QTLs Detection for Growth

and Initial Latex Production

in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)

Ratchanee Rattanawong1, Kanlaya Prapan1, Napawan Lekawipat1,

Kannikar Teerawattanasuk1, Poonpipope Kasemsap2,
Marc Seguin3, and Andre Clement-Demange3

1Rubber Research Institute of Thailand, Department of Agriculture, Thailand.

2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University,

Bangkok, Thailand.
3CIRAD, UMR 1096-DAP (Development and Plant Improvement) France.
Genmap trial at 6-year old

Crrc (Rrit-Doa)
Sanam Chai Khet
Thailand
 Genmap family

Hand pollination and seedling nursery > 600 progenies in 2000

DNA extraction 365 progenies at CRRC in 2001

10 microsatelllite markers at CIRAD in 2001

334 progenies

genetic linkage map

Field trial at CRRC in 2002

196 progenies + 2 Parents
 Genetic mapping at CIRAD from
2002 to 2005
229 microsatellite markers and 198 AFLP markers
334 progenies + 2 Parents

Software JoinMap 3.0 (CP)

Parental and Consensus Maps

18 linkage groups = 18 chromosomes

2 files : mapping information + phenotypic information

detection of QTL (Software MapQTL5)

RRIM600 x PB217 Consensus map
 RRIM600xPB217: Consensus map
Different types of segregations of the marker
Cross Classes Ratio
ab x cd ac ad bc bd 1:1:1:1

ef x eg ee eg ef fg 1:1:1:1

hk x hk hh hk kk 1:2:1

lm x ll ll ml 1:1

nn x np nn np 1:1
 Genetic markers and QTL detection

Genotyping

Statistical test
for comparing
Phenotyping the 4 groups

If the test found significant

QTL in the neighbourhood

Averages of
of locus L
the 4 groups
Latex diagnostic and metabolic typology
of the clone
 Experimental Design

Alpha-plan (incomplete block design)

1. Genmap trial 2. one block
4 blocks = 4 complete replications 25 sub-blocks

Block 4

Block 3

Block 2
T T T T

Block 1 3. One sub-block 4. one plot

4 budded trees
8 plots = 8 entries
 Data Collection

1. Girth measurement 2. Latex yield

3. Latex diagnostic (LD) 4. Pluggin index (PI)

Results
Heritabilities
Variables h2l
Growth Girth (6-y old), G71 0.42
Production Pcum 0.75
Latex DRC 0.54
Diagnostic Suc 0.44
Pi 0.59
Rsh 0.30
Plugging W1 0.45
Index W2 0.50
WT 0.48
Pind 0.57
 Genetic correlations as shown from
Principal Component Analysis

Variables (axes F1 et F2 : 64 %)

1.5

1
W1
Girth
F1 F2 F3 F4
0.5 Girth -0.15 0.77 -0.26 0.36
Drc W2 Drc -0.74 0.34 -0.06 0.13
P I% P ro d Suc -0.56 0.10 0.53 -0.42
Suc Rsh Pi 0.87 -0.03 0.12 -0.15
0 Pi Rsh 0.09 0.09 0.88 0.43
Prod 0.92 0.19 0.04 -0.10
W1 0.12 0.88 0.10 -0.31
-0.5 W2 0.91 0.32 0.00 -0.02
PI% -0.90 0.15 0.01 -0.17

-1

-1.5
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
- - a xe F 1 ( 4 6 %) - - >
 QTLs detection

Variables Linkage group Position LOD score % explanation

Girth (G59) g3a312 60.2 13.7 28
Pcumi g16a131 5.8 33.1 57
DRCi g16a131 6.8 25.4 47
Pii g16a131 5.8 26.9 47
W2 g16 5.8 27.0 50
WT g16 5.8 22.0 43
Pind g16 5.8 40.3 64
Sucip g16 42.6 3.9 ns 10
Rsh g12 90.1 4.9 12
W1i g9 13.1 5.8 18
g8 21.2 4.1 ns 9
QTL detection by Interval Mapping
(MapQTL5) for girth

Lod-score = 13.7 *** Hbg3a312

% Exp = 28 % Girth, G71
6-years old

Threshold = 4.5
α = 0.05
QTL detection by Interval Mapping
(MapQTL5) for latex production

Lod-score = 33.1 *** Pcumi

% Exp = 57 % Hbg16a131
 Conclusions
1. One major QTL for latex production, Pi, DRC
and Pind (Hb-g16-a131) – lod-score = 25-28.

2. One major QTL for girth of the trunk

(Hb-g3-a312) – lod-score = 10-15.

3. No significant QTL for Suc.

4. No new QTL after one stimulation.

5. Several minor QTLs were also detected for

some production traits.
Thank you for your attention