Subject: Grade:

Chemistry 10

Type of Lesson: CSEC OBJ:

Laboratory Activity. Students should be able to investigate the reaction of non-oxidising acids with carbonates. Acids, Bases and Salts. Reaction of acids and carbonates/hydrogencarbonates 9

Term: Duration:

2 80 minutes

UNIT: Lesson 27: Week:

Objectives As a result of this lesson, you will be able to: 1) Investigate the reaction of acids with carbonates 2) Investigate the reaction of acids with hydrogen carbonates 3) Write balanced equations for these reactions

Prerequisite Student Knowledge You should be familiar with: 1) The concept of an acid as a proton donor. 2) The concept of a salt as the substance formed when an acid reacts with a base, acid or carbonate.

Important Points Important points in this lesson: 1) The names of the salts formed are derived from the metallic portion of the carbonate or hydrogen carbonate and the negative ion of the acid. 2) When a reaction involves fizzing or effervescence, a gas has been evolved. 3) Carbon dioxide can be identified by bubbling the gas through a solution of calcium hydroxide (lime water). A white precipitate will be formed.

Student Instructional Material

Key Terms Carbon dioxide

carbonate

Hydrogen carbonate

Challenge Areas Hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid are both acidic, however they have different pH values. a) Describe how you would determine the pH value of each. b) Explain fully the reason for their different pH values.

Equipment/Material Needed: A rack of test tubes, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, zinc carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, nitric acid, copper carbonate.

Note to Student Observe each reaction carefully and record your observations.

Student Instructional Material

Introduction 1) Introductory Activity a. Among the properties of an acid are its reactions with: i. carbonates to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide ii. hydrogen carbonates to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide. b. Carbon dioxide can be identified by holding the test tube with the gas close and at an angle to the test tube with the lime water. A white precipitate will indicate the presence of the gas. The collection of the gas will be demonstrated by your teacher.

Click on the links below to view a video clip on the reaction of a carbonate with and acid http://www.dvaction.org/mediaplayback.php?id=218 http://msquek.blogspot.com/2008/01/acid-carbonate-reaction.html

Student Instructional Material

Body of Lesson 1) Practical: Investigating the reaction of acids with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates a. Procedure: i. Place 3 clean test tubes in the rack. ii. Place a spatula full of zinc carbonate in each test tube. iii. Cover the zinc carbonate in each test tube with a different acid. iv. Record observations below. v. Repeat the experiment using copper carbonate. vi. Repeat the experiment using sodium hydrogen carbonate. b. Write balanced equations for each of the reactions above. c. What are the common names for the products formed when either a carbonate or a hydrogen carbonate reacts with an acid?

Closure In-Class Assignments 1) Tabulate your results and complete the questions at the end of the activity.

Out-of-Class Assignment 1) Bath salts contain sodium carbonate. Explain why they fizz when you put vinegar on them. 2) Write balanced equations for the reaction of dilute sulphuric acid with sodium carbonate, aluminium carbonate, calcium carbonate.

Supplemental Glossary of Terms Acid Effervescence Carbonates A proton donor Formation of bubbles or fizz Chemical substances that react with an acid to produce carbon dioxide A chemical substance containing hydrogen that 4

Hydrogen

Student Instructional Material

carbonate

releases carbon dioxide when reacted with an acid.

CSEC Questions 1) Write a balanced equation to represent the reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.

2) Temporary hardness in water is caused by the presence of the hydrogen carbonates of calcium and magnesium dissolved in water. This causes a white compound to block the holes in the shower hoses. The following is a household tip is a suggestion for dealing with this problem: Soak the shower hose in vinegar overnight. Explain why this suggestion should work. Include a balanced equation. (1997)

3) Hydrogen chloride gas can dissolve in water to from a solution. What would you observe if some sodium carbonate were placed in the solution? (1997)

Student Instructional Material

Recommended Materials Select this text, delete and start typing the instructional materials available to help teacher and student e.g. Internet-based materials

Bibliography Ferguson & Hart: CXC Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 1994 Gallagher & Ingram: Complete Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 1997 Tindale Anne: Chemistry A Concise Revision Course for CXC, Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd., 1998 http://www.dvaction.org/mediaplayback.php?id=218 http://msquek.blogspot.com/2008/01/acid-carbonate-reaction.html

Student Instructional Material