcalions, and lo
giade and classily llem accoiding lo lleii qualily.
Tasls include
(a) inspecting and testing products, parts and
materials for conformity with specications
and slandaids;
(L) giading and classilying naluial lexlile lLies
loi sinning and winding;
(c) discarding or rejecting products, materials
and equimenl nol meeling secilcalions;
(d) analysing and interpreting blueprints, data,
manuals and other materials to determine
specifications, inspection and testing pro-
ceduies;
(e) nolilying sueivisois and ollei eisonnel ol
production problems, and assisting in identi-
lying and coiiecling llese ioLlems;
(f) recording inspection or test data such as
weights, temperatures, grades or moisture
conlenl, and quanlilies insecled oi giaded;
(g) marking items with details such as grade and
accelance oi iejeclion slalus;
(h) measuring dimensions of products using in-
struments such as rulers, callipers, gauges or
miciomeleis;
(i) analysing test data and making computa-
tions as necessary to determine test results.
y Product grader
y Quality inspector
y Wool classer
y Pioducl salely insecloi 3257
y !ood giadei 7515
y !ui giadei 7531
y Pell giadei 7535
Unit0rcup7544
Fumigators and Dther Pest and Weed ControIIers

Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers
use clemicals lo iemove laimlul insecls, small
animals, wild plants and other unwanted organ-
isms, lo ievenl damage lo cios and lo Luild-
ings and other structures and their surroundings,
and lo ievenl lealll iisls.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing and moniloiing equimenl loi
siaying esls and weeds;
(L) mixing clemicals accoiding lo insliuclions;
(c) coveiing aieas lo seciled dells will es-
ticides, applying knowledge of weather con-
dilions, diolel sizes, elevalion-lo-dislance
ialios, and oLsliuclions;
(d) spraying or releasing chemical solutions or
loxic gases, and selling lias lo lill esls and
veimin, sucl as mice, leimiles and ioacles;
(e) lifting, pushing and swinging nozzles, hoses
and luLes in oidei lo diiecl siay ovei des-
ignaled aieas;
(f) lling sprayer tanks with water and chemi-
cals;
(g) cleaning and seivicing maclineiy lo ensuie
operating efciency.
y Fumigator
y Pest controller
y Weed controller
y Aeiial cio siayei 3153
Unit0rcup7549
Craft and PeIated Workers

Tlis giou coveis ciall and liade occualions
nol classiled elsewleie in Majoi Giou 7: Ciall
and Relaled Tiades Woileis. !oi inslance, lle
group includes those who mould, slice, grind
and polish optical lenses and those who arrange
oweis loi dislay.
(a) heating, moulding and pressing optical glass
lo male lens Llanls;
(b) grinding and polishing lens blanks.
y Flower arranger
y Optical lens nisher
y Optical lens moulder
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 8 Planl and Macline Oeialois and AssemLleis 313
Ma|cr0rcup8
PLANTANDMACH!NEDPEPATDP5ANDA55EMBLEP5
Plant and machine operators and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural
maclineiy and equimenl on lle sol oi Ly iemole conliol; diive and oeiale liains, moloi
velicles and moLile maclineiy and equimenl; oi assemLle ioducls liom comonenl ails
according to strict specications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupa-
lions in llis majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tle woil mainly calls loi exeiience will and an undeislanding ol indusliial and agiiculluial
maclineiy and equimenl, as well as an aLilily lo coe will macline-aced oeialions and
lo adal lo leclnological innovalions.
Tasls eiloimed Ly lanl and macline oeialois and assemLleis usually include: oeialing
and moniloiing mining oi ollei indusliial maclineiy and equimenl loi iocessing melal,
mineials, glass, ceiamics, wood, aei oi clemicals; oeialing and moniloiing maclineiy
and equimenl used lo ioduce ailicles made ol melal, mineials, clemicals, iuLLei, las-
lics, wood, aei, lexliles, lui oi leallei, and wlicl iocess loodslus and ielaled ioducls;
diiving and oeialing liains and moloi velicles; diiving, oeialing and moniloiing moLile
indusliial and agiiculluial maclineiy and equimenl; and assemLling ioducls liom com-
onenl ails accoiding lo sliicl secilcalions and ioceduies. Sueivision ol ollei woileis
may be included.
81 5tationary PIant and Machine Dperators
82 AssembIers
83 Drivers and MobiIe PIant Dperators
Note
Oeialois ol maclineiy llal involves aulomaled conliol ol mullile iocesses oi lunclions aie included
in Minoi Giou 313: Piocess Conliol Teclnicians.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup81
5tationary PIant and Machine Dperators
Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, ma-
clineiy and equimenl, oi loi wlicl moLilily is nol an inlegial ail ol oeialion. Comelenl
eiloimance in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO
slill level.
Tle woil mainly calls loi exeiience will and an undeislanding ol lle indusliial lanl, ma-
clineiy oi equimenl Leing oeialed and moniloied. ALilily lo coe will macline-aced
oeialions and lo adal lo innovalions in maclineiy and equimenl aie ollen iequiied.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: selling u, oeialing and
moniloiing a vaiiely ol slalionaiy lanl and maclineiy; delecling mallunclions and laling
coiieclive aclion; examining oululs loi delecls and conloimily will secilcalions and ad-
jusling macline sellings accoidingly; eiloiming mainlenance, ieaiis and cleaning; iecoiding
dala and mainlaining ioduclion iecoids. Sueivision ol ollei woileis may Le included.
811 Mining and MineraI Processing PIant Dperators
812 MetaI Processing and Finishing PIant Dperators
813 ChemicaI and Photographic Products PIant and Machine Dperators
814 Pubber, PIastic and Paper Products Machine Dperators
815 TextiIe, Fur and Leather Products Machine Dperators
816 Food and PeIated Products Machine Dperators
817 Wood Processing and Papermaking PIant Dperators
818 Dther 5tationary PIant and Machine Dperators
Note
Oeialois ol maclineiy llal involves aulomaled conliol ol mullile iocesses oi lunclions aie included
in Minoi Giou 313: Piocess Conliol Teclnicians.
Mincr0rcup811
Mining and MineraI Processing PIant Dperators
Mining and mineial iocessing lanl oeialois moniloi and oeiale lanl and maclineiy and
oeiale land lools lo exliacl iocls and mineials liom lle eaill, iocess mineials and slone,
drill wells and bores, and manufacture and nish cement and stone products.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: selling u, oeialing and moniloiing a vaiiely ol mining and
mineial iocessing lanl and maclineiy sucl as diilling iigs and auxiliaiy maclines and equi-
menl, conlinuous mining maclineiy, and culling, ciusling, giinding, uming and mixing
lanl and maclineiy; oeialing wasling, seaialing, exliacling and comLining equimenl lo
iemove wasle and iecovei mineials; oeialing lanl and maclineiy lo male cemenl, conciele,
aililcial slone, and iecasl conciele and slone ioducls; moniloiing lle eiloimance ol a
vaiiely ol lanl and maclineiy, delecling mallunclions and laling coiieclive aclion; eiloiming
lanl and maclineiy mainlenance, ieaiis and cleaning; and mainlaining ioduclion iecoids.
8111 MinersandDuarriers
8112 MineraI and 5tone Processing PIant Dperators
8113 WeII DriIIers and Borers and PeIated Workers
8114 Cement, 5tone and Dther MineraI Products Machine Dperators
Note
Mining sueivisois aie classiled in \nil Giou 3121: Mining Sueivisois.
Unit0rcup8111
MinersandDuarriers
Mineis and quaiiieis oeiale lanl, maclineiy
and land lools lo exliacl iocls, mineial oies and
other deposits from underground and surface
mines and quaiiies.
Tasls include
(a) positioning, operating and monitoring the
eiloimance ol a vaiiely ol undeigiound and
suilace mining equimenl including conlin-
uous mining, culling and clannelling lanl;
(L) selling u and oeialing diilling equimenl in
undeigiound and suilace mines and quaiiies;
(c) operating machinery and using hand or
owei lools lo iemove loosened iocl, oie,
coal and ollei deosils;
(d) preparing, tting and installing supports in
undeigiound woilings including iocl Lolls;
(e) operating machinery to open new shafts,
diives, aii venls and iises;
(l) oeialing auxiliaiy lanl sucl as ums lo
exel aii, walei and mud;
(g) performing minor maintenance and repairs
and lubricating and cleaning plant, machines
and lools;
(h) completing records detailing operations
comleled duiing slills;
(i) collecting mineral samples for laboratory
analysis.
y Bogger operator
y Continuous miner operator
y Diagline oeialoi (mining)
y Diillei (mining)
y Jumbo operator
y Minei
y Mining lanl oeialoi
y Quarrier
y Roof bolter (mining)
y Mining sueivisoi 3121
y Blaslei 7542
y Slolliei 7542
y Mining laLouiei 9311
y Quaiiy laLouiei 9311
Unit0rcup8112
MineraI and 5tone Processing PIant Dperators

Mineial and slone iocessing lanl oeialois
moniloi and oeiale maclineiy and equi-
ment for processing rocks, minerals and stone
lo iecovei ielned ioducls loi immediale use oi
further processing.
Tasls include
(a) setting up and operating stationary plant and
machinery which grind, crush, cut, saw and
slice rocks, minerals and stones according to
lle secilcalions loi lle joL;
(b) positioning blocks and slabs of stone onto ma-
clines loi sawing, culling and luillei woiling;
(c) moniloiing and mainlaining lle ow ol un-
processed rocks, minerals and stones from
conveyois inlo maclines;
(d) operating washing, separating, leaching,
ieciilaling, llleiing, exliacling and com-
Lining equimenl lo iemove wasle maleiial
and iecovei mineials;
(e) comLining mineial oies will solvenls lo la-
cililale luillei iocessing;
(f) separating metal and mineral concentrates
liom oie and alluvial deosils Ly lliclening,
llolalion, giavily seaialion, lillialion, oi
magnelic and eleclioslalic seaialion;
(g) oLseiving meleis, gauges and conliol anels,
adjusling valves and conliols lo ensuie lle
sale and emcienl oeialion ol equimenl, de-
tecting malfunctions and assisting with plant
and maclineiy mainlenance and ieaii;
(l) examining iocessed maleiials visually oi
with hands to ensure compliance with estab-
lished standards and job specications, and
collecling samles loi lesling in laLoialoiies;
(i) recording information about processing
comleled duiing slills, sucl as quanlilies,
lyes and dimensions ol maleiials ioduced;
(j) soiling, slacling and moving iocessed min-
erals and stone for packaging, further pro-
cessing or shipping.
y Coal washer
y Crusher operator (mineral or stone
processing)
y Flotation worker (mineral processing)
y Gold ieciilaloi
y Macline oeialoi (slone culling oi
processing)
y Milling macline oeialoi (mineials)
y Stone cutter (hand or hand-powered
lools) 7113
y Slonemason 7113
lools) 7113
y Stone splitter (hand or hand-powered
lools) 7113
y Macline oeialoi (casl slone
ioduclion) 8114
y Slone olisling macline oeialoi 8114
Unit0rcup8113
WeII DriIIers and Borers and PeIated Workers

Well drillers and borers and related workers pos-
ition, assemble and operate drilling machinery
and ielaled equimenl lo sinl wells, exliacl iocl
samles, liquids and gases, oi loi a vaiiely ol
other purposes.
Tasls include
(a) dismanlling, moving and assemLling diilling
iigs and auxiliaiy equimenl;
(b) assembling and dismantling pipes, casings
and drill heads, and replacing dysfunctional
equimenl;
(c) operating controls to lower and raise drill
pipes and casings in and out of wells, regulate
pressure in the well and control the speed of
lools;
(d) ieaiing diilling uid and clecling lle o-
eialion ol ums lo ensuie adequale ciicula-
lion ol uid in diill ies and wells;
(e) monitoring gauges and other indicators, lis-
lening lo equimenl lo delecl mallunclions
and unusual well conditions, and determining
lle need lo clange diilling oi equimenl;
(f) maintaining, adjusting, repairing and cleaning
diilling iigs, loisling and ollei maclineiy;
(g) mainlaining iecoids ol diilling and seivicing
oeialions;
(l) oeialing maclines and lools lo exliacl dusl,
cullings and losl and Liolen diilling equi-
menl liom loles and wells;
(i) closing and sealing wells no longei in use;
(j) sueivising and liaining ciew memLeis.
y Bore sinker
y Boiing equimenl oeialoi
y Deiiiclman
y Deiiicl oeialoi
y Develomenlal diillei
y Diieclional diillei
y Diillei (oil oi gas well)
y Diilling lanl oeialoi
y Diilling iig oeialoi
y Power-tong operator
y Tooluslei
y Touiuslei
y Blaslei 7542
y Minei 8111
y Quaiiiei 8111
Unit0rcup8114
Cement, 5tone and Dther MineraI Products

Machine Dperators
Cement, stone and other mineral products ma-
chine operators monitor and operate machines
for manufacturing and finishing precast con-
crete, bitumen and stone products, and making
cast stone for building purposes.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing exliusion, moulding, mixing,
pumping, compacting, grinding and cutting
machinery to manufacture and nish precast
conciele and slone ioducls;
(b) operating plant to produce cement, lime and
clinker, including loading and unloading
ingredients and operating continuous feed
equimenl sucl as ums and conveyois;
(c) operating plant and machines which weigh
and mix sand, giavel, cemenl, walei and
ollei ingiedienls lo male conciele;
(d) operating plant and machinery which as-
semble and ll moulds with concrete and ar-
lilcial slone mixluies, iemove caslings liom
moulds and lnisl suilaces ol iecasl ioducls;
(e) cutting, grinding, drilling, sandblasting
and polishing concrete products and stone
blocks, slabs and products to the specica-
lions loi lle joL;
(f) checking production plans and specications
to determine and select materials, ingredi-
ents, procedures, components, settings and
adjuslmenls loi exliusion, moulding, mixing
and comacling maclines;
(g) monitoring plant and machines during op-
eialion Ly oLseiving insliumenls sucl as
temperature and pressure gauges, adjusting
controls and reporting malfunctions as ne-
cessaiy;
(l) collecling and examining samles ol mix-
tures and nished products for conformity
with specifications and adjusting machine
sellings accoidingly;
(i) checking and maintaining production re-
coids, including inloimalion aLoul quanli-
ties, dimensions and types of materials and
goods ioduced;
(j) arranging and assisting with plant and ma-
chinery maintenance and repair.
y Cast-concrete products machine operator
y Cast-stone products machine operator
y Concrete nishing machine operator
y Concrete production machine operator
y Industrial diamond polishing machine
operator
y Stone polishing machine operator
lools) 7113
y Slone iocessing macline oeialoi
8112
y Lxliuding clay iess oeialoi 8181
y Kiln oeialoi (Liicl, olleiy oi liles)
8181
Note
Lxamles ol ioducls ioduced Ly oeialois ol lanl and
maclines in llis unil giou include: mixed conciele loi
use in civil engineeiing and consliuclion iojecls, ag-
stones, concrete bricks and tiles, fencing posts, moulded
pipe sections and trench liners, concrete railway sleepers,
walling and partition slabs, building components, cable
conduils, lume and dusl exliaclion conduils, aLiasive
wheels and outdoor furniture.
Mincr0rcup812
MetaI Processing and Finishing PIant Dperators
Melal iocessing and lnisling lanl oeialois moniloi and oeiale single-lunclion iocess
conliol maclineiy and equimenl lo conliol lle conveision, iocessing and lnisling ol min-
eral ores and metals.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: selling u, ieaiing and adjusling melal and oie iocessing
and lnisling maclineiy; cooidinaling and moniloiing lle oeialion ol a ailiculai asecl ol
melal iocessing ioduclion and lnisling; veiilying equimenl loi mallunclions, moniloiing
gauges, caiiying oul iouline oeialing lesls and aiianging loi mainlenance; clecling, lesling
and analysing samle ioducls; iecoiding dala and wiiling ioduclion logs.
8121 MetaI Processing PIant Dperators
8122 MetaI Finishing, PIating and Coating Machine Dperators
Unit0rcup8121
MetaI Processing PIant Dperators

Melal iocessing lanl oeialois moniloi,
operate, adjust and maintain single-function
iocess maclineiy and equimenl lo iocess
and conveil mineial oies and ielne, laiden, ioll
and exliude melals.
Tasls include
(a) setting up, preparing and adjusting mineral
ore and metal processing machinery to carry
oul one sle in lle oveiall mineial oie oi
melal iocessing oeialion;
(b) operating single-function machinery to grind,
seaiale, lllei, mix, lieal, casl, ioll, ielne oi
olleiwise iocess melals and mineial oies;
(c) oLseiving gauges, meleis, comulei iinl-
ouls, video monilois and ioducls lo ensuie
lle coiiecl oeialion ol maclines and veiily
seciled iocessing condilions;
(d) adjusling equimenl, valves, ums, conliols
(e) controlling the preparation, measuring and
feeding of raw materials and processing
agenls inlo lle lanl;
(f) controlling process start-up and shut-down,
iocess equimenl;
(g) veiilying equimenl loi mallunclions, cai-
rying out routine operating tests and ar-
(h) analysing sample products, performing tests,
y Ladle pourer
y Melal exliusion lanl oeialoi
y Melal leal liealing oeialoi
y Steel roller
y Blasl luinace oeialoi 3135
y Cenlial conliol caslei 3135
y Rolling mill conliol oeialoi 3135
y Melal coaling macline oeialoi 8122
Unit0rcup8122
MetaIFinishing,PIatingandCoatingMachine
Dperators
Melal linisling, laling and coaling macline
oeialois moniloi and oeiale equimenl wlicl
nishes, plates and coats metal articles or parts
in oidei lo give llem imioved iesislance lo
coiiosion and aLiasion, loi decoialive uioses,
or to impart electrical or magnetic properties.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing and moniloiing equimenl wlicl
cleans metal articles in preparation for elec-
liolaling, galvanizing, enamelling oi similai
iocesses;
(b) operating and monitoring electroplating
equimenl;
(c) oeialing and moniloiing lol-di equimenl
used lo coal iion and sleel ioducls;
(d) operating and monitoring machines which
automatically coat wire with non-ferrous
melal;
(e) oeialing and moniloiing equimenl used
to spray molten metal or other substances
onlo melal ioducls lo iovide a ioleclive
oi decoialive coaling oi lo Luild u woin oi
damaged suilaces;
(l) oeialing and moniloiing equimenl used lo
impart a rust-resistant nish to metal articles
by treating them with chemicals and heating
llem;
(g) checking proper thickness of plating using
miciomeleis, callieis oi ollei devices, ie-
coiding dala and wiiling ioduclion logs;
(l) ieaiing and mixing melallizing solulions
according to formulas or specications.
y Melal coaling macline oeialoi
y Melal lnisling macline oeialoi
y Melal laling macline oeialoi
y Melal olisling macline oeialoi
y Melal ioduclion iocess conliollei 3135
y Velicle ainlei 7132
Mincr0rcup813
ChemicaI and Photographic Products PIant and Machine Dperators
Chemical and photographic products plant and machine operators monitor and operate ma-
clines wlicl iocess a vaiiely ol clemicals and ollei ingiedienls lo ioduce laimaceulicals,
loileliies, exlosives and lologialic oi ollei clemical ioducls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing and moniloiing maclines and equimenl wlicl
Llend, mix, aclage and olleiwise iocess clemicals and clemical ioducls lo give llem lle
desiied ioeilies loi luillei indusliial ioduclion, oi lo male lnisled ioducls. Sueivision
8131 ChemicaI Products PIant and Machine Dperators
8132 Photographic Products Machine Dperators
Unit0rcup8131
ChemicaI Products PIant and Machine Dperators

Chemical products plant and machine opera-
tors monitor and operate units and machinery
lo Llend, mix, iocess and aclage a wide iange
of chemical products.
Tasls include
(a) setting up, starting, controlling, adjusting
and sloing maclines and lanl;
(b) monitoring reaction processes and transfers
of products in conformity with safety pro-
ceduies;
(c) monitoring meters, gauges and electronic in-
strumentation on one or more chemical or
loimulalion unils, sucl as mixeis, lellles,
blenders, dryers, or tabletting, encapsula-
lion, gianulalion and coaling maclines;
(d) measuring, weighing and loading chemical
ingiedienls lollowing loimulalion caids;
(e) making samples and performing routine
chemical and physical tests of products and
iecoiding ioduclion dala;
(f) cleaning and performing minor repairs to
machines and plant.
y Candle production machine operator
y Lxlosive ioducls macline oeialoi
y Pharmaceutical and toiletry products
machine operator
y Clemical iocessing lanl conliollei 3133
y Petroleum and natural gas rening plant
oeialoi 3134
Unit0rcup8132
Photographic Products Machine Dperators

Photographic products machine operators op-
eiale and moniloi equimenl wlicl males lo-
tographic lm and paper, and which processes
exosed lologialic llm and males iinls.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing and moniloiing equimenl wlicl
males lologialic llm and aei;
(b) operating, monitoring and testing photo-
gialic iocessing and iinling equimenl,
and mainlaining oeialional slandaids;
(c) ieaiing exosed llm loi dieienl iocessing
Lalcles in dail iooms and dail clamLeis;
(d) inspecting images, lms and prints, and ad-
jusling sellings on iinlmaling equimenl
lo ioduce lle iequiied coloui, Liigllness,
conliasl, numLei, size and lye ol iinls;
(e) adjusting settings and running automatic de-
veloing equimenl;
(l) oeialing equimenl lo lianslei llm lo video-
lae oi ollei eleclionic media;
(g) performing photographic processing-related
lasls;
(l) oeialing aulomalic equimenl (in ielail es-
laLlislmenls) lo develo coloui negalives,
prints and slides.
Examples of occupations classied here:
y Coloui develoei (llm)
y Dailioom leclnician
y Develoing macline oeialoi (lologialy)
y Enlarging machine operator
y Photograph enlarger
y Photographic lm machine operator
y Photographic lm printer
y Photographic processor
y Photograph printer
y Plologialei 3431
y Plololillogialei 7321
Mincr0rcup814
Pubber, PIastic and Paper Products Machine Dperators
Rubber, plastic and paper products machine operators monitor and operate machines which
lnead and Llend iuLLei and iuLLei comounds and ioduce vaiious comonenls and iod-
ucls liom naluial and synllelic iuLLei and laslics, oi ioduce dieienl aei ioducls liom
paper, paperboard, cardboard and similar materials.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing and moniloiing maclines wlicl lnead and Llend
iuLLei and iuLLei comounds and ioduce vaiious comonenls and ioducls liom naluial
and synllelic iuLLei and laslics; oeialing and moniloiing maclines wlicl ioduce vaiious
aei ioducls; examining oululs loi delecls and conloimily lo secilcalions and adjusling
machine settings accordingly.
8141 Pubber Products Machine Dperators
8142 PIastic Products Machine Dperators
8143 Paper Products Machine Dperators
Unit0rcup8141
Pubber Products Machine Dperators

Rubber products machine operators monitor
and operate machines which knead and blend
rubber and rubber compounds and produce
vaiious comonenls and ioducls liom naluial
and synthetic rubber, such as moulded footwear,
domestic articles, insulating materials, industrial
accessories or tyres.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring machines which
lnead, mix and Llend iuLLei and iuLLei
comounds loi luillei iocessing;
(b) operating and monitoring machines which
produce sheets of rubber or rubberized fabric
Ly a iolling iocess;
(c) operating and monitoring machines which
exliude comounded iuLLei oi slae vul-
canized iuLLei Ly moulding;
Luild u lyies on a loim, vulcanize lyies and
mould oi ieLuild used lyies;
(e) examining oululs loi delecls and con-
loimily lo secilcalions;
(f) locating defects and repairing worn and faulty
lyies Ly vulcanizing oi ollei iocesses.
y Ialex woilei
y RuLLei exliuding macline oeialoi
y Rubber milling machine operator
y Rubber moulder
y Rubber products machine operator
y Tyie malei
y Tyie ieaiiei
y Vulcanizer
Unit0rcup8142
PIastic Products Machine Dperators

Plastic products machine operators monitor and
operate machines which knead and blend com-
pounds to obtain plastic materials and which
male vaiious laslic comonenls and ailicles.
Tasls include
knead and blend compounds to obtain
laslic maleiials;
slae laslic maleiials Ly moulding, exliu-
sion, Llowing, culling and ollei means;
laminate plastics and plastic-impregnated
maleiials oi ioduce lLieglass;
(d) encasing uncoated wire, cord, cable and
olic lLie in laslic;
(e) examining oululs loi delecls and con-
loimily lo secilcalions;
(l) iecycling wasle laslic maleiials;
(g) making articial eyes and contact lens discs,
and making and repairing spectacle frames
and plastic parts of orthopaedic appliances.
y Laminated press operator (plastics)
y Optic bre drawer
y Plastic boat builder
y Plastic bottle blowing machine operator
y Plastic cable making machine operator
y Plaslic exliusion macline oeialoi
y Plastic moulder
y Plastic products machine operator
Unit0rcup8143
Paper Products Machine Dperators

Paper products machine operators monitor and
oeiale maclines wlicl ioduce Loxes, enve-
lopes, bags and other goods from paper, paper-
board, cardboard and similar materials.
Tasls include
glue paper to cardboard, cut it to the re-
quiied lengll oi cul and ciease caidLoaid
oi aeiLoaid lo loim Lox Llanls;
(b) operating and monitoring pressing machines
which form drinking cups or other containers
liom aei, aeiLoaid oi caidLoaid;
cul, lold and glue aei lo male enveloes
and paper bags, or which form bags from
other similar material.
y Macline oeialoi (caidLoaid ioducls)
y Macline oeialoi (enveloe and aei
bag production)
y Macline oeialoi (aei Lox ioduclion)
y Paper products machine operator
y Papier mach moulder
Mincr0rcup815
TextiIe, Fur and Leather Products Machine Dperators
Texlile, lui and leallei ioducls macline oeialois moniloi and oeiale vaiious lyes ol ma-
clines wlicl ieaie, iocess and lieal lLies, yain, lliead, leallei oi lui; ioduce, modily and
ieaii loolweai and gaimenls; and manulacluie oi diy clean lexliles, lui oi ligll leallei ailicles.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing and moniloiing weaving and lnilling maclines
wlicl iocess yain oi lliead inlo woven, non-woven and lnilled ioducls; oeialing and
monitoring machines which prepare bres, and spin, double, twist and wind yarn and thread
liom naluial lexlile lLies; oeialing and moniloiing sewing maclines lo male, ieaii, dain
and ienovale lexlile, lui, synllelic oi leallei gaimenls oi emLioidei oinamenlal designs on
gaimenls oi ollei maleiials; oeialing and moniloiing maclines wlicl Lleacl, sliinl, dye
and olleiwise lieal lLies, yain and cloll, oi wlicl diy clean gaimenls, lui, iugs and caiels;
oeialing and moniloiing vaiious maclines wlicl ieaie leallei oi lieal lui- oi wool-Leaiing
ells; oeialing and moniloiing maclines wlicl ioduce, modily and ieaii slandaid, cuslom
or orthopaedic footwear and leather articles such as luggage, briefcases and handbags.
8151 Fibre Preparing, 5pinning and Winding Machine Dperators
8152 Weaving and Knitting Machine Dperators
8153 5ewing Machine Dperators
8154 BIeaching, Dyeing and Fabric CIeaning Machine Dperators
8155 Fur and Leather Preparing Machine Dperators
8156 5hoemaking and PeIated Machine Dperators
8157 Laundry Machine Dperators
8159 TextiIe, Fur and Leather Products Machine Dperators Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup8151
Fibre Preparing, 5pinning and Winding Machine

Dperators
Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine
operators monitor and operate machines which
prepare bres, and spin, double, twist and wind
yain and lliead liom naluial lexlile lLies. Tley
twist two or more strands of yarn to prepare
single sliongei, smoollei, uniloim and leaviei
sliands, and lieal lexliles lo male llem sli and
water resistant.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring machines for
leaiing woollen iags inlo lLie;
(b) operating and monitoring machines for
cleaning and turning woollen yarn waste into
ued wool;
comLine lexlile lLies inlo uniloim Llends;
clean and u lexlile lLies, liansloim llem
inlo slivei, comL llem inlo slivei loi liisl
diawing, comLine sliveis inlo slivei la oi
slivei las inlo iiLLon la;
(e) oeialing diaw liames (maclines) laving
numbers of drawing sets, each set combining
seveial sliveis inlo one ol neaily lle same
weight and thickness as any of the original
sliveis;
(f) operating and monitoring machines which
sin lliead and yain liom ioving, wind lwo
or more threads onto a bobbin, twist two or
more strands of yarn or thread into single
strands of yarn to increase strength, smooth-
ness and/oi uniloimily ol yain, oi wind yain
oi lliead liom one aclage lo anollei;
(g) operating and monitoring spinning frames
llal diaw oul and lwisl ioving oi slivei inlo
yain;
(h) operating and monitoring machines for
diawing sliveis ieceived liom diawing ma-
clines inlo loosely lwisled sliands;
(i) ieaiing sizing loi use in sliening and ln-
isling cloll and yain Ly mixing ingiedienls
such as starch, tallow, resins and soaps with
walei and Loiling mixluie loi seciled limes
in sleam;
(j) liealing lexliles will clemicals lo male llem
walei iesislanl;
(k) cleaning rollers and cylinders of carding ma-
clines lo iemove wool wasle;
(l) operating and resurfacing metal drawing
iolls ol vaiious sinning, comLing and la-
ping machines with new rubber or leather
coveis.
y Fibre combing machine operator
y Fibre preparing machine operator
y Tliead and yain sinning macline
operator
y Tliead and yain lwisling macline
operator
y Tliead and yain winding macline
operator
Unit0rcup8152
Weaving and Knitting Machine Dperators

