Starting the debugger in a modal screen Usually in ABAP, when you want to start the debugger from a certain

point, you just have to write "/H" in the command window. But if you are in a modal screen or in a message display, you cannot write the traditional "/H", here is how to do it : 1. Open notepad and paste these lines in a document : [FUNCTION] Command=/H Title=Debugger Type=SystemCommand 2. Save this document anywhere on your local pc. ex: c:\breakpoint.txt 3. Drag&drop this file from the explorer to your ABAP modal screen.... et voila !! Retrieving field names dynamically Sometimes you may have only a table name and want to retrieve the name of each field of the corresponding table. For example, when you want to use ASSIGN COMPONENT fieldname OF TABLE table. An ABAPer's first reaction is to read the standard ABAP basis tables DD02L, DD03L, etc This way of reading fields is very slow. Use methods from the class CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR instead. Example: data: descr_struc_ref TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr. descr_struc_ref ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name('SFLIGHT' ). Here is the result of descr_struct_ref after the execution of this piece of code ABSOLUTE_NAME C 200 \TYPE=SFLIGHT TYPE_KIND C 1 u LENGTH I 4 80 DECIMALS I 4 0 KIND C 1 S STRUCT_KIND C 1 F COMPONENTS h 8 Table[14x40]

HAS_INCLUDE C 1 The table COMPONENTS is filled with : LENGTH DECIMALS TYPE_KIND NAME 3 | 0 |C |MANDT 3 | 0 |C |CARRID 4 | 0 |N |CONNID 8 | 0 |D |FLDATE etc. You have the fields name and a lot more information about the table. This class can also handle structure, table type, etc. Note that this method is very fast because it uses the database layer directly thanks to SYSTEM CALLs. To have a look at the class, use transaction SE24. Restricting the selection screen When you create a select-option for an input to your program, for each field, the default selection screen looks like this:

And the default possible selections are:

but sometime you don't want to give the user the possibility to select a range, select values "greater than", etc. Here is a small example on how to do it: REPORT ZDANY_RESTRICT_SELECTION. * Include type pool SSCR TYPE-POOLS sscr. TABLES : sflight. * defining the selection-screen select-options : s_carrid for sflight-carrid, s_connid for sflight-connid. * Define the object to be passed to the RESTRICTION parameter DATA restrict TYPE sscr_restrict. * Auxiliary objects for filling RESTRICT DATA : optlist TYPE sscr_opt_list, ass type sscr_ass. INITIALIZATION. * Restricting the carrid selection to only EQ and 'BT'. optlist-name = 'OBJECTKEY1'. optlist-options-eq = 'X'. optlist-options-bt = 'X'. APPEND optlist TO restrict-opt_list_tab. ass-kind = 'S'. ass-name = 'S_carrid'. ass-sg_main = 'I'.

ass-sg_addy = space. ass-op_main = 'OBJECTKEY1'. APPEND ass TO restrict-ass_tab. * Restricting the connid selection to CP, GE, LT, NE. optlist-name = 'OBJECTKEY2'. optlist-options-cp = 'X'. optlist-options-ge = 'X'. optlist-options-lt = 'X'. optlist-options-ne = 'X'. APPEND optlist TO restrict-opt_list_tab. ass-kind = 'S'. ass-name = 'S_connid'. ass-sg_main = 'I'. ass-sg_addy = space. ass-op_main = 'OBJECTKEY2'. APPEND ass TO restrict-ass_tab. CALL FUNCTION 'SELECT_OPTIONS_RESTRICT' EXPORTING restriction = restrict EXCEPTIONS TOO_LATE = 1 REPEATED = 2 SELOPT_WITHOUT_OPTIONS = 3 SELOPT_WITHOUT_SIGNS = 4 INVALID_SIGN = 5 EMPTY_OPTION_LIST = 6 INVALID_KIND = 7 REPEATED_KIND_A = 8 OTHERS = 9. IF sy-subrc <> 0. MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4. ENDIF. when you execute this piece of code, you will notice that for carrid, the selection screen is now restricted :

Calling an external program

You want to call a program on your PC from an ABAP program ? try this function : *This example calls the dos prompt DATA: i_returncode TYPE i.

CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_EXEC'

EXPORTING command = 'CMD' <<==-- CMD calls the DOS prompt but you can put any program here * PARAMETER = 'test' IMPORTING returncode = i_returncode. there is a lot of other functions to communicate with the PC like: GUI_CREATE_DIRECTORY GUI_DELETE_FILE GUI_DOWNLOAD GUI_EXEC GUI_FILE_SAVE_DIALOG GUI_GET_DESKTOP_INFO GUI_GET_FILE_INFO etc...

Using a variable from a calling program without passing it in parameter Did you ever try to use a variable from another program without passing this variable as a parameter. This is very useful when you CANNOT add the field as a standard parameter. For example, when you want to use a variable in a BADI which is not already passed as a parameter. Another good example is when you create a correction in a function and you want to keep the installation of the OSS note automatic (if you add parameters in a note, the user will have to install the note manually). Here is a short example on how to do this : REPORT zdany_test_var_from_fm. TABLES: spfli. DATA dbcnt TYPE sy-dbcnt. DATA: itab TYPE spfli_tab.

SELECT * FROM spfli INTO TABLE itab UP TO 2 ROWS. dbcnt = sy-dbcnt. CALL FUNCTION 'ZFUNCTION'. FUNCTION zfunction. * We want to use the DBCNT from the program ZDANY_TEST_VAR_FROM_FM DATA: field(50). FIELD-SYMBOLS: <dbcnt>. field = '(ZDANY_TEST_VAR_FROM_FM)dbcnt'. ASSIGN (field) TO <dbcnt>. WRITE <dbcnt>. * We want to use the internal table from the program ZDANY_TEST_VAR_FROM_FM DATA: itab TYPE spfli. FIELD-SYMBOLS: <itab> TYPE spfli_tab. field = '(ZDANY_TEST_VAR_FROM_FM)ITAB[]'. ASSIGN (field) TO <itab>. LOOP AT <itab> INTO itab. WRITE: / itab-carrid, itab-connid. ENDLOOP. ENDFUNCTION List of internal tables while debugging There can be times when you need a list of active internal tables while you are debugging ABAP code. The first method, lets you see which table required a lot of memory 1. While on debug mode follow the menu path GOTO->Display condition->memory use 2. Select tabstrip: Memory use - ranked list The second method provides a very detailed list

