Instructions to candidates :
There are fifty questions in this paper. For each question, four suggested answers are given.
Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the multiple-choice answer sheet provided.
Answer all questions.Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.The total score for this
paper is the number of correctly answered questions.
Section A
Four suggested answers labelled A, B, C and D are given for each question.
Choose one correct answer.
1 The mass spectrum of iron shows peaks at mass number of 54, 56, 57, and 58.
This shows that
A NH3 C CO2
B C4H10 D H2
P/atm
217
5.1
3 The phase diagram for carbon dioxide is shown above. Which of the following statements is
not true?
4 The electronic configuration of the outermost shell of an element is 3s2 3p1. What is the
proton number for this element?
A 3 B 11 C 13 D 15
Element T could be
A Fluorine C Magnesium
B Sodium D Phosphorus
7 The graph shows a property when going across period three. What could the property be?
Property
Proton number
A Atomic size
B Ionization energy
C Electric conductivity
D Boiling point
8 Which of the following molecules will not form a hydrogen bond with another similar
molecule?
A C6H5OH
B CH3NH2
C CH3CHO
D NH3
Valence
band
Conductor
band
The diagram shows the conductor and the valence bands. Which of the following elements
can be represented by the diagram shown?
A Carbon C Neon
B Magnesium D Oxygen
Reactant
Products
Time
Which of the following reactions can be represented byb the graph above?
A Esterification C Sulphonation
B Nitration D Neutralization
12 Which of the following is true about the half life of a first order reaction?
13 The dissociation of dinitrogen tetroxide into nitrogen dioxide is represented by the equation
below.
14 Public swimming pools are often chlorinated to kill bacteria. As an alternative to chlorination
silver ions can be used in a concentration of not more than 10-6 moldm-3 and not less than
10-7 moldm-3 of silver ions.
Which of the following compounds would, in saturated solution, provided the necessary
concentration of silver ion?
A 50%
B 62%
C 76%
D 100%
What is the most suitable method for extracting magnesium metal from its ores?
A 2.8 dm3
B 5.6 dm3
C 8.4 dm3
D 11.2 dm3
18 Which one of the following equation correctly defines the enthalpy change of formation
of carbon monoxide?
19 The enthalpy changes of formation of gaseous ethane and gaseous ethane are 52 kJmol-1
and 85 kJmol-1 respectively at 298K.
What is the enthalpy change of reaction at 298K for the following process?
A -137 kJmol-1
B -33 kJmol-1
C +33 kJmol-1
D 137 kJmol-1
CH CH CH3 C2H5
C C C
H C2H5 H CH3
C2H5 CH3
C2H5 H
C C C C
CH3
CH3 H CH3
A 1 and 2 C 1 and 4
B 1 and 3 D 2 and 4
21 Which one of the following is a correct statement about the two alkenes
CH3CH2CH=CH2 and CH3CH=CHCH3?
22 Which one of the following reagents could best be used to distinguish between hex-1-ene and
methylbenzene?
A Ag(NH3)2+ in H2O
B Br2 in CCl4
C I2 in NaOH
D 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in CH3OH
23 Compound G has the molecular formula C8H9C1. When compound G is heated with acidified
potassium manganate(VII), a compound with the molecular formula C8H6O4 is formed.
Compound G is most probably
A C
B D
`Ethanoyl 2-hydroxybenzoic
chloride acid
25 Aldehyde and ketone are produced through catalytic oxidation of alkenes. One example of the
reaction scheme is shown below where ethanal is produced from the oxidation of ethene.
A CH3CH2CHO
B CH3CH2CH2CHO
C CH3COCH2CH3
D CH2COCH3
27. Why is ethanoic acid a stronger acid in liquid ammonia than in water?
28 Ethanol is more soluble in water when compared to ethyl ethanoate. Why is this?
A C
B D
30.
A Ammonia nitrate
B Ethanamide
C Alcoholic ammonia
D Methylamine
31 In an experiment, diluted hydrochloric acid was added to 2-aminopropanoic acid until the pH
of the solution is 2. What is the shape of 2-aminopropanoic acid molecule that exists at this
pH?
A C
B D
A cationic polymerisation
B anionic polymerisation
C coordination polymerisation
D condensation polymerization
A Sodium
B Silicon
C Sulphur
D Chlorine
A germanium
B carbon
C silicon
D lead
36 Which of the following best explain the decreasing thermal stability of the chlorides and
oxides in the oxidation state of +4 of the Group 14 elements (carbon to lead ) in the Periodic
Table when descending the group?
