CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THE PROJECT :Feasibility report on opening a 3 star hotel in Varanasi on the concept of Anandads (meditation and

d spa) INTRODUCTION TO HOTEL INDUSTRY

The hotel is defined as a commercial establishment where guest is offered with food and shelter in exchange of money. Hotel industry is one of the oldest and most complex and commercial acti ities in the world. Hotel industry comprises the ma!or part of tourism industry. Tourist main purpose of isit to the hotel may be classified under one of the following three groups "(a) leisure and holidays (b) #usiness and professional (c) $ther tourism purposes. The hotel pro ides enue for holding meetings and conferences and center for recreation and entertainment. Hotel is one of the most important sources of foreign currency earner. Hotels pro ide direct and indirect employment to human resource and increase the economic condition of the region where hotel is situated. %o ernment earns huge amount of taxes from hotels& and the tax earned from hotels helps in the de elopment of the country. 'e elopment of hotels in (ndia has been one of the most lucrati e in estments. Various domestic and international brands ha e made significant in estment and around )* international brands will enter the country in the next fi e years.

HISTORY OF HOTEL INDUSTRY

The need for a hotel started when the +heels were in ented and roads started getting constructed for the mo ement of the army and traders. The early tra elers were the warriors& traders and the people who are in search of ,nowledge. At that times there were no hotels or inns and people used to tra el in horses and elephants .The traders often used to sell their aluable items for lodging and the warriors used to pitch their tents for accommodation and had their own garrison to feed them. (n -th century #.. the early hotels and inns were constructed to gi e shelter to these tra elers. The hotels and inns used to be family enterprise and there was no pri acy. /eople had to carry their own beddings and ma,e their own bed. The food was !ust wholesome and healthy. . 'uring 0th and the 1th .entury #.. the monasteries used to pro ide accommodation and food to the tra elers in 2urope. #ut these monasteries were unable to pro ide accommodation to a large number of tra elers due to less space. Hence re3uirement for larger and better accommodation arose (n 43th .entury in 2urope the nobilities used to pro ided food and accommodation in there manor houses which was free of cost. 5ost of the manor houses were changed into inns and hotels because the manor houses were charged with taxes. 'uring 41th and 46th century (n 2ngland and other parts of the world the industrial re olution came with the disco ery of steam engine& which pro ided wide area connection by rail. Tra eling and boarding became easier and at the same time affordable to a wider cross section of the community. +ith the in ention of motorcars wide networ, of roadways were constructed. (t enabled to isit those parts of the country which could not be tra eled by railways. Americans started constructing such transit hotels which were called as motor hotels which pro ides accommodation and car refueling ser ices. +ith the ad ancement of time Air tra el came into existence and it helped to create business hotels and airport hotels designed to suit e ery need of the customers. (n the early periods in (ndia guest were considered as 7Athiti de a #ha a8 which means a guest is li,e %od. The accommodation and food was pro ided by an indi idual or illage bases and the hospitality was not organi9ed properly. (n (ndia tra elers were usually pilgrims& traders and scholars. The traders were pro ided accommodation at mansions of the nobilities and the pilgrims were pro ided accommodation at dharmsalas. students and scholars were pro ided accommodation in Taxila and :alanda.

(n (ndia inns were ,nown as serais and with the starting of #ritish ;a! in (ndia actual de elopment of hotel industry too, place with changing of serais d<cor and type of food according to the li,ing of the #ritish. +estern style hotel were opened in different states of (ndia li,e= 4. /allan!ee /eston!ee (41)*) opened a first luxurious hotel in #ombay and it was ,nown for its cuisine beer and wines >. Auc,land hotel (41)3) was opened in .alcutta and later it was ,nown as %reat 2astern Hotel. 3. (n 4104 2splanade hotel was built in .alcutta with 43* rooms by the #ritisher ?ohn +a,son ).The Ta! %roup was founded in 46*3 by ?;' Tata and hotel Ta! 5ahal in #ombay was constructed under the flagship of (ndian hotel company limited. @ater on Ta! group opened its branch in %oa& Varanasi& 'elhi& .alcutta& #anglore and in abroad. A. (n 46A- Asho,a Hotel was build& and 'ewan @al committee was formed to 4.standardi9e hotel ser ices >. lay down criteria for classification of hotels. 3. For the promotion of tourism in india and abroad (n 46-> hotel corporation and Tourism .orporations were formed due to the downfall of tourism acti ity and go ernment ,nown the importance of tourism. (n 46-)& three corporation were formed by the go ernment of india " 4. (ndian Tourism B Hotel .orporation. >. (ndia Tourism .orporation @td. 3. (ndia tourism B Transport .orporation. (n 46-- go ernment of (ndia merged the three corporation and formed (ndia Tourism 'e elopment .orporation.