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

While in debug mode, choose GOTO->System Areas->internal information A list appears on the debug screen By default the area editbox contains a ? Now enter DSEG in that field. Press Return . You will get a list of all the tables active in that program along with some other attributes. 7. The type and size of the records determine if they are internal tables and how many records there are. You can play around and try the other area than DSEG, some are interesting. Showing a progress bar in ABAP This process is very easy but a lot of programmers don't know how to do it. You just have to call the ABAP FM SAPGUI_PROGRESS_INDICATOR, at the appropriate points. Below is a simple example, give it a try !!
REPORT zdany_progress_bar. DATA: percentage_text TYPE c LENGTH 5. DO 100 TIMES. WAIT UP TO '0.5' SECONDS. percentage_text(3) = sy-index. percentage_text+3 = '%'. CALL FUNCTION 'SAPGUI_PROGRESS_INDICATOR' EXPORTING percentage = sy-index text = percentage_text. ENDDO.

Manipulating Timestamps Actually, we should use time stamp in our abap programs instead of the traditional date and time fields. When we have to do some calculation on a time stamp is not as easy as on a date field. For example, to add an hour to a timestamp, many people will: 1. convert the time stamp into a standard date and field 2. add an hour 3. convert back the date and time to a timestamp However, it is the slowest method you can use.

Instead, use class CL_ABAP_TSTMP. It enables you to make whatever calculation you want on a time stamp. In the following example, 1 hour is added
REPORT zdany_tstamp. DATA : l_tstamp TYPE timestamp, l_tstamp_out TYPE timestamp. GET TIME STAMP FIELD l_tstamp. TRY. CALL METHOD cl_abap_tstmp=>add EXPORTING tstmp = l_tstamp secs = 3600 <<<===--- 1 hour = 3600 seconds RECEIVING r_tstmp = l_tstamp_out. CATCH cx_parameter_invalid_range . WRITE 'invalid range'. EXIT. CATCH cx_parameter_invalid_type . WRITE 'invalid type'. EXIT. ENDTRY. WRITE l_tstamp time zone 'UTC '. SKIP. WRITE l_tstamp_out time zone 'UTC '.

Generating your own standard F4 help To avoid the standard F4 help to be show, insert the event PROCESS ON-VALUEREQUEST request in the program and add a field statement for the field that should trigger the F4 help. In the module called from PROCESS ON-VALUE-REQUEST request, call function module F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST. Example: process before output. ..... process after input. ..... PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST. FIELD sflight-carrid MODULE f4_help_for_carrid. MODULE f4_help_for_carrid INPUT. * NOTE: * Tabname/fieldname is the name of the table and field

* for which F4 should be shown. * * Dynprog/Dynpnr/Dynprofield are the names of the Progran/Dynpro/Field * in which the f4 value should be returned. * * Value: The value of the Dynpro field when calling the F4 help. * You can limit the values shown, by inseting a value in this parameter * e.g 'A*' to show only values beginning with A
CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST' EXPORTING tabname = 'SFLIGHT' fieldname = 'CARRID' * SEARCHHELP = ' ' * SHLPPARAM = ' ' dynpprog = 'ZDANY_F4_OWN_CALL' dynpnr = '0100' dynprofield = 'SFLIGHT-CARRID' * STEPL = 0 value = 'A*' * MULTIPLE_CHOICE = ' ' * DISPLAY = ' ' * SUPPRESS_RECORDLIST = ' ' * CALLBACK_PROGRAM = ' ' * CALLBACK_FORM = ' ' * TABLES * RETURN_TAB = * EXCEPTIONS * FIELD_NOT_FOUND = 1 * NO_HELP_FOR_FIELD = 2 * INCONSISTENT_HELP = 3 * NO_VALUES_FOUND = 4 * OTHERS = 5 . IF sy-subrc <> 0. * MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO * WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4. ENDIF. ENDMODULE. " F4_help_for_carrid INPUT

To control F4 help in a selection screen use the AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUEREQUEST FOR <field> event. Note that for ranges both the low and high value of the field must have there own ON VALUE-REQUEST

Example: AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR s_prctr-low. PERFORM f4_help_carrid. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR s_prctr-high. PERFORM f4_help_carrid. Creating an ALV Grid in 3 lines Did you know that you can create an ALV Grid very fast; you don't need to define a layout, a fieldcatalog, a container and all the other small things we usually define in an ALV Grid. If we don't need to finetune the ALV Grid and just want to display a list on the screen or to the printer, here is a very simple way to proceed:
DATA: l_alv TYPE REF TO cl_gui_alv_grid, lt_sflight TYPE TABLE OF sflight. SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE lt_sflight. * Creation of the ALV object, when we use cl_gui_container=>screen0 as parent, the ALVGrid control will * automatically use the full screen to display the grid, NO CONTAINER DEFINITION IS REQUIRED ! CREATE OBJECT l_alv EXPORTING i_parent = cl_gui_container=>screen0. * calling the display of the grid, the system will automatically create the fieldcatalog based * on the table name you pass in parameter CALL METHOD l_alv->set_table_for_first_display EXPORTING i_structure_name = 'SFLIGHT' CHANGING it_outtab = lt_sflight. * You have to create an EMPTY screen, put NOTHING in the layout and this is going to work CALL SCREEN 100

Instead of creating an empty screen 100, you can also define an empty selection screen in you program and use it, no more screen painter required ! SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 1001. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN 1001. CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 1001. Modifying the F4 standard calendar

When you press F4 on any date field the standard calendar opens in order for you to choose a date. When you do not want the user to choose a weekend day or a holiday, you can do it. Two different type of calendars are defined in SAP, the holiday calendar and the factory calendar. These calendars are defined in the customizing under : SPRO -> General settings -> maintain calendar in this screen, all the default holidays are predefined by country, you can add or delete holiday as you want. I tried to create the Dany's day in ISP but I'm stuck on a small access problem... stupid security ! Because a holiday can be different by country, the factory calendar is stored for each plants, in table T001W, field FABKL. here is a small example on how to call the calendar :
CALL FUNCTION 'F4_DATE' EXPORTING date_for_first_month = '20031208' holiday_calendar_id = 'CA' "<<==-- Here is how you point on a holiday calendar * factory_calendar_id = T001W-FABKL "<<==-- ... or a factory one display = ' ' IMPORTING select_date = select_date EXCEPTIONS OTHERS = 4.