Weaving and lnilling macline oeialois sel
u, oeiale and moniloi weaving and lnilling
machines which process yarn or thread into
woven, non-woven and lnilled ioducls sucl
as cloth, lace, carpets, industrial fabric, hosiery
and lnilled gaimenls, oi lo quill and emLioidei
fabric.
Tasls include
(a) setting up and operating batteries of auto-
matic, link-type knitting machines to knit
gaimenls ol seciled allein and design;
(b) threading yarn, thread and fabric through
guides, needles and rollers of machines for
weaving, lnilling oi ollei iocessing;
(c) tending automatic looms that simultaneously
weave ile yain, llling yain and wai yain
material to produce carpets and rugs with
vaiious colouied designs;
(d) operating and monitoring looms on which
yarn or twist is intersected and knotted at
iegulai inleivals lo loim mesl;
(e) operating and monitoring large automatic
multi-needle machines to embroider material
oi lo sew lenglls ol seveial layeis ol maleiial lo
male yaid goods, quills oi malliess coveiings;
(f) tending circular knitting machines with au-
tomatic pattern controls that knit seamless
lose;
(g) operating and monitoring knitting machines
lo lnil losieiy lo slae ol lool and leg;
(h) operating and monitoring machines for knit-
ting heels and toes of socks into ribs or tops
cul liom ciiculai laLiic;
(i) operating and monitoring machines which
seam oenings in loes ol socls;
(j) operating and monitoring crochet machines
to knit lace, trimming, etc. of desired pat-
leins oi design;
(l) examining looms lo deleimine causes ol
loom stoppage, such as warp lling, harness
Lieals oi meclanical delecls;
(l) ieaiiing oi ielacing woin oi deleclive nee-
dles and ollei comonenls;
(m) cleaning, oiling and lubricating machines,
using air hoses, cleaning solutions, rags, oil
cans and/oi giease guns.
y Caiel weaving macline oeialoi
y Knitting machine operator
y Net production machine operator
y Weaving macline oeialoi
y Caiel weavei 7318
y Cloll weavei 7318
y Knillei 7318
Unit0rcup8153
5ewing Machine Dperators

Sewing machine operators monitor and operate
sewing machines to make, repair, darn and ren-
ovale lexlile, lui, synllelic oi leallei gaimenls,
or embroider ornamental designs on garments
oi ollei maleiials. Tley oeiale Lullonlole
making and eyelet holing machines to cut holes,
slilcl aiound loles, slilcl Lullons and lx eyelels
to garments.
Tasls include
(a) operating or tending sewing machines to
perform garment sewing operations such as
joining, reinforcing, seaming or decorating
gaimenls oi gaimenl ails;
(b) attaching buttons, hooks, zippers, fasteners
or other accessories to fabric, using feeding
loeis oi clam loldeis;
(c) tending semiautomatic sewing machines with
multiple-sewing heads controlled by pattern
clains llal emLioidei vaiious designs on
gaimenls;
(d) operating machines such as single or double
needle seigeis and al-Led lelling maclines
to automatically join, reinforce or decorate
maleiial oi ailicles;
(e) operating fur sewing machines to join fur
ell sliis lo iequiied size and slae and join
ells inlo gaimenl seclions oi slells;
(f) operating stitching machines to sew leather
parts together for leather garments, hand-
Lags, gloves oi similai ilems;
(g) monitoring machine operations to detect
ioLlems sucl as deleclive slilcling, Lieals
in lliead oi macline mallunclions;
(l) eiloiming equimenl mainlenance lasls
such as replacing needles.
y Embroidery machine operator
y Sewing machine operator
y !uiiiei 7531
y Tailoi 7531
y LmLioideiei 7533
y Sewei 7533
Unit0rcup8154
BIeaching, Dyeing and Fabric

CIeaning Machine Dperators
Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine
operators operate and monitor machines that
bleach, shrink, dye and otherwise treat bres,
yarn or cloth.
Tasls include
(a) slailing and conliolling maclines and equi-
ment to bleach, dye or otherwise process and
lnisl laLiic, yain, lliead and/oi ollei lexlile
goods;
(L) lending maclines llal sliinl woven oi lnilled
cloth to predetermined size or strengthen the
weave Ly inleilocling lle lLies;
(c) lending a vaiiely ol aulomalic maclines llal
comL and olisl luis;
(d) operating and monitoring machines that
lieal sill lo give il Lody and weigll;
(e) operating and monitoring machines that im-
iegnale lexliles will clemicals lo iendei
llem waleiiool;
(f) dyeing articles to change or restore their col-
ouis;
(g) operating and monitoring machines that
stretch or impart lustre or other type of nish
lo lexliles;
(l) lending and iegulaling equimenl llal lumi-
gales and iemoves loieign mallei liom luis;
(i) operating machines that comb, dry and
polish furs, and clean, sterilize and fluff
lealleis and Llanlels;
(j) keying in processing instructions to pro-
giamme eleclionic equimenl;
(l) oLseiving dislay scieens, conliol anels,
equimenl and cloll enleiing oi exiling io-
cesses lo deleimine il equimenl is oeialing
coiieclly;
(l) cleaning machine filters and lubricating
equimenl.
y Fabric bleaching machine operator
y Texlile dyeing macline oeialoi
y Texlile iinlei 7322
y Iaundiy macline oeialoi 8157
y Hand laundeiei 9121
y Hand iessei 9121
Unit0rcup8155
Fur and Leather Preparing Machine Dperators

Fur and leather preparing machine operators
moniloi and oeiale vaiious maclines llal
prepare leather or treat fur- or wool-bearing
ells. Tley liim, sciae, clean, lan, Lu and dye
animal hides, pelts or skins to produce leather
stock and nished furs.
Tasls include
iemove esl and lal liom lides oi ells lo
clean and sollen llem iioi lo iocessing;
iemove long coaise laii liom lui ells, liim
laii lo even lengll and dye, slielcl and
smooll diessed ells;
(c) operating and monitoring machines to
iemove eideimis laii iools, igmenl cells
and lime salls liom lle giain side ol slin;
(d) operating and monitoring machines to reduce
lliclness ol lide oi slin lo uniloim size;
(e) operating and monitoring machines to polish
oi iouglen lides oi slins lo seciled lnisles;
(f) operating and monitoring machines which
seaiale iesidual wool liom slins, oi esl
and laii liom lides;
(g) operating and monitoring machines in which
hides are split edgeways to form two or more
ieces oi lo give uniloim lliclness;
(h) operating and monitoring machines which
lieal lides and slins in solulions lo conveil
llem inlo leallei;
(i) treating surfaces of leather with oil and oper-
aling glazing maclines lo give glossy lnisles
lo leallei;
(j) operating and monitoring machines which
aly dyes and slains lo leallei;
(l) mainlaining and ieaiiing vals and ollei
machinery.
y Hide dehairing machine operator
y Leather staining machine operator
y Tanning macline oeialoi
y Pell diessei 7535
y Tannei 7535
Unit0rcup8156
5hoemaking and PeIated Machine Dperators

Shoemaking and related machine operators
monitor and operate machines which produce
and repair standard or special footwear, handbags
and other accessories, mainly made of leather.
Tasls include
mail alleins and cul sloe ails;
sew shoe parts together, or edge, polish or
aly oinamenls and eiloim lnisling lasls;
produce luggage, handbags, belts and other
accessories, as well as other items such as
saddles, collars or harnesses.
y Macline oeialoi (loolweai ioduclion)
y Handiciall woilei (leallei) 7318
y CoLLlei 7536
Unit0rcup8157
Laundry Machine Dperators

Laundry machine operators operate laundry, dry-
cleaning, pressing and fabric treatment machines
in laundries and dry-cleaning establishments.
Tasls include
(a) sorting articles for cleaning according to the
type, colour, fabric and cleaning treatment
iequiied;
(b) placing sorted articles into receptacles and
onlo conveyoi Lells loi moving lo ieaii and
cleaning aieas;
(c) clecling and iemoving slains liom gaimenls,
ielacing Lullons and maling minoi ieaiis;
(d) loading and unloading washing machines,
diieis and exliaclois;
(e) adding cleaning agenls and slaicles lo ailicles;
(f) smoothing articles and guiding them through
cleaning and iessing maclines;
(g) stopping and starting machines to untangle,
sliaigllen and iemove ailicles;
(l) lacing ailicles on slelves and langing ail-
icles loi deliveiy and colleclion;
(i) packaging articles and preparing orders for
dispatch.
y Diy-cleaning macline oeialoi
y Laundry machine operator
y Pressing machine operator (laundry)
y Hand iessei 9121
Unit0rcup8159
TextiIe,FurandLeatherProductsMachine
Dperators Not EIsewhere CIassied
Tlis unil giou coveis lexlile, lui and leallei
products machine operators not classied else-
wleie in Minoi Giou 815: Texlile, !ui and
Ieallei Pioducls Macline Oeialois. !oi in-
stance, the group includes those engaged in op-
erating and monitoring machines which make
hats, tents, mattresses or miscellaneous articles
such as braids or other trimmings.
loim and male lals oul ol lexliles, lui oi
leallei;
make miscellaneous articles such as braids
oi ollei liimmings;
lold cloll inlo measuied lengll;
wind thread, twine or yarn into balls pre-
aialoiy lo sliing oi luillei iocessing;
(e) operating and monitoring machines to
measure size of pieces of leather.
y Braid making machine operator
y Hat making machine operator
y Tenl maling macline oeialoi
y Texlile alleinmaling macline oeialoi
Mincr0rcup816
Food and PeIated Products Machine Dperators
Food and related products machine operators set, operate and attend machinery used to
slaugllei animals and liim meal liom caicasses, and lo Lale, lieeze, leal, ciusl, mix, Llend
and olleiwise iocess loodslus, Leveiages and loLacco leaves.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oeialing and moniloiing maclineiy used lo iesliain, slun
and slaugllei animals, and lo liim caicasses inlo slandaid meal and lsl culs; selling, o-
eialing and allending maclineiy and ovens lo mix, Lale and olleiwise ieaie Liead and
oui conleclioneiy ioducls; oeialing maclineiy lo ciusl, mix, mall, cool and leimenl
giains and liuils lo ioduce Leei, wines, mall liquois, vinegai, yeasl and ielaled ioducls;
allending equimenl lo male jam, loee, cleese, iocessed cleese, maigaiine, syiu, ice,
asla, icecieam, sausages, clocolale, maize slaicl, ediLle lals and dexliin; oeialing equi-
menl lo cool, leal, diy, ioasl, Llancl, asleuiize, smole, sleiilize, lieeze, evaoiale and con-
cenliale loodslus and liquids used in lood iocessing; mixing, uling, giinding, Llending
and seaialing loodslus and liquids will cluining, iessing, sieving, giinding and llleiing
equimenl; iocessing loLacco leaves Ly macline lo male cigaielles, cigais and ie and
other tobacco products.
8160 Food and PeIated Products Machine Dperators
Unit0rcup8160
Food and PeIated Products Machine Dperators

Food and related products machine operators set,
operate and attend machinery used to slaughter
animals and trim meat from carcasses, and bake,
lieeze, leal, ciusl, mix, Llend and olleiwise
iocess loodslus, Leveiages and loLacco leaves.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring machinery used to
restrain, stun and slaughter animals and to
trim carcasses into standard meat and sh
culs;
(b) setting, operating and attending machinery
and ovens lo mix, Lale and olleiwise ie-
aie Liead and oui conleclioneiy ioducls;
(c) oeialing maclineiy lo ciusl, mix, mall,
cook and ferment grains and fruits to pro-
duce Leei, wines, mall liquois, vinegai, yeasl
and ielaled ioducls;
(d) allending equimenl lo male jam, lollee,
cheese, processed cheese, margarine, syrup,
ice, pasta, icecream, sausages, chocolate,
maize slaicl, ediLle lals and dexliin;
(e) oeialing equimenl lo cool, leal, diy, ioasl,
blanch, pasteurize, smoke, sterilize, freeze,
evaoiale and concenliale loodslulls and
liquids used in lood iocessing;
(l) mixing, uling, giinding, Llending and se-
aialing loodslus and liquids will cluining,
iessing, sieving, giinding and lilleiing
equimenl;
(g) iocessing loLacco leaves Ly macline lo
make cigarettes, cigars and pipe and other
tobacco products.
y Bakery products machine operator
y Bread production machine operator
y Chocolate production machine operator
y Cigarette production machine operator
y Cigar production machine operator
y Daiiy ioducls macline oeialoi
y Fish processing machine operator
y Meal iocessing macline oeialoi
y Mill iocessing macline oeialoi
y Bollling macline oeialoi 8183
Mincr0rcup817
Wood Processing and Papermaking PIant Dperators
Wood processing and papermaking plant operators monitor, operate and control machinery
lo saw wood, cul veneei, male lywood, ioduce ul and aei and lo olleiwise ieaie
wood, pulp and paper for further use.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: examining logs and iougl lumLei lo deleimine size, condi-
lion, qualily and ollei claiacleiislics lo decide Lesl lumLei culs lo caiiy oul, oi oeialing
aulomaled equimenl lo convey logs lliougl lasei scanneis wlicl deleimine lle mosl io-
duclive and iollaLle culling alleins; soiling, slacling and lacing logs and wood Lillels
onlo conveyois and lalles liom liucls loi iocessing inlo clis, veneeis and ul; oeialing
and moniloiing scieening equimenl, Lleacling equimenl, digesleis, mixing lanls, wasleis
and ollei ul iocessing maclineiy and equimenl lo caiiy oul one oi moie cellulose io-
cessing sles; oeialing and moniloiing aeimaling and lnisling iocess maclineiy and
equimenl lo diy, calendei, laminale, coal, slil, liim, wind oi caiiy oul ollei aeimaling
and lnisling iocess sles; oLseiving equimenl and maclineiy anel indicalois, gauges,
level indicalois and ollei equimenl insliumenls lo delecl maclineiy and equimenl mal-
lunclions and ensuie iocess sles aie caiiied oul accoiding lo secilcalions; oeialing and
monitoring plywood core-laying machines and hot-plate plywood presses and machines which
cul veneei; liansoiling iocessed wood ioducls lo woil aieas.
8171 PuIp and Papermaking PIant Dperators
8172 Wood Processing PIant Dperators
Unit0rcup8171
PuIp and Papermaking PIant Dperators

Pulp and papermaking plant operators monitor
and oeiale equimenl lo iocess wood, ul
and other cellulose materials in the production
of pulp and to produce coat and nish paper.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring screening and
Lleacling equimenl, digesleis, mixing
tanks, washers and other pulp processing
maclineiy and equimenl lo caiiy oul one
oi moie cellulose iocessing sles;
(b) operating and monitoring papermaking and
lnisling iocess maclineiy and equimenl
to dry, calender, laminate, coat, slit, trim,
wind or carry out other papermaking and
lnisling iocess sles;
(c) controlling start-up and shut-down of ma-
clineiy and equimenl, and oLseiving
equimenl and maclineiy anel indicalois,
gauges and ollei equimenl lo delecl ma-
clineiy and equimenl mallunclions and
ensure that process steps are carried out ac-
coiding lo secilcalions;
(d) communicating with process control opera-
tors to make process adjustments and to start
u oi slul down maclineiy and equimenl
as iequiied;
(e) analysing instrument readings and produc-
tion test samples and making adjustments
lo lle ioduclion iocess and equimenl as
iequiied;
(f) mounting, positioning and threading paper
iolls using a loisl;
(g) insecling aei visually loi wiinlles, loles,
discoloration, streaks or other defects, and
laling coiieclive aclion;
(h) completing and maintaining production re-
ports.
y Calender operator (pulp and paper)
y Pulp and paper grinder operator
y Repulper operator
y Sheeter operator (pulp and paper)
y Paei ul ielneiy oeialoi 3139
y Puling conliol oeialoi 3139
y Puling leclnician 3139
Unit0rcup8172
Wood Processing PIant Dperators

Wood processing plant operators monitor, op-
eiale and conliol lumLei mill equimenl loi
sawing timber logs into rough lumber, cutting
veneei, maling lywood and ailicle Loaid, and
otherwise preparing wood for further use.
Tasls include
(a) examining logs and iougl lumLei lo delei-
mine size, condilion, qualily and ollei clai-
acteristics to decide best lumber cuts to carry
oul, oi oeialing aulomaled equimenl lo
convey logs lliougl lasei scanneis wlicl
deleimine lle mosl ioduclive and iollaLle
culling alleins;
(b) operating and monitoring log in-feed and
conveyoi syslems;
(c) operating and monitoring head saws, resaws
and multiblade saws to saw logs, cants,
llilcles, slaLs oi wings and iemove iougl
edges from sawn timber into dressed lumber
ol vaiious sizes, and lo saw oi slil slingles
and slales;
(d) operating and monitoring plywood core-
laying machines and hot-plate plywood
iesses and maclines wlicl cul veneei;
(e) cleaning and luLiicaling sawmill equimenl.
y Circular saw operator
y Iog cul-o oeialoi
y Plywood press-operator
y Sawmill operator
y Sawmill planer operator
y Sawmill trimmer operator
y Veneer lathe operator
y Wood processing plant sawyer
y TimLei liealing lanl oeialoi 7521
y Veneei diyei lendei 7521
y Woodwoiling macline oeialoi 7523
Mincr0rcup818
Dther 5tationary PIant and Machine Dperators
Tlis unil giou includes slalionaiy lanl and macline oeialois nol classiled elsewleie in
SuL-majoi Giou 81: Slalionaiy Planl and Macline Oeialois. Tle giou includes, loi in-
stance, operators of machines which make silicon chips and splice cables and ropes.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: moniloiing lilns, luinaces and ollei maclineiy and equi-
menl used in lle manulacluie ol glass, ceiamics, oicelain, liles oi Liicls; oeialing maclines
lo anneal, laiden oi decoiale glass and ceiamics; mainlaining and oeialing slalionaiy sleam
engines, Loileis, luiLines and auxiliaiy equimenl; oeialing and moniloiing maclines wlicl
weigh, pack and label products, or ll containers with products.
8181 SIass and Ceramics PIant Dperators
8182 5team Engine and BoiIer Dperators
8183 Packing, BottIing and LabeIIing Machine Dperators
8189 5tationary PIant and Machine Dperators Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup8181
SIass and Ceramics PIant Dperators

Glass and ceiamics lanl oeialois moniloi and
operate kilns, furnaces and other machinery and
equimenl used in lle manulacluie ol glass, ce-
iamics, oicelain, liles oi Liicls. Tley oeiale
machines to anneal, harden or decorate glass
and ceramics.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring glass-making fur-
naces to make glass by melting and fusing
ie-mixed ingiedienls;
(L) lending lol- oi cold-end siay equimenl
used lo coal glasswaie will suilace laidenei;
(c) operating and maintaining machines that
press or blow molten glass into moulds to
form or shape containers such as bottles, jars
and diinling glasses;
(d) operating hand presses to mould glass into
iequiied slae;
(e) operating drawing kilns to process molten
glass inlo conlinuous sleels ol al glass;
(l) oeialing and moniloiing oaling-glass io-
duclion lanls;
(g) operating and maintaining finishing ma-
clines lo giind, diill, sand, Level, decoiale,
wasl oi olisl glass oi glass ioducls;
(h) setting and operating press machines to
mould ceiamic ailicles liom moisl clay;
(i) oeialing maclines lo mix clay will walei lo
knead it into a suitable plastic condition or
semi-liquid loim loi maling ceiamic iod-
ucls;
(j) operating and monitoring kilns which bake
olleiy, oicelain waie, Liicls and liles;
(k) operating and monitoring machines for
maling glaze oi aLiasives;
(l) operating and monitoring machines which
exliude mollen glass lo loim lLieglass lla-
menls;
(m) oLseiving lnisled ioducls lo idenlily slils,
cracks, breaks, colour and other imperfec-
tions.
y Brick kiln operator
y Ceramics painting machine operator
y Clay mixing macline oeialoi
y Lxliuding clay iess oeialoi
y Furnace operator (glass production)
y Glass Llowing macline oeialoi
y Glass mixing macline oeialoi
y Glass ioduclion luinace oeialoi
y Pottery kiln operator
y Tile liln oeialoi
y Biicl and lile mouldei 7314
y Glass Llowei 7315
y Glass cullei 7315
Unit0rcup8182
5team Engine and BoiIer Dperators

Steam engine and boiler operators maintain and
oeiale vaiious lyes ol sleam engines, Loileis,
luiLines and auxiliaiy equimenl lo iovide
owei and ollei ulilily seivices loi commei-
cial, industrial and institutional buildings, at
woil siles and aLoaid slis oi sell-ioelled
vessels.
Tasls include
(a) operating, cleaning, lubricating and moni-
loiing sleam engines, Loileis and auxiliaiy
equimenl sucl as ums, comiessois and
aii-condilioning equimenl lo suly and
maintain steam and power for buildings,
maiine vessels oi neumalic lools;
(b) analysing and recording instrument read-
ings, troubleshooting and performing minor
ieaiis lo ievenl equimenl oi syslem
lailuie;
(c) monitoring and inspecting performance of
equimenl loi ellicienl oeialion and en-
suring that boiler water, chemicals and fuel
aie mainlained al iequiied levels;
(d) ring coal furnaces by hand or with stokers
and gas- or oil-fed boilers, using automatic
gas leeds oi oil ums;
(e) lesling Loilei walei qualily oi aiianging loi
testing, adjusting and taking necessary cor-
ieclive aclion, sucl as adding clemicals lo
ievenl coiiosion and laimlul deosils;
(f) monitoring ships engine, machinery and
equimenl indicalois, iecoiding vaiiaLles
and reporting abnormalities to the ships en-
gineei omcei on walcl;
(g) oeialing and mainlaining o-loading liquid
ums and valves.
y Boiler tender
y Ships boiler operator
y Stationary engineer
y Steam engine operator
y Stoker
y Slis` engineei 3151
y Slalionaiy engine lllei 7233
Unit0rcup8183
Packing, BottIing and LabeIIing Machine Dperators

Packing, bottling and labelling machine opera-
tors monitor and operate machines which weigh,
acl and laLel vaiious ioducls oi lll dieienl
containers with products.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring machines that
weigl, wia, seal and acl vaiious ioducls;
(b) operating and monitoring machines that ll
and seal luLes, Lollles, cans, Loxes, Lags and
other containers with products such as food,
Leveiages, ainls, oils and lolions;
(c) operating and monitoring machines that,
by gluing or other methods, label products,
aclages and vaiious conlaineis.
y Bottle ller
y Canning machine operator
y Labelling machine operator
y Packing machine operator
y Wrapping machine operator
y Hand aclei 9321
Unit0rcup8189
5tationary PIant and Machine Dperators

Tlis unil giou includes slalionaiy lanl and ma-
chine operators not classied elsewhere in Sub-
majoi Giou 81: Slalionaiy Planl and Macline
Oeialois. Tle giou includes, loi inslance,
operators of machines which make silicon chips
and splice cables and ropes.
y Cable and rope splicing machine operator
y Silicon chip production machine operator
Sub-ma|cr0rcup82
AssembIers
AssemLleis assemLle ielaLiicaled ails oi comonenls lo loim suLassemLlies, ioducls and
equimenl, accoiding lo ioceduies sliiclly laid down. Tle ioducls woiled on may Le moved
liom one woilei lo lle nexl along assemLly lines. Comelenl eiloimance in mosl occua-
lions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: assemLling comonenls
inlo vaiious lyes ol ioducl and equimenl, accoiding lo sliiclly laid down ioceduies;
ieviewing woil oideis, secilcalions, diagiams and diawings lo deleimine maleiials needed
and assemLly insliuclions; iecoiding ioduclion and oeialional dala on seciled loims; in-
secling and lesling comleled comonenls and assemLlies, wiiing inslallalions and ciicuils;
rejecting faulty assemblies and components.
821 AssembIers
Mincr0rcup821
AssembIers
AssemLleis assemLle ielaLiicaled ails oi comonenls lo loim suLassemLlies, ioducls and
equimenl, accoiding lo ioceduies sliiclly laid down. Tle ioducls woiled on may Le moved
liom one woilei lo lle nexl along assemLly lines.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: assemLling comonenls inlo vaiious lyes ol ioducl and
equimenl, accoiding lo ioceduies sliiclly laid down; ieviewing woil oideis, secilcalions,
diagiams and diawings lo deleimine maleiials needed and assemLly insliuclions; iecoiding
ioduclion and oeialional dala on seciled loims; insecling and lesling comleled com-
onenls and assemLlies, wiiing inslallalions and ciicuils; iejecling laully assemLlies and com-
ponents.
8211 MechanicaI Machinery AssembIers
8212 EIectricaI and EIectronic Equipment AssembIers
8219 AssembIers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup8211
MechanicaI Machinery AssembIers

Meclanical maclineiy assemLleis assemLle, ac-
cording to procedures strictly laid down, com-
ponent parts of mechanical machinery such as
engines, moloi velicles, luiLines and aiiciall.
Tasls include
(a) assembling and installing prefabricated parts
or components to form subassemblies, me-
chanical machinery, engines and finished
moloi velicles;
(L) ieviewing woil oideis, secilcalions, dia-
grams and drawings to determine materials
needed and assemLly insliuclions;
(c) recording production and operational data
on seciled loims;
(d) inspecting and testing completed compo-
nenls and assemLlies;
(e) rejecting faulty assemblies and components.
y Aiiciall assemLlei
y Bench tter (trucks)
y Engine assembler
y Engine installer
y GeaiLox assemLlei
y TuiLine assemLlei
y Vehicle assembler
y Moloi velicle meclanic 7231
y Llecliomeclanical equimenl assemLlei
8212
y Bicycle assemLlei 8219
Unit0rcup8212
EIectricaI and EIectronic Equipment AssembIers

Llecliical and eleclionic equimenl assemLleis
assemble or modify, according to procedures
strictly laid down, components of electrical, elec-
liomeclanical and eleclionic equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) assembling component parts and electrical
and electronic systems and positioning,
aligning and fastening units to assemblies,
subassemblies or frames using hand or power
lools and soldeiing and micio-welding equi-
menl;
on seciled loims;
(d) operating wire-coiling machines to wind
wiie coils used in elecliical equimenl and
components such as registers, transformers,
armature wires, electric motors and genera-
lois;
(e) inspecting and testing completed compo-
nents and assemblies, wiring installations
and circuits, and rejecting faulty assembly
components.
y Aimaluie assemLlei
y Llecliical equimenl assemLlei
y Llecliomeclanical equimenl assemLlei
y Lleclionic equimenl assemLlei
y Etcher (printed circuit board)
y Telelone assemLlei
y Television assemLlei
y Watch assembler
y Piecision-insliumenl malei 7311
y Lleclionics meclanic and seivicei 7421
Unit0rcup8219
AssembIers Not EIsewhere CIassied

AssemLleis nol elsewleie classiled assemLle, ac-
coiding lo ioceduies sliiclly laid down, vaiious
products that do not include electronic, electrical
or mechanical components.
Tasls include
(a) assembling component parts and positioning,
aligning and fastening units to assemblies,
subassemblies or frames using hand or power
lools and soldeiing and micio-welding equi-
menl;
on seciled loims;
(d) inspecting and testing components and com-
leled assemLlies;
(e) rejecting faulty products.
y Ammunilion assemLlei
y Bicycle assembler
y Box Luildei
y Dooi assemLlei
y Eyeglass frame assembler
y Furniture nisher (wood)
y Jewellery assembler
y Knife assembler
y Leather products assembler
y Luggage nisher
y Melal ioducls assemLlei (excel
mechanical)
y Paperboard products assembler
y Pen and pencil assembler
y Plastic products assembler
y Plastic toy assembler
y Rubber products assembler
y Sun-blinds assembler
y Texlile ioducls assemLlei
y Tleimos Lollle assemLlei
y Wood products assembler
Sub-ma|cr0rcup83
Drivers and MobiIe PIant Dperators
Diiveis and moLile lanl oeialois diive and lend liains and moloi velicles, oi diive, oeiale
and moniloi indusliial and agiiculluial maclineiy and equimenl, oi execule decl dulies on
board ship and other water-borne craft. Competent performance in most occupations in this
suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: diiving and lending
liains and moloi velicles; diiving, oeialing and moniloiing moLile indusliial and agiicul-
luial maclineiy and equimenl; caiiying oul decl dulies on Loaid sli and ollei walei-Loine
craft.
831 Locomotive Engine Drivers and PeIated Workers
832Car,VanandMotorcycIeDrivers
833 Heavy Truck and Bus Drivers
834 MobiIe PIant Dperators
835 5hips' Deck Crews and PeIated Workers
Mincr0rcup831
Locomotive Engine Drivers and PeIated Workers
Iocomolive engine diiveis and ielaled woileis diive, oi assisl in diiving, locomolive engines
lo liansoil assengeis and lieigll; lale claige ol and saleguaid iailway lieigll liains duiing
iuns; conliol lle movemenl ol iailway liamc Ly oeialing signals; swilcl iolling slocl and
male u liains in iailway yaids; and male u liains loi lauling in mines and conliol lleii
movemenl.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: diiving oi assisling in diiving iailway engines; oeialing
iailway signals; swilcling iolling slocl and maling u liains in iailway yaids; maling u
liains in mines and conliolling lleii movemenl.
8311 Locomotive Engine Drivers
8312 PaiIway Brake, 5ignaI and 5witch Dperators
Unit0rcup8311
Locomotive Engine Drivers