(:T;$'C.T($: $F VA;A:AD( The city of Varanasi is located in the :orth (ndia& in the 2astern part of the state of Cttar /radesh& and its distance from state capital& @uc,now is 3>* ,ilometers Doutheast. Varanasi is one of the oldest cities in the world and Varanasi is also ,nown as cultural

capital a ! spiritual capital "# I !ia$ 5any names ha e been gi en to Varanasi from time to time li,e #enaras or Eashi. The word Varanasi has been originated from two words Varuna (ri ers that flan, the Varanasi to the north) and Asi (ri ers that flan, the Varanasi to the south). Varanasi is also ,nown for its music& arts& crafts and education. The city of Varanasi is filled with arts and crafts in the form of arc%it&ctural !&'i( ') pai ti ( a ! 'culptur&$ *ara a'i %a' &ar &! (""! a+& a ! #a+& #"r it' S%ar&&') %a !icra#t') T",') t&-til&') cla, a ! .""! ."r/) l&a# a ! #i0&r cra#t') +&tal ."r/ a ! "r a+& t'$ The city of Varanasi has also got many outstanding (ndian & poets& writers& philosophers and musicians. %autama #uddha ga e his first preaching at Darnath located in Varanasi. Varanasi is a pilgrimage site for Jains& Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists.

B$DE1O2RAPHY

According to census >*44 Varanasi had population of 3&-0-&1)4 of which male and female were 4&6>4&1A0 and 4&0A)&61) respecti ely and the density of Varanasi on >*44 is >&36A people per s3. ,m. A erage literacy rate of Varanasi is 0A.-* of which male and female literacy were 13.01 and --.-6 respecti ely and the Dex ;atio in Varanasi& is 643 per 4*** male.

3$ Cultur& a ! Cui'i & "# *ara a'i Varanasi is a culture and traditional capital of (ndia. The city of Varanasi showcases great pride in its rich tradition and culture that is part of e ery indi idual of this city. The way festi als are celebrated in Varanasi is of cultural and traditional alue. 2 ery month there is some fair or festi al being celebrated in Varanasi li,e #uddha /urnimaF mar,s the birth of @ord #uddha= 5ahashi ratriF to worship the @ord Dhi a= Hanuman ?ayantiF Hindus

celebrating the birth of @ord Hanuman= 'e 'eepa aliF thousands of de otees light 4*** earthen lamps to respect ;i er %anga= ;amF@eelaF telling the story of @ord ;am and $ther common festi als celebrated in Varanasi are Holi& 'iwali& :a ratri& 'usshera& etc. many tourists main purpose of isiting the city is to experience the cultural e ents& festi als etc. ?ust li,e its rich culture and tradition Varanasi is e3ually famous for its rich ariety of foods and cuisines. /eople of Varanasi prefers cultural and traditional food against the fast foods. /eople in Varansi ha e brea,fast with !alebi and dahi and samosa and dahi with chutney& in the e ening they prefer to ha e a full plate of tasty chaat and in the summer season people drin, lassi. The streets of Varanasi present the tourist with the most famous food li,e the snow cone& roasted peanuts& delicious chat & /ani /uri& Eachoris& Aloo Ti,,i& @assi& #aati .ho,ha and ariety of sweets li,e ?alebis& #anarasi Eala,and& ;abri& /aan etc. #esides the traditional food in Varanasi there are a number of restaurants that offers (ndian& .hinese& ?apanese& .ontinental& 5exican& %ree, and DouthF (ndian cuisine.

H". t" r&ac% *ara a'i

Varanasi is one of the most popular tourist destinations of (ndia and the world. Varanasi is isited by (ndian tourists and foreign tourists Varanasi has a wellFde eloped transport networ, and is well connected to all the ma!or (ndian cities and states by air& road and rail due to tourist inflow being high in Varanasi.