Here is an example of the result, a red square marks each holiday.

Saving an internal table in Microsoft Excel format

While you are debugging your program, you can save the content of an internal table. 1. 2. 3. 4. Display the content of the internal table in the debugger. Then press ctrl-F11 or right-mouse and click "Save As Excel Worksheet". Enter the From-index and To-index for the lines you want to save. Choose folder/filename and save.

Generating a number range automatically If you need a unique key in a table or a sequential number for any other purpose, you can use a range object . Ranges are maintained in transaction SNRO

After maintaining the first screen you have to maintain the intervals by clicking the button "number ranges"

These informations are stored in tables : - TNRO Definition of number range objects - NRIV Number range intervals. Note: Field NRLEVEL Contains the last assigned number. In you program you read the next number by using the function NUMBER_GET_NEXT
DATA l_number TYPE i. CALL FUNCTION 'NUMBER_GET_NEXT' EXPORTING nr_range_nr = '01' object = 'ZTEST' quantity = '1' IMPORTING number = l_number * quantity = ' ' * RETURNCODE = EXCEPTIONS interval_not_found = 1

number_range_not_intern = 2 object_not_found = 3 quantity_is_0 = 4 quantity_is_not_1 = 5 interval_overflow = 6 OTHERS = 7.

display l_number. each time you call NUMBER_GET_RANGE the number is automatically increased. You can also create the number range in your program instead of using SNRO with the functions: NUMBER_RANGE_INTERVAL_LIST : verify if a number range already exist NUMBER_RANGE_ENQUEUE : lock the specifier number range NUMBER_RANGE_INTERVAL_UPDATE : create the number range NUMBER_RANGE_UPDATE_CLOSE : commit changes NUMBER_RANGE_DEQUEUE : unlock Defining a local type dynamically You can now define a local type dynamically. This is only supported in 6.40. Here's how it goes: REPORT ZDANY_DYN_LOCAL_TYPES.
****************** hardcoded "old style" local type ******************* * This is a normal hardcoded local type types : begin of typ_hardcoded, l_count type i, lt_sflight type sflight. types : end of typ_hardcoded. * create a table based on hardcoded type data : lt_hardcoded type table of typ_hardcoded. ****************** dynamic "new wave" local type ******************* types: typ_count type i. field-symbols : <lt_dynamic> type any table. data: dref type ref to data, itab_type type ref to cl_abap_tabledescr, struct_type type ref to cl_abap_structdescr, elem_type type ref to cl_abap_elemdescr, comp_tab type cl_abap_structdescr=>component_table, comp_fld type cl_abap_structdescr=>component.

* We read information about each fields of SFLIGHT (see ABAP FAQ #2) struct_type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( 'SFLIGHT' ).

* We also need the information about the type "typ_count", note that * we should use class cl_abap_elemdescr instead of cl_abap_typedescr elem_type ?= cl_abap_elemdescr=>describe_by_name( 'TYP_COUNT' ). * we read all fleids of SFLIGHT and create a component table comp_tab = struct_type->get_components( ). * We add manually the counter comp_fld-name = 'L_COUNT'. comp_fld-type = elem_type. insert comp_fld into comp_tab index 1. * we create the structure struct_type = cl_abap_structdescr=>create( comp_tab ). * ... and the internal table itab_type = cl_abap_tabledescr=>create( struct_type ). * The new thing here is the "type handle" which create a pointer to a * handle create data dref type handle itab_type. * we finally assign a field symbol to the pointer because we cannot * directly access a pointer. assign dref->* to <lt_dynamic>. * At the end of this small program, internal table lt_hardcoded and * lt_dynamic are the same break-point. Using macros First : DO NOT use macros in a new program, there is a lot of better way to do it.

Some people come to my desk and tell me they found a "magic" function which the code behind is invisible and it's impossible to trace this function. In some old programs, you can see a strange call to what it look like a function but it's not, it's a macro. The macros are stored in table TRMAC. One of the most used macros is "break". To put a break-point in your code that will break only for your user name, you probably use "break my_user_name". This is not part of the ABAP language despite what a lot of people think; it's a macro. If you have a look in table TRMAC, you will see : BREAK 000 * USER specific BREAK-POINT BREAK 001 if sy-uname = '&1' BREAK 002 break-point BREAK 003 endif Here is how to create a simple macro, for the sake of understanding what old programs do. Again, do not create new macros unless you absolutely must. REPORT zdany_macro.
*Macro definition DEFINE ZMULTIPLY. MULTIPLY &1 BY &2. END-OF-DEFINITION. DATA: number1 TYPE i VALUE 2, number2 TYPE i VALUE 5. * calling the macro, no easy way of knowing this is a macro ZMULTIPLY number1 number2. WRITE number1.

Using dynamic SELECT statements The very useful SELECT statement could be fully dynamic from release 6.10 and up. For more information about the dynamic select, you can read the document "Enhanced ABAP programming with Dynamic Open SQL" from Adrian Grler and Ulrich Koch. Here is the link https://webphl07.phl.sap.corp/~sapidb/011000358700002805272003E , this is a PDF file. Here is an example of a fully dynamic select. REPORT zdany_dynamic_select.

* We use some parameters to dynamically control the select, this is not very * clever but this is just a test program !! PARAMETER : p_tabnam TYPE tabname DEFAULT 'SFLIGHT', p_selfl1 TYPE edpline DEFAULT 'CARRID', p_selfl2 TYPE edpline DEFAULT 'CONNID', p_selfl3 TYPE edpline DEFAULT 'FLDATE', p_selfl4 TYPE edpline DEFAULT 'PRICE', p_selfl5 TYPE edpline DEFAULT 'CURRENCY', p_where1 TYPE edpline DEFAULT 'PRICE > 300', p_where2 TYPE edpline DEFAULT 'AND CURRENCY = ''EUR'''. FIELD-SYMBOLS : <lt_outtab> TYPE ANY TABLE, <ls_outtab> TYPE ANY, <l_fld> TYPE ANY. DATA: lt_where lt_sel_list lt_group l_having l_wa_name l_sel_list dref itab_type struct_type elem_type comp_tab comp_fld TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE TABLE OF edpline, TABLE OF edpline, TABLE OF edpline, string, string, edpline, REF TO data, REF TO cl_abap_tabledescr, REF TO cl_abap_structdescr, REF TO cl_abap_elemdescr, cl_abap_structdescr=>component_table, cl_abap_structdescr=>component.

