1. The movement of water through the vascular tissue in plants relies on which property of
water?
A Good solvent for ions and polar molecules
(B- ~i Strong cohesive forces between molecules
c' High specific heat capacity
D Changes in density with temperature
P Q R S
~H.oH CHzOH CHzOH o~ /OH
~-Q
H, I .,0
6-0\
H, I~
C
H,/H \ /H /OH I
C C N-C-C C C CH 2
HO/\9'"1 HI 'OH H/ I HO/ \OH HI ' H
I
c-c
I I
'OH
H c-c
I I
H,
N-C-C
;0
H OH H OH H/ I ' OH
H
Which of the following below correctly shows the information about the molecules
above?
Contains a carboxyl Forms 1,6 glycosidic Forms peptide bonds
group bonds in glycogen by condensation
A P P PandQ
B Q R P and R
C R R RandQ
0' \ S P Qand S
3. The graph shows rates of simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, of substance X across
a cell surface membrane, as the concentration of substance X increases.
simple diffuSion
concentratioo of substance X
Why does the rate of facilitated diffusion level off whereas the rate of simple
diffusion does not?
,,!3 !Facilitated diffuston is limited by the number of protein pumps in the membrane.
C- Facilitated diffusion requires ATP which will eventually be used up.
D Only facilitated diffusion is affected by the kinetic energy of the molecules that
are diffusing.
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B R T Q p S
C S T P Q R
D T S R P Q
5. The epithelium shown below is part of the tissues of a mammalian urinary bladder.
----
c~)rransjtional epithelium
B Stratified cuboidal epithelium
C Stratified squamous epithelium
D Stratified columnar epithelium
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A The binding of the substrate molecule depends on the shape of the active site.
B The allosteric site of the substrate molecule is used to bind to the enzyme.
(~) The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site slightly.
D The substrate molecule modifies its shape to wrap around the enzyme molecule.
A I, II and IV
B I, III and V
(~ "IV only
D Vonly
8. The bacteria, Escherichia coli, were cultured for many generations in a medium
containing a heavy isotope of nitrogen, I~. They were then transferred to a medium
containing the light isotope of nitrogen, I~. They were given time to replicate DNA and
left to reproduce for another three generations. After that, ultracentrifugation was canied
out and the result of ultra violet light absotption was observed.
Which one of the following shows the result of the experiments for generation 1, 2
and3?
I n m IV v
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~ IT N V
9. The table below shows three different green plants and their characteristics.
Plant
I Tomato
IT Maize
ill Cactus
I IT ill
, "" /
~) (a) (b) (c)
B (b) (a) (c)
C (b) (c) (a)
D (c) (a) (b)
10. Which of the following statements are true of the light stage of photosynthesis?
J.;,
I The first electron acceptor'tsYSI is molecule R
II The first electron acceptor of PSIT is molecule Q
ill The energy level of PSI is much higher than that ofPSII Y (,"
N The reaction centre of PSI is P700 and the reaction centre ofPSII is P680
V The reaction centre of PSI is P680 and the reaction centre ofPSII is P7()O
A IandN Q tZ
B IT,illandV
C I,n,illandN
(D': I, II, ill and V J \
I
J
""
\ ,) .,
,
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11. The schematic diagram below shows the link reaction and Krebs cycle of aerobiosis.
A I, ill, vn and IX .
VI, IV, VI and X
C II, V, vn and vm
o ill, VI, vn and X
12. What products are fonned when anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles and yeast
cells?
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13. Which one of the foUowing is not a correct match between the organisms and their mode
of nutrition?
15. The graph shows the oxygen dissociation curve for fish and humans.
~ .
Fish~;~ ' . ~
", :,
~ .
/
, /
,,
~ .
,
I
Z
PartW
:: .
pr~ssure of oxygen
.. --,." ~. ; .
The oxygen dissociation curve for fish is more to the left of the oxygen dissociation
curve for hwnans because
A ',the haemoglobin of fish has a higher affinity for oxygen than that of humans.
B at low partial pressure of oxygen. the haemoglobin of fish take up less oxygen
compared to the haemoglobin ofhwnans.