B, R"a!
Tra elling by road in a bus or car is ad isable in case you are tra elling from a short distance. There are many pri ate and public tourist buses that tra el around all the ma!or towns of Cttar /radesh and nearby areas. & Varanasi has a good networ, of roads to pro ide con inent tra el for tourism.

B, Rail
Varanasi is connected by a good railway networ, connecting almost all the ma!or cities of (ndia li,e 'elhi& Eol,ata& 5umbai and other parts of (ndia. There are two main railway stations in Varanasi& the Eashi ?unction and the Varanasi ?unction where one can get down at while tra elling by rail.

B, Air
Varanasi is well connected and accessible to ma!or (ndian cities by air. Varanasi has an airport located in #abatpur. There are daily domestic flights to and from Varanasi to se eral cities in (ndia Tourist places in aranasi

1$P"i t' O# T"uri'+ I tr&'t 1$Bharat Kala Bhavan

#harat Eala #ha an is located inside the campus #anras Hindu Cni ersity (#HC) it is an art and architecture museum and houses a ast collection of paintings. The museum displays (ndiaGs heritage and preser es the past through great collection of miniature paintings from the courts of 5ughals and other Eingdoms. Dome of the important sections in the #harat Eala #ha an are Chhavi (Painting Gallery), archaeological gallery, sculpture gallery, Mahamana Malaviya gallery, decorative art gallery and Banaras through ages gallery. 2. The Banaras Hindu niversity The Banaras Hindu niversity or BH is one o! the largest residential universities in the "orld. The Banaras Hindu niversity or BH is an internationally reputed niversity and is situated in #aranasi. BH is $ounded %y Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya in &'&(, "ho "as the great nationalist leader. )ver a period o! time, it has developed into one o! the greatest centers o! learning in *ndia %y producing large num%er o! reno"ned scholars, artists and scientists. The BH cover an area o! &+,- acres "ith "ell maintained roads and e.tensive greenery all over campus. BH comprises o! + *nstitutes, / *nterdisciplinary Centers, &/ !aculties, &2/ departments and + Constituent 0chools. 1 total o! more than 2-,--students study here and that too !orm +/ di!!erent nations. The main campus has around (- hostels !or students, a central li%rary, Malviya Bhavan, a multi2specialty hospital, a museum (Bharat 3ala Bhavan), sports !acilities, and a !e" entertainment venues. 4ith the campus, there is a spectacular temple called the 5e" #ish"anath temple. +. 6antar Mantar 6antar Mantar in #aranasi is 7ocated on the Ghats o! the 8iver Ganges is one o! the most reno"ned and %eauti!ully sculpted o%servatories o! *ndia. The passion and love !or astronomy and technology gave %irth to this %eauti!ul architectural "onder constructed %y The Mahara9a o! 6aipur, 6ai 0ingh in &:+:. The 6antar Mantar "as %uilt to measure the local time, The 6antar Mantar at #aranasi has several masonry instruments to record the motion, speed and properties starts and planets and study astronomy that are accurate and can still %e used e!!iciently today. 1 visit to the 6antar Mantar o! #aranasi "ill sho"case a sense o! imperial architecture and the presence o! technology %eing used since the &:th century. ).

Ramnagar Fort

Ra+ a(ar #"rt .a' 0uilt i 11th century by 5ahara!a #alwant Dingh as his residential palace. The ;amnagar fort lies about 4) ,m from Varanasi and is situated on the opposite

ban, of ri er %anga. (t is the ancestral home of the 5ahara!a of #anaras. The fort is built in red sandstone with the fine blend of Indian and Islamic style of architecture and has a temple and a museum. The ;amnagar fort museum displays the ;oyal collection which includes palan3uins made of sil er and ivory, brocade costumes, weapons etc. An interesting item housed here is the G'haram %hariH which is a huge cloc, which shows the time& day& wee, and year& astronomical facts about the moon& sun and constellation of stars.