TYPES: f_count TYPE i. * Creation of the output table including a non standard field, f_count * see ABAP FAQ #14 for more information on this topic struct_type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( p_tabnam ). elem_type ?= cl_abap_elemdescr=>describe_by_name( 'F_COUNT' ). comp_tab = struct_type->get_components( ). * We remove the unnecessary fields LOOP AT comp_tab INTO comp_fld. IF comp_fld-name <> p_selfl1 AND comp_fld-name <> p_selfl2 AND comp_fld-name <> p_selfl3 AND comp_fld-name <> p_selfl4 AND comp_fld-name <> p_selfl5. DELETE TABLE comp_tab WITH TABLE KEY name = comp_fld-name. ENDIF. ENDLOOP. comp_fld-name = 'F_COUNT'. comp_fld-type = elem_type. APPEND comp_fld TO comp_tab. struct_type = cl_abap_structdescr=>create( comp_tab ). itab_type = cl_abap_tabledescr=>create( struct_type ). l_wa_name = 'l_WA'. CREATE DATA dref TYPE HANDLE itab_type. ASSIGN dref->* TO <lt_outtab>. CREATE DATA dref TYPE HANDLE struct_type. ASSIGN dref->* TO <ls_outtab>.

* Creation of the selection fields and the "group by" clause APPEND p_selfl1 TO lt_sel_list. APPEND p_selfl1 TO lt_group. APPEND p_selfl2 TO lt_sel_list. APPEND p_selfl2 TO lt_group. APPEND p_selfl3 TO lt_sel_list. APPEND p_selfl3 TO lt_group. APPEND p_selfl4 TO lt_sel_list. APPEND p_selfl4 TO lt_group. APPEND p_selfl5 TO lt_sel_list. APPEND p_selfl5 TO lt_group. APPEND 'COUNT(*) AS F_COUNT' TO lt_sel_list. * creation of the "where" clause APPEND p_where1 TO lt_where. APPEND p_where2 TO lt_where. * Creation of the "having" clause l_having = 'count(*) >= 1'. * THE dynamic select SELECT (lt_sel_list) FROM (p_tabnam) INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE <lt_outtab> WHERE (lt_where) GROUP BY (lt_group) HAVING (l_having) ORDER BY (lt_group). * display of the results LOOP AT <lt_outtab> ASSIGNING <ls_outtab>. LOOP AT comp_tab INTO comp_fld. ASSIGN COMPONENT comp_fld-name OF STRUCTURE <ls_outtab> TO <l_fld>. WRITE: <l_fld>. ENDLOOP. SKIP. ENDLOOP.

Using JavaScript in ABAP You can code JavaScript directly in your ABAP code. If you want to do some JavaScript tests in ABAP there is a good program to use : DEMO_JAVA_SCRIPT_MINI_EDITOR. When you run this program, you can code your Java in an ABAP editor, compile and execute it to test the result. Nowe, here is a small example on how to insert JavaScript in ABAP:
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZDANY_JAVASCRIPT_TEST *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT ZDANY_JAVASCRIPT_TEST. data: l_JS_PROCESSOR type ref to CL_JAVA_SCRIPT, l_RETURN_VALUE type STRING, l_SOURCE type STRING. * Creation of a new javaScript l_JS_PROCESSOR = CL_JAVA_SCRIPT=>CREATE( ).

* this is the Javascript code concatenate 'var l_source = "Hello World,"; ' 'l_source += " I''m"; ' 'l_source += " JavaScript!"; ' 'l_source; ' into l_SOURCE separated by CL_ABAP_CHAR_UTILITIES=>CR_LF. * we compile the JavaScript code l_JS_PROCESSOR->COMPILE( SCRIPT_NAME = 'DANYTEST.JS' SCRIPT = L_SOURCE ). * Any syntax error ? if l_JS_PROCESSOR->LAST_CONDITION_CODE <> 0. write: / 'Error in COMPILE', l_JS_PROCESSOR->LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE. exit. else. write / 'JavaScript was compiled'. endif. * Let's go and run the script l_JS_PROCESSOR->EXECUTE( SCRIPT_NAME = 'DANYTEST.JS' ). * Any problem during execution ? if l_JS_PROCESSOR->LAST_CONDITION_CODE <> 0. write: / 'Error in EXECUTE',l_JS_PROCESSOR->LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE. exit. else. write / 'JavaScript was executed'. endif. * we read the output variable l_RETURN_VALUE = l_JS_PROCESSOR->EVALUATE( JAVA_SCRIPT = 'l_source;' ). write : / l_RETURN_VALUE.

Saving an internal table in Microsoft Excel format You can compare the source code of a program / method / function from different systems with transaction SE39. This is very useful if you want to be sure that your transport was successful or to see whether the same version runs on both machines. 1. 2. 3. 4. Start SE39 Choose Compare different systems Enter both program names and the RFC destination of the remote program Choose Display

Here is an example of the result, note that the system show difference in blue

You can also compare table content :

Start transaction OY19 Choose Manual selection Enter the name of the table that you want to compare Choose Execute

For results such as these:

Saving an internal table in Microsoft Excel format You can use standard program RPR_ABAP_SOURCE_SCAN to search ABAP program code/screen logic for specific texts (strings.) This program offers many more options than programs RSRSCAN1 or RKCTSEAR. The benefits of using this program are as follows:

Several texts can be entered for which the system searches. The search text should be entered without formatting characters(*,+). Only the texts are applied in the search, i.e. selection option conditions such as greater than, equal to, etc., are ignored You can restrict the search to either the program code or the flow logic of the selected screens or both the program code and the flow logic of the screens. You can set the option to ignore the comments for search. Found location +/- x lines: Here we can specify how many program lines before and after the found location of the search string should be included in the output. We can also specify the option to search in all the includes used in the specified programs.