. C the concentration of oxygen in water is lower than in air.
D at low partial pressure of oxygen. the haemoglobin of humans is more saturated
than the haemoglobin of fish.
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16. Which one of the following is true of a hypothesis that describes the opening and closing
mechanism of the stoma of a plant?
\1\)\j'\ IJ.-) 17. These events occur during the cardiac cycle:
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cardiac cycle
from the beginning to the end?
18. Which of the following does not involve active transport across membranes?
19. Which of the following explain the fate of the excess amino acids in the protein
metabolism of mammals?
I Excreted as albumin in urine.
II Deamination occurs and amino acid is excreted as ammonia in urine.
III Deamination occurs and amino group is excreted as urea.
IV Transamination to produce other amino acids .
A I and II
B. I and III
C II and IV
D III and IV
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20. In the kidney, the blood pH is increased by the movement of hydrogen ions from the
22. The diagram below shows the changes in membrane potential in an axon.
! 40
N
'".0
d 0
s
&
~
.5 -70r---.
o
~ S~ulus
.......- ~2-3...
L...-...
O t
, """""""ir---- TIme/ms
4
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23. Which of the following occur in the myofibrils when a muscle contracts?
~
Shortens Shortens No change in len~ Shortens
Lengthens Shortens No change in length Shortens
C Shortens Lengthens Shortens Lengthens
D Shortens No change in length Shortens Shortens
24. What is the difference in the mechanism of action between steroid honnone and
peptide honnone?
25. If a long-day plant has a critical night length of 10 hours, which of the following
24-hour cycles would prevent flowering?
Which of the following combination correctly describe the type of antibody and
its function?
I II III IV V \( (
A (a) (c) (d) (b) (e)
B' ) (e) (b) (c) (d) (a)
C' (a) (c) (b) (e) (d)
D (b) (a) (c) (e) (d)
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27. The table below shows the types of immune response and the cells that are involved.
A
B
C
D
28. A person infected by HIV will develop AIDS and die. The immune system fails to
eradicate the virus because
A I and II
B II and III
C I, II and III
IJ>; II, III and IV
29. The table below shows five kinds of animals and their methods of asexual
reproduction.
II
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I II III IV V
fA ", (a) (d) (e) (c) (b)
)( Y3
\: "
- <
I II III IV V
A (c) (a) (d) (e) (b) '/ A
B (a) (b) (d) (c) (e)
~" (b) (c) (e) (d) (a)
D '"
J
(c) (b) (a) (d) (e)
31. The table below shows the type of germinal layers and the tissues/organs which are
formed from it.
I II III
fA'. (a) (b) (c) \j (
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33. The table below shows patterns of growth and examples of growth patterns in
organisms.
I II
A (b) (a)
B (d) (a)
C"; (a) (b)
D~ (c) (b)
34. The diagram below shows the inheritance of albinism in a human family. The allele
for albinism is recessive to the nonnal allele.
tr.r
.AIbmo·....
• AIbmomaie
o NonnIt fIrnaM /.
o Normal male
What is the probability that the next child born to individuals P and Q will be an
albino male?
. A. 118
Cij) 114
C. 112
D. 3/4
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42A B
39 aabb
lOA bb
9 aaB
A. II and III
B. I, III and IV
\CJ I, II and III
D: I, II, III and IV
36. The three diagrams below show the pattern formed by three-pairs of homologous
chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
==- 0
a pair of {;==;:;===~nonnaI dHomcJIOmes
(Ii)
I1IUIM8CIchomoflomw
Which of the following is a correct match of the mutation that has occurred in the
mutated chromosomes?
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37. The table below shows types of genetic abnormalities and their causes.
I II III IV V
A P R Q s T
B
- ~
P T Q s R
p
8 R T S
p
Q
D R Q T S
38. In a human population, one out of25000 babies is born with sickle-cell anaemia.
The baby is homozygous recessive (genotype ss). Which of the following statements
are true?
A I and II only
a I, II and III only
, ~) I, II and IV only
U I, II, III and IV
39. Which of the following statements are true about the mechanism of gene regulation
and expression of lactose operon?