Iocomolive engine diiveis diive, oi assisl in
diiving, locomolive engines lo liansoil assen-
gers and freight.
Tasls include
(a) diiving oi assisling in diiving a sleam, elec-
liic oi diesel-elecliic locomolive engine;
(L) diiving an undeigiound oi elevaled as-
sengei liain;
(c) diiving a locomolive lo laul caiiiages undei-
giound oi on lle suilace ol a mine oi quaiiy;
(d) walcling loi liacl lazaids and oLseiving
signals and indicaloi gauges;
(e) operating communications systems to
communicate with train crews and traffic
controllers to ensure safe operation and
scheduling of trains.
y Iocomolive diivei
y Melioolilan iailway diivei
y Tiain diivei
y Tiam diivei 8331
Note
Diiveis ol velicles llal oeiale on lxed iail syslems llal
are separated from public roadways are classied in Unit
Giou 8311: Iocomolive Lngine Diiveis. Diiveis ol ve-
licles loi assengei liansoilalion on lxed iails llal aie
incorporated in the public roadway are classied in Unit
Giou 8331: Bus and Tiam Diiveis.
Unit0rcup8312
PaiIway Brake, 5ignaI and 5witch Dperators

Railway brakers, signallers and shunters take
charge of and safeguard railway freight trains
duiing iuns, conliol lle movemenl ol iailway
trafc by operating signals, switch rolling stock
and make up trains in railway yards, and make
up trains for hauling in mines and control their
movemenl.
Tasls include
(a) taking charge of and safeguarding freight
liains duiing iuns;
(L) conliolling lle ow ol iailway liamc ovei
sections of line by operating signals and
swilcles liom conliol anels oi signal Loxes;
(c) switching and coupling rolling stock in
railway yards and sidings in accordance with
orders about loading, unloading and make-
u ol liains;
(d) maling u liains loi lauling Ly locomolive
oi caLle and diiecling lleii movemenl along
laulage ways in a mine oi quaiiy;
(e) clecling liain syslems and equimenl sucl
as air-conditioning and heating systems,
brakes and brake hoses prior to train run.
y Braker (railway)
y Shunter (railway)
y Signaller (railway)
Mincr0rcup832
Car,VanandMotorcycIeDrivers
Cai, van and moloicycle diiveis diive and lend moloicycles, moloiized liicycles, cais oi vans
to transport passengers, materials or goods.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: diiving and lending moloicycles, moloiized liicycles, cais
oi vans in oidei lo liansoil maleiials, goods oi assengeis.
8321MotorcycIeDrivers
8322Car,TaxiandVanDrivers
Unit0rcup8321
MotorcycIeDrivers
Moloicycle diiveis diive and lend moloicycles
oi moloiized liicycles equied lo liansoil ma-
terials, goods or passengers.
Tasls include
(a) diiving and lending moloicycles oi moloi-
ized tricycles to transport materials, goods
and assengeis;
(L) oLseiving liamc iules and signals;
(c) cleaning and wasling velicles as well as ei-
loiming mainlenance and minoi ieaiis;
(d) leeing a iecoid ol jouineys;
(e) deliveiing messages.
y Disalcl iidei
y Diivei (moloiized iiclslaw)
y Diivei (moloiized liicycle)
y Moloicyclisl
y Diivei (edal velicle) 9331
Unit0rcup8322
Car,TaxiandVanDrivers
Cai, laxi and van diiveis diive and lend moloicais
and vans lo liansoil assengeis, mail oi goods.
Tasls include
(a) diiving and lending assengei vans, cais oi
laxis;
(L) diiving and lending cais, vans oi small
liucls lo delivei mail oi goods;
(c) assisting passengers with handling of lug-
gage;
(d) collecling laies, aymenls loi deliveiies, oi
documenls ceililying deliveiies;
(e) oeialing lelecommunicalions equimenl
lo ieoil localion and availaLilily, and
lollowing diieclions ol conliol cenlie;
(l) deleimining mosl aioiiale ioule;
(g) assisling lysically clallenged assengeis;
(l) oeialing equimenl lo lacililale lle loading
and unloading of physically challenged pas-
sengers.
y AmLulance diivei
y Cai diivei
y Pailing valel
y Taxi diivei
y Van diivei
y Diivei (moloiized iiclslaw) 8321
y Bus diivei 8331
y Heavy liucl diivei 8332
y Pedal velicle diivei 9331
y Riclslaw ullei 9331
y Animal-diawn velicle diivei 9332
Mincr0rcup833
Heavy Truck and Bus Drivers
Heavy liucl and Lus diiveis diive and lend leavy liucls, loiiies, Luses oi slieel liamcais lo
liansoil goods, liquids, leavy maleiials, mail oi assengeis.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: diiving and lending leavy liucls, loiiies, Luses oi slieel
liamcais in oidei lo liansoil goods, liquids, leavy maleiials, mail oi assengeis.
8331 Bus and Tram Drivers
8332 Heavy Truck and Lorry Drivers
Unit0rcup8331
Bus and Tram Drivers

Bus and liam diiveis diive and lend Luses oi slieel
tramcars to transport passengers, mail or goods.
Tasls include
(a) diiving and lending moloi Luses, liolley
buses or motor coaches to transport local or
long-dislance assengeis, mail oi goods;
(L) diiving and lending slieel liamcais lians-
oiling assengeis;
(c) opening and closing doors before or after
assengeis Loaid oi aligll;
(d) assisling assengeis will luggage;
(e) conliolling liglling, lealing and venlilalion
on Luses and liams;
(l) oLseiving liamc lo ensuie sale iogiess;
(g) collecling laies oi veiilying llal assengeis
lave lle necessaiy liclel.
y Bus diivei
y Moloi coacl diivei
y Tiam diivei
Unit0rcup8332
Heavy Truck and Lorry Drivers

Heavy liucl and loiiy diiveis diive and lend
leavy moloi velicles lo liansoil goods, liquids
and leavy maleiials ovei sloil oi long dislances.
Tasls include
(a) diiving and lending a leavy moloi velicle,
such as a lorry with or without trailer or a
dum-liucl, lo liansoil goods, liquids oi
leavy maleiials ovei sloil oi long dislances;
(L) deleimining lle mosl aioiiale ioules;
(c) ensuring that goods are stowed and securely
coveied lo ievenl loss and damage;
(d) assisting with or carrying out loading or un-
loading oeialions, using vaiious lilling oi
liing devices;
(e) caiiying oul minoi mainlenance lo velicles,
and arranging major maintenance and re-
aiis;
(f) estimating weights to comply with load limi-
tations, and ensuring the safe distribution of
weights.
y Conciele mixei diivei
y GaiLage liucl diivei
y Heavy liucl diivei
y Road liain diivei
y Van diivei 8322
Mincr0rcup834
MobiIe PIant Dperators
MoLile lanl oeialois diive, lend, oeiale and moniloi secial-uiose moloiized maclineiy
oi equimenl used loi cleaiing oi ieaiing land; digging, moving and sieading eaill, iocl
and similai maleiials; and lilling oi moving leavy oLjecls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing and osilioning lanl loi oeialion; adjusling
seed, leigll and dell ol imlemenls; diiving and oeialing moLile lanl; oeialing al-
laclmenls lo lill, swing and ielease liees, logs, eaill and ollei leavy oLjecls oi maleiials;
operating and monitoring lifting trucks and stationary or mobile cranes in construction, trans-
oilalion and sloiage oeialions; seivicing maclineiy and eiloiming minoi ieaiis.
8341 MobiIe Farm and Forestry PIant Dperators
8342 Earthmoving and PeIated PIant Dperators
8343 Crane, Hoist and PeIated PIant Dperators
8344 Lifting Truck Dperators
Unit0rcup8341
MobiIe Farm and Forestry PIant Dperators

MoLile laim and loiesliy lanl oeialois diive,
tend, operate and monitor one or more types of
special-purpose motorized mobile machinery or
equimenl used in agiiculluial, loiliculluial and
forestry operations.
Tasls include
(a) diiving and lending liacloi-diawn oi sell-
propelled special-purpose farm machinery to
lougl land and sow, leililize, cullivale and
laivesl cios;
(L) diiving and lending liacloi-diawn oi sell-
propelled special-purpose forestry machinery
lo cleai land, lanl, laivesl and caiiy liees
and timber or perform other forestry oper-
alions;
(c) ieaiing and osilioning lanl loi oeialion;
(d) adjusting speed, height and depth of imple-
menls;
(e) oeialing lanl lo lold, lill and cul liees;
(f) operating attachments to lift, swing, release
and soil liees and logs, and oeialing auxil-
iary plant such as chipping machines and log
slilling maclines;
(g) feeding felled trees into processors to strip
limbs and cut into logs and loading logs onto
slocliles and inlo liucls;
(l) seivicing maclineiy and eiloiming minoi
repairs.
y Haiveslei oeialoi
y Logging plant operator
y TimLei caiiiei diivei
y Tiacloi diivei
y Tiee lallei oeialoi
y Bulldozei oeialoi 8342
Unit0rcup8342
Earthmoving and PeIated PIant Dperators

Laillmoving and ielaled lanl oeialois o-
eiale maclines lo excavale, giade, level, smooll
and compact earth or similar materials.
Tasls include
(a) oeialing and moniloiing excavaling ma-
clineiy equied will moveaLle slovels,
giaL-Luclels oi diagline Luclels, lo excavale
and move eaill, iocl, sand, giavel oi similai
maleiials;
(b) operating and monitoring machinery for dig-
ging trenches for sewers, drainage, water, oil,
gas oi similai ielines;
(c) operati ng and monitori ng machi nery
equied will concave sleel Llades lo move,
disliiLule and level eaill, sand, snow and
ollei maleiials;
(d) oeialing and moniloiing equimenl lo
iemove sand, giavel and mud liom Lollom
ol Lody ol walei;
(e) operating and monitoring machines for ham-
mering wooden, concrete or steel piles into
giound;
(f) operating and monitoring power rollers to
compact and smooth layers of materials in
maling ioads and avemenls, and similai
woil;
(g) operating and monitoring machines which
spread and smooth concrete or bituminous
or tar preparations to construct roadways,
roads or similar surfaces.
y Bulldozer operator
y Lxcavaloi oeialoi
y Front-end loader operator
y Pile-diivei oeialoi
y Road-roller operator
y Road surface laying machine operator
y Snow-groomer operator
Unit0rcup8343
Crane, Hoist and PeIated PIant Dperators

Crane, hoist and related plant operators monitor
and operate stationary and mobile cranes and
ollei loisling equimenl.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring stationary or
mobile cranes by raising and lowering jibs
and Looms lo lill, move, osilion oi lace
equimenl and maleiials;
(L) oeialing and moniloiing equimenl loi
hoisting, lowering or raising workers and
maleiials on consliuclion siles oi in mines;
(c) operating and monitoring ski-lifts and
similai equimenl;
(d) operating and monitoring machinery used to
haul ferries or barges with goods, passengers
and velicles acioss sloil slielcles ol walei;
(e) operating and monitoring machinery to open
and close bridges for the passage of road and
walei liamc;
(l) oeialing and moniloiing cianes equied
with dredging attachments to dredge water-
ways and ollei aieas;
(g) operating cranes mounted on boats or barges
lo lill, move and lace equimenl and ma-
terials.
y Cable car operator
y Chair-lift operator
y Crane operator
y !uniculai diivei
y Hoist operator
y Mine cage oeialoi
y Ski-lift operator
Unit0rcup8344
Lifting Truck Dperators

Iilling liucl oeialois diive, oeiale and
moniloi lilling liucls oi similai velicles lo
transport, lift and stack pallets with goods.
Tasls include
(a) operating and monitoring lifting truck and
similai equimenl lo load and unload, lians-
port, lift and stack goods and pallets in ter-
minals, harbours, warehouses, factories and
ollei eslaLlislmenls;
(L) osilioning lilling devices undei, ovei oi
aiound loaded allels, slids and Loxes, and
securing material or products for transport
lo designaled aieas;
(c) insecling equimenl lo idenlily weai and
damage;
(d) eiloiming iouline mainlenance on velicles
and equimenl;
(e) keeping records of work undertaken and
Liealdowns ol velicles.
y !oillill liucl diivei
Mincr0rcup835
5hips' Deck Crews and PeIated Workers
Ships deck crews and related workers carry out deck duties on board ships and similar duties
on board other water-borne craft.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: slanding lool-oul walcles al sea and wlen enleiing oi
leaving laiLoui oi ollei naiiow waleis; sleeiing slis accoiding lo insliuclions; landling
ioes and wiies, and oeialing mooiing equimenl; mainlaining and, in some cases, oeialing
slis` equimenl, caigo geai, iigging and lilesaving and lielglling aliances; eiloiming
decl and lull cleaning, sciaing, ainling and ollei mainlenance dulies as iequiied; Liealing
out, rigging and stowing cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging and running gear.
8350 5hips' Deck Crews and PeIated Workers
Unit0rcup8350
5hips' Deck Crews and PeIated Workers

Ships deck crews and related workers carry out
deck duties on board ships and similar duties on
board other water-borne craft.
Tasls include
(a) standing look-out watches at sea and when
enleiing oi leaving laiLoui oi ollei naiiow
waleis;
(L) sleeiing slis accoiding lo insliuclions;
(c) handling ropes and wires, and operating
mooiing equimenl;
(d) maintaining and, in some cases, operating
slis` equimenl, caigo geai, iigging and
lilesaving and lielglling aliances;
(e) performing deck and hull cleaning, scraping,
painting and other maintenance duties as re-
quiied;
(f) breaking out, rigging and stowing cargo-
handling gear, stationary rigging and run-
ning gear.
y Boatswain
y Ferry hand
y Sailor
y Tug land
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 9 Llemenlaiy Occualions 337
Ma|cr0rcup9
ELEMENTAPYDCCUPAT!DN5
Llemenlaiy occualions involve lle eiloimance ol simle and iouline lasls wlicl may ie-
quiie lle use ol land-leld lools and consideiaLle lysical eoil. Mosl occualions in llis
majoi giou iequiie slills al lle lisl !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in elemenlaiy occualions usually include: cleaning, ieslocling
supplies and performing basic maintenance in apartments, houses, kitchens, hotels, ofces
and ollei Luildings; wasling cais and windows; leling in lilclens and eiloiming simle
lasls in lood ieaialion; deliveiing messages oi goods; caiiying luggage and landling Lag-
gage and lieigll; slocling vending-maclines oi ieading and emlying meleis; collecling
and soiling ieluse; sweeing slieels and similai laces; eiloiming vaiious simle laiming,
lsling, lunling oi liaing lasls; eiloiming simle lasls connecled will mining, consliuc-
lion and manulacluiing including ioducl-soiling; acling and unacling ioduce Ly land,
and llling slelves; ioviding vaiious slieel seivices; edalling oi land-guiding velicles lo
liansoil assengeis and goods; diiving animal-diawn velicles oi maclineiy. Sueivision ol
91 CIeaners and HeIpers
93 Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport
95 5treet and PeIated 5aIes and 5ervices Workers
96 Pefuse Workers and Dther EIementary Workers
Sub-ma|cr0rcup91
CIeaners and HeIpers
Cleaneis and leleis eiloim vaiious lasls in iivale louselolds, lolels, omces, losilals
and ollei eslaLlislmenls, as well as in aiiciall, liains, coacles, liams and similai velicles,
in oidei lo lee lle inleiiois and lxluies clean, and laundei and iess gaimenls and lexliles
Ly land. Mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiie slills al lle lisl !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: sweeing oi vacuum
cleaning; wasling and olisling oois, luiniluie and ollei oLjecls; laling caie ol linen and
Ledmaling; leling will ieaialion ol meals and cleaning in lilclens; wasling and cleaning
cais and windows; iessing oi laundeiing gaimenls and lexliles Ly land.
911 Domestic, HoteI and Dfce CIeaners and HeIpers
912 VehicIe, Window, Laundry and Dther Hand CIeaning Workers
Mincr0rcup911
Domestic, HoteI and Dfce CIeaners and HeIpers
Domeslic, lolel and omce cleaneis and leleis swee, vacuum clean, wasl, olisl, lale caie
ol louselold linen and uiclase louselold sulies; and eiloim vaiious lasls in oidei lo
lee clean and lidy lle inleiiois and lxluies ol lolels, omces and ollei eslaLlislmenls, as
well as ol aiiciall, liains, Luses and similai velicles.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: sweeing oi vacuum cleaning; wasling and olisling oois,
luiniluie and ollei oLjecls in lolels, omces and ollei eslaLlislmenls; maling Leds, su-
lying lowels, soa and ielaled ilems; leling will ieaialion ol meals and wasling disles;
cleaning, disinfecting and deodorizing kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.
9111 Domestic CIeaners and HeIpers
9112 CIeaners and HeIpers in Dfces, HoteIs and Dther EstabIishments
Unit0rcup9111
Domestic CIeaners and HeIpers

Domeslic cleaneis and leleis swee, vacuum
clean, wash and polish, take care of household
linen, purchase household supplies, prepare
lood, seive meals and eiloim vaiious ollei do-
mestic duties.
Tasls include
(a) sweeing, vacuum cleaning, olisling and
washing floors and furniture, or washing
windows and ollei lxluies;
(b) washing, ironing and mending linen and
ollei lexliles;
(c) wasling disles;
(d) helping with preparation, cooking and
seiving ol meals and ielieslmenls;
(e) uiclasing lood and vaiious ollei louse-
lold sulies;
(f) cleaning, disinfecting and deodorizing
lilclens, Lalliooms and loilels;
(g) cleaning windows and other glass surfaces.
y Charworker (domestic)
y Domeslic cleanei
y Domeslic lelei
y Holel cleanei 9112
y Slieel sweeei 9613
Unit0rcup9112
CIeaners and HeIpers in Dfces, HoteIs

and Dther EstabIishments
Cleaners and helpers in ofces, hotels and other
eslaLlislmenls eiloim vaiious cleaning lasls in
oidei lo lee clean and lidy lle inleiiois and lx-
tures of hotels, ofces and other establishments, as
well as ol aiiciall, liains, Luses and similai velicles.
Tasls include
(a) sweeing, vacuum cleaning, wasling and
olisling oois, luiniluie and ollei lxluies
in buildings, coaches, buses, trams, trains
and aiiciall;
(b) making beds, cleaning bathrooms and sup-
(c) cleaning kitchens and generally helping with
lilclen woil, including dislwasling;
(d) picking up rubbish, emptying garbage con-
tainers and taking contents to waste areas for
iemoval.
y Aiiciall cleanei
y Hotel cleaner
y Iavaloiy allendanl
y Ofce cleaner
y Building caielalei 5153
y Domeslic cleanei 9111
y Dislwaslei 9412
y Kilclen lelei 9412
Note
Workers who perform cleaning and helping tasks only in
kitchens and other food preparation areas are classied
in \nil Giou 9412: Kilclen Heleis.
Mincr0rcup912
VehicIe, Window, Laundry and Dther Hand CIeaning Workers
Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers clean windows, showcases or other
suilaces ol Luildings oi velicles; and iess, laundei oi diy-clean linen and ollei lexliles Ly land.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: cleaning, wasling and olisling cais; wasling windows oi
ollei glass suilaces will walei oi vaiious solulions, and diying and olisling llem; laun-
dering and pressing linen, clothing, fabrics and similar articles by hand in a laundry or in
ollei eslaLlislmenls; cleaning Ly land and will clemical solulions clolling, laLiics, leallei
goods and similar articles in dry-cleaning or other establishments.
9121 HandLaunderersandPressers
9122 VehicIeCIeaners
9123 Window CIeaners
9129 Dther CIeaning Workers
Unit0rcup9121
HandLaunderersandPressers
Hand launderers and pressers launder, press or
diy-clean gaimenls, linen and ollei lexliles Ly
hand.
Tasls include
(a) laundering and pressing linen, clothing, fab-
rics and similar articles by hand in a laundry
oi ollei eslaLlislmenl;
(b) cleaning, by hand and with chemical solu-
tions, clothing, fabrics, leather goods and
similar articles, in a dry-cleaning or other
eslaLlislmenl;
(c) ielacing Lullons and maling minoi ieaiis;
(d) lacing ailicles on slelves and langing ail-
icles loi deliveiy and colleclion.
y Diy-cleanei (land)
y Hand launderer
y Hand presser
y Ironer
y Diy-cleaning macline oeialoi 8157
y Iaundiy macline oeialoi 8157
y Piessing macline oeialoi (laundiy) 8157
Unit0rcup9122
VehicIeCIeaners
Velicle cleaneis wasl, clean and olisl lle exle-
iioi and inleiioi ol velicles.
Tasls include
(a) cleaning, washing and polishing cars and
ollei velicles, Ly land oi using land-leld
owei lools;
(L) vacuuming velicle inleiiois and diy-cleaning
caiels and ulolsleiy;
(c) alying cleaning agenls lo iemove slains
liom velicle exleiiois and inleiiois;
(d) washing tyres and wheel arches and black-
ening lyies;
(e) wasling and olisling velicle windows;
(l) emlying and cleaning comailmenls in ve-
hicles.
y Car detailer
y Vehicle washer (hand)
Unit0rcup9123
Window CIeaners
Window cleaners wash and polish windows and
other glass ttings.
Tasls include
(a) washing windows or other glass surfaces
will walei oi vaiious solulions, and diying
and olisling llem;
(b) using ladders, swinging scaffolds, bosuns
chairs, hydraulic bucket trucks and other
equimenl lo ieacl and clean windows in
mullisloiey Luildings;
(c) selecting appropriate cleaning or polishing
implements.
y Window cleaner
Unit0rcup9129
Dther CIeaning Workers

Tlis unil giou includes cleaning woileis nol
classiled elsewleie. Tle giou includes, loi in-
stance, those who clean surfaces, materials and
objects such as carpets, walls, swimming pools
and cooling towers, using specialized cleaning
equimenl and clemicals.
!n sucl inslances lasls would include
(a) cleaning carpets and upholstered furniture
using cleaning machines and their attach-
menls;
(b) selecting and applying cleaning agents to
iemove slains liom caiels;
(c) treating carpets with soil-repellent chemicals
and deodoianls, and liealing loi esls;
(d) cleaning stone walls, metal surfaces and fas-
cias using high-pressure water cleaners and
solvenls;
(e) applying chemicals and high-pressure
cleaning mellods lo iemove micio-oigan-
isms liom walei and lllialion syslems;
(l) using wel vacuums and ollei suclion equi-
menl lo iemove scale, accumulaled diil and
other deposits from swimming pools, cooling
tower components and drains.
y Carpet cleaner
y Cooling tower cleaner
y Giamli cleanei
y Swimming pool cleaner
y Water blaster
Sub-ma|cr0rcup92
AgricuIturaI, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
Agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiy laLouieis eiloim simle and iouline lasls in lle ioduc-
lion ol cios and liveslocl, cullivalion and mainlenance ol gaidens and ails, exloilalion
and conseivalion ol loiesls, and conducl ol aquaculluie and lsleiies oeialions. Mosl oc-
cualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiie slills al lle lisl !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: digging, ialing and
slovelling using land lools; loading, unloading and slacling sulies, ioduce and ollei ma-
leiials; waleiing, llinning, weeding and lending cios Ly land oi using land lools; lanling,
laivesling, icling and collecling ioduce Ly land; leeding, waleiing and cleaning animals
and leeing lleii quaileis clean; moniloiing liveslocl and ieoiling on lleii condilion; ie-
aiing and oeialing nels, lines and ollei lsling laclle and decl equimenl; giading, soiling,
Luncling and acling ioduce inlo conlaineis; eiloiming minoi ieaiis on lxluies, Luild-
ings, equimenl, vessels and lences.
Mincr0rcup921
AgricuIturaI, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
Agiiculluial, loiesliy and lsleiy laLouieis eiloim simle and iouline lasls in lle ioduc-
lion ol cios and liveslocl, cullivalion and mainlenance ol gaidens and ails, exloilalion
and conseivalion ol loiesls, and conducl ol aquaculluie and lsleiies oeialions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: digging, ialing and slovelling using land lools; loading,
unloading and slacling sulies, ioduce and ollei maleiials; waleiing, llinning, weeding
and lending cios Ly land oi using land lools; lanling, laivesling, icling and collecling
ioduce Ly land; leeding, waleiing and cleaning animals and leeing lleii quaileis clean;
moniloiing liveslocl and ieoiling on lleii condilion; ieaiing and oeialing nels, lines
and ollei lsling laclle and decl equimenl; giading, soiling, Luncling and acling io-
duce inlo conlaineis; eiloiming minoi ieaiis on lxluies, Luildings, equimenl, vessels
and fences.
9211 Crop Farm Labourers
9212 Livestock Farm Labourers
9213 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm Labourers
9214 Sarden and HorticuIturaI Labourers
9215 Forestry Labourers
9216 Fishery and AquacuIture Labourers
Note
Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually
undei lle diieclion ol olleis, aie classiled in lle ielevanl unil giou in Minoi Giou 921: Agiiculluial,
Forestry and Fishery Labourers. Workers in an agricultural setting whose main tasks are fetching water
and galleiing liewood aie classiled in \nil Giou 9624: Walei and !iiewood Colleclois.
Unit0rcup9211
Crop Farm Labourers

Crop farm labourers perform simple and routine
tasks on farms in the production of crops such as
liuil, nuls, giains and vegelaLles.
Tasls include
(a) digging and slovelling lo cleai dilcles oi loi
ollei uioses;
(b) loading and unloading supplies, produce and
ollei maleiials;
(c) raking, pitching and stacking straw, hay and
similai maleiials;
(d) watering, thinning and weeding crops by
land oi using land lools;
(e) icling liuil, nuls, vegelaLles and ollei cios;
(l) lanling and laivesling leld cios sucl as
iice Ly land;
(g) grading, sorting, bunching and packing pro-
duce inlo conlaineis;
(l) eiloiming minoi ieaiis on lxluies, Luild-
ings, equimenl and lences.
y Cane planter
y Fruit picker
y Rice farm labourer
y Vegetable picker
y Slilled laim woilei (leld cios) 6111
y Consliuclion laLouiei (Luilding woil)
9313
Unit0rcup9212
Livestock Farm Labourers

Iiveslocl laim laLouieis eiloim simle and
routine tasks in the farm production of animals,
including poultry and insects.
Tasls include
ollei uioses;
ollei maleiials;
(c) feeding, watering and cleaning animals and
leeing lleii quaileis clean;
(d) moniloiing liveslocl and ieoiling on lleii
condilion;
(e) assisting with maintaining the health and
wellaie ol liveslocl;
(l) assisling will leiding, dioving and sea-
ialing liveslocl loi milling, sleaiing, lians-
oilalion oi slaugllei, and Lelween asluies;
(g) collecling eggs and lacing in incuLalois;
(h) raking, pitching, stacking and storing hay, straw
and ollei lyes ol animal leed and Ledding;
(i) grading, sorting and packing produce into
conlaineis;
(j) eiloiming minoi ieaiis on lxluies, Luild-
y Iiveslocl laim laLouiei
y Diovei 6121
y Sleleid 6121
y Slilled laim woilei (liveslocl) 6121
Unit0rcup9213
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm Labourers

Mixed cio and liveslocl laim laLouieis ei-
form simple and routine tasks in farm produc-
tion of both crops and animals.
Tasls include
ollei uioses;
ollei maleiials;
(c) raking, pitching and stacking straw, hay and
similai maleiials;
(d) watering, thinning and weeding crops by
land oi using land lools;
(e) icling liuil, nuls, vegelaLles and ollei
cios and collecling eggs;
(l) lanling and laivesling leld cios sucl as
iice Ly land;
(g) feeding, watering and cleaning animals and
leeing lleii quaileis clean;
(l) moniloiing liveslocl and ieoiling on lleii
condilion;
(i) assisling will leiding, dioving and sea-
ialing liveslocl loi milling, sleaiing, lians-
oilalion oi slaugllei, and Lelween asluies;
(j) grading, sorting, bunching and packing pro-
duce inlo conlaineis;
(l) eiloiming minoi ieaiis on lxluies, Luild-
y Farm labourer
y Slilled laim woilei (mixed laiming) 6130
Unit0rcup9214
Sarden and HorticuIturaI Labourers

