2 Domestic Premises Dwelling house & flats : 160-180 /head/day Apartment/Condominium without pool : 20-22 m 3 /unit/month Condominium with pool : 24 m 3 /unit/month Terrace House : 30 m 3 /unit/month Semi-detached house : 38 m 3 /unit/month Bungalows/Detached house : 51 m 3 /unit/month
2 Office Staff (office without canteen) : 35 /head/day Staff (office with canteen) : 45 /head/day Visitor : 10 /head/day
2 Hotel Staff/employee : 40 /head/day Guest : 135 /head/day Visitor : 10 /head/day Laundry : 37/kg of clothes washed (7.5 kg laundry/room) Overall Index: Less than 200 rooms : 25 m 3 /room/month 201-400 rooms : 36 m 3 /room/month More than 400 rooms : 46 m 3 /room/month
2 Laundrette/Laundry Laundrette : 39/kg of clothes washed Laundry : 37/kg of clothes washed
A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation
Thomas Ting/PPD 3 October 2002
2 Factory/Industrial Premises With canteen & with toilet: Staff : 60 /head/day Worker : 60 /head/day Without canteen & with toilet: Staff : 40 /head/day Worker : 40 /head/day Without canteen & without toilet: Staff : 10 /head/day Worker : 10 /head/day
2 Electronics Industry Single & Double-sided PCB : 0.76 m 3 /m 2 of board area Multi-layer PCB : 1.6 m 3 /m 2 of board area
2 Military Institute Stay-in personnel : 150 /head/day Stay-out personnel : 35 /head/day Cookhouse : 10 /head/day
2 Food Court Stall (cooking) : 40-60 m 3 /stall/month Dry food stall (No cooking) : 30 m 3 /stall/month
2 Restaurant Chinese : 80-120 /seat/day Western : 50-100 /seat/day Japanese : 75-100 /seat/day Thai : 80-100 /seat/day Indonesian : 70-90 /seat/day Fast food : 70-90 /seat/day Caf / Snack bars : 40-80 /seat/day
2 Construction Sites Staff : 1 m 3 /head/month Worker (stay-in) : 3.5 m 3 /worker/month Canteen : 20 /worker/day Vehicle washing : 20 /vehicle washed Concreting Activities : 0.25 m 3 /m 3 of concrete Over Index: Building construction : 0.6 m 3 /m 2 of floor area Batching plant : 0.29 m 3 /m 2 of concrete
A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation
Thomas Ting/PPD 4 October 2002
2 Miscellaneous Toilet washing : 120 /toilet/day (12 /min x 10 min/day) Refuse Chute / Bin Centre washing : 240 /wash/day (12 /min x 20 min/day) Staircase washing (residential flats) 1080 /stair/month (12 /min x 90 min/month) Gardening : 120 /tap/day (12 /min x 10 min/day) Cooling Tower make-up : 8-12 /ton/hr Swimming pool make-up : 10% x pools volume/month Fittings: W.C. : 180 /nos/day (overall urinal : 135-250 /nos/day Index) sink : 135-225 /nos/day Wash basin : 90-250 /nos/day shower : 135-225 /nos/day Boiler : (S x t x Y o ) /day
where: S = Quantity of steam generated (ton/hr) t = Time of operation of boiler per day (hour) Y o = As given in table below (litres)
Condensate return % of steam in contact with or used in products Y o (litres) Water consumption per ton of steam produced 0 370 0-25 590 25-50 890 50-75 1,250 Above 75 1,470