. A.. I and II
.J!) I, II and III
C I, II and IV
D II, Illand IV
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43. The table below shows the taxonomic groups and taxon for the housefly.
I II III IV
A a d b c
B b c a d
C c b a d
,,~) d a b c
44. The table shows four groups of plants and their characteristics.
Group Characteristics
45. Which of the following would provide the best information for distinguishing
phylogenetic relationships between several species that are almost identical in
anatomy?
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40. A study on 400 mice about their resistance towards a type of poison has been carried
out. The resistance characteristic is controlled by the dominant allele R. 36% of the
mice population is found to be resistant towards the poison. Calculate the number of
mice expected to have Rr genotype.
A 16
1!,, 72
0 128
D 256
41. The diagram below shows the gene regulation and expression of a lac operon when
lactose is present
p R s
A Structural enes Promoter
)3", Promoter
~ ~R~e--~------~--~--~~--+---~------~~--~~----~
D Re
42. The following shows the steps taken during a DNA finger printing process.
A I, II, II, IV
R III, II, I, IV
C · IV, I, II, III
D I, II, IV, III
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I Controlled by polygene
II Shown by qualitative characteristics
III Influenced by environmental factors
IV The classes show a normal distribution
A I, II and III I(
B I, III and IV
'G) II, III and IV
D I, II, III and IV
A IandII
a III and IV
, C :1, III and IV
o II ,III and IV
48. Species stTategy refers to the ability to compete b<:tween twQ sp~~i... O) in A lulbi,,",
Which one of the following is incorrect for r and k strategies?
r Strat~y K Strat~
A Can disperse easily and colonise Achieve equilibrium in population
new habitat size.
B Progeny are small in size Progeny are large in size.
.C) Large number of progeny Small number of progeny.
D Have ability to survive in a Do not have strong ability to compete.
crowded habitat
Y {j
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Quadrat " 19
~ @]
~ ~ ~
@] @] §] 10m
~ @] ~
@J ~ ~
< 5m---:;)
50. Which ofthe following are the correct statements for Liebig's law and Shelford's
law
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I. The diagram below shows the flow of electrons in non-cyclic and cyclic
photophosphorylation.
High
Electron
energy
:-.10 1electron
\...
transport
O~
chain
~ FJectron
energy
v:.::
~)
~
transport
l-"")~
chain
I~vel level
t...-S ~~ Photo system I
Photosystem II
r... .
(a) State the precise location of photo phospho tion in a chloroplast. (2 marks]
. Y:'~ ... :I~ ....phd-:>~Wf'?m .. .!... }~.. ...r!1~~ .J:t!It1. ... .<?~
... .~:~~.... . .. ~~? ... ~ .... .P..~ .. +.....tP. ......flf..v:~A~.~'::· ... ... ... .. .... ... ... . 1... .
••• •• •• • •• 0 •• 0 ••••• • •••• •••• •••• • •••••••••••• • • •• •••• • • • •• • •• • ••••• ••• • • •••• • 0 •••••••••••••••• • •• • •••• •• • ••
~C!j.c;V.," .... r·~.:f,· f~ ~ fK;L"J l,¢.l~!:"! .. ..:~ ,.~ .f.~... ~~. 4· ...I'.~. X .I{¥>! .(\~ .. ... .
.~~.te.t~f1~ ..?~. ~<!!~. ~<;c.~':l. %.dJ ~ .... ~f.pk~~w..LP.~.. ..t.'':!I!?(~~ ... .F..r. K..
.. 4M ....r:. ..?.. ~ .... Md....lh~~1JiF....((P:... ~4: .... ~(~«~.I... Jr.,.. .... f£1.ftj~ ...
- "
.. f.-.... ~c}1... ... ~~~~ .. ~.~.. . P't)A~ ... ~.~.....~.~..~~! .. .~.~~. :.D.O.~·
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3
Ir-rp
. ~~.~.~~~.V~~~~~~~...~.... 9.~./.~PX .. 0~~···~~·~·~:@·r·~...~.~~ . .