Gaiden and loiliculluial laLouieis eiloim
simple and routine tasks in operations to culti-
vale and mainlain liees, sliuLs, oweis and ollei
lanls in ails and iivale gaidens, lo ioduce
salings, LulLs and seeds, oi lo giow vegelaLles
and oweis Ly inlensive cullivalion leclniques.
Tasls include
(a) loading, unloading and moving sulies,
ioduce and equimenl;
(b) preparing garden sites and plots using hand
lools and simle maclines;
(c) assisting with planting and transplanting
oweis, sliuLs, liees and lawns;
(d) maintaining gardens by watering, weeding
and mowing lawns;
(e) cleaning gaidens and iemoving iuLLisl;
(f) assisting with propagating, planting and pot-
ling seeds, LulLs and cullings;
(g) lending lanls Ly land waleiing and weeding;
(l) laivesling and aclaging lanls loi sale and
liansoil;
(i) eiloiming minoi ieaiis on lxluies, Luild-
y Gaiden laLouiei
y Horticultural labourer
y Lawn mower
y Nursery labourer
y Hoiliculluiisl 6113
y Iandscae gaidenei 6113
y Mailel gaidenei 6113
Unit0rcup9215
Forestry Labourers
Forestry labourers perform simple and routine
lasls lo cullivale and mainlain naluial and lan-
tation forests, and log, fell and saw trees.
Tasls include
(a) digging loles loi liee lanling;
(L) slacling and loading logs and limLei;
(c) clearing undergrowth in forest stands and
llinning young lanlalions;
(d) mainlaining lool-oul loi lies in loiesls;
(e) iemoving majoi Liancles and liee los, liim-
ming Liancles and sawing liunls inlo logs;
(f) operating and maintaining manual and
hand-held machine saws to fell trees and cut
lelled liees and Liancles inlo logs;
(g) collecling seeds and lanling seedlings;
(h) performing minor repairs and maintenance
of forest roads, buildings, facilities and
equimenl.
y Axeman/woman
y Forestry labourer
y Tiee lanlei
y !oiesliy woilei (slilled) 6210
Unit0rcup9216
Fishery and AquacuIture Labourers

!isleiy and aquaculluie laLouieis eiloim
simle and iouline lasls lo cullivale, calcl and
laivesl lsl and sealood in aquaculluie and in
inland, coastal and deep sea shing operations.
Tasls include
(a) cleaning the sea-bed and feeding fish and
molluscs llal aie Leing cullivaled;
(b) gathering seaweed, sea mosses, clams and
ollei molluscs;
(c) preparing nets, lines and other shing tackle
and ollei decl equimenl;
(d) operating shing gear to catch sh and other
maiine lile;
(e) cleaning, sorting and packing sh and seafood
in ice and sall, and slowing calcl in lold;
(l) cleaning decl suilaces and lsl lold;
(g) handling mooring lines during docking.
y Aquaculluie laLouiei
y Fishery labourer
y !isl laimei 6221
y !islei (coaslal waleis) 6222
y !islei (inland waleis) 6222
y Dee-sea lslei 6223
Sub-ma|cr0rcup93
Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport
Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine
manual lasls in mining, quaiiying, civil engineeiing, Luilding, manulacluiing, liansoil and
sloiage oeialions, and oeiale luman-oweied and animal-diawn velicles and maclineiy.
Mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiie slills al lle lisl !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: digging loles and
sieading excavaled maleiials, sand, soil and giavel using land-leld lools; soiling, loading,
unloading, moving, slacling and sloiing maleiials, equimenl, ioducls, sulies, Laggage
and caigo Ly land; cleaning maclineiy, equimenl, lools and woil siles; acling and un-
acling maleiial and ioducls and llling conlaineis and slelves will ioducls Ly land;
oeialing luman-oweied and animal-diawn velicles and maclineiy.
931 Mining and Construction Labourers
932 Manufacturing Labourers
933 Transport and 5torage Labourers
Mincr0rcup931
Mining and Construction Labourers
Mining and consliuclion laLouieis eiloim simle and iouline manual lasls in mining, quai-
iying, civil engineeiing and Luilding oeialions.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: digging and llling loles and liencles using land-leld
lools; slovelling and sieading excavaled maleiials, sand, soil and giavel; soiling, loading,
unloading, slacling and sloiing lools, maleiials and equimenl and liansoiling llem aiound
woil siles; cleaning maclineiy, equimenl, lools and woil siles and iemoving oLsliuclions.
9311 Mining and Duarrying Labourers
9312 CiviI Engineering Labourers
9313 BuiIding Construction Labourers
Unit0rcup9311
Mining and Duarrying Labourers

Mining and quaiiying laLouieis eiloim iouline
lasls in mining and quaiiying oeialions.
Tasls include
(a) assisling mineis and quaiiieis in mainlaining
maclineiy, equimenl, and mine and quaiiy
inslallalions;
(L) assemLling and dismanlling mining equi-
menl;
(c) iemoving lunnel suoils liom disused
woilings in mines and quaiiies;
(d) iemoving dangeious iojeclions liom mine
and quaiiy woilings;
(e) iemoving wasle and seiviceaLle maleiials
and equimenl liom woil aieas allei ex-
liaclion aclivilies lave Leen comleled, and
cleaiing iocl and mineial sills;
(l) cleaning maclineiy, equimenl, lools, ioad-
ways and laulage liacls;
(g) sorting, loading, unloading, stacking and
storing tools, materials and supplies used by
other mine workers.
y Mining laLouiei
y Quarry labourer
y Diillei (mining) 8111
y Minei 8111
y Mining lanl oeialoi 8111
y Quaiiiei 8111
y Diilling lanl oeialoi 8113
Unit0rcup9312
CiviI Engineering Labourers

Civil engineeiing laLouieis eiloim iouline
tasks in connection with the building and main-
lenance ol ioads, iailways, dams and ollei civil
engineering projects.
Tasls include
(a) digging and lling holes and trenches using
land-leld lools;
(L) slovelling and sieading giavel and ielaled
maleiials;
(c) trimming and cutting rocks and concrete and
Lilumen suilaces using jacl-lammeis;
(d) loading and unloading construction ma-
leiials, excavaled maleiial and equimenl
and transporting them around construction
siles using wleelLaiiows and land liucls;
(e) cleaning woil siles and iemoving oLsliuc-
tions.
y Consliuclion laLouiei (civil engineeiing)
y Laillmoving laLouiei
y Mainlenance laLouiei (dams)
Unit0rcup9313
BuiIding Construction Labourers

Building construction labourers perform routine
tasks in connection with building construction
and demolition work.
Tasls include
(a) cleaning used building bricks and doing
ollei simle woil on demolilion siles;
(L) mixing, ouiing and sieading maleiials
sucl as conciele, laslei and moilai;
(c) digging and lling holes and trenches using
land-leld lools;
(d) sieading sand, soil, giavel and similai ma-
leiials;
(e) loading and unloading construction materials,
excavaled maleiial and equimenl and lians-
porting them around construction sites using
wleelLaiiows, lods and land liucls;
(l) cleaning woil siles and iemoving oLsliuclions.
y Bricklayers assistant
y Construction labourer (building work)
y Demolilion laLouiei
y Hod carrier
y House Luildei 7111
y Biicllayei 7112
y Building wieclei 7119
Mincr0rcup932
Manufacturing Labourers
Manulacluiing laLouieis eiloim a vaiiely ol simle and iouline manual lasls in manulac-
turing to assist the work of machine operators and assemblers.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: acling maleiials and vaiious ioducls Ly land; llling Lol-
lles, Loxes, Lags and ollei conlaineis will ioducls Ly land; laLelling ioducls and conlaineis
Ly land; loading and unloading velicles; conveying goods, maleiial and equimenl lo woil
aieas; cleaning maclineiy, equimenl and lools; soiling ioducls oi comonenls Ly land.
9321 Hand Packers
9329 Manufacturing Labourers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup9321
Hand Packers
Hand packers weigh, pack and label materials
and products by hand.
Tasls include
(a) weighing, wrapping, sealing and packing ma-
leiials and vaiious ioducls Ly land;
(L) llling Lollles, cans, Loxes, Lags and ollei
conlaineis will ioducls Ly land;
(c) laLelling ioducls, aclages and vaiious
containers by hand.
y Labeller (hand)
y Packer (hand)
y Wrapper (hand)
y IaLelling macline oeialoi 8183
y Pacling macline oeialoi 8183
y Wiaing macline oeialoi 8183
Unit0rcup9329
Manufacturing Labourers Not EIsewhere

CIassied
Manulacluiing laLouieis nol elsewleie classiled
assist the work of machine operators and assem-
Lleis and eiloim a vaiiely ol simle and iou-
line manual lasls in manulacluiing, excluding
packing and labelling nished products.
Tasls include
(a) conveying goods, maleiial, equimenl and
ollei ilems lo woil aieas, and iemoving ln-
isled ieces;
(L) loading and unloading velicles, liucls and
liolleys;
(c) clearing machine blockages, and cleaning
maclineiy, equimenl and lools;
(d) carrying out manual sorting of products or
components.
y Bottle sorter
y Factory hand
y Maleiial landlei
y Stacker
y Llecliical equimenl assemLlei 8212
y Lleclionic equimenl assemLlei 8212
y Ieallei ioducls assemLlei 8219
y RuLLei ioducls assemLlei 8219
y Hand aclei 9321
Mincr0rcup933
Transport and 5torage Labourers
Tiansoil and sloiage laLouieis ioel cycles and similai velicles and diive animal-diawn
velicles lo liansoil assengeis oi goods, diive animal-diawn maclineiy, landle lieigll and
Laggage, and slocl slelves.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ioelling cycles and similai velicles lo liansoil as-
sengeis oi goods; diiving animal-diawn velicles lo liansoil assengeis oi goods; diiving
animal-diawn maclineiy; caiiying oul lieigll landling Ly land; slocling slelves and dislay
areas in stores.
9331HandandPedaIVehicIeDrivers
9332 Drivers of AnimaI-drawn VehicIes and Machinery
9333FreightHandIers
93345heIfFiIIers
Unit0rcup9331
HandandPedaIVehicIeDrivers
Hand and edal velicle diiveis ioel cycles,
land cails and similai velicles lo delivei mes-
sages and transport passengers or goods.
Tasls include
(a) loading and unloading goods, or assisting
assengeis in gelling on oi o a velicle;
(L) moving velicle in lle desiied diieclion will
due regard to other trafc and trafc regula-
lions;
(c) insecling velicle comonenls lo idenlily
weai and damage;
(d) mainlaining velicle, maling minoi ieaiis
and inslalling ielacemenl ails;
(e) collecting fares or charges.
y Bicycle courier
y Cycle iiclslaw diivei
y Pedal velicle diivei
y Rickshaw puller
y Bicycle iacei 3421
y Moloicyclisl 8321
Unit0rcup9332
Drivers of AnimaI-drawn VehicIes and Machinery

Diiveis ol animal-diawn velicles and ma-
clineiy diive animal-diawn velicles lo liansoil
passengers or goods, as well as animal-drawn
machinery usually in connection with farming.
Tasls include
(a) lainessing animals and lilcling llem lo ve-
licles oi maclineiy;
(b) loading or unloading goods, or assisting pas-
sengeis in gelling on oi o a velicle;
(c) diiving animals in lle desiied diieclion will
due regard to other trafc and trafc regula-
lions;
(d) collecling laies oi claiges;
(e) diiving animals lo laul wagons in mines oi
quaiiies;
(l) diiving animals lilcled lo laim oi ollei ma-
clineiy;
(g) diiving woiling elelanls;
(l) mainlaining velicle oi maclineiy, maling
minoi ieaiis and inslalling ielacemenl ails;
(i) grooming and feeding animals.
y Animal-diawn velicle diivei
y Animal liain diivei
y Maloul
y 1ocley 3421
Unit0rcup9333
FreightHandIers
Freight handlers carry out tasks such as packing,
carrying, loading and unloading furniture and
other household items, or loading and unloading
ship and aircraft cargo and other freight, or car-
iying and slacling goods in vaiious waielouses.
Tasls include
(a) packing ofce or household furniture, ma-
chines, appliances and related goods to be
liansoiled liom one lace lo anollei;
(b) carrying goods to be loaded on or unloaded
liom vans, liucls, wagons, slis oi aiiciall;
(c) loading and unloading grain, coal, sand,
baggage and other items by placing them on
conveyoi Lells, ies and ollei conveyances;
(d) connecting hoses between mainshore instal-
lation pipes and tanks of barges, tankers and
other ships to load and unload petroleum,
liqueled gases and ollei liquids;
(e) carrying and stacking goods in warehouses
and similai eslaLlislmenls;
(f) sorting cargo prior to loading and unloading.
y Baggage handler
y Freight handler
y Warehouse porter
y Ciane oeialoi 8343
y !oillill oeialoi 8344
y Holel oilei 9621
y Iuggage oilei 9621
Unit0rcup9334
5heIfFiIIers
Slell llleis slocl slelves and dislay aieas and
keep stock clean and in order in supermarkets
and other retail and wholesale shops.
Tasls include
(a) placing goods neatly in bins and on racks,
and slacling Lully goods on oois;
(L) llling slelves will goods and ensuiing llal
goods with the earliest use-by dates are at the
lionl ol slelves;
(c) iemoving goods will asl due use-Ly dales;
(d) mainlaining slell oidei Ly iemoving slocl
Lelonging in a dieienl localion;
(e) noting what has been sold and collecting
goods needed liom lle sloclioom;
(f) obtaining articles for customers from shelf or
sloclioom;
(g) directing customers to location of articles
sougll;
(l) ieceiving, oening, unacling and insecling
for damage merchandise from manufacturer
or distributor.
y Night ller
y Stock ller
y Stock handler
Sub-ma|cr0rcup94
Food Preparation Assistants
!ood ieaialion assislanls ieaie and cool lo oidei a small vaiiely ol ie-cooled lood oi
Leveiages, cleai laLles, clean lilclen aieas and wasl disles. Mosl occualions in llis suL-
majoi giou iequiie slills al lle lisl !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: ieaiing simle oi ie-
ieaied loods and Leveiages sucl as sandwicles, izzas, lsl and clis, salads and coee;
wasling, culling, measuiing and mixing loods loi cooling; oeialing cooling equimenl sucl
as giills, miciowaves and dee-lal liyeis; cleaning lilclens, lood ieaialion aieas and seivice
aieas; cleaning cooling and geneial ulensils used in lilclens and ieslauianls.
Mincr0rcup941
Food Preparation Assistants
!ood ieaialion assislanls ieaie and cool lo oidei a small vaiiely ol ie-cooled lood oi
Leveiages, cleai laLles, clean lilclen aieas and wasl disles.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: ieaiing simle oi ie-ieaied loods and Leveiages sucl
as sandwicles, izzas, lsl and clis, salads and coee; wasling, culling, measuiing and
mixing loods loi cooling; oeialing cooling equimenl sucl as giills, miciowaves and dee-
lal liyeis; cleaning lilclens, lood ieaialion aieas and seivice aieas; cleaning cooling and
general utensils used in kitchens and restaurants.
9411 Fast Food Preparers
9412 Kitchen HeIpers
Unit0rcup9411
Fast Food Preparers

Fast food preparers prepare and cook to order
a limiled iange ol loods oi Leveiages llal in-
volve simle ieaialion iocesses and a small
numLei ol ingiedienls. Tley may lale oideis
liom cuslomeis and seive al counleis oi laLles.
Tasls include
(a) preparing simple or pre-prepared foods and
Leveiages sucl as sandwicles, lamLuigeis,
izzas, lsl and clis, salads and coee;
(L) wasling, culling, measuiing and mixing
loods loi cooling;
(c) oeiali ng laige-volume si ngle-iocess
cooling equimenl sucl as giills, dee-lal
liyeis oi giiddles;
(d) ie-lealing ie-ieaied lood;
(e) cleaning food preparation areas, cooking
suilaces and ulensils;
(l) laling and seiving lood and Leveiage oideis
in ealing laces llal secialize in lasl seivice
and caiiy-oul lood;
(g) oideiing and laling deliveiy ol lasl lood in-
giedienls;
(h) maintaining sanitation and health and safety
slandaids in woil aieas;
(i) veiilying llal ieaied lood meels iequiie-
menls loi qualily and quanlily.
y Fast food cook
y Hamburger maker
y Pizza maker
y Short order cook
y Clel 3434
y Cool 5120
Note
Jobs that combine preparation of simple food items
will laling oideis, seiving clienls and calculaling oi ie-
ceiving aymenl slould Le classiled in \nil Giou 5246:
!ood Seivice Counlei Allendanls, unless clienl seivice
is an incidental component of the work.
Unit0rcup9412
Kitchen HeIpers
Kitchen helpers clear tables, clean kitchen areas,
wash dishes, prepare ingredients and perform
other duties to assist workers who prepare or
seive lood and Leveiages.
Tasls include
(a) cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas
and seivice aieas;
(b) assisting cooks and chefs in preparation of
food by washing, peeling, chopping, cutting,
measuiing and mixing ingiedienls;
(c) assemLling disles loi seivice;
(d) unpacking, checking, transferring, weighing
and storing supplies in refrigerators, cup-
Loaids and ollei sloiage aieas;
(e) washing dishes and cooking utensils and put-
ling llem away;
(f) preparing, cooking, toasting and heating
simple food items.
y Hand dishwasher
y Kitchen assistant
y Kitchen hand
y Kitchen porter
y Kitchen steward
y Pantry attendant
y Cool 5120
Sub-ma|cr0rcup95
5treet and PeIated 5aIes and 5ervices Workers
Slieel and ielaled sales and seivices woileis sell goods (excluding lood) loi immediale con-
sumlion, and iovide a vaiiely ol seivices on slieels and in ollei uLlic laces sucl as
slalions. Mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiie slills al lle lisl !SCO slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: Luying oi maling
vaiious ilems loi sale; loading and unloading ilems loi sale and liansoiling llem; oLlaining
lle maleiials necessaiy lo eiloim seivices; aioacling eole on lle slieel lo oei goods oi
seivices; cleaning and olisling sloes; cleaning and olisling cai windows; iunning eiiands;
assisling cai diiveis lo lnd a ailing lace and ensuiing llal lle cai is nol damaged duiing
lle diivei`s aLsence; landing oul leaels and liee newsaeis; ieceiving immediale aymenl.
951 5treet and PeIated 5ervices Workers
952 5treet Vendors (excIuding Food)
Mincr0rcup951
5treet and PeIated 5ervices Workers
Slieel and ielaled seivices woileis iovide a vaiiely ol seivices on slieels and in ollei uLlic
places, including cleaning shoes, washing car windows, running errands, looking after prop-
eily, and ioviding ollei on-lle-sol slieel seivices.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: oLlaining lle maleiials necessaiy lo eiloim seivices; a-
ioacling eole on lle slieel lo oei seivices; cleaning and olisling sloes; cleaning and
olisling cai windows; iunning eiiands; assisling cai diiveis lo lnd a ailing lace and en-
suiing llal lle cai is nol damaged duiing lle diivei`s aLsence; landing oul leaels and liee
newsaeis; ieceiving immediale aymenl.
9510 5treet and PeIated 5ervices Workers
Unit0rcup9510
5treet and PeIated 5ervices Workers

Slieel and ielaled seivices woileis iovide a
vaiiely ol seivices on slieels and in ollei uLlic
places, including cleaning shoes, washing car
windows, iunning eiiands, landing oul leaels,
looling allei ioeily, and ioviding ollei on-
lle-sol slieel seivices.
Tasls include
(a) obtaining the materials necessary to perform
seivices;
(L) aioacling eole on lle slieel lo oei sei-
vices;
(c) cleaning and olisling sloes;
(d) cleaning and olisling cai windows;
(e) iunning eiiands;
(l) assisling cai diiveis lo lnd a ailing lace
and ensuring that the car is not damaged
duiing lle diivei`s aLsence;
(g) landing oul leaels and liee newsaeis;
(l) ieceiving immediale aymenl.
y Car guard
y Car window washer
y Errand boy
y Free newspaper distributor
y Ieael disliiLuloi
y Shoe-polisher
y Seivice slalion allendanl 5245
y Ieael and newsaei deliveieis 9621
Mincr0rcup952
5treet Vendors (excIuding Food)
Slieel vendois (excluding lood) sell a usually limiled iange ol goods (excluding lood loi im-
mediate consumption) in streets and public places such as stations, cinemas or theatres.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: Luying oi ieceiving ilems loi sale, oi maling simle ilems;
loading and unloading Laslels, liays, suilcases, uslcails, Licycles, land-liucls oi ollei veli-
cles, lo liansoil goods lo lle slieels oi uLlic laces sucl as slalions oi cinemas; dislaying
goods oi calling oul lo alliacl cuslomeis` allenlion; aioacling olenlial cuslomeis on
slieels, oi Ly going liom louse lo louse, lo oei goods loi sale; ieceiving immediale aymenl.
9520 5treet Vendors (excIuding Food)
Unit0rcup9520
5treet Vendors (excIuding Food)

Slieel vendois (excluding lood) sell a usually lim-
iled iange ol goods (excluding lood loi imme-
diate consumption) in streets and public places
such as stations, cinemas or theatres.
Tasls include
(a) Luying oi ieceiving ilems loi sale, oi maling
simle ilems;
(b) loading and unloading baskets, trays, push-
cails, Licycles, land-liucls oi ollei velicles,
to transport goods to the streets or public
laces sucl as slalions oi cinemas;
(c) displaying goods or calling out to attract cus-
lomeis` allenlion;
(d) approaching potential customers on streets,
or by going from house to house, to offer
goods loi sale;
(e) ieceiving immediale aymenl.
y Hawker
y ewsaei vendoi
y Pedlar
y Dooi-lo-dooi sales ieiesenlalive 5243
y !iee newsaei disliiLuloi 9510
Note
Giou 9520: Slieel Vendois (excluding !ood).
Sub-ma|cr0rcup96
Pefuse Workers and Dther EIementary Workers
Refuse workers and other elementary workers collect, process and recycle garbage from build-
ings, yaids, slieels and ollei uLlic laces. Tley lee slieels and ollei uLlic laces clean and
lidy, delivei and caiiy messages and aclages and eiloim odd joLs loi iivale louselolds
oi eslaLlislmenls. Mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiie slills al lle lisl !SCO
slill level.
Tasls eiloimed Ly woileis in llis suL-majoi giou usually include: collecling, loading and
unloading gaiLage; sweeing slieels, ails and ollei uLlic laces; cloing liewood; col-
lecling and caiiying liewood, walei, aclages, luggage and messages; Lealing dusl oul ol
carpets and performing other odd-job tasks.
961 Pefuse Workers
962 Dther EIementary Workers
Mincr0rcup961
Pefuse Workers
Refuse workers collect, process and recycle garbage from buildings, yards, streets and other
public places, or keep streets and other public places clean.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: collecling, loading and unloading gaiLage; sweeing slieels,
ails and ollei uLlic laces; soiling and iecycling gaiLage sucl as aei, glass, laslic oi
aluminium.
9611 Sarbage and PecycIing CoIIectors
9612Pefuse5orters
9613 5weepers and PeIated Labourers
Unit0rcup9611
Sarbage and PecycIing CoIIectors

GaiLage colleclois collecl and iemove iuLLisl
and items for recycling from buildings, yards,
streets and other places.
Tasls include
(a) collecting rubbish and recyclable materials
and locating them into bins and garbage and
iecycling liucls;
(L) iiding on oi in gaiLage and iecycling liucls;
(c) lifting garbage bins and emptying contents
inlo liucls and laigei conlaineis;
(d) unloading garbage and recycling trucks.
y Duslman/woman
y Recycling collector
y Refuse collector
y GaiLage liucl diivei 8332
y Wasle iclei 9612
Unit0rcup9612
Pefuse5orters
Refuse sorters identify, collect and sort dis-
carded items suitable for recycling at dump sites
and recycling enterprises or in buildings, streets
and other public places.
Tasls include
(a) searching through refuse and collecting items
for recycling from dump sites, domestic,
commercial and industrial premises or from
uLlic laces sucl as slieels;
(b) sorting cardboard, paper, glass, plastic, alu-
minium oi ollei iecyclaLle maleiials Ly lye;
(c) placing recyclable items and materials in
designated compartments and containers for
sloiage oi liansoilalion;
(d) identifying and setting aside items of furni-
luie, equimenl, maclineiy oi comonenls
llal aie suilaLle loi ieaii oi ie-use;
(e) transporting recyclable items by hand or
using non-moloiized velicles;
(f) selling recyclable or reusable materials.
y Recycling worker
y Scrap merchant
y Waste picker
y Reluse collecloi 9611
Unit0rcup9613
5weepers and PeIated Labourers

Sweepers and related labourers sweep and clean
streets, parks, airports, stations and other public
places.
Tasls include
(a) sweeping streets, parks, airports, stations
and similai uLlic laces;
(L) slovelling snow;
(c) beating dust out of carpets by using a carpet-
Lealei;
(d) cleaning iuLLisl, leaves and snow liom
diiveways and giounds.
y Park sweeper
y Street sweeper
Mincr0rcup962
Dther EIementary Workers
Ollei elemenlaiy woileis delivei and caiiy messages and aclages; eiloim a vaiiely ol
simle mainlenance and ieaii lasls; collecl money and slocl vending maclines; iead meleis;
collecl walei and liewood; and collecl and issue liclels loi ailing oi evenls.
Tasls eiloimed usually include: cloing wood and collecling walei and liewood; cleaning
and mainlaining Luildings, giounds and lacililies; deliveiing messages, aclages and ollei
ilems willin oi Lelween eslaLlislmenls, oi elsewleie; eiloiming dulies as a osl-iunnei;
issuing and collecling liclels and asses; calculaling ailing claiges; llling sloiage aieas
ol vending maclines and collecling money liom conlaineis; ieading elecliicily, gas oi walei
meters and recording consumption.
9621 Messengers, Package DeIiverers and Luggage Porters
9622 Ddd-job Persons
9623 Meter Peaders and Vending-machine CoIIectors
9624 Water and Firewood CoIIectors
9629 EIementary Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied
Unit0rcup9621
Messengers, Package DeIiverers and Luggage

Porters
Messengeis, aclage deliveieis and luggage oi-
leis caiiy and delivei messages, aclages and
other items on foot, within an establishment or
between establishments, to households and else-
where, or carry luggage, especially at hotels, sta-
tions and airports.
Tasls include
(a) deliveiing messages, aclages and ollei
items within an establishment or between
eslaLlislmenls oi elsewleie;
(L) deliveiing vaiious goods lo and liom enlei-
iises, slos, louselolds and ollei laces;
(c) caiiying and deliveiing luggage al lolels,
slalions, aiioils and elsewleie;
(d) ieceiving and mailing Laggage Ly com-
leling and allacling claim clecls;
(e) planning and following the most efficient
ioule;
(l) soiling ilems lo Le deliveied accoiding lo lle
deliveiy ioule.
y Hotel porter
y Ieael deliveiei
y Luggage porter
y Messengei
y ewsaei deliveiei
y Mail caiiiei 4412
y Poslman/woman 4412
Unit0rcup9622
Ddd-job Persons
Odd-job persons clean, paint and maintain
buildings, grounds and facilities, and undertake
simple repairs.
Tasls include
(a) repairing broken windows, screens, doors,
lences, LaiLecues, icnic laLles, slelves, cu-
Loaids and ollei ilems;
(L) ielacing deleclive ilems sucl as ligll LulLs;
(c) ieaiiing and ainling inleiioi and exleiioi
suilaces sucl as walls, ceilings and lences;
(d) adjusling doois and windows;
(e) ielacing la wasleis;
(l) ulling u landiails and giaL iails;
(g) unloading coal or wood and putting it into cel-
lais ol iivale louselolds oi eslaLlislmenls.
y Handyperson
y Hotel useful
y Odd-job person
Unit0rcup9623
Meter Peaders and Vending-machine CoIIectors

Melei ieadeis and vending-macline colleclois
slocl vending maclines and collecl money liom
them or from parking meters and other coin-
Loxes, oi iead elecliicily, gas oi walei meleis.
Tasls include
(a) llling sloiage aieas ol vending maclines and
collecling money liom lleii conlaineis;
(b) collecting money from parking meters and
similai coinLoxes;
(c) reading electricity, gas or water meters and
iecoiding consumlion;
(d) keeping records of merchandise distributed
and money collecled;
(e) proceeding along established routes to take
ieadings ol melei dials;
(l) veiilying ieadings in cases wleie consum-
tion appears to be abnormal, and recording
ossiLle ieasons loi uclualions;
(g) inspecting meters for unauthorized connec-
tions, defects and damage such as broken seals.
y Melei ieadei
y Vending-machine collector
Unit0rcup9624
Water and Firewood CoIIectors

Water and rewood collectors collect water and
rewood and transport them on foot or using
hand or animal carts.
Tasls include
(a) cutting and collecting wood from forests for
sale in market or as fuel or for own consump-
lion;
(L) visiling loiesls oi lelds lo icl ieces ol diied
wood from the ground and arranging them
in leas;
(c) cutting decayed branches and trunks of trees
using axes and land-saws;
(d) tying collected wood into small faggots and
carrying them or transporting them on a cart
lo lle mailel loi sale oi lo villages oi louse-
lolds loi use;
(e) diawing walei liom wells, iiveis oi onds,
elc. loi domeslic use;
(f) collecting water in leather bags, buckets or
ollei conlaineis liom las, iiveis, onds oi
wells, and deliveiing lle walei lo woil siles,
the houses of clients or to own household
for drinking, cleaning of drains or storage in
tanks.
y Firewood collector
y Water collector
Unit0rcup9629
EIementary Workers Not EIsewhere CIassied