Managing persistent objects with object services There is a way to avoid building a fully object-oriented program while still working with non-object-oriented relational database. The object services layer now provides a persistence framework that closes the object-relational gap. You no longer need to write SQL code as objects are transparently loaded from the database when needed. You must create a persistent class. Choose transaction SE24 and create a persistent class; this class must be protected.

In the class builder, a new button is added in the main toolbar - "Persistence" - press it : in the next screen, you just have to map which fields you need in your persistent class

After having saved the previous screen, you will notice that the system creates a set/get method for each field that you selected.

Activate the whole class. Now that we have a persistent object to access the database table SFLIGHT, we must access it in a program. Here is a small example to read/write data into SFLIGHT using persistent objects.

REPORT zdany_sflight_persistent. DATA : l_flight l_flight_agent l_seatsfree l_seatsocc TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE REF TO zcl_dany_sflight, REF TO zca_dany_sflight, i, i.

* Reference to the class agent, ALWAYS required for any operation l_flight_agent = zca_dany_sflight=>agent. TRY. *We read a record from SFLIGHT using a unique key l_flight = l_flight_agent->get_persistent( i_carrid = 'LH' i_connid = '0400' i_fldate = '20031030' ). *We read a specific field l_seatsfree = l_flight->get_seatsmax( ) - l_flight->get_seatsocc( ). IF l_seatsfree > 0. l_seatsocc = l_flight->get_seatsocc( ) + 1. * We write back a specific field into the DB l_flight->set_seatsocc( l_seatsocc ). ENDIF. ENDTRY. COMMIT WORK.

There are lots of other methods and techniques that you can use in persistent classes. Contact Dany Charbonneau for more info. Debugging ABAP programs from JAVA applications You can do ABAP debugging from java applications here is how : 1. Check whether your user has debugging authority. Auth. object S_DEVELOP has to contain 'DEBUG' o Use su01; ROLES o Double click the different roles -> o new session will open o Choose Authorizations -> Display Authorization Data 2. go to the ABAP coding 3. go to the menu Utilities -> Settings / choose tab "ABAP editor " / choose tab "Debugging" check the chek - box "Actv." in the User field enter the user used in the Java logon (not the alias of the user!! e.g. for BRUNO enter "3B1968D7DD1") 4. Press enter or choose OK to get back to your source code 5. If you set your next break-point a pop-up will occur to ask you if you want to set an external break-point or a session break-point --> click external break-point (= former HTTP break-point) --> if you run you Java application now and the coding with the break-point is called a new R/3 (CRM) window will open and you will see you code in debug mode (may take some seconds) Defining a default variant

There are 2 different ways to define a default variant. Method 1 - By assigning a variant directly on the transaction code. This is the easiest way but if the program was called from another program or directly from SE38, the default variant will be ignored. Method 2 - By assigning a variant in the code, here is a short example of this:
* The code must be in the INITIALIZATION section INITIALIZATION. * We must check if a default variant was already entered by the user in a batch job or in the transaction code * we do not want to overwrite it ! the current variant is store in the syslset field IF sy-slset IS INITIAL. CALL FUNCTION 'RS_SUPPORT_SELECTIONS' EXPORTING report = sy-cprog "actual program name variant = 'SAPDEFAULT' "default variant name EXCEPTIONS variant_not_existent = 0 variant_obsolete = 0 OTHERS = 0. ENDIF. * After the initialization we start the real code of our program in the section START-OF-SELECTION START-OF-SELECTION. Here is how to create a the variant "SAPDEFAULT" always using as a default date today minus 30 days: Goto -> variant -> save as variant

Here is the standard variant save screen. Enter a name and a description and press "execute". Very few know how to handle the weird looking bottom part of this screen:

1. Check the variables for which you want to maintain default values 2. Choose selection variables button and see the next one

The first part is a legend of the column headers (T D B Z). Because we want to create a date, we double click on the traffic lights of the column "D" for Dynamic date calculation. when the traffic light turn green, you can press on the down arrow in the "T" column. This will bring a popup with all possibilities you can imagine for defaulting a date. From a usability point of view, this is not really good screens but nevertheless, this tool is very powerful. Creating Activable Breakpoints and Assertions You can now create (de)activable breakpoints in your programs. You can release these breakpoints in production and a customer will have the opportunity to activate and debug your code more easily. The following is an activable break-point : BREAK-POINT ID dany. The checkpoint group is defined by double clicking on the checkpoint group in the editor OR directly via transaction SAAB.

Below is the SAAB screen. In the breakpoints part of the screen, you can set it to "inactive" or "break". All breakpoint groups will be shipped inactive by default.

Assert : An assertion is a condition which must be true during program execution. By using asserts in your program, you can find cause of error in shorter time. The reaction when violating an assertion depend on a customizing and could be : 1. 2. 3. 4. Start the debugger from this assert Do nothing, ignore the assert Log the assertion in a log Terminate the program with runtime error ASSERTION_FAILED

The assertions are defined in SAAB (exactly like the breakpoints, see screen above).Here is an example of a use for an assertion :
METHOD sort_by_name. DATA: l_f1 TYPE i VALUE 2, l_f2 TYPE c LENGTH 10 VALUE 'test', l_t1 TYPE TABLE OF sflight. the_sorting_algorithm. ASSERT ID SUBKEY FIELDS dany 'danysub1' l_f1 l_f2 l_t1

CONDITION itab->is_sorted_by_name( ) <> ' '. ENDMETHOD.

This will ensure that the table is sorted. Below is the result of the log for this assert

Using Shared Objects Shared objecta are SAP's answer to an age-old request by programmers. Up until now, the only way to share variables between programs was to use EXPORT/IMPORT TO/FROM MEMORY. This method was very slow because the "sending" program had to copy variables from its memory to the shared memory, and the "receiving" program had to copy these variables from the shared memory into its own program memory. This generated two copies for basically nothing. Here are the benefits of shared objects: 1. Copy-free: very fast access 2. Versioning management: you can handle many version of the variables at the same time 3. Preloading: you can now request a specific variable no matter if the "sending" program already created them 4. Automatic propagation from a database or to different application servers 5. Could be client dependant 6. Easy monitoring

Here is a very simple example but you can do very powerful shared object, see documentation for more information. Step 1 : You have to define a Root class using SE24, In this class you will defined all variables you want to share in the attributes tab, This class must be "Shared memory enabled" :

Step 2 : You have to define your shared memory object using the transaction SHMA. It is important to put the class you created in step 1 in the field "root class".