.~t!\ .. ~~.'=- ... ~~~~.\~.~~~~.~ ................................................... .
(d)
"-
State two ways in which oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria resembles
photophosphorylation in chloroplasts. [2 marks]
.. ,.
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(a) (i) Using a suitable example, explain what is meant by day-neutral plants.
[2 marks]
'-<
C!J
100
~
0
!i::::
'-'
'"
-5
....,
V>
c:
'" 50
0.
'0
C!J
bO
!S
c:
CI)
~
C!J
0.. 0
8 10 12 4 16
Which photoperiod group doe is particular plant belong? Give a reason for
your answer. [2 marks]
........ ..~hvt ... ~.q~-: . ~ ... ~iw.-0.: .. Jt. ...~~.~....~~~ .. ~ ...~)q~.Il.~ .. .~.~ .... .
...........~~ .... f.~;: ,.~~...~ ... !;.I. ~~: .....~PY.t~... ~~ ....~~!: ........ .. .. ... ...... .
(b) The diagram below shows three different treatm
plant.
C~,-_--, No floweIing
I t=
o 6 12 18 24
Timelhow's
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(i) From the data given, state w' is crucial in determining flowering: light .
period or dark period. [1 mark] (
Jo.v \() . . . ... .' .' , , '. "
...... .........~ ... ~ .. ~ ........................... : ............................ . ................... ..
" .
• ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • "•••••••• • ••••.••••••••••••••• i ••••••••••••.•• • •••••••••••••.••••• . •••••••••••••••••••••• ••
(ii) Use the results from t experiment to deduce the photoperiodic group t o '
which this plant bong. [ 1 mark] (
..... 5~~~~ .. ~ .. .~\tM-t .... ~ t ...itv~ ... ~....~~~~..1~ ... .l~~ ... ~. ~.~~:.
(c) In a further experiment, the 15 hours of dark period is interrupted by flashes of red
Iight(R) and / or far-red light (F).
D no flowering
R F
E flowering
R F R
F
III - no flowering
18 24
o 6 12
Time I hours
What is your conclusion about the effects of the two types of 'ght on flowering?
[4 marks]
INs- ~ J~O'lI.lI.\
ts,...............
.........••••• :-!-.~ ..A~, ..... p.te~;......~ ~ ..... ..I.~:]b.!. .... dlJ.~t:.... k .... .r.~.\J.
~.~ W'Y'~r'
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V:
PATHOGEN
... :... Jk.~9~~'e........ ......... ....................... .... ...... ..... .... .. . . ... ... 0
~:£:;~:(~aS~~I~......... [I~~~l 0
(c) After receiving infonnation from macrophage, Cell V will secrete U. Name Cell V and
::::~".~::~:"~fu~.S~~S.:=~.:........................ . [3~~~Slo
U: ......... ~u~ ... ~ ...... c:>f-.. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
(,F~ fOfuJ'c" ... .
Function of u: .... .c.r.Qii!~ ..... ~ru ... ;r.... iD.i'W~....(~!!&;.. :~l!!J.,....l~~~, ~;:c
(d) What are Cells P and Q? [2 marks]
J
J o
-
o
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.... ~tr.-.f!!.,.... ~th ....~ ..,~~.....~ .....~... ~.... ~..... ~f~(d.... ~:.............
.... A.~sO'!1~.....t#......~.jr.r!fflJ)r.!......~8....~ ..... ~.~·.!.· .. #.:··.·O
....~!).~ ..... .t#.:#~.... ~ .. ~.q~.'? .... ~~... Liffir ...~1.e}.t..'3.: ...................................... .
(f) HIV is a virus that attacks the immU{le system. State the cell infected by HIV. [1 m U
.~ ••••• uuu••••••••••••••••••••• u u . .
a
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4 The diagram below shows a DNA fragment containing a desired gene and a bacterial
plasmid.