Tlis unil giou coveis elemenlaiy woileis nol
classiled elsewleie in Majoi Giou 9: Llemen-
tary Occupations. For instance, the group in-
cludes those who issue and collect parking or
admission liclels, iovide eisonal ilems lo
patrons or customers in cloakrooms, and assist
alions al enleilainmenl evenls.
(a) selling admission tickets and passes to pa-
lions al enleilainmenl evenls oi collecling
liclels, asses and lags liom alions;
(L) examining liclels oi asses lo veiily aullen-
ticity, using criteria such as colour and date
issued;
(c) guiding alions lo exils oi ioviding ollei in-
sliuclions oi assislance in case ol emeigency;
(d) directing patrons to restrooms, concession
slands and lelelones;
(e) diiecling velicle diiveis lo ailing saces;
(l) aliolling ailing aieas in oidei lo ievenl
velicle damage and velicle ioeily llell;
(g) calculating parking charges and collecting
lees liom cuslomeis;
(h) assigning dressing room facilities, locker
space or clothing containers to patrons of
athletic or bathing establishments.
y Cloakroom attendant
y Fairground attendant
y Parking attendant
y Ticlel collecloi
y Usher
y Pailing valel 8322
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 0 Aimed !oices Occualions 357
Ma|cr0rcup0
APMEDFDPCE5DCCUPAT!DN5
Aimed loices occualions include all joLs leld Ly memLeis ol lle aimed loices. MemLeis ol
lle aimed loices aie llose eisonnel wlo aie cuiienlly seiving in lle aimed loices, including
auxiliaiy seivices, wlellei on a volunlaiy oi comulsoiy Lasis, and wlo aie nol liee lo accel
civilian emloymenl and aie suLjecl lo mililaiy disciline. !ncluded aie iegulai memLeis ol
lle aimy, navy, aii loice and ollei mililaiy seivices, as well as consciils eniolled loi mililaiy
liaining oi ollei seivice loi a seciled eiiod.
01 Commissioned Armed Forces Dfcers
02 Non-commissioned Armed Forces Dfcers
03 Armed Forces Dccupations, Dther Panks
Excluded from this group are:
y joLs leld Ly eisons in civilian emloymenl ol goveinmenl eslaLlislmenls conceined will
delence issues;
y olice (ollei llan mililaiy olice);
y cusloms inseclois and memLeis ol Loidei oi ollei aimed civilian seivices.
Note
Many joLs eiloimed Ly memLeis ol lle aimed loices aie similai, in leims ol lle naluie ol lle woil
eiloimed, lo civilian occualions sucl as medical doclois, iadio oeialois, cools, secielaiies and
leavy liucl diiveis. Concelually, il may Le aioiiale, lleieloie, lo classily sucl joLs in lle aimed
loices will similai civilian joLs. Tlis aioacl is adoled in seveial nalional occualion classilcalions.
Tyically sucl classilcalions also idenlily a numLei ol mililaiy-secilc occualional gious. !n many
counliies, lowevei, il is nol ossiLle lo ioduce inloimalion aLoul lle naluie ol lle woil eiloimed Ly
memLeis ol lle aimed loices. !n adaling !SCO-08 loi nalional uioses counliies may wisl, lleieloie,
to consider what approach best suits their circumstances and user needs. For purposes of international
comaiaLilily, lowevei, wleie dala eilaining lo memLeis ol lle aimed loices aie ieoiled and classi-
led Ly occualion, lley slould Le included, wleie ossiLle, in !SCO-08 Majoi Giou 0: Aimed !oices
Occupations.
Sub-ma|cr0rcup01
Commissioned Armed Forces Dfcers
Commissioned aimed loices omceis iovide leadeisli and managemenl lo oiganizalional
unils in lle aimed loices and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol
civilian occualions oulside lle aimed loices. Tlis giou includes all memLeis ol lle aimed
loices lolding lle ianl ol second lieulenanl (oi equivalenl) oi liglei. Comelenl eiloimance
in mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle louill !SCO slill level.
delence issues;
Mincr0rcup011
Commissioned aimed loices omceis iovide leadeisli and managemenl lo oiganizalional
unils in lle aimed loices and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol
civilian occualions oulside lle aimed loices. Tlis giou includes all memLeis ol lle aimed
loices lolding lle ianl ol second lieulenanl (oi equivalenl) oi liglei.
delence issues;
Unit0rcup0110

Commissioned aimed loices omceis iovide lead-
ership and management to organizational units in
lle aimed loices and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo
llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol civilian occua-
lions oulside lle aimed loices. Tlis giou includes
all members of the armed forces holding the rank
ol second lieulenanl (oi equivalenl) oi liglei.
y Admiial
y Aii commodoie
y Aii maislal
y Brigadier (army)
y Captain (air force)
y Captain (army)
y Calain (navy)
y Colonel (army)
y Field marshal
y Flight lieutenant (air force)
y Flying ofcer (military)
y Geneial (aimy)
y Giou calain (aii loice)
y Lieutenant (army)
y Majoi (aimy)
y Midsliman
y aval omcei (mililaiy)
y avy commandei
y Ofcer cadet (armed forces)
y Second lieutenant (army)
y Squadion leadei
y SuLlieulenanl (navy)
y Wing commander
y joLs leld Ly eisons in civilian
emloymenl ol goveinmenl eslaLlislmenls
conceined will delence issues;
y customs inspectors and members of
Loidei oi ollei aimed civilian seivices.
Delnilions: Majoi Giou 0 Aimed !oices Occualions 359
Sub-ma|cr0rcup02
Non-commissioned Armed Forces Dfcers
on-commissioned aimed loices omceis enloice mililaiy disciline and sueivise lle acliv-
ilies ol llose emloyed in SuL-majoi Giou 03: Aimed !oices Occualions, Ollei Ranls,
and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol civilian occualions oulside
lle aimed loices. Tlis giou includes memLeis ol lle aimed loices lolding ianls sucl as
sergeant, warrant ofcer and sergeant major. Competent performance in most occupations in
llis suL-majoi giou iequiies slills al lle second !SCO slill level.
delence issues;
Mincr0rcup021
on-commissioned aimed loices omceis enloice mililaiy disciline and sueivise lle acliv-
ilies ol llose emloyed in SuL-majoi Giou 03: Aimed !oices Occualions, Ollei Ranls,
and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol civilian occualions oulside
lle aimed loices. Tlis giou includes memLeis ol lle aimed loices lolding ianls sucl as
sergeant, warrant ofcer and sergeant major.
delence issues;
Unit0rcup0210

Non-commissioned armed forces officers en-
loice mililaiy disciline and sueivise lle acliv-
ilies ol llose emloyed in SuL-majoi Giou03:
Aimed !oices Occualions, Ollei Ranls, and/
or perform similar tasks to those performed
in a vaiiely ol civilian occualions oulside lle
aimed loices. Tlis giou includes memLeis ol
the armed forces holding ranks such as sergeant,
warrant ofcer and sergeant major.
y Boalswain (navy)
y Flight sergeant
y Sergeant (army)
y Sergeant major
y Warrant ofcer
emloymenl ol goveinmenl
establishments concerned with defence
issues;
Sub-ma|cr0rcup03
Armed Forces Dccupations, Dther Panks
Aimed loices occualions, ollei ianls include all consciiled and non-consciiled memLeis
ol lle aimed loices excel commissioned and non-commissioned omceis. Tley eiloim se-
cilc mililaiy lasls and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol civilian
occualions oulside lle aimed loices. Mosl occualions in llis suL-majoi giou iequiie slills
al lle lisl !SCO slill level.
delence issues;
Mincr0rcup031
Aimed loices occualions, ollei ianls include all consciiled and non-consciiled memLeis
ol lle aimed loices excel commissioned and non-commissioned omceis. Tley eiloim se-
cilc mililaiy lasls and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol civilian
occupations outside the armed forces.
delence issues;
Unit0rcup0310

Aimed loices occualions, ollei ianls include
all conscripted and non-conscripted members of
lle aimed loices excel commissioned and non-
commissioned olliceis. Tley eiloim secilic
mililaiy lasls and/oi eiloim similai lasls lo
llose eiloimed in a vaiiely ol civilian occua-
tions outside the armed forces.
y Aiiman
y Bombardier
y Corporal (air force)
y Corporal (army)
y Coxswain (navy)
y Gunnei
y !nlanliyman/woman
y Paratrooper
y Rieman/woman
y Seaman/woman (navy)
emloymenl ol goveinmenl eslaLlislmenls
conceined will delence issues;
P/RT\
CDPPE5PDNDENCEW!TH!5CD-88
Coiiesondence laLle: !SCO-08 lo !SCO-88 363
CDPPE5PDNDENCETABLE:!5CD-08TD!5CD-88
Tlis laLle slows lle coiiesonding !SCO-88 codes andlilles loi eacl !SCO-08 unil giou.
Tle lellei is used lo indicale llal only ail ol lle !SCO-88 giou coiiesonds will lle
!SCO-08 giou. Commenls aie iovided wleie lle secilc occualions involved in a ailiculai
ailial coiiesondence may nol Le sell-evidenl, oi wleie ollei claiilcalion may Le necessaiy.
Code
ISCO-88
code
ISCO-88 title Comments
Legislators 1111 1110 Legislators
Senior Government
Officials
1112 1120 Senioi Goveinmenl Ollicials
Traditional Chiefs
andHeads of Villages
1113 1130 Tiadilional Cliels andHeads ol
Villages
Senior Officials
of Special-interest
Organizations
1114 1141 Senior Officials of Political-
party Organisations
1142 Senior Officials of Employers,
Woileis` andOllei Lconomic-
interest Organisations
1143 Senior Officials of Humanitarian
andOllei Secial-inleiesl
Organisations
Managing Directors
andChief Executives
1120 1210 Diieclois andCliel Lxeculives
Finance Managers 1211 1231 p !inance andAdminislialion
Deailmenl Manageis
1317 p Geneial Manageis ol Business
Seivices
Manageis ol eslaLlislmenls
ioviding accounling oi
similai seivices
Human Resource
Managers
1212 1232 Peisonnel and!ndusliial
Relalions Deailmenl Manageis
Seivices
Manageis ol eslaLlislmenls
ioviding luman iesouice
andieciuilmenl seivices
Policy andPlanning
Managers
1213 1229 p Pioduclion andOeialions
Deailmenl Manageis ol
Elsewhere Classified