A It is polar.
B It has a ‘V’ shape
C It is produced from NO2.
D It contains one unpaired electron.
A It is non-polar molecule.
B It has a trigonal planar shape
C The H− N− H bond angle is 107o.
D It contains two lone pairs of electrons.
39 The scheme below shows the reactions between potassium iodide with hot concentrated
sulphuric acid, and with aqueous siver nitrate, as well as the solubility of the precipitate Y in
concentrated aqueous ammonia.
Conc. H2SO4
Vapour X
heat
KI(s)
Which of the following is correct with regards to the colour of vapour X, colour of the
precipitate Y, and the solubility of Y, in concentrated ammonia?
40 Which of the following statements helps to explain why nickel can act as a catalyst in the
hydrogenation of ethene at 200 oC according to the equation :
Section B
For questions 41 through 50, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may be correct.
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct. The responses A to D should be selected
on the basis of the following.
A B C D
1 only is correct. 1 and 2 only are 2 and 3 only are 1, 2 and 3 only
correct. correct. are correct.
41 Which of the following depends on the number of solute particles in a given mass of solvent?
Which of the following statements help to explain why tooth enamel is dissolved more
readily when saliva is acidic?
43 The dissociation constants, Ka, for three acids are given below:
Acid Ka (moldm-3)
phenylethanoic acid 4.90 x 10-5
3-hydroxybenzoic acid 8.32 x 10-5
2-chlorobutanoic acid 1.15 x 10-3
44 Under which of the following conditions would the Partition Law not hold?
45 Which pairs of compounds can react to produce a compound with the following
structural formula?
46 Which of the following compounds can be used to prepare diazonium salt when reacted with
nitric acid(III)?
47 Which of the following statements explain the increasing thermal stability of the carbonates
of the Group 2 elements (beryllium to barium) when descending the group?
48 Which of the following aqueous cations would give a precipitate when excess ammonia is
added to it?
49 In the diaphragm cell for the manufacture of chlorine by elavtrolysis of brine. The function of
the diaphragm
50 A complex salt with the formula of [Ni(NH3)x(H2O)y]Cl2 has the composition by mass of
nickel, 13.98%; and hydrogen, 3.79%. Which of the following statements are true with
regards to the complex salt?
Instructions to candidates :
For examiner’s use
Answer all the questions in Section A in the Section Marks Marks
spaces provided. Obtained
Answer any four questions from section B. 1 10
For this section, write your answers on the
2 10
answer sheets provided. Begin each
answer on a fresh sheet of paper. Answers A 3 10
should be illustrated by large, clearly 4 10
labeled diagrams wherever suitable. 40
Answers may be written in either Malay or 5 15
English.
Arrange your answer in numerical order
6 15
and tie the answer sheets to this booklet. B 7 15
8 15
9 15
10 15
60
TOTAL 100
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) In nature, X contains two isotopes with mass numbers 79 and 81.
Calculate the percentage abundance of the isotopes 79X and 81X.
[2 marks]
(iii) If X exist as a monoatomic element,sketch the mass spectrum of X.
[2 marks]
(b) Graph against p for 1.0 mol H2 and CO2 at 273K is shown below:
H2
CO2
Ideal gas
(i) Explain why carbon dioxide behaves like an ideal gas at low pressure.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
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(ii) What type of deviation from ideal gas behaviour for hydrogen.
…………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
2 (a) The following diagram shows an arrangement of an electrochemical cell created from
[1 mark]
(ii) With reference to the Data Booklet, calculate the electromotive force(e.m.f)
of the under standard condition.
[3 marks]
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(iii) Using the result obtained in(ii),write the Nernst equation of the above cell
reaction.
[1 mark]
(b) (i) On the incomplete outline below sketch the Born-Haber cycle which includes
the standard enthalpy change of formation, /\H, and the lattice energy of
calcium sulphide. Label all the enthalpy changes involved and the chemical
species at each stage. [Abbreviations can be used, as in part (b).]
Ca2+(g) + S2-(g)
Energy
Ca(s) + S(s)
CaS(s)
[5 marks]
The sum of the first two electron affinities of sulphur = 337 kJ mol-1
The standard enthalpy change of formation,
[2 marks]
3 (a) Write the equations for the reaction of ethanoyl chloride, CH3COCl, with 1-propanol,
CH3CH2CH2OH, and aniline, C6H5NH2. Name the organic products formed.
(i) 1-propanol
(ii) Aniline
[4 marks]
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(b) Write an equation to show how aniline can be obtained from the product formed in
(a)(ii) above.
