1. Overcurrent Relays
The fault in bus 0 can be sensed by 1 5 and 1(. !n this type of protection2 all the circuit brea+ers of the busbar 3one are disconnected. These are * #2 *%2 *'2 *( 4 *5. 1, 4 15 will act as bac+up protection if *( and *5 do not clear the fault. For fault in bus B2 16 will sense the fault and *,2 *5 and *6 will open. This type of protection is slow and evolves complicated control system to discriminate faults within the 3one. 0lso2 the 3one of the busbar is not clearly identified. 44
2. Directional Interlock
!t uses directional relays in source circuits and over current relays in load circuits. !t ma+es the discrimination between internal and e&ternal faults possible. The contacts of the relays are interloc+ed in such a way that if power flows the busbar is sufficiently low2 all the circuit brea+ers on the source side and the load side are tripped.
3. Differential Protection
For normal conditions2 the vector sum of currents entering the bus 3one is e7ual to the vector sum of currents leaving the bus 3one. i.e. !i 8 3ero /uring internal faults2 the vector sum of currents in the circuits connected to bus bar is e7ual to fault current2 i.e. !i 8 !f Disadvanta es! #. 9arge number of circuits having different current levels. %. aturation of *T cores due to d.c. component in s.c. current. '. ectionali3ing of bus ma+es the circuit complicated.
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.nly % of the ' circuit brea+ers can operate at the same time. The circuit brea+ers on the transformers are normally closed but the circuit brea+er in the centre of the busbar is normally open.
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