1239 Ollei Deailmenl Manageis
Not Elsewhere Classified
Manageis ol lanning
andolicy deailmenls
in establishments other
than those in public
administration, compulsory
social security, education,
lealll, social woil, exlia
territorial organizations
andLodies, andieciealional,
culluial andsoiling
aclivilies (as delined in !S!C
Rev. 3)
Business Services
andAdministration
Managers Not
Deailmenl Manageis in
Business Seivices
1228 Pioduclion andOeialions
Personal Care, Cleaning
andRelaled Seivices
Building seivices andcleaning
department managers
Code
ISCO-88
code
Business Services
andAdministration
Managers Not
1229 p Pioduclion andOeialions
1231 p !inance andAdminislialion
Deailmenl Manageis
Adminislialion deailmenl
managers
Seivices
1318 Geneial Manageis in Peisonal
Caie, Cleaning andRelaled
Seivices
Manageis ol conliacl cleaning
companies
Sales andMarketing
Managers
1221 1233 Sales andMaileling Deailmenl
Manageis
Seivices
Manageis ol maileling
companies
Advertising andPublic
Relations Managers
1222 1234 Adveilising andPuLlic Relalions
Deailmenl Manageis
Seivices
Manageis ol adveilising
anduLlic ielalions
companies
Research
andDevelopment
Managers
1223 1237 Reseaicl andDevelomenl
Deailmenl Manageis
1319 p Geneial Manageis ol
Reseaicl anddevelomenl
company managers
Agricultural
andForestry Production
Managers
Agiiculluie, Hunling, !oiesliy
and!isling
Aquaculture
andFisheries
Production Managers
and!isling
Manufacturing
Managers
Manulacluiing
1312 p Geneial Manageis in
Manulacluiing
Mining Managers 1322 1222 p Pioduclion andOeialions
Manulacluiing
1312 p Geneial Manageis in
Manulacluiing
Manageis ol small mining
andquaiiying Lusinesses
Construction Managers 1323 1223 p Pioduclion andOeialions
Construction
1313 Geneial Manageis in
Construction
Supply, Distribution
andRelated Managers
Deailmenl Manageis
in Tiansoil, Sloiage
andCommunicalions
Postmasters, station masters
and transport, storage
anddisliiLulion deailmenl
managers
1235 Suly andDisliiLulion
Deailmenl Manageis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Supply, Distribution
andRelated Managers
1316 p Geneial Manageis in Tiansoil,
Sloiage andCommunicalions
Information
andCommunications
Technology Services
Managers
Deailmenl Manageis
in Tiansoil, Sloiage
andCommunicalions
Telecommunicalions
department managers
1236 Comuling Seivices Deailmenl
Manageis
1316 p Geneial Manageis in Tiansoil,
Sloiage andCommunicalions
Seivices
Manageis ol small comuling
andlelecommunicalions
companies
Child Care Services
Managers
Health Services
Managers
2230 p uising andMidwileiy
Professionals
Hospital matrons and
principal nursing officers
Aged Care Services
Managers
2230 p uising andMidwileiy
Professionals
Malions andiincial
nursing officers in aged care
facilities
Social Welfare
Managers
Education Managers 1345 1229 p Pioduclion andOeialions
Financial andInsurance
Services Branch
Managers
Business Seivices
Seivices
Professional Services
Managers Not
Code
ISCO-88
code
Hotel Managers 1411 1225 p Pioduclion andOeialions
Reslauianls andHolels
Restaurant Managers 1412 1225 p Pioduclion andOeialions
Retail andWholesale
Trade Managers
1420 1224 Pioduclion andOeialions
Wlolesale andRelail Tiade
1314 p Geneial Manageis in Wlolesale
andRelail Tiade
Sports, Recreation
andCultural Centre
Managers
1431 1319 p Geneial Manageis ol
Services Managers Not
Physicists
andAstronomers
2111 2111 Plysicisls andAslionomeis
Meteorologists 2112 2112 Meleoiologisls
Chemists 2113 2113 p Chemists
Geologists
andGeophysicists
2114 2114 Geologisls andGeolysicisls
Mathematicians,
Actuaries
andStatisticians
2120 2121 Mallemalicians andRelaled
Professionals
2122 Statisticians
Biologists, Botanists,
Zoologists andRelated
Professionals
2131 2211 p Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists
andRelaled Piolessionals
2212 p Pharmacologists, Pathologists
Plant pathologists,
pharmacologists
Farming, Forestry
andFisheries Advisers
2132 2213 Agionomisls andRelaled
Professionals
3213 !aiming and!oiesliy Adviseis
Environmental
Protection Professionals
2133 2211 p Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists
Industrial
andProduction
Engineers
2141 2149 p Aiclilecls, Lngineeis
andRelaled Piolessionals ol
Civil Engineers 2142 2142 Civil Lngineeis
Environmental
Engineers
Code
ISCO-88
code
Mechanical Engineers 2144 2145 Meclanical Lngineeis
Chemical Engineers 2145 2146 Chemical Engineers
Mining Engineers,
Metallurgists
andRelated
Professionals
2146 2147 Mining Lngineeis, Melalluigisls
Engineering
Professionals Not
Electrical Engineers 2151 2143 Electrical Engineers
Electronics Engineers 2152 2144 p Lleclionics andTelecom-
munications Engineers
Telecommunications
Engineers
2153 2144 p Electronics
andTelecommunicalions
Engineers
Building Architects 2161 2141 p Aiclilecls, Town andTiallic
Planners
Landscape Architects 2162 2141 p Aiclilecls, Town andTiallic
Planners
Product andGarment
Designers
2163 3471 p Decoialois andCommeicial
Designeis
Town andTraffic
Planners
2164 2141 p Aiclilecls, Town andTiallic
Planners
Cartographers
andSurveyors
2165 2148 Cailogialeis andSuiveyois
Graphic andMultimedia
Designers
Designeis
2452 p Scullois, Painleis andRelaled
Ailisls
Commercial artists
Generalist Medical
Practitioners
2211 2221 p Medical Doclois
Specialist Medical
Practitioners
2212 2212 p Pharmacologists, Pathologists
Human pathologists,
histopathologists,
endocrinologists,
neuropathologists
2221 p Medical Doclois
Nursing Professionals 2221 2230 p uising andMidwileiy
Professionals
Midwifery Professionals 2222 2230 p uising andMidwileiy
Professionals
Traditional
andComplementary
Medicine Professionals
2230 3229 p Modein Healll Associale
Piolessionals (excel uising)
Homeopaths
3241 p Tiadilional Medicine
Practitioners
Paramedical
Practitioners
2240 3221 p Medical Assislanls
Veterinarians 2250 2212 p Pharmacologists, Pathologists
Animal andveleiinaiy
pathologists
2223 Veterinarians
Code
ISCO-88
code
Dentists 2261 2222 Denlisls
Pharmacists 2262 2113 p Chemists Industrial pharmacists,
pharmaceutical chemists
2224 Pharmacists
Environmental
andOccupational
Health andHygiene
Professionals
2263 2229 p Healll Piolessionals (excel
Nursing) Not Elsewhere
Classified
2412 p Peisonnel andCaieeis
Professionals
3152 p Salely, Healll andQualily
Inspectors
3222 p Sanitarians
Physiotherapists 2264 3226 p Plysiolleiaisls andRelaled
Dieticians
andNutritionists
2265 3223 Dielicians anduliilionisls
Audiologists andSpeech
Therapists
Optometrists and
Ophthalmic Opticians
2267 3224 p Olomeliisls andOlicians
3229 p Modein Healll Associale
Orthoptists
Health Professionals
Not Elsewhere
Classified
2269 2229 p Healll Piolessionals (excel
Classified
3226 p Plysiolleiaisls andRelaled
Podiatrists, chiropractors,
osteopaths, recreational
therapists
3229 p Modein Healll Associale
Occupational therapists
University andHigher
Education Teachers
2310 2310 p College, \niveisily andHiglei
Lducalion Teacling
Professionals
Vocational Education
Teachers
2320 2310 p College, \niveisily andHiglei
Lducalion Teacling
Professionals
2320 p Secondaiy Lducalion Teacling
Professionals
Secondary Education
Teachers
2330 2320 p Secondaiy Lducalion Teacling
Professionals
Primary School
Teachers
2341 2331 Piimaiy Lducalion Teacling
Professionals
3310 Piimaiy Lducalion Teacling
Early Childhood
Educators
2342 2332 Pie-iimaiy Lducalion Teacling
Professionals
3320 Pie-iimaiy Lducalion Teacling
Code
ISCO-88
code
Education Methods
Specialists
2351 2351 Lducalion Mellods Secialisls
2352 School Inspectors
Special Needs Teachers 2352 2340 Secial Lducalion Teacling
Professionals
3330 Secial Lducalion Teacling
Other Language
Teachers
2353 2359 p Ollei Teacling Piolessionals
3340 p Ollei Teacling Associale
Professionals
Other Music Teachers 2354 2359 p Ollei Teacling Piolessionals
Other Arts Teachers 2355 2359 p Ollei Teacling Piolessionals
Professionals
Information Technology
Trainers
Professionals
Teaching Professionals
Not Elsewhere
Classified
Professionals
Accountants 2411 2411 p Accounlanls
Financial
andInvestment Advisers
2412 2411 p Accounlanls
2419 p Business Professionals Not
3411 p Secuiilies and!inance Dealeis
andBioleis
Financial Analysts 2413 2419 p Business Professionals Not
Management
andOrganization
Analysts
2421 2419 p Business Professionals Not
Policy Administration
Professionals
Personnel andCareers
Professionals
2423 2412 p Peisonnel andCaieeis
Professionals
Training andStaff
Development
Professionals
2424 2412 p Peisonnel andCaieeis
Professionals
Advertising
andMarketing
Professionals
2451 p Aullois, 1ouinalisls andOllei
Writers
Adveilising coy wiileis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Public Relations
Professionals
2451 p Aullois, 1ouinalisls andOllei
Writers
Public relations copy writers
Technical andMedical
Sales Professionals
(excluding ICT)
2433 3415 p Teclnical andCommeicial Sales
Reiesenlalives
Information
andCommunications
Technology Sales
Professionals
Reiesenlalives
Systems Analysts 2511 2131 p Comulei Syslems Designeis
andAnalysls
Software Developers 2512 2131 p Comulei Syslems Designeis
andAnalysls
Web andMultimedia
Developers
2513 2131 p Comulei Syslems Designeis
andAnalysls
2132 p Computer Programmers
2139 p Computing Professionals Not
Applications
Programmers
2514 2132 p Computer Programmers
Software and
Applications Developers
andAnalysts Not
andAnalysls
2132 p Computer Programmers
2139 p Computing Professionals Not
Database Designers
andAdministrators
andAnalysls
Systems Administrators 2522 2131 p Comulei Syslems Designeis
andAnalysls
Computer Network
Professionals
andAnalysls
2132 p Computer Programmers Communications
programmers
Database andNetwork
Professionals Not
2529 2139 p Computing Professionals Not
Lawyers 2611 2421 Lawyers
Judges 2612 2422 Judges
Legal Professionals Not
2619 2429 Legal Professionals Not
Archivists andCurators 2621 2431 Aiclivisls andCuialois
Librarians andRelated
Information
Professionals
2622 2432 IiLiaiians andRelaled
Information Professionals
Economists 2631 2441 Economists
Code
ISCO-88
code
Sociologists,
Anthropologists and
Related Professionals
2632 2442 Sociologisls, Anllioologisls
Philosophers, Historians
and Political Scientists
2633 2443 Philosophers, Historians
andPolilical Scienlisls
Psychologists 2634 2445 Psychologists
Social Work
andCounselling
Professionals
2635 2446 Social Work Professionals
Religious Professionals 2636 2460 Religious Professionals
Authors andRelated
Writers
2641 2451 p Aullois, 1ouinalisls andOllei
Writers
Journalists 2642 2451 p Aullois, 1ouinalisls andOllei
Writers
3472 p Radio, Television andOllei
Announceis
Media inleivieweis
Translators, Interpreters
andOther Linguists
2643 2444 Plilologisls, Tianslalois
and!nleiieleis
Visual Artists 2651 2452 p Scullois, Painleis andRelaled
Ailisls
Musicians, Singers
andComposers
2652 2453 Comoseis, Musicians
andSingeis
3473 p Slieel, igll-cluL andRelaled
Musicians, Singeis andDanceis
Dancers
andChoreographers
2653 2454 Cloieogialeis andDanceis
3473 p Slieel, igll-cluL andRelaled
Musicians, Singeis andDanceis
Film, Stage andRelated
Directors andProducers
2455 p !ilm, Slage andRelaled Aclois
andDiieclois
Actors 2655 2455 p !ilm, Slage andRelaled Aclois
andDiieclois
Announcers on Radio,
Television andOther
Media
2656 3472 p Radio, Television andOllei
Announceis
Creative andPerforming
Artists Not Elsewhere
Classified
2659 3474 p Clowns, Magicians, AcioLals
andRelaled Associale
Professionals
Chemical andPhysical
Science Technicians
3111 3111 Clemical andPlysical Science
Teclnicians
Civil Engineering
Technicians
3112 3112 Civil Lngineeiing Teclnicians
3151 p Building and!iie !nseclois
Electrical Engineering
Technicians
3113 3113 Electrical Engineering
Teclnicians
Inspectors
Quality inspectors (electrical
products)
Code
ISCO-88
code
Electronics Engineering
Technicians
Lngineeiing Teclnicians
Inspectors
Quality inspectors (electronic
products)
Mechanical Engineering
Technicians
3115 3115 Meclanical Lngineeiing
Teclnicians
Inspectors
Vehicle inspectors,
meclanical ioducls qualily
andsalely inseclois
Chemical Engineering
Technicians
3116 3116 p Chemical Engineering
Teclnicians
Mining
andMetallurgical
Technicians
3117 3117 Mining andMelalluigical
Teclnicians
Inspectors
Mine (salely) inseclois
Draughtspersons 3118 3118 Diaugllseisons
Physical
andEngineering
Science Technicians Not
3119 3119
3151 p
Plysical andLngineeiing
Science Teclnicians ol
Building and!iie !nseclois !iie invesligalois
Mining Supervisors 3121 7111 p Mineis andQuaiiy Woileis
8111 p Mining-lanl Oeialois
Manufacturing
Supervisors
3122 8171 p Aulomaled-assemLly-line
Operators
8172 p Industrial-robot Operators
8211 p Macline-lool Oeialois
8221 p Plaimaceulical- andToileliy-
ioducls Macline Oeialois
8222 p Ammunilion- andLxlosive-
8223 p Melal !inisling-, Plaling-
andCoaling-macline Oeialois
8224 p Plologialic-ioducls Macline
Operators
8229 p Clemical-ioducls Macline
Operators Not Elsewhere
Classified
8231 p RuLLei-ioducls Macline
Operators
8232 p Plaslic-ioducls Macline
Operators
8240 p Wood-ioducls Macline
Operators
8251 p Printing-machine Operators
8252 p Bookbinding-machine Operators
8253 p Paei-ioducls Macline
Operators
8261 p Fibre-preparing-, Spinning-
andWinding-macline Oeialois
Code
ISCO-88
code
Manufacturing
Supervisors
8262 p Weaving- andKnilling-macline
Operators
8263 p Sewing-machine Operators
8264 p Bleacling-, Dyeing-
andCleaning-macline
Operators
8265 p !ui- andIeallei-ieaiing-
machine Operators
8266 p Sloemaling- andRelaled
Macline Oeialois
8269 p Texlile-, !ui- andIeallei-
8271 p Meal- and!isl-iocessing-
machine Operators
8272 p Daiiy-ioducls Macline
Operators
8273 p Giain- andSice-milling-
machine Operators
8274 p Baked-goods, Cereal
andClocolale-ioducls
Macline Oeialois
8275 p !iuil-, VegelaLle- andul-
processing-machine Operators
8276 p Sugai Pioduclion Macline
Operators
8277 p Tea-, Collee- andCocoa-
8278 p Bieweis-, Wine andOllei
Beveiage Macline Oeialois
8279 p ToLacco Pioduclion Macline
Operators
8281 p Meclanical-maclineiy
AssemLleis
8282 p Llecliical-equimenl AssemLleis
8283 p Lleclionic-equimenl
AssemLleis
8284 p Melal-, RuLLei- andPlaslic-
ioducls AssemLleis
8285 p Wood andRelaled Pioducls
AssemLleis
8286 p PaeiLoaid, Texlile andRelaled
Pioducls AssemLleis
8290 p Ollei Macline Oeialois
andAssemLleis
Construction
Supervisors
Construction
7129 p Building !iame andRelaled
Tiades Woileis ol Llsewleie
Classified
Power Production Plant
Operators
3131 8161 Power-production Plant
Operators
Code
ISCO-88
code
Incinerator andWater
Treatment Plant
Operators
3132 8163 Incinerator, Water-treatment
andRelaled Planl Oeialois
Chemical Processing
Plant Controllers
3133 3116 p Chemical Engineering
Teclnicians
Chemical process technicians
8152 p Chemical-heat-treating-plant
Operators
8153 p Chemical-filtering-
andSeaialing-equimenl
Operators
8154 p Clemical-slill andReacloi
Oeialois (excel Pelioleum
andaluial Gas)
8159 p Chemical-processing-plant
Classified
Petroleum andNatural
Gas Refining Plant
Operators
3134 8155 p Pelioleum- andaluial-gas-
refining-plant Operators
Metal Production
Process Controllers
3135 8121 p Oie andMelal !uinace
Operators
8122 p Melal Melleis, Casleis
andRolling-mill Oeialois
8123 p Melal-leal-liealing-lanl
Operators
8124 p Melal Diaweis andLxliudeis
Process Control
Technicians Not
3139 3123 Industrial Robot Controllers
8142 p Paper-pulp Plant Operators
8143 p Papermaking-plant Operators
8171 p Aulomaled-assemLly-line
Operators
8172 p Industrial-robot Operators
Life Science Technicians
(excluding Medical)
3141 3211 p Iile Science Teclnicians
Agricultural
Technicians
3142 3212 p Agionomy and!oiesliy
Teclnicians
Forestry Technicians 3143 3212 p Agionomy and!oiesliy
Teclnicians
Ships Engineers 3151 3141 Ships Engineers
Ships Deck Officers
andPilots
3152 3142 Slis` Decl Olliceis andPilols
Aircraft Pilots
andRelated Associate
Professionals
3153 3143 Aiiciall Pilols andRelaled
Professionals
Flying instructors
Air Traffic Controllers 3154 3144 Aii Tiallic Conliolleis
Air Traffic Safety
Electronics Technicians
3155 3145 Aii Tiallic Salely Teclnicians
Code
ISCO-88
code
Medical Imaging
andTherapeutic
Equipment Technicians
3211 3133 Medical Lquimenl Oeialois
Medical andPathology
Laboratory Technicians
3212 3211 p Iile Science Teclnicians
Pharmaceutical
Technicians
andAssistants
3213 3228 Plaimaceulical Assislanls
Medical andDental
Prosthetic Technicians
3214 3226 p Plysiolleiaisls andRelaled
Prosthetic technicians,
Prosthesis fitters
7311 p Piecision-insliumenl Maleis
andReaiieis
Nursing Associate
Professionals
3221 2230 p uising andMidwileiy
Professionals
3231 uising Associale Piolessionals
Midwifery Associate
Professionals
3222 2230 p uising andMidwileiy
Professionals
3232 Midwileiy Associale
Professionals
Traditional
andComplementary
Medicine Associate
Professionals
3230 3241 p Tiadilional Medicine
Practitioners
Veterinary Technicians
andAssistants
3240 3227 Veleiinaiy Assislanls
Dental Assistants
andTherapists
3251 3225 Denlal Assislanls
Medical Records
andHealth Information
Technicians
3252 4143 p Coding, Proof-reading
andRelaled Cleils
Community Health
Workers
3253 3221 p Medical Assislanls
Dispensing Opticians 3254 3224 p Olomeliisls andOlicians
Physiotherapy
Technicians
andAssistants
3255 3226 p Plysiolleiaisls andRelaled
Medical Assistants 3256 3221 p Medical Assislanls
Environmental
andOccupational
Health Inspectors
andAssociates
3257 3152 p Salely, Healll andQualily
Inspectors
3222 p Sanitarians
Ambulance Workers 3258 5132 p Institution-based Personal Care
Workers
Health Associate
Professionals Not
Securities andFinance
Dealers andBrokers
3311 3411 p Secuiilies and!inance Dealeis
andBioleis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Credit andLoans
Officers
3312 3419 p !inance andSales Associale
Professionals Not Elsewhere
Classified
Alllougl !SCO-08 3312 is
the only correspondence
lisled loi !SCO-88 3419, ollei
ossiLililies sucl as 2413 may
Le consideied, as 3419 is a
residual group.
Accounting Associate
Professionals
3313 3433 Bookkeepers
3434 p Slalislical, Mallemalical
Professionals
Accounling assislanls
Statistical, Mathe-
matical and Related
Associate Professionals
3314 3434 p Slalislical, Mallemalical
Professionals
Valuers andLoss
Assessors
3315 3417 p Aiaiseis, Valueis
andAuclioneeis
Insurance
Representatives
3321 3412 !nsuiance Reiesenlalives
Commercial Sales
Representatives
Reiesenlalives
Buyers 3323 3416 Buyers
Trade Brokers 3324 3421 Tiade Bioleis
Clearing
andForwarding Agents
3331 3422 Cleaiing and!oiwaiding Agenls
Conference andEvent
Planners
3332 3439 p Adminislialive Associale
Classified
Employment Agents
andContractors
3333 3423 Lmloymenl Agenls andIaLoui
Contractors
Real Estate Agents
andProperty Managers
3334 3413 Lslale Agenls
Business Services
Agents Not Elsewhere
Classified
Patent agents
3414 p Tiavel Consullanls
andOiganiseis
Toui oeialois
3417 p Aiaiseis, Valueis
andAuclioneeis
Auclioneeis
3429 p Business Seivices Agenls
andTiade Bioleis ol
Literary, musical, sports
andllealiical agenls
Office Supervisors 3341 3431 p Adminislialive Secielaiies
Professionals
3439 p Adminislialive Associale
Classified
Office managers, office
administrators, clerical
sueivisois
4111 p Slenogialeis andTyisls
4112 p Woid-iocessoi andRelaled
Operators
4113 p Dala Lnliy Oeialois
4114 p Calculating-machine Operators
Code
ISCO-88
code
Office Supervisors 4115 p Secretaries
4121 p Accounling andBoolleeing
Clerks
4122 p Slalislical and!inance Cleils
4131 p Stock Clerks
4132 p Production Clerks
4133 p Tiansoil Cleils
4141 p IiLiaiy and!iling Cleils
4142 p Mail Caiiieis andSoiling Cleils
4143 p Coding, Proof-reading
andRelaled Cleils
4190 p Other Office Clerks
4222 p Recelionisls and!nloimalion
Clerks
4223 p Telelone SwilclLoaid
Operators
Legal Secretaries 3342 3431 p Adminislialive Secielaiies
Professionals
4115 p Secretaries
Administrative
andExecutive
Secretaries
3343 3431 p Adminislialive Secielaiies
Professionals
3439 p Adminislialive Associale
Classified
Lxeculive secielaiies lo
goveinmenl deailmenl leads
andollicial commillees
Medical Secretaries 3344 3431 p Adminislialive Secielaiies
Professionals
4115 p Secretaries
Customs andBorder
Inspectors
3351 3441 Cusloms andBoidei !nseclois
Government Tax
andExcise Officials
3352 3442 Goveinmenl Tax andLxcise
Officials
Government Social
Benefits Officials
3353 3443 Goveinmenl Social Benelils
Officials
Government Licensing
Officials
3354 3444 Goveinmenl Iicensing Ollicials
Police Inspectors
andDetectives
3355 3450 p Police !nseclois andDeleclives
Government Regulatory
Classified
Adminislialive consulai
officials
3449 Cusloms, Tax andRelaled
Goveinmenl Associale
Classified
Legal andRelated
3411 3432 Iegal andRelaled Business
3450 p Police !nseclois andDeleclives Piivale invesligalois
anddeleclives, sloie deleclives
Code
ISCO-88
code
Social Work Associate
Professionals
3412 3460 Social Woil Associale
Professionals
Religious Associate
Professionals
3413 3242 Faith Healers
3480 Religious Associale
Professionals
Athletes andSports
Players
3421 3475 p Allleles, Soilseisons
Professionals
Sports Coaches,
Instructors andOfficials
3422 3475 p Allleles, Soilseisons
Professionals
Fitness andRecreation
Instructors and
Programme Leaders
3423 3340 p Ollei Teacling Associale
Professionals
Sailing instructors,
undeiwalei diving insliuclois
3475 p Allleles, Soilseisons
Professionals
Photographers 3431 3131 p Plologialeis and!mage
andSound Recoiding
Lquimenl Oeialois
Interior Designers
andDecorators
Designeis
Gallery, Museum
andLibrary Technicians
Classified
Library technicians
3471 p Decoialois andCommeicial
Designeis
Museum andgalleiy
technicians
Chefs 3434 5122 p Cooks
Other Artistic
andCultural Associate
Professionals
Stage managers
3471 p Decoialois andCommeicial
Designeis
Tallooisls, Lody ailisls
3474 p Clowns, Magicians, AcioLals
Professionals
Stunt coordinators, walkers
on anda iange ol ollei
performing arts support
occupations classified in
!SCO-08 3435 may lave Leen
classilied in !SCO-88 3474.
Information
andCommunications
Technology Operations
Technicians
3511 3122 Comulei Lquimenl Oeialois
Information
andCommunications
Technology User
Support Technicians
3512 3121 p Comulei Assislanls
Computer Network
andSystems Technicians
3513 3121 p Comulei Assislanls
Web Technicians 3514 3121 p Comulei Assislanls
Code
ISCO-88
code
Broadcasting
andAudiovisual
Technicians
3521 3131 p Plologialeis and!mage
andSound Recoiding
Lquimenl Oeialois
3132 p Broadcasting
Lquimenl Oeialois
Telecommunications
Engineering Technicians
3132 p Broadcasting
Lquimenl Oeialois
Telecommunicalions
equimenl oeialois
General Office Clerks 4110 4190 p Other Office Clerks
Secretaries (general) 4120 4115 p Secretaries
Typists andWord
Processing Operators
4131 4111 p Slenogialeis andTyisls
4112 p Woid-iocessoi andRelaled
Operators
Data Entry Clerks 4132 4113 p Dala Lnliy Oeialois
4114 p Calculating-machine Operators
Bank Tellers
andRelated Clerks
4211 4211 p Caslieis andTiclel Cleils Bank cashiers
4212 Telleis andOllei Counlei Cleils ole llal lle !SCO-88 index
coded Assislanl, Lanl lo 3432:
Iegal andRelaled Business
Associale Piolessionals.
Bookmakers, Croupiers
andRelated Gaming
Workers
4212 4211 p Caslieis andTiclel Cleils Clerk, bookmaking coded to
4211 in !SCO-88 index.
4213 Boolmaleis andCiouieis
Pawnbrokers
andMoney-lenders
4213 4214 PawnLioleis andMoney-lendeis
Debt Collectors
andRelated Workers
4214 4215 DeLl-colleclois andRelaled
Workers
Travel Consultants
andClerks
4221 3414 p Tiavel Consullanls
andOiganiseis
4221 Tiavel Agency andRelaled
Clerks
5111 p Tiavel Allendanls andTiavel
Stewards
Aiioil clecl-in allendanls
Contact Centre
Information Clerks
4222 4222 p Recelionisls and!nloimalion
Clerks
Telephone Switchboard
Operators
4223 4223 p Telelone SwilclLoaid
Operators
Hotel Receptionists 4224 4222 p Recelionisls and!nloimalion
Clerks
Inquiry Clerks 4225 4222 p Recelionisls and!nloimalion
Clerks
Receptionists (general) 4226 4222 p Recelionisls and!nloimalion
Clerks
Code
ISCO-88
code
Survey andMarket
Research Interviewers
4227 4190 p Other Office Clerks
Client Information
Workers Not Elsewhere
Classified
4229 4222 p Recelionisls and!nloimalion
Clerks
Accounting
andBookkeeping Clerks
4311 4121 p Accounling andBoolleeing
Clerks
Statistical, Finance
andInsurance Clerks
4312 4122 p Slalislical and!inance Cleils Considei !SCO-88 3432 in
nalional conlexls. !SCO-88
index included Lioleis`
assislanls andinsuiance
claims, adjuslmenl andolicy
assistants there.
Payroll Clerks 4313 4121 p Accounling andBoolleeing
Clerks
Stock Clerks 4321 4131 p Stock Clerks
Production Clerks 4322 4132 p Production Clerks
Transport Clerks 4323 4133 p Tiansoil Cleils
Library Clerks 4411 4141 p IiLiaiy and!iling Cleils
Mail Carriers
andSorting Clerks
4412 4142 p Mail Caiiieis andSoiling Cleils
Coding, Proofreading
andRelated Clerks
4413 4143 p Coding, Proof-reading
andRelaled Cleils
Scribes andRelated
Workers
4414 4144 p SciiLes andRelaled Woileis
Filing andCopying
Clerks
4415 4141 p IiLiaiy and!iling Cleils
Personnel Clerks 4416 4190 p Other Office Clerks
Clerical Support
Classified
4419 4190 p Other Office Clerks
Travel Attendants
andTravel Stewards
5111 5111 p Tiavel Allendanls andTiavel
Stewards
Transport Conductors 5112 5112 Tiansoil Conduclois
Travel Guides 5113 5113 Tiavel Guides
Cooks 5120 5122 p Cooks
Waiters 5131 5123 p Waiters, Waitresses
andBailendeis
Bartenders 5132 5123 p Waiters, Waitresses
andBailendeis
Hairdressers 5141 5141 p Hairdressers, Barbers,
Beaulicians andRelaled Woileis
Beauticians andRelated
Workers
5142 5141 p Hairdressers, Barbers,
Beaulicians andRelaled Woileis
Cleaning and
Housekeeping Super-
visors in Offices, Hotels
and Other Establishments
5151 5121 p Houseleeeis andRelaled
Workers
Code
ISCO-88
code
Domestic Housekeepers 5152 5121 p Houseleeeis andRelaled
Workers
Building Caretakers 5153 9141 Building Caretakers
Astrologers, Fortune-
tellers andRelated
Workers
5161 5151 Asliologeis andRelaled Woileis
5152 Fortune-tellers, Palmists
andRelaled Woileis
Companions andValets 5162 5142 Comanions andValels
Undertakers
andEmbalmers
5163 5143 \ndeilaleis andLmLalmeis
Pet Groomers
andAnimal Care
Workers
5164 5139 p Peisonal Caie andRelaled
Classified
Veterinary aids
6129 p Mailel-oiienled Animal
Pioduceis andRelaled Woileis
Driving Instructors 5165 3340 p Ollei Teacling Associale
Professionals
Personal Services
Classified
5169 5149 Ollei Peisonal Seivices Woileis
Stall andMarket
Salespersons
5211 5230 p Slall andMailel Saleseisons
Street Food
Salespersons
5212 9111 Street Food Vendors
Shopkeepers 5221 1314 p Geneial Manageis in Wlolesale
andRelail Tiade
Shop Supervisors 5222 5220 p Shop Salespersons
andDemonslialois
Shop Sales Assistants 5223 5220 p Shop Salespersons
andDemonslialois
Cashiers andTicket
Clerks
5230 4211 p Caslieis andTiclel Cleils
Fashion andOther
Models
5241 5210 !aslion andOllei Models
Sales Demonstrators 5242 5220 p Shop Salespersons
andDemonslialois
Door-to-door
Salespersons
5243 9113 p Dooi-lo-dooi andTelelone
Salespersons
Contact Centre
Salespersons
5244 9113 p Dooi-lo-dooi andTelelone
Salespersons
Service Station
Attendants
5245 5220 p Shop Salespersons
andDemonslialois
Food Service Counter
Attendants
andDemonslialois
5230 p Slall andMailel Saleseisons
Sales Workers Not
andDemonslialois
Rental salespersons
Code
ISCO-88
code
Child Care Workers 5311 5131 p Child-care Workers
Teachers Aides 5312 5131 p Child-care Workers
Health Care Assistants 5321 5132 p Institution-based Personal Care
Workers
Home-based Personal
Care Workers
5322 5133 Home-based Personal Care
Workers
Personal Care Workers
in Health Services Not
5329 5132 p Institution-based Personal Care
Workers
Hospital orderlies, medical
imaging assistants, dental
aides
5139 p Peisonal Caie andRelaled
Classified
Firefighters 5411 5161 Fire-fighters
Police Officers 5412 5162 Police Officers
Prison Guards 5413 5163 Piison Guaids
Security Guards 5414 5169 p Pioleclive Seivices Woileis ol
9152 p Dooileeeis, Walcleisons
andRelaled Woileis
Protective Services
Classified
5419 5169 p Pioleclive Seivices Woileis ol
Field Crop
andVegetable Growers
6111 1311 p Geneial Manageis in
and!isling
6111 !ield Cio andVegelaLle
Gioweis
Tree andShrub Crop
Growers
and!isling
6112 Tiee andSliuL Cio Gioweis
Gardeners;
Horticultural
andNursery Growers
and!isling
6113 p Gaideneis, Hoiliculluial
anduiseiy Gioweis
Mixed Crop Growers 6114 1311 p Geneial Manageis in
and!isling
6114 Mixed-cio Gioweis
Livestock andDairy
Producers
and!isling
6121 Daiiy andIiveslocl Pioduceis
6124 p Mixed-animal Pioduceis
Poultry Producers 6122 1311 p Geneial Manageis in
and!isling
6122 Poultry Producers
Code
ISCO-88
code
Apiarists
andSericulturists
6123 6123 Aiaiisls andSeiiculluiisls
Animal Producers Not
6129 6129 p Mailel-oiienled Animal
Pioduceis andRelaled Woileis
Mixed Crop andAnimal
Producers
and!isling
6130 Mailel-oiienled Cio
andAnimal Pioduceis
Forestry andRelated
Workers
and!isling
6141 !oiesliy Woileis andIoggeis
6142 Claicoal Buineis andRelaled
Workers
Aquaculture Workers 6221 1311 p Geneial Manageis in
and!isling
6151 Aqualic-lile Cullivalion Woileis
InlandandCoastal
Waters Fishery Workers
and!isling
6152 p !nlandandCoaslal Waleis
Fishery Workers
Deep-sea Fishery
Workers
and!isling
6153 Dee-sea !isleiy Woileis
Hunters andTrappers 6224 6154 Hunleis andTiaeis
Subsistence Crop
Farmers
6310 6210 p SuLsislence Agiiculluial
and!isleiy Woileis
Subsistence Livestock
Farmers
and!isleiy Woileis
Subsistence Mixed Crop
andLivestock Farmers
and!isleiy Woileis
Subsistence Fishers,
Hunters, Trappers
andGatherers
and!isleiy Woileis
House Builders 7111 7121 Buildeis, Tiadilional Maleiials
7129 p Building !iame andRelaled
Classified
House builders not using
traditional materials
Bricklayers andRelated
Workers
7112 7122 p Biicllayeis andSlonemasons
Stonemasons, Stone
Cutters, Splitters
andCarvers
7113 7113 Stone Splitters, Cutters
andCaiveis
7122 p Biicllayeis andSlonemasons
Code
ISCO-88
code
Concrete Placers,
Concrete Finishers
andRelated Workers
7114 7123 Concrete Placers, Concrete
!inisleis andRelaled Woileis
Carpenters andJoiners 7115 7124 Caienleis and1oineis
Building Frame
andRelated Trades
Classified
7119 7129 p Building !iame andRelaled
Classified
Roofers 7121 7131 Roofers
Floor Layers andTile
Setters
7122 7132 !looi Iayeis andTile Selleis
Plasterers 7123 7133 Plasterers
Insulation Workers 7124 7134 Insulation Workers
Glaziers 7125 7135 Glazieis
Plumbers andPipe
Fitters
7126 7136 PlumLeis andPie !illeis
Air Conditioning
andRefrigeration
Mechanics
7127 7233 p Agiiculluial- oi !ndusliial-
maclineiy Meclanics
and!illeis
Painters andRelated
Workers
7131 7141 Painleis andRelaled Woileis
Spray Painters
andVarnishers
7132 7142 Vainisleis andRelaled Painleis
Building Structure
Cleaners
7133 7143 p Building Structure Cleaners
Metal Moulders
andCoremakers
7211 7211 Melal Mouldeis andCoiemaleis
8211 p Macline-lool Oeialois Coremaking machine
operators
Welders and
Flame Cutters
7212 7212 Weldeis and!lameculleis
Sheet Metal Workers 7213 7213 Sheet-metal Workers
Structural Metal
Preparers andErectors
7214 7214 Structural-metal Preparers
andLieclois
Riggers andCable
Splicers
7215 7215 Riggeis andCaLle Sliceis
Blacksmiths,
Hammersmiths
andForging Press
Workers
7221 7221 Blacksmiths, Hammer-smiths
and!oiging-iess Woileis
Toolmakers andRelated
Workers
7222 7222 Tool-maleis andRelaled
Workers
Metal Working
Machine Tool Setters
andOperators
7223 7223 p Macline-lool Selleis
andSellei-oeialois
8211 p Macline-lool Oeialois
Metal Polishers, Wheel
Grinders andTool
Sharpeners
7224 7224 Melal Wleel-giindeis, Polisleis
andTool Slaieneis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Motor Vehicle
Mechanics
andRepairers
7231 7231 p Moloi Velicle Meclanics
and!illeis
Aircraft Engine
Mechanics
andRepairers
7232 7232 Aiiciall Lngine Meclanics
and!illeis
Agricultural
andIndustrial
Machinery Mechanics
andRepairers
7233 7233 p Agiiculluial- oi !ndusliial-
maclineiy Meclanics
and!illeis
Bicycle andRelated
Repairers
7234 7231 p Moloi Velicle Meclanics
and!illeis
Precision-instrument
Makers andRepairers
7311 7311 p Piecision-insliumenl Maleis
andReaiieis
Musical Instrument
Makers andTuners
7312 7312 Musical !nsliumenl Maleis
andTuneis
Jewellery andPrecious
Metal Workers
7313 7313 1ewelleiy andPiecious-melal
Workers
Potters andRelated
Workers
7314 7321 ALiasive Wleel !oimeis, Polleis
andRelaled Woileis
Glass Makers, Cutters,
Grinders andFinishers
7315 7322 p Glass-maleis, Culleis, Giindeis
and!inisleis
Signwriters, Decorative
Painters, Engravers
andEtchers
7316 7323 Glass Lngiaveis andLlcleis
7324 Glass, Ceiamics andRelaled
Decoialive Painleis
Handicraft Workers in
Wood, Basketry and
Related Materials
7317 7331 p Handicraft Workers in Wood
andRelaled Maleiials
7424 Basleliy Weaveis, Biusl Maleis
andRelaled Woileis
Handicraft Workers
in Textile, Leather
andRelated Materials
7318 7332 Handiciall Woileis in Texlile,
Ieallei andRelaled Maleiials
7431 Fibre Preparers
7432 p Weaveis, Knilleis andRelaled
Workers
Handicraft Workers Not
7319 7223 p Macline-lool Selleis
andSellei-oeialois
Melal loymaleis
7331 p Handicraft Workers in Wood
andRelaled Maleiials
Pre-press Technicians 7321 7341 p Comosilois, Tyeselleis
andRelaled Woileis
7342 Sleieolyeis andLlecliolyeis
7343 Piinling Lngiaveis andLlcleis
Printers 7322 7341 p Comosilois, Tyeselleis
andRelaled Woileis
Printers, printing machine
setters, takers-off
7346 Sill-scieen, Blocl andTexlile
Printers
8251 p Printing-machine Operators
Code
ISCO-88
code
Print Finishing
andBinding Workers
7323 7345 BoolLindeis andRelaled
Workers
8252 p Bookbinding-machine Operators
Building andRelated
Electricians
7411 7137 Building andRelaled
Electricians
Electrical Mechanics
andFitters
7412 7241 Llecliical Meclanics and!illeis
Electrical Line
Installers andRepairers
7413 7245 p Electrical Line Installers,
Reaiieis andCaLle 1oinleis
Electronics Mechanics
andServicers
7421 7242 p Electronics Fitters
7243 p Lleclionics Meclanics
andSeiviceis
Information
andCommunications
Technology Installers
andServicers
7422 7242 p Electronics Fitters
7243 p Lleclionics Meclanics
andSeiviceis
7244 Telegial andTelelone
!nslalleis andSeiviceis
7245 p Electrical Line Installers,
Reaiieis andCaLle 1oinleis
Butchers, Fishmongers
andRelated Food
Preparers
7511 7411 Butchers, Fishmongers
andRelaled !ood Pieaieis
Bakers, Pastry-cooks
andConfectionery
Makers
7512 7412 Bakers, Pastry-cooks
andConleclioneiy Maleis
Dairy Products Makers 7513 7413 Daiiy-ioducls Maleis
Fruit, Vegetable
andRelated Preservers
7514 7414 !iuil, VegelaLle andRelaled
Pieseiveis
Food andBeverage
Tasters andGraders
7515 7415 !ood andBeveiage Tasleis
andGiadeis
Tobacco Preparers
andTobacco Products
Makers
7516 7416 ToLacco Pieaieis andToLacco
Pioducls Maleis
Wood Treaters 7521 7421 Wood Tiealeis
Operators
Wood treating machine
operators
Cabinet-makers
andRelated Workers
7522 7422 CaLinel-maleis andRelaled
Workers
Woodworking
Machine Tool Setters
andOperators
7523 7423 Woodworking-machine Setters
andSellei-oeialois
Operators
Tailors, Dressmakers,
Furriers andHatters
7531 7433 Tailois, Diessmaleis
andHalleis
7434 !uiiieis andRelaled Woileis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Garment andRelated
Patternmakers
andCutters
7532 7435 Texlile, Ieallei andRelaled
Pallein-maleis andCulleis
Sewing, Embroidery
andRelated Workers
7533 7436 Sewers, Embroiderers
andRelaled Woileis
Upholsterers
andRelated Workers
7534 7437 \lolsleieis andRelaled
Workers
Pelt Dressers, Tanners
andFellmongers
7535 7441 Pell Diesseis, Tanneis
and!ellmongeis
Shoemakers andRelated
Workers
7536 7442 Sloe-maleis andRelaled
Workers
Underwater Divers 7541 6152 p !nlandandCoaslal Waleis
Fishery Workers
Diveis loi songes, eails
andollei aqualic ioducls
7216 Underwater Workers
Shotfirers andBlasters 7542 7112 Slolliieis andBlasleis
Product Graders
andTesters (excluding
Foods andBeverages)
7543 3152 p Salely, Healll andQualily
Inspectors
Pioducl qualily inseclois.
ole llal in !SCO-88 some
product testers were classified
in the same unit group as the
workers producing the goods.
Fumigators andOther
Pest andWeed
Controllers
7544 7143 p Building Structure Cleaners
Craft andRelated
Classified
7549 7322 p Glass-maleis, Culleis, Giindeis
and!inisleis
Lens polishers, grinders,
mouldeis andsliceis
Miners andQuarriers 8111 7111 p Mineis andQuaiiy Woileis
8111 p Mining-lanl Oeialois
Mineral andStone
Processing Plant
Operators
8112 8112 Mineial-oie- andSlone-
processing-plant Operators
Well Drillers andBorers
andRelated Workers
8113 8113 Well Diilleis andBoieis
andRelaled Woileis
Cement, Stone and
Other Mineral Products
Machine Operators
8114 8212 Cemenl andOllei Mineial
Pioducls Macline Oeialois
Metal Processing Plant
Operators
8121 8121 p Oie andMelal !uinace
Operators
8122 p Melal Melleis, Casleis
andRolling-mill Oeialois
8123 p Melal-leal-liealing-lanl
Operators
8124 p Melal Diaweis andLxliudeis
Metal Finishing, Plating
andCoating Machine
Operators
8122 8223 p Melal !inisling-, Plaling-
andCoaling-macline Oeialois
Chemical Products
Plant andMachine
Operators
8131 8151 Ciusling-, Giinding-
andClemical-mixing Maclineiy
Operators
8152 p Chemical-heat-treating-plant
Operators
Code
ISCO-88
code
Chemical Products
Plant andMachine
Operators
8153 p Chemical-filtering-
andSeaialing-equimenl
Operators
8154 p Clemical-slill andReacloi
Oeialois (excel Pelioleum
andaluial Gas)
8155 p Pelioleum- andaluial-gas-
refining-plant Operators
Operators of compounders
andollei single iocess lanl
andmaclineiy in elioleum
andgas ielineiies
8159 p Chemical-processing-plant
Classified
8221 p Plaimaceulical- andToileliy-
8222 p Ammunilion- andLxlosive-
8229 p Clemical-ioducls Macline
Classified
Photographic Products
Machine Operators
8132 7344 Plologialic andRelaled
Workers
8224 p Plologialic-ioducls Macline
Operators
Rubber Products
Machine Operators
8141 8231 p RuLLei-ioducls Macline
Operators
Plastic Products
Machine Operators
8142 8232 p Plaslic-ioducls Macline
Operators
Paper Products
Machine Operators
8143 8253 p Paei-ioducls Macline
Operators
Fibre Preparing,
Spinning andWinding
Machine Operators
8151 8261 p Fibre-preparing-, Spinning-
andWinding-macline Oeialois
Weaving andKnitting
Machine Operators
8152 7432 p Weaveis, Knilleis andRelaled
Workers
Weaving andlnilling
machine setters
8262 p Weaving- andKnilling-macline
Operators
Sewing Machine
Operators
8153 8263 p Sewing-machine Operators
Bleaching, Dyeing
andFabric Cleaning
Machine Operators
8154 8264 p Bleacling-, Dyeing-
andCleaning-macline
Operators
Fur andLeather
Preparing Machine
Operators
8155 8265 p !ui- andIeallei-ieaiing-
machine Operators
Shoemaking and Related
Machine Operators
8156 8266 p Sloemaling- andRelaled
Macline Oeialois
Laundry Machine
Operators
8157 8264 p Bleacling-, Dyeing- and
Cleaning-machine Operators
Textile, Fur andLeather
Products Machine
Operators Not
8159 8269 p Texlile-, !ui- andIeallei-
Code
ISCO-88
code
Food andRelated
Products Machine
Operators
8160 8271 p Meal- and!isl-iocessing-
machine Operators
8272 p Daiiy-ioducls Macline
Operators
8273 p Giain- andSice-milling-
machine Operators
8274 p Baked-goods, Cereal
andClocolale-ioducls
Macline Oeialois
8275 p !iuil-, VegelaLle- andul-
8276 p Sugai Pioduclion Macline
Operators
8277 p Tea-, Collee- andCocoa-
8278 p Bieweis-, Wine andOllei
Beveiage Macline Oeialois
8279 p ToLacco Pioduclion Macline
Operators
Pulp andPapermaking
Plant Operators
8171 8142 p Paper-pulp Plant Operators
8143 p Papermaking-plant Operators
Wood Processing Plant
Operators
8172 8141 Wood-processing-plant
Operators
Glass andCeramics
Plant Operators
8181 8131 Glass andCeiamics Kiln
andRelaled Macline Oeialois
8139 Glass, Ceiamics andRelaled
Plant Operators Not Elsewhere
Classified
Steam Engine
andBoiler Operators
8182 8162 Sleam-engine andBoilei
Operators
Packing, Bottling
andLabelling Machine
Operators
8183 8290 p Ollei Macline Oeialois
andAssemLleis
Stationary Plant
andMachine Operators
Not Elsewhere
Classified
8189 8290 p Ollei Macline Oeialois
andAssemLleis
Mechanical Machinery
Assemblers
8211 8281 p Meclanical-maclineiy
AssemLleis
Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Assemblers
8212 8282 p Llecliical-equimenl AssemLleis
8283 p Lleclionic-equimenl
AssemLleis
Assemblers Not
8219 8284 p Melal-, RuLLei- andPlaslic-
ioducls AssemLleis
8285 p Wood andRelaled Pioducls
AssemLleis
8286 p PaeiLoaid, Texlile andRelaled
Pioducls AssemLleis
8290 p Ollei Macline Oeialois
andAssemLleis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Locomotive Engine
Drivers
8311 8311 Iocomolive-engine Diiveis
Railway Brake, Signal
andSwitch Operators
8312 8312 Railway Brakers, Signallers
andSlunleis
Motorcycle Drivers 8321 8321 Moloi-cycle Diiveis
Car, Taxi
andVan Drivers
8322 8322 Cai, Taxi andVan Diiveis
Bus andTram Drivers 8331 8323 Bus andTiam Diiveis
Heavy Truck
andLorry Drivers
8332 8324 Heavy Tiucl andIoiiy Diiveis
Mobile Farm and
Forestry Plant Operators
8341 8331 Moloiised !aim and!oiesliy
Plant Operators
Earthmoving and
Related Plant Operators
8342 8332 Laill-moving- andRelaled Planl
Operators
Crane, Hoist
andRelated Plant
Operators
8343 8333 Ciane, Hoisl andRelaled Planl
Operators
Lifting Truck Operators 8344 8334 Lifting-truck Operators
Ships Deck Crews
andRelated Workers
8350 8340 Slis` Decl Ciews andRelaled
Workers
Domestic Cleaners
andHelpers
9111 9131 Domeslic Heleis andCleaneis
Cleaners andHelpers
in Offices, Hotels and
Other Establishments
9112 9132 p Heleis andCleaneis in Ollices,
Holels andOllei LslaLlislmenls
HandLaunderers
andPressers
9121 9133 Hand-laundeieis andPiesseis
Vehicle Cleaners 9122 9142 p Velicle, Window andRelaled
Cleaners
Window Cleaners 9123 9142 p Velicle, Window andRelaled
Cleaners
Other Cleaning Workers 9129 9142 p Velicle, Window andRelaled
Cleaners
Crop Farm Labourers 9211 9211 p !aim-lands andIaLouieis
Livestock Farm
Labourers
9212 9211 p !aim-lands andIaLouieis
Mixed Crop
andLivestock Farm
Labourers
9213 9211 p !aim-lands andIaLouieis
Garden
andHorticultural
Labourers
9214 6113 p Gaideneis, Hoiliculluial
anduiseiy Gioweis
Alllougl gaiden laLouieis
should logically be classified
in !SCO-88 9211, lley weie
not specifically mentioned in
lle delinilion oi lle index.
It is likely that some garden
andloiliculluial woileis
classilied in !SCO-08 9214 weie
classified in certain national
conlexls in !SCO-88 6113.
9211 p !aim-lands andIaLouieis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Forestry Labourers 9215 9212 Forestry Labourers
Fishery andAquaculture
Labourers
9216 9213 !isleiy, Hunling andTiaing
Labourers
Mining andQuarrying
Labourers
9311 9311 Mining andQuaiiying
Labourers
Civil Engineering
Labourers
9312 9312 Consliuclion andMainlenance
IaLouieis: Roads, Dams
andSimilai Consliuclions
Building Construction
Labourers
9313 9313 Building Construction
Labourers
HandPackers 9321 9322 p HandPacleis andOllei
Manulacluiing IaLouieis
Manufacturing
Labourers Not
9329 9321 p AssemLling IaLouieis
9322 p HandPacleis andOllei
Manulacluiing IaLouieis
HandandPedal Vehicle
Drivers
9331 9331 Handoi Pedal Velicle Diiveis
Drivers of Animal-
drawn Vehicles
andMachinery
9332 9332 Diiveis ol Animal-diawn
Velicles andMaclineiy