Step 3 : You have to write a program to write to the shared memory.

DATA : hdl TYPE REF TO zcl_sm_area, root TYPE REF TO zcl_root_area. * Create the default instance for write, * when we attach for write, an exclusive lock is performed on the shared memory object hdl = zcl_sm_area=>attach_for_write( ). *when we create our root object to access variables, we must use the new keyword addition AREA HANDLE CREATE OBJECT root AREA HANDLE hdl. * Create the link between the root object and the shared memory object hdl->set_root( root ). * put data in the shared memory variable root->big_var = 'hello world!'. * commit hdl->detach_commit( ).

Step 4 : You have to create a program to read from the shared memory
DATA : hdl TYPE REF TO zcl_sm_area. * Open default instance for read hdl = zcl_sm_area=>attach_for_read( ). *Access root object component to write the variable

WRITE / hdl->root->big_var. *Release lock hdl->detach( ).

Step 5: You can monitor the result in transaction SHMM Defining dynamic orders in an ABAP sort You can easily define dynamic fields in an ABAP sort using ( ) : data : l_fieldname type dd03l-fieldname value 'CARRID'. SORT sflight by (l_fieldname) DESCENDING. BUT you CANNOT define the order (ascending or descending) dynamically : SORT sflight by (l_fieldname) (l_order). <<==-- This is impossible in ABAP. Now, with the new tree control, when you want to give fully customizable tree, ou need to dynamically set the order in the sort command. The first method is by using a CREATE SUBROUTINE POOL with your sort. Each time you will run the program, this subroutine will be recompiled. This is VERY slow and we should avoid using this command whenever it's possible. The second method is a simple trick that have no major impact on performance. You duplicate each fields you want to sort, 1 copy for ascending and 1 for descending. You move the fieldname only in 1 of those fields depending on what order you want. Here is a small example on how to do that:
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZDANY_DYN_SORT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT z_dany_dyn_sort. * s_field* - field name for sorting ( F1,F2,F3,F4,F5 or space ) * s_ord* - ASC or DES ( ascending or descending) PARAMETERS: s_field1(6) s_field2(6) s_field3(6) s_field4(6) s_field5(6) DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT 'FIELD1', 'FIELD2', 'FIELD3', 'FIELD4', 'FIELD5', s_ord1(3) s_ord2(3) s_ord3(3) s_ord4(3) s_ord5(3) DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT 'ASC', 'DES', 'ASC', 'DES', 'ASC'.

TYPES: BEGIN OF ltt_fields, field1(6), field2(6), field3(6), field4(6), field5(6), END OF ltt_fields. DATA: l_field_asc1(6), l_field_asc2(6), l_field_asc3(6),

l_field_asc4(6), l_field_asc5(6), l_field_des1(6), l_field_des2(6), l_field_des3(6), l_field_des4(6), l_field_des5(6), lt_fields TYPE TABLE OF ltt_fields, ls_fields TYPE ltt_fields, l_flag_invalid_field, l_flag_not_asc_des. FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs> TYPE ANY. INITIALIZATION. * Just to fill an internal tables for testing DO 3 TIMES. ls_fields-field1 = sy-index. DO 3 TIMES. ls_fields-field2 = sy-index. DO 3 TIMES. ls_fields-field3 = sy-index. DO 3 TIMES. ls_fields-field4 = sy-index. DO 3 TIMES. ls_fields-field5 = sy-index. APPEND ls_fields TO lt_fields. ENDDO. ENDDO. ENDDO. ENDDO. ENDDO. START-OF-SELECTION. * The order must be "ASC" l_flag_not_asc_des = 'X'. CHECK ( s_ord1 = 'ASC' OR ( s_ord2 = 'ASC' OR ( s_ord3 = 'ASC' OR ( s_ord4 = 'ASC' OR ( s_ord5 = 'ASC' OR CLEAR l_flag_not_asc_des. or "DES" or space, any other value is rejected s_ord1 s_ord2 s_ord3 s_ord4 s_ord5 = = = = = 'DES' 'DES' 'DES' 'DES' 'DES' OR OR OR OR OR s_ord1 s_ord2 s_ord3 s_ord4 s_ord5 IS IS IS IS IS INITIAL INITIAL INITIAL INITIAL INITIAL ) AND ) AND ) AND ) AND ).

* the field name must be = "FIELD1, 2, rejected l_flag_invalid_field = 'X'. CHECK 'FIELD1FIELD2FIELD3FIELD4FIELD5' 'FIELD1FIELD2FIELD3FIELD4FIELD5' 'FIELD1FIELD2FIELD3FIELD4FIELD5' 'FIELD1FIELD2FIELD3FIELD4FIELD5' 'FIELD1FIELD2FIELD3FIELD4FIELD5' CLEAR l_flag_invalid_field.

3, 4 or 5", any other value is CS CS CS CS CS s_field1 AND s_field2 AND s_field3 AND s_field4 AND s_field5.

