Deindividuation process by which an individual minimizes his/her person responsibility` What is deindividuation related to?

roles in a company Business Ethics behavior that is consistent with the principles, norms, and standards of business practice that have been agreed upon by society idealism persons concern for the welfare of others -thinking about consequences Realism person's emphasis on ethical principles being dependent on the situation rather than being applicable to all situations -deontological theories Sentencing Guidlines Use a culpability score, which starts at 5 and can go up and down from there based on the severity and how the firm reacts. the culpability score is multiplied by a minimum multiplier to determine what the firm has to pay as their fine. Protections underneath discrimination laws -Title VII -Pregnancy discrimination act of 1978 -1967 age discrimination in employment act -1973 rehabilitation act -Americans with disabilities act -costly for employers -almost certain loss of job for employees illusion of control people believe that they are less susceptible to risks than other people are illusion of optimism people overestimate the likelihood of good future events and underestimate the bad Escalation of Commitment because you have already made the decision, and you have a lot invested in that decision, your tendency will be to continue your commitment to this previously selected investment -"throwing good money after bad"

Locus of Control an individual's perception of how much control he or she exerts over life events high internal: believes that outcomes are primarily the result of his or her own efforts -high external:life events are determined primarily by fate, luck , or powerful others Machiavellianism behavior with the aim of achieving self-interested outcomes -usually associated with unethical behavior Ego Strength -healthy ego's will behave more ethically -low confidence will affect decision making Confirmation Trap when you confirm your original beliefs with small amounts of information that matches what you already believe, and ignoring any combating information

Moral Disengagement
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most of us behave ethically most of the time because we have internalized standards of good conduct and judge out behavior against these standards Kohlberg's model

level 1. rewards/punishments, exchanges 2. shared norms, societal obligations 3. principled, autonomous the Zimbardo prison experiment demonstrated that if you give people power they will take it and potentially abuse it, and then the other people felt powerless/scared. Moral Approbation desire for moral approvals from oneself or others 3 levels of moral approbation -From others (praise) -from others (blame) from the self Consequentialism when determining right and wrong, focus attention on the results of consequences of the decision or action Deontology base decisions about what's right on a universal moral law Utilitarianism: Decision Rule maximize the common good -morally obligated to to the thing that leads to the most good for the most people Utilitarianism: Pros/Cons pro: replaces partiality with science con: the means don't matter -doesn't matter who you hurt as long as you help more than you hurt Nozick's Theory of Rights: Decision Rule freedom from force and fraud Nozick's Theory of Rights: Pros/Cons pro: virutally complete freedom of action with minimal government intrusion con: almost complete disregard of interest of others with a stake in behavior stakeholders mean nothing Rawls' Theory of Justice: Decision Rule

greatest benefit to the least advantaged Rawls' Theory of Justice: Pros/Cons Pro: "unbiased" approach to social justice (veil of ignorance) Con: denies free will -does not believe in meritocracy (those that put in the most should get the most back) -the reason you are here has nothing to do with you, everything you know your parents taught you, and your parents gave you all your genes Virtue Ethics: Decision Rule focuses on the integrity of the moral actor -goal is to be a good person because that is the type of person you wish to be

Kant's Categorical Imperative

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consider whether the rationale for your action is suitable to become a universal law or principle for everyone to follow