Freight Handlers 9333 9333 p Freight Handlers
Shelf Fillers 9334 9333 p Freight Handlers
Fast Food Preparers 9411 5122 p Cooks
Kitchen Helpers 9412 9132 p Heleis andCleaneis in Ollices,
Holels andOllei LslaLlislmenls
Street andRelated
Services Workers
9510 9120 Sloe Cleaning andOllei
Slieel Seivices Llemenlaiy
Occupations
Street Vendors
(excluding Food)
9520 9112 Street Vendors, Non-food
Products
Garbage andRecycling
Collectors
9611 9161 p GaiLage Colleclois
Refuse Sorters 9612 9161 p GaiLage Colleclois
Sweepers andRelated
Labourers
9613 9162 p Sweeeis andRelaled IaLouieis
Messengers, Package
Deliverers andLuggage
Porters
9621 9151 Messengeis, Paclage
andIuggage Poileis
andDeliveieis
9152 p Dooileeeis, Walcleisons
andRelaled Woileis
Hotel porters
Odd-job Persons 9622 9162 p Sweeeis andRelaled IaLouieis
Meter Readers
andVending-machine
Collectors
9623 9153 Vending-macline Money
Colleclois, Melei Readeis
andRelaled Woileis
Water andFirewood
Collectors
9624 9162 p Sweeeis andRelaled IaLouieis
Code
ISCO-88
code
Elementary Workers
Not Elsewhere
Classified
9629 9152 p Dooileeeis, Walcleisons
andRelaled Woileis
Commissioned Armed
Forces Officers
0110 0110 p Aimed !oices
Non-commissioned
Armed Forces Officers
Armed Forces
Occupations, Other
Ranks
CDPPE5PDNDENCETABLE:!5CD-88TD!5CD-08
Tlis laLle slows lle coiiesonding !SCO-08 codes andlilles loi eacl !SCO-88 unil giou.
Tle lellei is used lo indicale llal only ail ol lle !SCO-08 giou coiiesonds will lle
!SCO-88 giou. Commenls aie iovided wleie lle secilc occualions involved in a ailiculai
ailial coiiesondence may nol Le sell-evidenl, oi wleie ollei claiilcalion may Le necessaiy.
code
ISCO-08
code
Legislators 1110 1111 Legislators
Senior Government
Officials
1120 1112 Senioi Goveinmenl Ollicials
Traditional Chiefs
andHeads of Villages
1130 1113 Tiadilional Cliels andHeads
of Villages
Senior Officials of Political-
party Organisations
1141 1114 p Senior Officials of Special-
interest Organizations
Senior Officials of
Employers, Workers
andOther Economic-
interest Organisations
Senior Officials of
Humanitarian andOther
Special-interest
Organisations
Directors andChief
Executives
1210 1120 Managing Diieclois andCliel
Lxeculives
Production andOperations
Department Managers
in Agriculture, Hunting,
Forestry andFishing
1221 1311 Agiiculluial and!oiesliy
Pioduclion Manageis
1312 Aquaculluie and!isleiies
Pioduclion Manageis
Department Managers in
Manufacturing
1222 1321 p Manulacluiing Manageis
1322 p Mining Manageis
Construction
1223 1323 p Consliuclion Manageis
3123 p Consliuclion Sueivisois
Wholesale andRetail Trade
1224 1420 p Relail andWlolesale Tiade
Manageis
Restaurants andHotels
1225 1411 p Holel Manageis
1412 p Reslauianl Manageis
Department Managers
in Transport, Storage
andCommunications
1226 1324 p Suly, DisliiLulion
andRelaled Manageis
Postmasters, station
masters and transport,
sloiage anddisliiLulion
department managers
1330 p Information
andCommunicalions
Teclnology Seivices Manageis
Telecommunicalions
department managers
code
ISCO-08
code
Business Services
1227 1219 p Business Seivices
andAdminislialion Manageis
1346 !inancial and!nsuiance
Seivices Biancl Manageis
andRelated Services
Building seivices
andcleaning deailmenl
managers
Department Managers Not
1229 1213 p Policy andPlanning Manageis
1219 p Business Seivices
1341 p Clild Caie Seivices Manageis
1342 p Healll Seivices Manageis
1343 p Aged Caie Seivices Manageis
1344 p Social Wellaie Manageis
1345 p Lducalion Manageis
1349 p Piolessional Seivices Manageis
1439 p Seivices Manageis ol
2654 p !ilm, Slage andRelaled
Diieclois andPioduceis
3435 p Ollei Ailislic andCulluial
Stage managers
Finance andAdministration
Department Managers
1231 1211 p !inance Manageis
Adminislialion deailmenl
managers
Personnel andIndustrial
Relations Department
Managers
1232 1212 p Human Resouice Manageis
Sales andMarketing
Department Managers
1233 1221 p Sales andMaileling Manageis
Advertising andPublic
Relations Department
Managers
1234 1222 p Adveilising andPuLlic
Relalions Manageis
Supply andDistribution
Department Managers
andRelaled Manageis
Computing Services
Department Managers
1236 1330 p Information and
Communicalions Teclnology
Seivices Manageis
Research andDevelopment
Department Managers
1237 1223 p Reseaicl andDevelomenl
Manageis
code
ISCO-08
code
Other Department
Managers Not Elsewhere
Classified
1239 1213 p Policy andPlanning Manageis Manageis ol lanning
andolicy deailmenls in
establishments other than
those in public administra-
tion, compulsory social
security, education, health,
social woil, exlialeiiiloiial
oiganizalions andLodies,
andieciealional, culluial
andsoiling aclivilies (as
delined in !S!C Rev. 3)
General Managers
inAgriculture, Hunting,
Forestry andFishing
1311 6111 p !ield Cio andVegelaLle
Gioweis
6112 p Tiee andSliuL Cio Gioweis
6113 p Gaideneis; Hoiliculluial
anduiseiy Gioweis
6114 p Mixed Cio Gioweis
6121 p Iiveslocl andDaiiy Pioduceis
6122 p Poultry Producers
6130 p Mixed Cio andAnimal
Producers
6210 p !oiesliy andRelaled Woileis
6221 p Aquaculluie Woileis
6222 p !nlandandCoaslal Waleis
Fishery Workers
6223 p Dee-sea !isleiy Woileis
General Managers
inManufacturing
1312 1321 p Manulacluiing Manageis
1322 p Mining Manageis Manageis ol small mining
andquaiiying Lusinesses
General Managers
inConstruction
1313 1323 p Consliuclion Manageis
General Managers in
Wholesale andRetail Trade
1314 1420 p Relail andWlolesale Tiade
Manageis
5221 Shopkeepers
General Managers of
Restaurants andHotels
1315 1411 p Holel Manageis
1412 p Reslauianl Manageis
General Managers
inTransport, Storage
andCommunications
andRelaled Manageis
1330 p Information
andCommunicalions
General Managers of
Business Services
1317 1211 p !inance Manageis Manageis ol eslaLlislmenls
ioviding accounling oi
similai seivices
1212 p Human Resouice Manageis Manageis ol eslaLlislmenls
ioviding luman iesouice
andieciuilmenl seivices
code
ISCO-08
code
General Managers
ofBusiness Services
1221 p Sales andMaileling Manageis Manageis ol maileling
companies
1222 p Adveilising andPuLlic
Relalions Manageis
Manageis ol adveilising
anduLlic ielalions
companies
1330 p Information
andCommunicalions
Manageis ol
small computing
andlelecommunicalions
companies
1346 !inancial and!nsuiance
Seivices Biancl Manageis
General Managers in
andRelated Services
Manageis ol conliacl
cleaning companies
General Managers Not
1319 1223 p Reseaicl andDevelomenl
Manageis
Reseaicl anddevelomenl
company managers
1341 p Clild Caie Seivices Manageis
1342 p Healll Seivices Manageis
1343 p Aged Caie Seivices Manageis
1344 p Social Wellaie Manageis
1345 p Lducalion Manageis
1349 p Piolessional Seivices Manageis
1431 Sports, Recreation
andCulluial Cenlie Manageis
1439 p Seivices Manageis ol
Physicists andAstronomers 2111 2111 Plysicisls andAslionomeis
Meteorologists 2112 2112 Meleoiologisls
Chemists 2113 2113 Chemists
2262 p Pharmacists Industrial pharmacists,
pharmaceutical chemists
Geologists
andGeophysicists
2114 2114 Geologisls andGeolysicisls
Mathematicians
andRelated Professionals
2121 2120 p Mallemalicians, Acluaiies
andSlalislicians
Statisticians 2122 2120 p Mallemalicians, Acluaiies
andSlalislicians
Computer Systems
Designers andAnalysts
2131 2511 Syslems Analysls
2512 Sollwaie Develoeis
2513 p WeL andMullimedia
Develoeis
2519 p Sollwaie andAlicalions
Develoeis andAnalysls ol
2521 DalaLase Designeis
andAdminislialois
2522 Syslems Adminislialois
2523 p Computer Network
Professionals
code
ISCO-08
code
Computer Programmers 2132 2513 p WeL andMullimedia
Develoeis
2514 Alicalions Piogiammeis
2523 p Computer Network
Professionals
Communications
programmers
Computing Professionals
2139 2513 p WeL andMullimedia
Develoeis
2529 DalaLase andelwoil
Classified
Architects, Town
andTraffic Planners
2141 2161 Building Aiclilecls
2162 Iandscae Aiclilecls
2164 Town andTiallic Planneis
Civil Engineers 2142 2142 Civil Lngineeis
Electrical Engineers 2143 2151 Electrical Engineers
Electronics and Telecommu-
ni cations Engineers
2144 2152 Electronics Engineers
2153 Telecommunicalions Lngineeis
Mechanical Engineers 2145 2144 Meclanical Lngineeis
Chemical Engineers 2146 2145 Chemical Engineers
Mining Engineers,
Metallurgists andRelated
Professionals
2147 2146 Mining Lngineeis,
Melalluigisls andRelaled
Professionals
Cartographers
andSurveyors
2148 2165 Cailogialeis andSuiveyois
Architects, Engineers
andRelated Professionals
2149 2141 !ndusliial andPioduclion
Engineers
2143 Lnviionmenlal Lngineeis
2149 Engineering Professionals Not
Biologists, Botanists,
Zoologists andRelated
Professionals
2211 2131 p Biologists, Botanists,
Zoologisls andRelaled
Professionals
2133 Lnviionmenlal Pioleclion
Professionals
Pharmacologists,
Pathologists andRelated
Professionals
2212 2131 p Biologists, Botanists,
Zoologisls andRelaled
Professionals
Plant pathologists,
pharmacologists
2212 Secialisl Medical Piaclilioneis Human pathologists,
histopathologists,
endocrinologists,
neuropathologists
2250 p Veterinarians Animal andveleiinaiy
pathologists
code
ISCO-08
code
Agronomists andRelated
Professionals
2213 2132 p Farming, Forestry
and!isleiies Adviseis
Medical Doctors 2221 2211 Geneialisl Medical
Practitioners
2212 Secialisl Medical Piaclilioneis
Dentists 2222 2261 Denlisls
Veterinarians 2223 2250 p Veterinarians
Pharmacists 2224 2262 p Pharmacists
Health Professionals
(except Nursing) Not
2229 2263 p Lnviionmenlal
andOccualional Healll
andHygiene Piolessionals
2269 p Health Professionals Not
Nursing andMidwifery
Professionals
2230 1342 p Healll Seivices Manageis Hospital matrons and
principal nursing officers
1343 p Aged Caie Seivices Manageis Malions andiincial
nursing officers in aged care
facilities
2221 p Nursing Professionals
2222 p Midwileiy Piolessionals
3221 p uising Associale
Professionals
3222 p Midwileiy Associale
Professionals
College, University
andHigher Education
2310 2310 \niveisily andHiglei
Lducalion Teacleis
2320 p Vocalional Lducalion Teacleis
Secondary Education
2320 2320 p Vocalional Lducalion Teacleis
2330 Secondaiy Lducalion Teacleis
Primary Education
2331 2341 p Piimaiy Sclool Teacleis
Pre-Primary Education
2332 2342 p Early Childhood Educators
Special Education
2340 2352 p Secial eeds Teacleis
Education Methods
Specialists
2351 2351 p Lducalion Mellods Secialisls
School Inspectors 2352 2351 p Lducalion Mellods Secialisls
Other Teaching Professionals
2359 2353 p Ollei Ianguage Teacleis
2354 Ollei Music Teacleis
2355 p Ollei Ails Teacleis
2356 p !nloimalion Teclnology
Tiaineis
2359 p Teacling Piolessionals ol
code
ISCO-08
code
Accountants 2411 2411 Accounlanls
2412 p !inancial and!nveslmenl
Adviseis
Personnel andCareers
Professionals
2423 Peisonnel andCaieeis
Professionals
2424 Tiaining andSlall
Develomenl Piolessionals
Business Professionals
2419 2412 p !inancial and!nveslmenl
Adviseis
2413 !inancial Analysls
2421 Managemenl andOiganizalion
Analysls
2422 Policy Adminislialion
Professionals
2431 Adveilising andMaileling
Professionals
2432 Public Relations Professionals
3339 p Business Seivices Agenls ol
Patent agents
Lawyers 2421 2611 Lawyers
Judges 2422 2612 Judges
Legal Professionals
2429 2619 Legal Professionals Not
Archivists andCurators 2431 2621 Aiclivisls andCuialois
Librarians andRelated
2432 2622 IiLiaiians andRelaled
Economists 2441 2631 Economists
Sociologists,
Anthropologists and Related
Professionals
2442 2632 Sociologisls, Anllioologisls
Philosophers, Historians
andPolitical Scientists
2443 2633 Philosophers, Historians
andPolilical Scienlisls
Philologists, Translators
andInterpreters
2444 2643 Tianslalois, !nleiieleis
andOllei Iinguisls
Psychologists 2445 2634 Psychologists
Social Work Professionals 2446 2635 Social Woil andCounselling
Professionals
Authors, Journalists
andOther Writers
2451 2431 Adveilising andMaileling
Professionals
Adveilising coy wiileis
2432 Public Relations Professionals Public relations copy
writers
2641 Aullois andRelaled Wiileis
2642 p Journalists
code
ISCO-08
code
Sculptors, Painters
andRelated Artists
2452 2166 p Gialic andMullimedia
Designeis
Commercial artists
2651 Visual Ailisls
Composers, Musicians
andSingers
2453 2652 p Musicians, Singeis
andComoseis
Choreographers
andDancers
2454 2653 p Danceis andCloieogialeis
Film, Stage andRelated
Actors andDirectors
2455 2654 p !ilm, Slage andRelaled
Diieclois andPioduceis
2655 Aclois
Religious Professionals 2460 2636 Religious Professionals
Chemical andPhysical
Science Technicians
3111 3111 Clemical andPlysical Science
Teclnicians
Civil Engineering
Technicians
3112 3112 p Civil Lngineeiing Teclnicians
Electrical Engineering
Technicians
3113 3113 p Electrical Engineering
Teclnicians
Electronics
andTelecommunications
Engineering Technicians
3114 3114 p Electronics Engineering
Teclnicians
3522 Telecommunicalions
Mechanical Engineering
Technicians
3115 3115 p Meclanical Lngineeiing
Teclnicians
Chemical Engineering
Technicians
3116 3116 Chemical Engineering
Teclnicians
3133 p Chemical Processing Plant
Controllers
Chemical process
technicians
Mining andMetallurgical
Technicians
3117 3117 p Mining andMelalluigical
Teclnicians
Draughtspersons 3118 3118 Diaugllseisons
Physical andEngineering
Science Technicians Not
3119 3119 Plysical andLngineeiing
Computer Assistants 3121 3512 Information
andCommunicalions
Teclnology \sei Suoil
Teclnicians
3513 Computer Network
andSyslems Teclnicians
3514 WeL Teclnicians
Computer Equipment
Operators
3122 3511 Information and
Oeialions Teclnicians
Industrial Robot Controllers 3123 3139 p Piocess Conliol Teclnicians
Photographers andImage
andSound Recording
Equipment Operators
3131 3431 Photographers
3521 p Bioadcasling andAudiovisual
Teclnicians
code
ISCO-08
code
Broadcasting
Equipment Operators
3132 3521 p Bioadcasling andAudiovisual
Teclnicians
Broadcasting
Equipment Operators
3522 Telecommunicalions
Telecommunicalions
equimenl oeialois
Medical Equipment
Operators
3133 3211 Medical !maging
andTleiaeulic Lquimenl
Teclnicians
Ships Engineers 3141 3151 Ships Engineers
Ships Deck Officers
andPilots
3142 3152 Slis` Decl Olliceis andPilols
Aircraft Pilots andRelated
3143 3153 p Aiiciall Pilols andRelaled
Air Traffic Controllers 3144 3154 Aii Tiallic Conliolleis
Air Traffic Safety
Technicians
3145 3155 Aii Tiallic Salely Lleclionics
Teclnicians
Building andFire Inspectors 3151 3112 p Civil Lngineeiing Teclnicians
3119 p Plysical andLngineeiing
!iie invesligalois
Safety, Health andQuality
Inspectors
3113 p Electrical Engineering
Teclnicians
Quality inspectors
(electrical products)
3114 p Electronics Engineering
Teclnicians
Quality inspectors
(electronic products)
3115 p Meclanical Lngineeiing
Teclnicians
Vehicle inspectors,
mechanical products
qualily andsalely
inspectors
3117 p Mining andMelalluigical
Teclnicians
Mine (salely) inseclois
3257 p Lnviionmenlal
!nseclois andAssociales
7543 Pioducl Giadeis andTesleis
(excluding !oods
andBeveiages)
Pioducl qualily inseclois.
ole llal in !SCO-88
some product testers were
classified in the same
unit group as the workers
producing the goods.
Life Science Technicians 3211 3141 Iile Science Teclnicians
(excluding Medical)
3212 Medical andPallology
IaLoialoiy Teclnicians
Agronomy andForestry
Technicians
3212 3142 Agiiculluial Teclnicians
3143 !oiesliy Teclnicians
Farming andForestry
Advisers
3213 2132 p Farming, Forestry
and!isleiies Adviseis
code
ISCO-08
code
Medical Assistants 3221 2240 Paramedical Practitioners
3253 Community Health Workers
3256 Medical Assislanls
Sanitarians 3222 2263 p Lnviionmenlal
3257 p Lnviionmenlal
!nseclois andAssociales
Dieticians andNutritionists 3223 2265 Dielicians anduliilionisls
Optometrists andOpticians 3224 2267 Olomeliisls andOlllalmic
Opticians
3254 Disensing Olicians
Dental Assistants 3225 3251 Denlal Assislanls
andTleiaisls
Physiotherapists
Professionals
3226 2264 Physiotherapists
Podiatrists, chiropractors,
osteopaths, recreational
therapists
3214 p Medical andDenlal Piosllelic
Teclnicians
Prosthetic technicians,
Prosthesis fitters
3255 Plysiolleiay Teclnicians
andAssislanls
Veterinary Assistants 3227 3240 Veleiinaiy Teclnicians
andAssislanls
Pharmaceutical Assistants 3228 3213 Plaimaceulical Teclnicians
andAssislanls
Modern Health Associate
Professionals (except
Classified
3229 2230 p Tiadilional
andComlemenlaiy Medicine
Professionals
Homeopaths
2266 Audiologisls andSeecl
Tleiaisls
2267 p Olomeliisls andOlllalmic
Opticians
Orthoptists
Occupational therapists
3259 Healll Associale Piolessionals
Nursing Associate
Professionals
3231 3221 p uising Associale
Professionals
Midwifery Associate
Professionals
3232 3222 p Midwileiy Associale
Professionals
Traditional Medicine
Practitioners
3241 2230 p Tiadilional
Professionals
3230 p Tiadilional
code
ISCO-08
code
Faith Healers 3242 3413 p Religious Associale
Professionals
Primary Education
Teaching Associate
Professionals
3310 2341 p Piimaiy Sclool Teacleis
Pre-primary Education
Teaching Associate
Professionals
3320 2342 p Early Childhood Educators
Special Education Teaching
3330 2352 p Secial eeds Teacleis
Other Teaching Associate
Professionals
3340 2353 p Ollei Ianguage Teacleis
2355 p Ollei Ails Teacleis
2356 p !nloimalion Teclnology
Tiaineis
2359 p Teacling Piolessionals ol
3153 p Aiiciall Pilols andRelaled
Flying instructors
3423 p !ilness andReciealion
!nsliuclois andPiogiamme
Leaders
Sailing instructors,
undeiwalei diving
instructors
5165 Diiving !nsliuclois
Securities andFinance
Dealers andBrokers
3411 2412 p !inancial and!nveslmenl
Adviseis
3311 Secuiilies and!inance Dealeis
andBioleis
Insurance Representatives 3412 3321 !nsuiance Reiesenlalives
Estate Agents 3413 3334 Real Lslale Agenls
andPioeily Manageis
Travel Consultants
andOrganisers
3414 3339 p Business Seivices Agenls ol
Toui oeialois
4221 p Tiavel Consullanls andCleils
Technical andCommercial
Sales Representatives
3415 2433 Teclnical andMedical Sales
Piolessionals (excluding !CT)
2434 Information
andCommunicalions
Teclnology Sales Piolessionals
3322 Commercial Sales
Reiesenlalives
Buyers 3416 3323 Buyers
Appraisers, Valuers
andAuctioneers
3417 3315 Valueis andIoss Assessois
3339 p Business Seivices Agenls ol
Auclioneeis
Finance andSales Associate
Classified
3419 3312 Ciedil andIoans Olliceis Alllougl !SCO-08 3312 is
the only correspondence
lisled loi !SCO-88 3419,
other possibilities such as
2413 may Le consideied, as
3419 is a iesidual giou.
code
ISCO-08
code
Trade Brokers 3421 3324 Tiade Bioleis
Clearing andForwarding
Agents
3422 3331 Cleaiing and!oiwaiding
Agenls
Employment Agents
andLabour Contractors
3423 3333 p Lmloymenl Agenls
andConliaclois
Business Services Agents
andTrade Brokers Not
3429 3339 p Business Seivices Agenls ol
Literary, music, sports
andllealie agenls
Administrative Secretaries
Professionals
3431 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
3342 p Legal Secretaries
3343 p Adminislialive andLxeculive
Secretaries
3344 p Medical Secielaiies
Legal andRelated Business
3432 3411 Iegal andRelaled Associale
Professionals
Bookkeepers 3433 3313 p Accounling Associale
Professionals
Statistical, Mathematical
Professionals
3434 3313 p Accounling Associale
Professionals
Accounling assislanls
3314 Slalislical, Mallemalical
Professionals
Administrative Associate
Classified
3439 3332 Conleience andLvenl Planneis
3341 p Ollice Sueivisois Office managers, office
administrators, clerical
sueivisois
3343 p Adminislialive andLxeculive
Secretaries
Lxeculive secielaiies lo
goveinmenl deailmenl
leads andollicial
committees
3359 p Goveinmenl Regulaloiy
Associale Piolessionals ol
Adminislialive consulai
officials
3433 p Galleiy, Museum andIiLiaiy
Teclnicians
Library technicians
Customs andBorder
Inspectors
3441 3351 Cusloms andBoidei !nseclois
Government Tax andExcise
Officials
3442 3352 Goveinmenl Tax andLxcise
Officials
Government Social Benefits
Officials
3443 3353 Goveinmenl Social Benelils
Officials
Government Licensing
Officials
3444 3354 Goveinmenl Iicensing
Officials
Customs, Tax andRelated
Government Associate
Classified
3449 3359 p Goveinmenl Regulaloiy
Associale Piolessionals ol
code
ISCO-08
code
Police Inspectors
andDetectives
3450 3355 Police Inspectors
andDeleclives
3411 Iegal andRelaled Associale
Professionals
Piivale invesligalois
anddeleclives, sloie
deleclives
Social Work Associate
Professionals
3460 3412 Social Woil Associale
Professionals
Decorators andCommercial
Designers
3471 2163 Pioducl andGaimenl
Designeis
2166 p Gialic andMullimedia
Designeis
3432 !nleiioi Designeis
andDecoialois
3433 p Galleiy, Museum andIiLiaiy
Teclnicians
Museum andgalleiy
technicians
Tallooisls, Lody ailisls
Radio, Television andOther
Announcers
3472 2642 p Journalists Media inleivieweis
2656 Announceis on Radio,
Television andOllei Media
Street, Night-club
andRelated Musicians,
Singers andDancers
3473 2652 p Musicians, Singeis
andComoseis
2653 p Danceis andCloieogialeis
Clowns, Magicians,
Acrobats andRelated
3474 2659 Ciealive andPeiloiming
Ailisls ol Llsewleie
Classified
Stunt coordinators, walkers
on anda iange ol ollei
performing arts support
occupations classified
in !SCO-08 3435 may
lave Leen classilied in
!SCO-883474.
Athletes, Sportspersons
Professionals
3475 3421 Allleles andSoils Playeis
3422 Sports Coaches, Instructors
andOllicials
3423 p !ilness andReciealion
!nsliuclois andPiogiamme
Leaders
Religious Associate
Professionals
3480 3413 p Religious Associale
Professionals
Stenographers andTypists 4111 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4131 p Tyisls andWoid Piocessing
Operators
Word-processor and
Related Operators
4131 p Tyisls andWoid Piocessing
Operators
code
ISCO-08
code
Data Entry Operators 4113 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4132 p Dala Lnliy Cleils
Calculating-machine
Operators
4132 p Dala Lnliy Cleils
Secretaries 4115 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
3342 p Legal Secretaries
3344 p Medical Secielaiies
4120 Secretaries (general)
Accounting
andBookkeeping Clerks
4311 Accounling andBoolleeing
Clerks
4313 Payroll Clerks
Statistical andFinance
Clerks
4312 p Statistical, Finance
and!nsuiance Cleils
Considei !SCO-88 3432
in nalional conlexls. Tle
!SCO-88 index included
brokers assistants
andinsuiance claims,
adjuslmenl andolicy
assistants there.
Stock Clerks 4131 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4321 Stock Clerks
Production Clerks 4132 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4322 Production Clerks
Transport Clerks 4133 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4323 Tiansoil Cleils
Library andFiling Clerks 4141 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4411 Library Clerks
4415 !iling andCoying Cleils
Mail Carriers andSorting
Clerks
4412 Mail Caiiieis andSoiling
Clerks
Coding, Proof-reading
andRelated Clerks
4143 3252 Medical Recoids andHealll
!nloimalion Teclnicians
3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4413 Coding, Proofreading
andRelaled Cleils
Scribes andRelated Workers 4144 4414 SciiLes andRelaled Woileis
Other Office Clerks 4190 3341 p Ollice Sueivisois
4110 Geneial Ollice Cleils
4227 Suivey andMailel Reseaicl
!nleivieweis
4416 Personnel Clerks
4419 Clerical Support Workers Not
code
ISCO-08
code
Cashiers andTicket Clerks 4211 4211 p Banl Telleis andRelaled Cleils Bank cashiers
4212 p Bookmakers, Croupiers
andRelaled Gaming Woileis
Clerk, bookmaking coded
lo 4211 in !SCO-88 index.
5230 Caslieis andTiclel Cleils
Tellers andOther Counter
Clerks
4212 4211 p Banl Telleis andRelaled
Clerks
ole llal lle !SCO-88
index coded Assislanl, Lanl
lo 3432: Iegal andRelaled
Business Associale
Professionals.
Bookmakers andCroupiers 4213 4212 p Bookmakers, Croupiers
andRelaled Gaming Woileis
Pawnbrokers
andMoney-lenders
4214 4213 Pawnbrokers
andMoney-lendeis
Debt-collectors and
Related Workers
4215 4214 DeLl Colleclois andRelaled
Workers
Travel Agency and
Related Clerks
4221 4221 p Tiavel Consullanls andCleils
Receptionists
andInformation Clerks
4222 Contact Centre Information
Clerks
4224 Hotel Receptionists
4225 !nquiiy Cleils
4226 Receptionists (general)
4229 Client Information Workers
Telephone Switchboard
Operators
4223 Telelone SwilclLoaid
Operators
Travel Attendants
andTravel Stewards
5111 4221 p Tiavel Consullanls andCleils Aiioil clecl-in allendanls
5111 Tiavel Allendanls andTiavel
Stewards
Transport Conductors 5112 5112 Tiansoil Conduclois
Travel Guides 5113 5113 Tiavel Guides
Housekeepers and
Related Workers
5121 5151 Cleaning andHouseleeing
Sueivisois in Ollices, Holels
andOllei LslaLlislmenls
5152 Domeslic Houseleeeis
Cooks 5122 3434 Chefs
5120 Cooks
9411 Fast Food Preparers
Waiters, Waitresses
andBartenders
5123 5131 Waiters
5132 Bartenders
Child-care Workers 5131 5311 Child Care Workers
5312 Teacleis` Aides
code
ISCO-08
code
Institution-based Personal
Care Workers
5132 3258 AmLulance Woileis
5321 Healll Caie Assislanls
5329 Personal Care Workers in
Healll Seivices ol Llsewleie
Classified
Hospital orderlies, medical
imaging assistants, dental
aides
Home-based Personal Care
Workers
5133 5322 Home-based Personal Care
Workers
Personal Care andRelated
Classified
5139 5164 Pel Gioomeis andAnimal Caie
Workers
Veterinary aides
5329 Personal Care Workers in
Healll Seivices ol Llsewleie
Classified
Hairdressers, Barbers,
Beauticians andRelated
Workers
5141 5141 Hairdressers
5142 Beaulicians andRelaled
Workers
Companions andValets 5142 5162 Comanions andValels
Undertakers
andEmbalmers
5143 5163 \ndeilaleis andLmLalmeis
Other Personal Services
Classified
5149 5169 Peisonal Seivices Woileis ol
Astrologers andRelated
Workers
5151 5161 p Asliologeis, !oilune-lelleis
andRelaled Woileis
Fortune-tellers, Palmists
andRelated Workers
5152 5161 p Asliologeis, !oilune-lelleis
andRelaled Woileis
Fire-fighters 5161 5411 Firefighters
Police Officers 5162 5412 Police Officers
Prison Guards 5163 5413 Piison Guaids
Protective Services Workers
5169 5414 p Secuiily Guaids
Fashion andOther Models 5210 5241 !aslion andOllei Models
Shop Salespersons
andDemonstrators
5220 5222 Slo Sueivisois
5223 Slo Sales Assislanls
5242 Sales Demonslialois
5245 Seivice Slalion Allendanls
5246 p !ood Seivice Counlei
Allendanls
5249 Sales Workers Not Elsewhere
Classified
Rental salespersons
Stall andMarket
Salespersons
5230 5211 Slall andMailel Saleseisons
5246 p !ood Seivice Counlei
Allendanls
code
ISCO-08
code
Field Crop andVegetable
Growers
6111 6111 p !ield Cio andVegelaLle
Gioweis
Tree andShrub Crop
Growers
6112 6112 p Tiee andSliuL Cio Gioweis
Gardeners, Horticultural
andNursery Growers
6113 6113 p Gaideneis; Hoiliculluial
anduiseiy Gioweis
9214 Gaiden andHoiliculluial
Labourers
Alllougl gaiden laLouieis
should logically be
classilied in !SCO-88
9211, they were not
specifically mentioned in
lle delinilion oi lle index.
It is likely that some garden
andloiliculluial woileis
classilied in !SCO-08
9214 weie classilied in
ceilain nalional conlexls
in!SCO-88 6113.
Mixed-crop Growers 6114 6114 p Mixed Cio Gioweis
Dairy andLivestock
Producers
6121 6121 p Iiveslocl andDaiiy Pioduceis
Poultry Producers 6122 6122 p Poultry Producers
Apiarists andSericulturists 6123 6123 p Aiaiisls andSeiiculluiisls
Mixed-animal Producers 6124 6121 p Iiveslocl andDaiiy Pioduceis
6122 p Poultry Producers
6123 p Aiaiisls andSeiiculluiisls
Market-oriented Animal
Producers andRelated
Classified
6129 5164 Pel Gioomeis andAnimal Caie
Workers
6129 Animal Pioduceis ol
Market-oriented Crop
andAnimal Producers
6130 6130 p Mixed Cio andAnimal
Producers
Forestry Workers
andLoggers
6141 6210 p !oiesliy andRelaled Woileis
Charcoal Burners
andRelated Workers
6142 6210 p !oiesliy andRelaled Woileis
Aquatic-life Cultivation
Workers
6151 6221 p Aquaculluie Woileis
InlandandCoastal Waters
Fishery Workers
6152 6222 p !nlandandCoaslal Waleis
Fishery Workers
7541 p \ndeiwalei Diveis Diveis loi songes, eails
andollei aqualic ioducls
Deep-sea Fishery Workers 6153 6223 p Dee-sea !isleiy Woileis
Hunters andTrappers 6154 6224 Hunleis andTiaeis
Subsistence Agricultural
andFishery Workers
6210 6310 Subsistence Crop Farmers
6320 SuLsislence Iiveslocl !aimeis
code
ISCO-08
code
Subsistence Agricultural
andFishery Workers
6330 SuLsislence Mixed Cio
andIiveslocl !aimeis
6340 Subsistence Fishers, Hunters,
Tiaeis andGalleieis
Miners andQuarry
Workers
7111 3121 Mining Sueivisois
8111 p Mineis andQuaiiieis
Shotfirers andBlasters 7112 7542 Slolliieis andBlasleis
Stone Splitters, Cutters
andCarvers
7113 7113 p Stonemasons, Stone Cutters,
Slilleis andCaiveis
Builders, Traditional
Materials
7121 7111 p House Builders
Bricklayers
andStonemasons
7122 7112 Biicllayeis andRelaled
Workers
7113 p Stonemasons, Stone Cutters,
Slilleis andCaiveis
Concrete Placers, Concrete
Finishers andRelated
Workers
7123 7114 Concrete Placers, Concrete
!inisleis andRelaled Woileis
Carpenters andJoiners 7124 7115 Caienleis and1oineis
Building Frame andRelated
Trades Workers Not
7129 3123 p Consliuclion Sueivisois
7111 p House Builders House builders not using
traditional materials
7119 Building !iame andRelaled
Classified
Roofers 7131 7121 Roofers
Floor Layers andTile
Setters
7132 7122 !looi Iayeis andTile Selleis
Plasterers 7133 7123 Plasterers
Insulation Workers 7134 7124 Insulation Workers
Glaziers 7135 7125 Glazieis
Plumbers andPipe Fitters 7136 7126 PlumLeis andPie !illeis
Building andRelated
Electricians
7137 7411 Building andRelaled
Electricians
Painters andRelated
Workers
7141 7131 Painleis andRelaled Woileis
Varnishers andRelated
Painters
7142 7132 Siay Painleis andVainisleis
Building Structure
Cleaners
7143 7133 Building Structure Cleaners
7544 !umigalois andOllei Pesl
andWeed Conliolleis
Metal Moulders
andCoremakers
7211 7211 p Melal Mouldeis
andCoiemaleis
Welders andFlamecutters 7212 7212 Weldeis and!lame Culleis
code
ISCO-08
code
Sheet-metal Workers 7213 7213 Sleel Melal Woileis
Structural-metal Preparers
andErectors
7214 7214 Sliucluial Melal Pieaieis
andLieclois
Riggers andCable Splicers 7215 7215 Riggeis andCaLle Sliceis
Underwater Workers 7216 7541 p \ndeiwalei Diveis
Blacksmiths, Hammer-
smiths andForging-press
Workers
7221 7221 Blacksmiths, Hammersmiths
and!oiging Piess Woileis
Tool-makers andRelated
Workers
7222 7222 Toolmaleis andRelaled
Workers
Machine-tool Setters
andSetter-operators
7223 7223 p Melal Woiling Macline Tool
Selleis andOeialois
7319 p Handicraft Workers Not
Melal loymaleis
Metal Wheel-grinders,
Polishers andTool
Sharpeners
7224 7224 Melal Polisleis, Wleel
Giindeis andTool Slaieneis
Motor Vehicle Mechanics
andFitters
7231 7231 Moloi Velicle Meclanics
andReaiieis
7234 Bicycle andRelaled Reaiieis
Aircraft Engine Mechanics
andFitters
7232 7232 Aiiciall Lngine Meclanics
andReaiieis
Agricultural- or Industrial-
machinery Mechanics
andFitters
7233 7127 Aii Condilioning
andReliigeialion Meclanics
7233 Agiiculluial and!ndusliial
Maclineiy Meclanics
andReaiieis
Electrical Mechanics
andFitters
7241 7412 Llecliical Meclanics
and!illeis
Electronics Fitters 7242 7421 p Lleclionics Meclanics
andSeiviceis
7422 p Information
andCommunicalions
Teclnology !nslalleis
andSeiviceis
Electronics Mechanics
andServicers
7243 7421 p Lleclionics Meclanics
andSeiviceis
7422 p Information and
Telegraph andTelephone
Installers andServicers
7244 7422 p Information and
Electrical Line Installers,
Repairers andCable
Jointers
7245 7413 Electrical Line Installers
andReaiieis
7422 p Information and
code
ISCO-08
code
Precision-instrument
Makers andRepairers
7311 3214 p Medical andDenlal Piosllelic
Teclnicians
7311 Piecision-insliumenl Maleis
andReaiieis
Musical-instrument Makers
andTuners
7312 7312 Musical !nsliumenl Maleis
andTuneis
Jewellery andPrecious-
metal Workers
7313 7313 1ewelleiy andPiecious Melal
Workers
Abrasive Wheel Formers,
Potters andRelated
Workers
7321 7314 Polleis andRelaled Woileis
Glass-makers, Cutters,
Grinders andFinishers
7322 7315 Glass Maleis, Culleis,
Giindeis and!inisleis
7549 Ciall andRelaled Woileis ol
Lens polishers, grinders,
mouldeis andsliceis
Glass Engravers
andEtchers
7323 7316 p Signwiileis, Decoialive
Painleis, Lngiaveis andLlcleis
Glass, Ceramics
andRelated Decorative
Painters
7324 7316 p Signwiileis, Decoialive
Painleis, Lngiaveis andLlcleis
Handicraft Workers
in Wood andRelated
Materials
7331 7317 p Handicraft Workers in Wood,
Basleliy andRelaled Maleiials
7319 p Handicraft Workers Not
Handicraft Workers
in Textile, Leather
andRelated Materials
7332 7318 p Handiciall Woileis in Texlile,
Compositors, Typesetters
andRelated Workers
7341 7321 p Pie-iess Teclnicians
7322 p Printers Printers, printing machine
setters, takers-off
Stereotypers
andElectrotypers
Printing Engravers
andEtchers
Photographic andRelated
Workers
7344 8132 p Photographic Products
Macline Oeialois
Bookbinders andRelated
Workers
7345 7323 p Piinl !inisling andBinding
Workers
Silk-screen, Block
andTextile Printers
7346 7322 p Printers
Butchers, Fishmongers
andRelated Food Preparers
7411 7511 Butchers, Fishmongers
andRelaled !ood Pieaieis
Bakers, Pastry-cooks
andConfectionery Makers
7412 7512 Bakers, Pastry-cooks
andConleclioneiy Maleis
Dairy-products Makers 7413 7513 Daiiy Pioducls Maleis
Fruit, Vegetable andRelated
Preservers
7414 7514 !iuil, VegelaLle andRelaled
Pieseiveis
code
ISCO-08
code
Food andBeverage Tasters
andGraders
7415 7515 !ood andBeveiage Tasleis
andGiadeis
Tobacco Preparers
andTobacco Products
Makers
7416 7516 ToLacco Pieaieis
andToLacco Pioducls Maleis
Wood Treaters 7421 7521 p Wood Tiealeis
Cabinet-makers and
Related Workers
7422 7522 CaLinel-maleis andRelaled
Workers
Woodworking-machine
Setters andSetter-operators
7423 7523 p Woodwoiling Macline Tool
Selleis andOeialois
Basketry Weavers, Brush
Makers andRelated
Workers
7424 7317 p Handicraft Workers in Wood,
Basleliy andRelaled Maleiials
Fibre Preparers 7431 7318 p Handiciall Woileis in Texlile,
Weavers, Knitters
andRelated Workers
7432 7318 p Handiciall Woileis in Texlile,
8152 p Weaving andKnilling Macline
Operators
Weaving andlnilling
machine setters
Tailors, Dressmakers
andHatters
7433 7531 p Tailois, Diessmaleis, !uiiieis
andHalleis
Furriers and
Related Workers
7434 7531 p Tailois, Diessmaleis, !uiiieis
andHalleis
Textile, Leather and
Related Pattern-makers
andCutters
7435 7532 Gaimenl andRelaled
Palleinmaleis andCulleis
Sewers, Embroiderers
andRelated Workers
7436 7533 Sewing, Embroidery
andRelaled Woileis
Upholsterers and
Related Workers
7437 7534 \lolsleieis andRelaled
Workers
Pelt Dressers, Tanners
andFellmongers
7441 7535 Pell Diesseis, Tanneis
and!ellmongeis
Shoe-makers and
Related Workers
7442 7536 Sloemaleis andRelaled
Workers
Mining-plant Operators 8111 3121 Mining Sueivisois
8111 p Mineis andQuaiiieis
Mineral-ore- andStone-
processing-plant Operators
8112 8112 Mineial andSlone Piocessing
Plant Operators
Well Drillers andBorers
andRelated Workers
8113 8113 Well Diilleis andBoieis
andRelaled Woileis
Ore andMetal Furnace
Operators
8121 3135 p Melal Pioduclion Piocess
Controllers
8121 p Melal Piocessing Planl
Operators
Metal Melters, Casters
andRolling-mill Operators
Controllers
Operators
code
ISCO-08
code
Metal-heat-treating-plant
Operators
Controllers
Operators
Metal Drawers
andExtruders
Controllers
Operators
Glass andCeramics Kiln
and Related Machine
Operators
8131 8181 p Glass andCeiamics Planl
Operators
Glass, Ceramics and
8139 8181 p Glass andCeiamics Planl
Operators
Wood-processing-plant
Operators
8141 8172 Wood Processing Plant
Operators
Paper-pulp Plant Operators 8142 3139 p Piocess Conliol Teclnicians
8171 p Pul andPaeimaling Planl
Operators
Papermaking-plant
Operators
8143 3139 p Piocess Conliol Teclnicians
8171 p Pul andPaeimaling Planl
Operators
Crushing-, Grinding-
andChemical-mixing
Machinery Operators
8151 8131 p Chemical Products Plant
andMacline Oeialois
Chemical-heat-treating-
plant Operators
8152 3133 p Chemical Processing Plant
Controllers
8131 p Chemical Products Plant
andMacline Oeialois
Chemical-filtering-
andSeparating-equipment
Operators
Controllers
andMacline Oeialois
Chemical-still andReactor
operators (except Petroleum
andNatural Gas)
Controllers
andMacline Oeialois
Petroleum- andNatural-
gas-refining-plant
Operators
8155 3134 Pelioleum andaluial Gas
Refining Plant Operators
andMacline Oeialois
Operators of compounders
andollei single iocess
lanl andmaclineiy
in elioleum andgas
refineries
Chemical-processing-plant
Classified
Controllers
andMacline Oeialois
code
ISCO-08
code
Power-production Plant
Operators
8161 3131 Power Production Plant
Operators
Steam-engine andBoiler
Operators
8162 8182 Sleam Lngine andBoilei
Operators
Incinerator, water-
treatment andRelated Plant
Operators
8163 3132 !ncineialoi andWalei
Tiealmenl Planl Oeialois
Automated-assembly-line
Operators
8171 3122 p Manulacluiing Sueivisois
3139 p Piocess Conliol Teclnicians
Industrial-robot Operators 8172 3122 p Manulacluiing Sueivisois
3139 p Piocess Conliol Teclnicians
Machine-tool Operators 8211 3122 p Manulacluiing Sueivisois
7211 p Melal Mouldeis
andCoiemaleis
Coremaking machine
operators
7223 p Melal Woiling Macline Tool
Selleis andOeialois
Cement andOther
Mineral Products Machine
Operators
8212 8114 Cemenl, Slone andOllei
Mineial Pioducls Macline
Operators
Pharmaceutical-
andToiletry-products
Machine Operators
andMacline Oeialois
Ammunition-
andExplosive-products
Machine Operators
andMacline Oeialois
Metal Finishing-, Plating-
andCoating-machine
Operators
8122 Melal !inisling, Plaling
andCoaling Macline
Operators
Photographic-products
Machine Operators
8132 p Photographic Products
Macline Oeialois
Chemical-products Machine
Classified
andMacline Oeialois
Rubber-products Machine
Operators
8141 RuLLei Pioducls Macline
Operators
code
ISCO-08
code
Plastic-products Machine
Operators
8142 Plaslic Pioducls Macline
Operators
Wood-products Machine
Operators
7521 p Wood Tiealeis Wood treating machine
operators
7523 p Woodwoiling Macline Tool
Selleis andOeialois
Printing-machine Operators 8251 3122 p Manulacluiing Sueivisois
7322 p Printers
Bookbinding-machine
Operators
7323 p Piinl !inisling andBinding
Workers
Paper-products Machine
Operators
8143 Paei Pioducls Macline
Operators
Fibre-preparing-, Spinning-
andWinding-machine
Operators
8151 Fibre Preparing, Spinning
andWinding Macline
Operators
Weaving- andKnitting-
machine Operators
8152 p Weaving andKnilling Macline
Operators
Sewing-machine Operators 8263 3122 p Manulacluiing Sueivisois
8153 Sewing Macline Oeialois
Bleaching-, Dyeing- and
Cleaning-machine Operators
8154 Bleacling, Dyeing and!aLiic
Cleaning Macline Oeialois
8157 Iaundiy Macline Oeialois
Fur- andLeather-preparing-
machine Operators
8155 !ui andIeallei Pieaiing
Macline Oeialois
Shoemaking- andRelated
Machine Operators
8156 Sloemaling andRelaled
Macline Oeialois
Textile-, Fur- andLeather-
products Machine Operators
8159 Texlile, !ui andIeallei
Pioducls Macline Oeialois
code
ISCO-08
code
Meat- andFish-processing-
machine Operators
8160 p !ood andRelaled Pioducls
Macline Oeialois
Dairy-products Machine
Operators
Macline Oeialois
Grain- andSpice-milling-
machine Operators
Macline Oeialois
Baked-goods, Cereal
andChocolate-products-
machine Operators
Macline Oeialois
Fruit-, Vegetable- andNut-
processing-machine
Operators
Macline Oeialois
Sugar Production Machine
Operators
Macline Oeialois
Tea-, Coffee- andCocoa-
processing-machine
Operators
Macline Oeialois
Brewers-, Wine andOther
Beverage Machine Operators
Macline Oeialois
Tobacco Production
Machine Operators
Macline Oeialois
Mechanical-machinery
Assemblers
8211 Meclanical Maclineiy
AssemLleis
Electrical-equipment
Assemblers
8212 p Llecliical andLleclionic
Lquimenl AssemLleis
Electronic-equipment
Assemblers
8212 p Llecliical andLleclionic
Lquimenl AssemLleis
code
ISCO-08
code
Metal-, Rubber- and
Plastic-products Assemblers
8219 p AssemLleis ol Llsewleie
Classified
Wood andRelated Products
Assemblers
Classified
Paperboard, Textile
and Related Products
Assemblers
Classified
Other Machine Operators
andAssemblers
8183 Pacling, Bollling andIaLelling
Macline Oeialois
8189 Slalionaiy Planl andMacline
Classified
Classified
Locomotive-engine
Drivers
8311 8311 Iocomolive Lngine Diiveis
Railway Brakers,
Signallers andShunters
8312 8312 Railway Brake, Signal
andSwilcl Oeialois
Motor-cycle Drivers 8321 8321 Moloicycle Diiveis
Car, Taxi andVan Drivers 8322 8322 Cai, Taxi andVan Diiveis
Bus andTram Drivers 8323 8331 Bus andTiam Diiveis
Heavy Truck andLorry
Drivers
8324 8332 Heavy Tiucl andIoiiy Diiveis
Motorised Farm
andForestry Plant
Operators
8331 8341 MoLile !aim and!oiesliy
Plant Operators
Earth-moving- and
8332 8342 Laillmoving andRelaled Planl
Operators
Crane, Hoist and
8333 8343 Ciane, Hoisl andRelaled Planl
Operators
Lifting-truck Operators 8334 8344 Iilling Tiucl Oeialois
Ships Deck Crews
andRelated Workers
8340 8350 Slis` Decl Ciews andRelaled
Workers
Street Food Vendors 9111 5212 Street Food Salespersons
Street Vendors, Non-food
Products
9112 9520 Slieel Vendois (excluding
Food)
Door-to-door and
Telephone Salespersons
9113 5243 Dooi-lo-dooi saleseisons
5244 Contact Centre Salespersons
Shoe Cleaning andOther
Street Services Elementary
Occupations
9120 9510 Slieel andRelaled Seivice
Workers
code
ISCO-08
code
Domestic Helpers
andCleaners
9131 9111 Domeslic Cleaneis andHeleis
Helpers andCleaners in
Offices, Hotels andOther
Establishments
9132 9112 Cleaneis andHeleis in
Ollices, Holels andOllei
Establishments
9412 Kitchen Helpers
Hand-launderers
andPressers
9133 9121 HandIaundeieis andPiesseis
Building Caretakers 9141 5153 Building Caretakers
Vehicle, Window
andRelated Cleaners
9142 9122 Vehicle Cleaners
9123 Window Cleaners
9129 Other Cleaning Workers
Messengers, Package
andLuggage Porters
andDeliverers
9151 9621 p Messengeis, Paclage Deliveieis
andIuggage Poileis
Doorkeepers, Watchpersons
andRelated Workers
9152 5414 p Secuiily Guaids
9621 p Messengeis, Paclage Deliveieis
andIuggage Poileis
Hotel porters
9629 Elementary Workers Not
Vending-machine Money
Collectors, Meter Readers
andRelated Workers
9153 9623 Melei Readeis andVending-
machine Collectors
Garbage Collectors 9161 9611 GaiLage andRecycling
Collectors
9612 Refuse Sorters
Sweepers andRelated
Labourers
9162 9613 Sweeeis andRelaled
Labourers
9622 Odd-job Persons
9624 Walei and!iiewood Colleclois
Farm-hands andLabourers 9211 9211 Crop Farm Labourers
9212 Iiveslocl !aim IaLouieis
9213 Mixed Cio andIiveslocl
Farm Labourers
9214 Gaiden andHoiliculluial
Labourers
Forestry Labourers 9212 9215 Forestry Labourers
Fishery, Hunting
andTrapping Labourers
9213 9216 !isleiy andAquaculluie
Labourers
Mining andQuarrying
Labourers
9311 9311 Mining andQuaiiying
Labourers
Construction
andMaintenance
Labourers: Roads, Dams
andSimilar Constructions
9312 9312 Civil Lngineeiing IaLouieis
Building Construction
Labourers
9313 9313 Building Construction
Labourers
code
ISCO-08
code
Assembling Labourers 9321 9329 p Manulacluiing IaLouieis ol
HandPackers andOther
Manufacturing Labourers
9322 9321 HandPacleis
9329 p Manulacluiing IaLouieis ol
Handor Pedal Vehicle
Drivers
9331 9331 HandandPedal Velicle
Diiveis
Drivers of Animal-drawn
Vehicles andMachinery
9332 9332 Diiveis ol Animal-diawn
Velicles andMaclineiy
Freight Handlers 9333 9333 Freight Handlers
9334 Shelf Fillers
Armed Forces 0110 0110 Commissioned Aimed !oices
Officers
0210 on-commissioned Aimed
Forces Officers
0310 Aimed !oices Occualions,
Other Ranks