[1 mark]
(c) Give the formulae of the products obtained when the following ester
O O
║ ║
OCH2CHOCCH2CH2C
│
CH2
[2 marks]
(d) (i) Give the structural formulae of the reagents that are required to produce
COOH
[3 marks]
4 (a) When ammonium nitrate is heated,it liberates a colourless gas. The gas can be used as
an anaesthetic.
………………………………………………………………….……………
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the equation for the above reaction.
…………………………………………………………………………….…
[1 mark]
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On the axes below,sketch the general trend for each property of the elements or their
compound the third period of the Periodic Table. No scale is given for the vertical
axis.Your sketch is expected to be clear but only qualitative.
Expalain the changes shown.
Na Mg Al Si PS
[1 mark]
Explanation
……………………………………………………………………………………….
.....................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]
(b) Chromium (proton number = 24) is a d-block element. A lot of chromium compound
are used in the laboratory.
………………………………………………………………………..………..
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
.
5 (a) State the difference between the hydrogen emission spectrum and a spectrum
produced by a tungsten filament bulb.
[2 marks]
(b) States all the orbitals for the carbon atom and state the differences between them.
[2 marks]
(c) Hund`s rule, Pauli exclusion principle and Aufbau principle are used to determine the
ground states electronic configuration of an atom.
(ii) Describe how the two principles are applied to oxide ion O2-, as an example.
[3 marks]
(ii) State and explain the changes in the radius of the atom of elements in Period
2, that is, from lithium to neon.
[4 marks]
6 (a) Predict the shape of the NH3 molecules and NH4+ ions , explain the differences in
their bond angel.
[4 marks]
(b) Draw a labeled diagram showing the overlapping of orbitals in
(i) H2O
[2 marks]
(ii) C2H4
[2 marks]
(c) The boiling point of H2O is higher than HF.Explain.
[2 marks]
(d) The rate of decomposition of acidic hydrogen peroxide can be analysed through
titration. Hydrogen peroxide samples with a fixed volume are taken at specific times
and were titrated with potassium manganate(IV) solution. The titration results are as
follows:
Time/min 0 10 20 30
(i) Determine the half-life of this reaction by plotting the graph, using the data
from the table above.
[4 marks]
(ii) What is the order of this reaction?
[1 mark]
(b) Explain
(i) the effect on the yield of NO when pressure on equilibrium mixture is
increased
(ii) the effect on equilibrium constant, Kc when temperature on the equilibrium
mixture is decreased.
[4 marks]
(c) If 0.40 mol of NH3 and 0.50 mol of O2 in a 1 dm3 container is allowed to react in the
presence of catalyst Platinum/Rhodium until an equilibrium is established, the yield
of NO is 30% by mole. Calculate the number of mol of NO produced.
[2 marks]
(d) Sketch the graphs of (i) concentration of A versus time and (ii) rate versus
concentration of A.
[2 marks]
1
(e) If the graph of versus time is as given below.
[A]
Calculate 1
(i) the rate constant / mol–1 dm–3
[A]
(ii) the initial concentration of
A 12.
2.0
0 20 t / min
[3 marks]
8 (a) Describe and explain the variation in boiling point of the tetrachlorides of Group 14
from Carbon to lead
[4 marks]
(b) How and why do CCl4 and SiCl4 differ in their reaction with water? Include,in your
answer any reaction that occurs.
[4 marks]
(c) Suggest a use of each element or compound below, and explain how each of the uses
is related to physical or chemical properties and structure.
(i) Silicon
(ii) Silicon (IV) oxide
(iii) Carbon dioxide
[3 marks]
(d) Aluminium is extracted from a mixture of molten aluminium oxide and cryolite,
Na3AlF6 by electrolysis. Suggest factors that have to be taken into consideration when
choosing a site for an aluminium factory.
State one adverse effect on the environment as a result of the extraction process of
aluminium.
[4 marks]
9 (a) An alkene, C4H8 reacts with hydrogen chloride to produce a compound, C4H9Cl, draw
the structure of the alkene and the chloro-compound.
[2 marks]
Cl2/ light
A C2H6
NaOH
reflux
Step 1 B
Conc.
180oC H2SO4
Br2/CCl4 NaOH
C D E
Reflux
(i) Identify compounds A to E.
(ii) Name the reagent used in step I.
(iii) Give an important use for compound E.
[7 marks]
(c) Suggest how you would differentiate the following pairs of compounds by chemical
means.