* for a certain field, if the user ask descending order, the name of this field is * moved in l_field_des1 AND it's important that l_field_asc1 remain empty. IF s_field1 IS NOT INITIAL. IF s_ord1 = 'ASC'.

l_field_asc1 = s_field1. ELSE. l_field_des1 = s_field1. ENDIF. ENDIF. IF s_field2 IS NOT INITIAL. IF s_ord2 = 'ASC'. l_field_asc2 = s_field2. ELSE. l_field_des2 = s_field2. ENDIF. ENDIF. IF s_field3 IS NOT INITIAL. IF s_ord3 = 'ASC'. l_field_asc3 = s_field3. ELSE. l_field_des3 = s_field3. ENDIF. ENDIF. IF s_field4 IS NOT INITIAL. IF s_ord4 = 'ASC'. l_field_asc4 = s_field4. ELSE. l_field_des4 = s_field4. ENDIF. ENDIF. IF s_field5 IS NOT INITIAL. IF s_ord5 = 'ASC'. l_field_asc5 = s_field5. ELSE. l_field_des5 = s_field5. ENDIF. ENDIF. * EACH field is used twice in the sort with different name for ascending and descending. 1 of the * 2 fields will be empty and the sort will ignore it. SORT lt_fields BY (l_field_asc1) ASCENDING (l_field_des1) DESCENDING (l_field_asc2) ASCENDING (l_field_des2) DESCENDING (l_field_asc3) ASCENDING (l_field_des3) DESCENDING (l_field_asc4) ASCENDING (l_field_des4) DESCENDING (l_field_asc5) ASCENDING (l_field_des5) DESCENDING. * Display the results EDITOR-CALL FOR lt_fields. END-OF-SELECTION. * if parameters was not entered correctly IF l_flag_not_asc_des = 'X'. WRITE: / 'Only ASC for ascending or DES for DESCENDING are allowed for fields S_ORDn'. ELSEIF l_flag_invalid_field = 'X'. WRITE: / 'S_FIELDn must be = FIELD1, FIELD2, FIELD3, FIELD4 or FIELD5.'. ENDIF.

Inserting charts It's a known fact that customers are very sensitive to the appeal of charts. Creating graphical charts (bar, pie char, lines graphs) in ABAP is simple. There are two main methods for creating charts in ABAP

Using the class CL_GFW Using the function module GFW_PRES_SHOW

There are also other classes and function modules derived from these ones. Use transaction GRAL to explore all possibilities provided by this class and this FM. The following are two short examples of the huge potential of function module GFW_PRES_SHOW :
* Contain the constants for the graph type TYPE-POOLS: GFW. DATA: VALUES TYPE TABLE OF GPRVAL WITH HEADER LINE, COLUMN_TEXTS TYPE TABLE OF GPRTXT WITH HEADER LINE. REFRESH VALUES. REFRESH COLUMN_TEXTS. VALUES-ROWTXT = 'Salary'. VALUES-VAL1 = 50000. VALUES-VAL2 = 51000. APPEND VALUES. VALUES-ROWTXT = 'Life cost'. VALUES-VAL1 = 49000. VALUES-VAL2 = 51200. APPEND VALUES. COLUMN_TEXTS-COLTXT = '2003'. APPEND COLUMN_TEXTS. COLUMN_TEXTS-COLTXT = '2004'. APPEND COLUMN_TEXTS. * Call a chart into a standard container, this function could be used for many * different graphic types depending on the presentation_type field : * gfw_prestype_lines * gfw_prestype_area * gfw_prestype_horizontal_bars * gfw_prestype_pie_chart * gfw_prestype_vertical_bars * gfw_prestype_time_axis CALL FUNCTION 'GFW_PRES_SHOW' EXPORTING CONTAINER = 'CONTAINER' "A screen with an empty container must be defined PRESENTATION_TYPE = GFW_PRESTYPE_LINES TABLES VALUES = VALUES COLUMN_TEXTS = COLUMN_TEXTS

EXCEPTIONS ERROR_OCCURRED OTHERS

= 1 = 2.

Resulting in this:

The following uses the EXACT same function with a different presentation type
REFRESH VALUES. REFRESH COLUMN_TEXTS. VALUES-ROWTXT = ''. VALUES-VAL1 = 10. VALUES-VAL2 = 35. VALUES-VAL3 = 45. VALUES-VAL4 = 8.sul VALUES-VAL5 = 2. APPEND VALUES. COLUMN_TEXTS-COLTXT = APPEND COLUMN_TEXTS. COLUMN_TEXTS-COLTXT = APPEND COLUMN_TEXTS. COLUMN_TEXTS-COLTXT = APPEND COLUMN_TEXTS. COLUMN_TEXTS-COLTXT = APPEND COLUMN_TEXTS. COLUMN_TEXTS-COLTXT = APPEND COLUMN_TEXTS. 'Fun'. 'Cars'. 'House'. 'Services'. 'Others'.

CALL FUNCTION 'GFW_PRES_SHOW' EXPORTING CONTAINER = 'CONTAINER' PRESENTATION_TYPE = GFW_PRESTYPE_PIE_CHART X_AXIS_TITLE = 'Expenses' Y_AXIS_TITLE = 'Expenses2' TABLES

VALUES COLUMN_TEXTS EXCEPTIONS ERROR_OCCURRED OTHERS

= VALUES = COLUMN_TEXTS = 1 = 2

Knowing when to use SELECT SINGLE or SELECT ... UP TO 1 ROWS A lot of people use the SELECT SINGLE statement to check for the existence of a value in a database. Other people prefer to use the 'UP TO 1 ROWS' variant of the SELECT statement. So what's the difference between using 'SELECT SINGLE' statement as against a 'SELECT .... UP TO 1 ROWS' statement ? If you're considering the statements SELECT SINGLE field INTO w_field FROM table. and SELECT field INTO w_field FROM table UP TO 1 ROWS. ENDSELECT. then looking at the result, not much apart from the extra ENDSELECT statement. Look at the run time and memory usage and they may be worlds apart. Why is this ?? The answer is simple. The 'SELECT SINGLE' statement selects the first row in the database that it finds that fulfils the 'WHERE' clause If this results in multiple records then only the first one will be returned and therefore may not be unique. The 'SELECT .... UP TO 1 ROWS' statement is subtly different. The database selects all of the relevant records that are defined by the WHERE clause, applies any aggregate, ordering or grouping functions to them and then returns the first record of the result set.

Get the difference ?? If not, here is a good example, credit for this example goes to Richard Harper, a friend of mine on sapfans.com : Create a Ztable called ZDifference with 2 fields in it, MANDT of type MANDT and POSNR of type POSNR. Make sure both of these are keys. Also create a table maintenance dialog for it (SE11->Utilities->Table Maintenance Generator). Fill the table with ten rows 000001000010. Then run the program shown below:
Code: ****************************************************************** * * Program: Z_Difference * * Purpose: A program that demonstrates the difference * between SELECT SINGLE and SELECT UP TO n ROWS. * * This program requires the data table Z_DIFFERENCE * to have been created according to the structure * outlined in the text above and populated with * at least 10 records. * * Creation Date: 21/04/2004 * * Requested By: * * Reference Doc: * * Author: R Harper * * Modification History: * * Date Reason Transport Who * ****************************************************************** Report Z_Difference Message-id 38 Line-Size 80 Line-Count 0 No Standard Page Heading. * Start-Of-Selection. Data: w_Single type Posnr, t_Rows type standard table of Posnr initial size 0 with header line. * Select single Posnr from zDifference into w_Single. * Select Posnr into table t_Rows from zDifference

up to 1 rows order by Posnr descending. * Write :/ 'Select single:', w_Single. Skip 1. Write :/ 'Up to 1 rows :'. Loop at t_Rows. Write t_Rows. EndLoop.