International Standard Classifi Cation of Occupations 08

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International Standard Classifi Cation of Occupations 08

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ISCO08

5enior Sovernment DfciaIs

5enior DfciaIs of 5peciaI-interest Drganizations

Human Pesource Managers

Business 5ervices and Administration Managers

5aIes and Marketing Managers

Advertising and PubIic PeIations Managers

Pesearch and DeveIopment Managers

AquacuIture and Fisheries Production Managers

5uppIy, Distribution and PeIated Managers

!nformation and Communications TechnoIogy

5ports, Pecreation and CuIturaI Centre Managers

5ervices Managers Not EIsewhere CIassied

Physicists and Astronomers

SeoIogists and Seophysicists

Mathematicians, Actuaries and 5tatisticians

Farming, Forestry and Fisheries Advisers

EnvironmentaI Protection ProfessionaIs

Engineering ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

Product and Sarment Designers

Town and Trafc PIanners

Cartographers and 5urveyors

Sraphic and MuItimedia Designers

5peciaIist MedicaI Practitioners

TraditionaI and CompIementary Medicine

EnvironmentaI and DccupationaI HeaIth and

AudioIogists and 5peech Therapists

Dptometrists and DphthaImic Dpticians

HeaIth ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

Primary 5chooI Teachers

Education Methods 5peciaIists

5peciaI Needs Teachers

!nformation TechnoIogy Trainers

Teaching ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

FinanciaI and !nvestment Advisers

Management and Drganization AnaIysts

PoIicy Administration ProfessionaIs

Training and 5taff DeveIopment ProfessionaIs

Advertising and Marketing ProfessionaIs

PubIic PeIations ProfessionaIs

!nformation and Communications TechnoIogy

Web and MuItimedia DeveIopers

5oftware and AppIications DeveIopers

Database Designers and Administrators

Computer Network ProfessionaIs

Database and Network ProfessionaIs

LegaI ProfessionaIs Not EIsewhere CIassied

Librarians and PeIated !nformation ProfessionaIs

PhiIosophers, Historians and PoIiticaI 5cientists

5ociaI Work and CounseIIing ProfessionaIs

TransIators, !nterpreters and Dther Linguists

Musicians, 5ingers and Composers

Dancers and Choreographers

FiIm, 5tage and PeIated Directors and Producers

Creative and Performing Artists

ChemicaI and PhysicaI 5cience Technicians

ChemicaI Engineering Technicians

Power Production PIant Dperators

!ncinerator and Water Treatment PIant Dperators

ChemicaI Processing PIant ControIIers

PetroIeum and NaturaI Sas Pening PIant

Process ControI Technicians Not EIsewhere

Life 5cience Technicians (excIuding MedicaI)