(i) 1-iodohexane and 1-chlorohexane
(ii) chlorocyclohexane and chlorohexane
(iii) 1-chloro-1- butane and 1- chlorobutane
[6 marks]
Tetrahyroquinoline
Tetrahydroisoquinoline
3,4-Difluorophenylamine
[2 marks]
(c) Ziegler-Natta catalyst is a mixture of titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl4 and
triethylaluminium, Al(CH3CH2)3, Explain the addition polymerisation mechanism
with the ziegler-Natta catalyst to produce poly(ethene).
[6 marks]
(d) Give two advantages of addition polymerisation with the Ziegler-Natta catalyst
campared to addition with free radical polymerisation in the production of
poly(ethene)
[3 marks]
(e) Nylon has similar characteristics with a few natural compounds.What are these
compound? Explain.
[2 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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MARKING SCHEME
14
AgBr (s) Ag + (aq) + Br-(aq)
A
Ksp = [ Ag+ ] [Br- ]
= 5 x 10 -13 mol2dm-3
= 163.66
= 62%
16
The very negative Eo value of Mg shows that Mg2+ is very difficult to be
B
reduced to Mg. Therefore, normal chemical reduction is not suitable. A
feasible way would be the electrolysis of molten Mg2+ , in this case, MgCl2
(MgCl2 has a lower m.p. than MgO).
17
A 2O2-(l) O2(g) + 4e
Quantity of electricity used = I x t
= 8 x (100 x 60)
= 48000 C
18
The enthalpy change of formation of CO is the enthalpy change when 1
A
mol of gaseous CO is formed from its constituent elements, that is C and O2,
at their standard states.
19
H = -52 + (-85) = - 137 kJmol-1
A
20
For cis-trans isomers, 2 different groups must be bonded to the same C at the
A
double bond.
23 A
24 A Remember: Ethanoyl chloride (acyl chloride) will react with alcohols but
not with carboxylic acids.
Whereas ethyl ethanoate (ester) that has a long carbon chain does not form
hydrogen bonds with water, thus it is less soluble in water
30 D chloride
An aromatic amine with an amino group at its side chain will have similar
chemical properties as an aliphatic amine.
31
At pH 2, an acidic solution and 2-amino- propanoic acid (alanine)will exist
D
as positive ions.
32 B
The reaction results in a nucleophilic addition to the double bond and the
anionic polymerisation process takes place.
33 A
NaH – ion, SiH4 - covalent, H2S – covalent, HCl – covalent.
The sodium atom wiyh the biggest size among the four elements has
the lowest ionization energy and can lose electron readily to form
ionic compound.
34 A
Aluminium is a amphoteric. It si soluble in aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
Al2O3 (p) + 2OH- (aq) + 3H2O(l) → 2[(OH)4]- (aq)
35 D
XCl4 decomposes at room temperature showing that the X-Cl bond is
very weak. Hence, X must have the biggest size in Group 14.
36 D
The inert pair effect increases going down the Group 14. Hence, the
+2 state becomes progressively more stable while the + 4 state
becomes less stable.
38 C The lone pair electrons in NH3 pushes the three bonding pairs closer to
one another. Hence, its bond angle is slightly less than that of a perfect
tetrahedron, 109.5o .
39 D KI reacts with H2SO4 to produce iodine, which is a purple fume.
KI + H 2SO4 → KHSO4 + HI(g)
2HI(g) + H2SO4 → I2(g) + SO2(g) + 2H2O
43
Halogen is an donating group which decreases the acid strength.( Ka is
A( 1 )
greater)
44
Partition law can only be used under the following condition
D(1,2,3)
- the solutions must be dilute
- the solute cannot undergo dissociation or association in one solvent and
not the other
- the temperature must be fixed
45 D The Grignard reagent has the general formula, RMgX. With ketones, a
46 A To form a diazonium salt, nitric(III) acid must react with a primary aromatic
amine solution at a temperature of 0 — 5°C. 2-methylphenylamine, is a
primary aromatic amine.
47 A Going down group 2, the size of the cation increases causing the polarizing
power to decrease. Statement 2 only indicates that the oxides are more stable
than the carbonates. It does not explain about the stability trend of the
carbonates.
48 C Zn(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 are soluble in excess ammonia.
49 B
50 B Mol ratio of Ni : N : H = 13.98/59 : 13.27/14 : 2.79/1
= 0.236 : 0.947 : 3.79
= 1 : 4 : 16
:. Ratio of H2 : N = 8 : 4 = 2 : 1
The complex does not contain polydentate ligands. Hence, it cannot exhibits
optical isomerism.