You should see the output: Select single: 000001 Up to 1 rows : 000010 The first 'SELECT' statement selected the first record in the database according to any selection criterion in the 'WHERE' clause. This is what a 'SELECT SINGLE' does. The second 'SELECT' has asked the database to reverse the order of the records before returning the first row of the result. In order to be able to do this the database has read the entire table, sort it and then return the first record. If there was no ORDER BY clause then the results would have been identical (ie both '000001') but the second select if given a big enough table to look at would be far slower. Note that this causes a problem in the Extended Program Check if the full key is not specified in a 'SELECT SINGLE'. Replacing the 'SELECT SINGLE' by an "UP TO 1 ROWS" will give the same exact results without any warning but the program will run slower and consume more memory. This is a good example of a warning that we should ignore... considering you are sure of what you are doing !! Working around the limitations of a range in SELECT...WHERE...IN When you use a range table in a select (SELECT * FROM sflight WHERE carrid IN lt_carrid), you sometimes get a short dump with the error DBIF_RSQL_INVALID_RSQL. A lot of people think that a maximum number of records was reached; rumour has it that it's somewhere between 1000 and 2000 records. This is false and groundless. In fact, the problem is that the "IN" keyword is not native SQL and the compiler converts it into native SQL. There is a limitation on the length of the generated SQL string. Here is a small example of a program to create a short dump :
DATA : lt_range TYPE RANGE OF sflight-carrid WITH HEADER LINE, lt_sflight TYPE TABLE OF sflight. DO 5000 TIMES. lt_range-sign = 'I'. lt_range-option = 'EQ'. lt_range-low = 'AA'. APPEND lt_range. ENDDO.

SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE lt_sflight WHERE carrid IN lt_range. The compiler convert the SELECT in native SQL like that : ... WHERE carrid = lt_range[1]-low OR lt_range[2]-low OR lt_range[3]-low OR .... lt_range[5000]-low.

The short dump occur when the generated SQL caracter string is over a certain threshold. This threshold is variable, could be between 2k and 32k (usually 4k or 8k) depending on the DB system. The threshold is stored in dbs/io_buf_size and could NOT be change by programmers because this is maintained on DB level (oracle, DB2, etc...) by IT. There are two ways to avoid this problem : 1. Create some small packages (500 records) and call the SELECT within a loop with APPENDING TABLE keyword 2. Usually the best way to do it is using a SELECT... FOR ALL ENTRIES IN... instead. Calling function modules dynamically When you only know the function name to call at run-time, you have to call your function dynamically. Here is an example of how to call a function dynamically (note: comments were added to an existing example from the standard help) REPORT ZDANY_DYN_FM_CALL. *The constants and structures required to use the dynamic function call *is stored in the type pool ABAP. type-pools abap. *This is the name of the function you want to call. data NAME type STRING value `READ_SPFLI_INTO_TABLE`. * Parameter table, where you store all parameters, importing, exporting * and changing data PARA_TAB type ABAP_FUNC_PARMBIND_TAB. data PARA_LINE like line of PARA_TAB. * Exception table to handle the exception that can occur during the * execution of the function data EXCP_TAB type ABAP_FUNC_EXCPBIND_TAB. data EXCP_LINE like line of EXCP_TAB.

data CARRIER type SPFLI-CARRID. data JTAB type SPFLI_TAB. CARRIER = 'XYZ'. * Name of the first parameter PARA_LINE-NAME = 'ID'. * type of the first parameter, could be : * abap_func_exporting value 10, * abap_func_importing value 20, * abap_func_tables value 30, * abap_func_changing value 40. PARA_LINE-KIND = ABAP_FUNC_EXPORTING. *We need the datatype of the parameter to pass get reference of CARRIER into PARA_LINE-VALUE. append PARA_LINE to PARA_TAB. *Same thing for parameter 2 PARA_LINE-NAME = 'ITAB'. PARA_LINE-KIND = ABAP_FUNC_IMPORTING. get reference of JTAB into PARA_LINE-VALUE. append PARA_LINE to PARA_TAB. *Now we create the possible exceptions EXCP_LINE-NAME = 'NOT_FOUND'. EXCP_LINE-VALUE = 1. insert EXCP_LINE into table EXCP_TAB. EXCP_LINE-NAME = 'OTHERS'. EXCP_LINE-VALUE = 4.

insert EXCP_LINE into table EXCP_TAB. *... and we dynamically call the function with the parameter-table and * exception-table addition
call function NAME parameter-table PARA_TAB exception-table EXCP_TAB. * We check the result code case SY-SUBRC. when 1. message id SY-MSGID type SY-MSGTY number SY-MSGNO. when 2. message E888(SABAPDOCU) with 'Error in function module'. endcase.

Downloading ABAP code to your local PC Creating Z* test programs is a popular method for conducting tests. However, when an environment is about to get shut down, keeping your test programs becomes tricky. You have to launch se38/37/24/80, select your programs one by one, and choose system -> list -> save > local file, or use function module WS_DOWNLOAD. This is a lengthy procedure that does not even enable you to save screens, tables, or structures. An ABAP program available for free download at http://www.dalestech.com/ can help you save your test programs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Choose home -> R/3 entreprise -> direct download entreprise 1.2 download the .ZIP file, Unzip Cut and paste in an ABAP program Compile and run

All your projects (including multiple classes, programs, function groups, screens and tables) can be saved in less than one minute. If you want to backup your work in order to keep a certain stable version while you are programming, it might be preferable use a tool that is already embedded in the Workbench: in se38/37/24/80, choose utilities -> versions -> generate version