Synopsis On Automatic Street Light On/Off

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Course Integrated Project of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING BATCH-2012

Jan 2014 May 2014

SUBMITTED TO :Mr.Gaurav Mehta

SUBMITTED BY: 1. Amarjot Kaur (b120010046)

2. Arshya Gupta (b120010086)

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CHITKARA UNIVERSITY, Barotiwala,Baddi, Himachal Pradesh

INTEGRATED PROJECT TEAM INFORMATION

Team Leader Name and ID : Arshya Gupta Number of members in Team: 3

B120010086

Sr No 1

Student Name B120010046 Amarjot Kaur B120010086 Arshya Gupta

Student ID

Contribution in Project Typing work, studying about components used,

Sign

B120010160

soldering Finding circuit diagram, buying components, printing work, editing work, soldering and detecting errors in circuit. Multisim work, soldering, finding useful information for report.

Signature of Team Leader

Signature of Faculty

ABSTRACT
We are making this project because every day we see that after sunrise street lights remains on moreover when there is no vehicle or person going through a specific road they are still on, which leads to wastage of a lot of electricity every day. So to overcome this situation street lights can be automatically controlled by using a simple circuit. It automatically switches on lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of eyes. This is done by a sensor called LDR(Light Depending Resistor) which senses the light actually like a human eye. This project proposes energy efficient automatic street lighting system based on low cost LDR. The main objective is to design energy efficient based controller for controlling the Light Emitting Diode (LED) based street lamp via appropriate lighting levels control. This system is consists of a light sensor and a set of the light emitting diode (LED) module. The system was programmed to automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night or bad weather.

OBJECTIVE
This project aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights with light depending resistor. Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. In our project we are using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface, this give an indication for us whether it is a day/night time. The IRs will be activated only on the night time. The gadget provides you a lot of savings as it can cut your power bill by a considerable amount as it would turn the light off even if you didn't do so. In standby this circuit consumes less power that an LED on your power supply board would. LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.LDR come in many types. Inexpensive cadmium supplied cells can be found in many consumer items such as camera light meters, street lights, clock radios, alarm devices, night lights, outdoor clocks, solar street lamps and solar road studs, etc.

FEASIBILITY STUDY
Automatic Street light is basically a new invention in the era of technology. This technology helps is saving a lot of electricity as the light switches on or off automatically in appropriate time. Moreover, errors which occur due to manual operation also can be eliminated completely. The Automatic street light controller unit fabrication is cost-effective with good sensitivity and high reproducibility. The circuit is designed in such a way that the extent of darkness at which the light has to switch on or off also can be tailored whenever it is needed. Recently in June 2013 Kerala State Electricity Board, planned to set up Automatic street lights in 1028 locations.

METHODOLOGY
A photo resistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.

Needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF. When there is need of light it automatically switches ON. When darkness rises to a certain value then sensor circuit gets activated and switches ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the street light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted.

This circuit uses a popular timer I.C 555(8-pin). I.C 555 is connected as comparator with pin-6 connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when the trigger pin 2 is at lower then 1/3rd level of the supply voltage. Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above 1/3rd level. So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is enough to change the level of output (pin-3) from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is powered by a 6V battery for portable use. The circuit is economic in power consumption. Pin 4, 6 and 8 is connected to the positive supply and pin 1 is grounded. To detect the present of an object we have used LDR and a source of light.LDR is a special type of resistance whose value depends on the brightness of the light which is falling on it. It has resistance of about 1 mega ohm when in total darkness, but a resistance of only about 5k ohms when brightness illuminated. It responds to a large part of light spectrum. We have made a potential divider circuit with LDR and 100K variable resistance connected in series. We know that voltage is directly proportional to conductance so more voltage we will get from this divider when LDR is getting light and low voltage in darkness. This divided voltage is given to pin 2 of IC 555.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
Soldering Iron Soldering Wire Strip Board Connecting Wires IC 555 LDR(Light Dependent Resistor) Led Resistor (470 ) Variable resistor (50k ) Battery (9V)

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
Multisim and Ultiboard Education Edition Evaluation

REFRENCES
http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/KSEB-all-set-to-installautomatic-streetlights/2013/06/25/article1651095.ece http://electronicsprojectsforfree.blogspot.in/2013/08/how-to-make-automatic-streetlight.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_light