STPM CHEMISTRY
MARKING SCHEME
PAPER 2
SECTION A ( Structured Question )
79
1(a)(ii) Lets the percentage abundance of X = x% 1
or
81
Percentage abundance of X = (100-x)% 1
79.99 = 1
X = 50.5
1
Percentage abundance of isotopes 79X = 50.5%
Percentage abundance of isotopes 81X = 49.5%
Any 2
1(a)(iii)
Abundance(%)
Axis labeled
50.5 and unit
1
49.5
Draw a correct
peak
1
79 80 81 m/e
1(b)(i)
At low pressure, the molecules are far apart , so 1
repulsive forces among the molecules of CO2 1
1(b)(iii)
Forces of repulsion between the H2 gas molecules 1
which causes the speed of H2 molecule collision with the vessel wall to 1
increase.
So the pressure of H2 is higher, causing > 1 (positive deviation)
Total 10
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9
2 (b) (i) 5
For every
single level
energy
shown,one
mark will be
given
Latice energy
CaS(s)
2 (b) (ii) -487 = 178 + 279 + (590 + 1150) + 337 + Lattice energy
Na Mg Al Si P S
Explanation:
Na2O and MgO, ionic with strong electrostatic forces;Al2O3, ionic 1
with
Covalent character; SiO2 macromolecular with high melting 1
point;
Oxides of P and S,simples molecules 1
4 (c) (i) 1
4 (c) (ii) 3d electrons absorb energy in the visible wavelengths except the 1+1
green wavelength which it reflects and jump to the higher set of vacant
3d orbitals. Therefore, Cr3+ ions appear green.
Total 10
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11
1s 2s 2p
Step 2:Fill 2s orbital with two electrons
1
1s 2s 2p
Step 3: Apply Hund`s rule.
Fill 2px,and 2py orbitals wih three electrons. The electrons must
be in parallel spins. 1
1s 2s 2p
Step 4: Fill the remaining three electrons in 2px,2py and 2pz orbitals . 1
Each pair of electrons must be in parallel spins. Describe or
show the filling
using a
diagram
1s 2s 2p Any 3
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12
Total 15
6 (a) NH3
Valence electron, N : 5e
3H : 3e
-------------
8e 3 bond pair, 1 lone pair 1
-------------
..
N
Draw or state
Or trigonal pyramidal
107 0 the shape
1
H H H
NH4+
Valence electron, N : 5e
4H : 4e
Positive charge : -1e
(less 1 electron)
-------------
8e 4 bond pair, no lone pair 1
--------------
+
H
N Or tetrahedral
109.5)
H H H Draw or state
the shape
1
The bond angle of NH3 is 1070 wheares the bond angle of NH4+
Any 4
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13
Overlapping
1
sp3 orbitals
O label
H(1 s) 1
..
6 (b) (ii)
C2H4 H(1s) π
H(1s)
δ
Overlapping
1
40
Indicate on the
20 graph
t1/2
1
10
10 20 30 t/min
From the graph, the half- life of the reaction is 13.5 minutes.
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14
0 t 0 [A
7(e)(i) 1 1
= kt +
[A] [A]0 1m
12.0 − 2.0
k= = 0.40 mol–1 dm3 min–1 1m
25
7(e)(ii) 1
= 2.0
[A]0
1m
[A]0 = 0.50 mol dm–3
Total 15
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15
1
1
, C atom in tetrachioromethane does not contain empty
d orbitals, hence does not undergo hydrolysis.
8 (d) An aluminium factory has to be located near a port so that the raw 1
material, bauxite ore, can be easily transported to it. This will reduce
cost.
1
As the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide involves the use of a
large amount of electricity, the aluminium factory must be located
close to a hydroelectric dam for a supply of cheap electricity. 1
These two factors can help to reduce the cost of producing aluminium.
One bad effect on the environment caused by the extraction of 1
aluminium is the release of poisonous hydrogen fluoride and fluorine
gas into the air, which are formed during electrolysis of a mixture of
aluminium oxide and cryolite.
Total 15
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16
9(a) CH3-CH=CH-CH3
Total 15
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17
Ethene molecules act as Lewis bases and are bonded to titanium which
1
has vacant d orbitals. These ethene monomers are inserted between the
1
titanium and the ethyl group to form a polymer.
1
The process is terminated when a hydrogen atom is added to a titanium
atom, and the poly(ethene) chain is separated from titanium.