DNA
ATGGATCCA ATGGATCCA
TACCTAGGT gene TACCTAGGT
plasmid
TACCTAGGTACT
ATGGATCCATGA
(a) (i) Identify a restriction site found on the DNA fragment and plasmid. [1 mark]
:::::~'::::~:::~:::::=::::~~:~.~::~:~::::::I~~:~:~~~":~::.::::[~.~:::~O
(b) Draw a diagram to show
(i) a DNA restriction fragment containing the desired gene.- [1' mark]
11 \
4 T" ~ \ {r
AT CcA
\ I ,
ex
~j V t ( cAT
f , r
TAC
t I I
AT G,
.J....1.. I
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10
(c) In some genetic engineering processes, a synthetic gene is inserted into a bacterial
host. This process is shown below.
marlier
lenc:
bacterial cen
marlier
,cnc
. V
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11
5. (a) By drawing a clear labelled diagram, show the structure ofa DNA molecule.
[4 marks]
7. (a) By giving suitable examples, explain briefly what is meant by the terms,
oviparity. ovoviviparity and viviparity. [6 marks]
~. (a) Escherichia coli is a bacterium that will only produce the enzymes necessary for
utilizing lactose when it is placed in lactose solution. Explain how this enzyme
induction is controlled. [9 marks]
(b) Explain how a zygote with the genotype XO is formed in human. What is the
effect on an individual carrying the chromosome XO? [6 marks]
(i) Arthropoda
(ii) Echinodermata •
(iii) Fungi
(iv) Mollusca
(v) Spermatophyta [15 marks]
(b) Discuss the factors which influence the size of a population. [9 marks]
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NO: DATE:
_ _ _ _+-5~O_~~~~~{~(u=~~o~f_e_ _F~~~~=h~~~~-~--F~~~~~~£~-N-A~Q~1-_~rmed,
- - - - - - - - - - - - --------------------------
_ _ _ _+--_ _ _~'_____="____=__=o_'__f______"_e_-____'-+h_'_"-=cd.'-"---~~_t:+
_ __'_pJ_'_Jl___-_~'_=____'_?S_~ ~9W""£_~_ L.l.c:..~cJ Po{ ____f'...~_
_~__--+-"--'-~~L --f~}~~_
~ kq _ck-~ ---f10'rvt-___ -.-:.'-' ___ 1ft1j-~ fee..v __ plcm:1J -f1fo uer- /f-vL'lpeoi ve _cl_-d'3t'-
- f
NO:. DATE:
r , I
OJ I Vectrv
eJ1.Z- ~¥J-,-~-=--_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
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Section B
o Diagram CD
o Labels: Double helix! spiral double chain; phosphate molecule; deoxyribose;
correct base pairing: A=T, G==C; correct number of hydrogen bonds; distance
between 2 base pairs = 3.4nm1lO base pairs or 1 complete turn)=14nm Any 6 = @
Max 4 0" 3!f.- :J "'f-IIW\,
(Note: Explanation not required)
(Ji (b) To remove excess glucose from the blood ifin excess or to raise the blood
glucose level if it decreases CD
(c) Wh~n blood glucose is in excess/level is high:
~ 0t
\ • more glucose is absorbed into the liver cells and respired/ break down to
CO2 and water/ more sugar is respired<D
• glucose is converted to glycogen under the effect of insulin CD
• glucose is converted to fat CD (Any 1)
". Amino acid molecules are taken up by the liver cells to synthesise protein CD
• Transminated to other amino acids CD
/. Are deaminated CD (Any I)
/
J •
. Fat is converted by liver cells to glycogen CD
Producing cholesterol when the uptake through the diet IS
L. inadequate/insufficient/lacking CD
Excess blood cholesterol is remove via the bileCD (any 1)
0 ·
(e) In the regulation of water in body fluid! blood osmotic pressure: CD
High blood osmotic pressure causes pituitary gland to secrete ADHCD
o ADH increases the permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct of
l
/IN!lX 3 renal nephron CD
o More water reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting ductCD
o Vice-versa ~ (Any 2)
(g) In the regulation of mineral ion concentration CD ~c4'~ 0'" """"j o~ ".,... tA£.~-cJ~
2. Excess mineral ions are not reabsorbed . They are eliminated! removed in
(0 the urine CD
3. Inadequate sodium ions in blood, sodium ions rue reabsorbed via the distal
tubule and collecting duct under the influence of aldosteron~. CD (Any I) ~I
7 Oviparity: ··.·
• when the eggs are laid and hatched outside the female body CD
I .\- I
• Example
Reptiles / B~rds / Frogs / most fish / insects I some species of sharks CD Max2
Ovoviviparity
• The egg is fertilized and stored I retained within the oviduct CD