4$ SARNATH
Sarnath is about 1 !m from the city of "aranasi and it is the place where #ord Buddha delivered his first sermon. $he celebrated Mantra, %Buddham Sharanam &achhami%, is originated from Sarnath. Sarnath is one of the most respected and renowned Buddhist and Jainism places. In sarnath there are many Buddhist monuments which are 'hame!ha stupa, the (hau!handi stupa and monasteries and temples of different schools of Buddhism from (hina, $hailand, Japan, Burma and other countries.

Sarnath Museum
has a rich collection of sculptures and artifacts comprising numerous Buddha and Bodhisattva images. the single most famous display of this museum is the lion capital. )mong the things to see is a beautiful sculpture of the Buddha from the fifth century. $he Buddha sits cross*legged, with eyes downcast in deep meditation, and a halo around his head. )lso worth e+ploring are several beautiful figures of the bodhisattvas. ,f other Buddhist remains there is an impressive and ama-ingly beautiful, life*si-e standing Bodhisattva and a delicate image of the Bodhisattva with a lotus and yet another bron-e sculpture showing the Bodhisattva with multiple arms. $he main attraction of the Sarnath Museum is the superb )sho!an .illar. It has four bac!*to*bac! lions, which has been adopted as the /ational symbol of India. Below this are representations of a lion, an elephant, horse and the bull.

xThe Ashoka Lion Capital is the national symbol of India. $he Sarnath pillar is
a column surmounted by a capital, which consists of a canopy representing an inverted bell*shaped lotus flower, a short cylindrical abacus with four 01*spo!ed 'harma wheels with four animals 2an elephant, a bull, a horse, a lion3.

Sarnath Buddhist Temples

$here are large number of Buddhist temples at Sarnath which are built and maintained by mon!s from $ibet, (hina and Japa. $he main Buddhist temple is the Mulagandha!uti "ihar and the main shrine is called as Mulaganda!uti and it is said to be located at the place where Buddha used to stay during his visits to Sarnath. $here is a carved sandstone railing inside the temple. $here are paintings on the walls of this temple by Japanese artist 4osetsu /osu. Buddhist services are conducted there. Besides the Mulagandha!uti "ihara temple there are (hinese, Burmese and Jain temples nearby.

Chaukhandi Stupa
(hau!handi Stupa is one of the important Buddhist Stupas at Sarnath. It is a lofty mound of bric!, whose s5uare edifice is surrounded by an octagonal tower. $he (hau!handi Stupa is said to be originally a terraced temple during the &upta period 21th to 6th (entury3. &ovardhan, the son of 7a8a $odarmal, gave the present shape to the (hau!handi Stupa. He built an octagonal tower to commemorate the visit of Humayun, the great Mughal ruler. (hau!handi Stupa was built to mar! the place where #ord Buddha met his first disciples as he traveled from Bodh &aya to Sarnath. $oday, the (hau!handi stupa stands neatly in lush green lawns, well maintained by the )rchaeological Survey of India. 'raped in the calmness and mystery of history, the (hau!handi Stupa forms a gateway to the Buddhist city of Sarnath.

Dhamekh Stupa
$he 'hame!h Stupa is the most remar!able and massive structure at Sarnath. Built partly in stone and partly in bric!, the 'hame!h Stupa is 09 meter in diameter at the base and 1:.6 meter in height. $he stone facing the lower part is decorated with delicate floral carvings of &upta period. 'hame!h Stupa has a particular significance at Sarnath as it signifies the place where buddha delivered his first sermon. $he present name 'hame!h proves that it certainly has some connection with Buddha%s 'harma. )ccording to the )rchaeologists, the 'hame!a might have been the Stupa built by )sho!a to mar! the spot where #ord Buddha preached the 'harmacha!rapravartana 2set in motion the wheel of law3 for the first time to his five disciples.

Dharmrajika Stupa
'harmra8i!a Stupa is believed to be the site where the Buddha gave his first sermon. $he 'harmra8i!a Stupa was pulled down in the 19th century by an officer of the Mahara8a of Benaras who was loo!ing for building material for constructing a ba-aar. )t present the %'harmra8i!a Stupa%, built by the great Mauryan ;mperor )sho!a 20<:*0:0 B.(.3 is in complete ruins. $he stupa was enlarged five times during different periods and empires. In the eighteenth century, during the reign of 7a8a (het Singh of Benaras, the stupa was again pulled apart by his 'ewan, Jagat Singh.