The embryo is nourished by the yolk in the egg II obtains its nutrients
! +- I fro~ the yolk CD
The young are born after being hatched within the mother's body CD Any 1
• Example
Some species of sharks CD Max 2
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Viviparity
• The egg is fertili zed within the female body and the embryo formed is no uri shed
by nutrients obtained from the mother's body / through the placenta. The baby is
born alive CD
• Example
All mammals and some species of sharks. CD Max 2
(b) Parturition
• High level of oestrogen produced by the placenta initiates parturition. CD
• Triggers the release of prostaglandin from the uterine wall CD
• This enable the uterine muscle to contract CD
• The strong myometrium! uterine contraction sends positive feedback to mother's
pituitary gland and the foetus to release oxytoxin CD
• Both prostaglandin and oxytoxin stimulate powerful uterine contraction CD
• This increase in frequency as the labour progresses CD
• The contraction stimulates stretch receptors in the uterine wall and the cervix CD
• stimulate more oxytoxin to be released CD
• cervix dilates and soften its tissues and becoming more flexible CD
• The first stage of labour ends with the cervix dilating/opening to about 10 cm CD
• In the second stage of labour, strong contractions, aided by the mother' s pushing,
expel the foetus through the vagina. CD
• The uterus contracts again and separate the placenta from the uterine wall CD
• The placenta is passed out and the umbilical cord is tied and cut This is the
final/third stage of labour CD Max 9 . .
Total: 15 marks ",,_"')t. '1
o Thus, when the bacterium, E. coli is present in lactose solution, some of the
lactose is converted to allolactose, which acts as an inducer. CD
o This inducer binds with the repressor and changes its comformation/shapc so that
the repressor molecule is unabled to attach to the operator. CD
o So, the operator is turned on. This leads to the expression of the structural
genes/transcription occurs followed by translation and enzymes are produced. CD
o On tpe other hand, in the absence of lactose, there is no inducer to bind to the repressor.
Thus, the repressor will bind to the operator to inactivate it/to block it and prevents the
RNA polymerase from attaching/moving across it. Hence, transcription cannot occur and
no enzymes are produced. CD-Max 9 marks
(ii) Echinodermata
(iii) Fungi
o EukaryoticCD
o Chitinous wall CD
o Absence of chlorophyll CD
o Heterotrophic/saprotrophic or parasitic <D
o Consists of a network of hyphae/mycelium CD
o Stored food is glycogen CD
o Asexual reproduction by spore (unflagelated) formation and
sexual reproduction is also exhibitedCD Any 3
(iv) Mollusca
(v) Spermatophyta
10 (a)
1 Number pyramid CD /\I~·c.eQ..y'
• shows the number of individual organisms that occupy the trophic levels in a food
chain CD '
3 Energy pyramid CD
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• shows the rate of energy flow or production at each subsequent trophic level. The
best ecological pyramid to illustrate as a whole the functional condition of a
community. <D Max 6
(b)
Factors affecting population size/ growth
- Fluctuation! increase or decrease of population size is due to interaction between
two intrinsic factors: birth (natality) rate and death (mortality) rate of a population. <D
• In low environmental resistance, population size increases due to rise in birth rate
and conversely, in high environmental resistance, the size of popUlation decreases
when the death rate increases <D Any 1
I Population age:
- a population with a high number of aged members/individuals results in low
biotic potential and this limits/reduce the size of a population.
// Conversely a population with a high number of young individuals with high
biotic potential increases population size.
3 Predation:
- When number of predators increases, population will decrease.
9 Territorial behaviour:
- decreases overcrowding and competition.
- It ensure food supplies and space are adequate for offspring! mating.
This causes population size to increase.
/ j- +- I E.x.p
4- F )( ')..