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17.0 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

17.0 Photosynthesis
1) 17.1 2) 17.2 3) 17.3 4) 17.4 5) 17.5 Overview of photosynthesis Absorption spectrum of photosynthesis pigments Light Dependent Reaction Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle Alternative mechanisms of carbon Fixation : Hatch Slack (C4) and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathways

17.0 Photosynthesis
1) 17.1 2) 17.2 3) 17.3 4) 17.4 5) 17.5 Overview of photosynthesis Absorption spectrum of photosynthesis pigments Light Dependent Reaction Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle Alternative mechanisms of carbon Fixation : Hatch Slack (C4) and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathways

Learning outcomes :
17.1 Overview of Photosynthesis Give overall outline of photosynthetic process that lead to the production of glucose

Learning Outcomes : 17.1 : Give overall outline of photosynthetic process that leads to the production of glucose

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the synthesis of organic compounds from simple inorganic materials, namely carbon dioxide and water With the presence of chlorophyll that absorbs the light energy Whereby the light energy is converted to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compound such as proteins and lipids

Learning Outcomes : 17.1 : Give overall outline of photosynthetic process that leads to the production of glucose

It occurs in plants, algae and certain prokaryotes The overall equation for photosynthesis is : 6CO2 + 12H2O + 18ATP + 12NADPH ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O + 18ADP + 12NADP+ + 18Pi Oxygen is released as a by-product Photosynthesis is an endergonic process

Learning Outcomes : 17.1 : Give overall outline of photosynthetic process that leads to the production of glucose

CHLOROPLAST
Any green part of a plant has chloroplasts. However, the leaves are the major site of photosynthesis for most plants. There are about half a million chloroplasts per square millimeter of leaf surface. The color of a leaf comes from chlorophyll, the green pigment in the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll plays an important role in the absorption of light energy during photosynthesis.

Learning Outcomes : 17.1 : Give overall outline of photosynthetic process that leads to the production of glucose

Structure of Chloroplast

Learning Outcomes : 17.1 : Give overall outline of photosynthetic process that leads to the production of glucose

Chloroplasts are found mainly in mesophyll cells forming the tissues in the interior of the leaf. O2 exits and CO2 enters the leaf through microscopic pores, stomata, in the leaf. Veins deliver water from the roots and carry off sugar from mesophyll cells to other plant areas.

Learning Outcomes : 17.1 : Give overall outline of photosynthetic process that leads to the production of glucose

Each chloroplast has two membranes around a central aqueous space, the stroma. In the stroma are membranous sacs, the thylakoids.
These have an internal aqueous space, the thylakoid lumen or thylakoid space. Thylakoids may be stacked into columns called grana

17.0 Photosynthesis
1) 17.1 2) 17.2 3) 17.3 4) 17.4 5) 17.5 Overview of photosynthesis Absorption spectrum of photosynthesis pigments Light Dependent Reaction Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle Alternative mechanisms of carbon Fixation : Hatch Slack (C4) and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathways

Learning outcomes :
17.2 Absorption spectrum of photosynthetic pigments State the photosynthetic pigments involved in photosynthesis

Learning Outcomes : 17.2 : State the photosynthetic pigments involved in photosynthesis

PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts in which chlorophylls are the most important pigments. It gives the green colour to the plants Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs light energy and it is a mixture of pigments that comprises : Chlorophyll a (blue-green pigment) & chlorophyll b (yellow-green pigment) Some carotenoids : B-carotene (orange) & xanthophyll (yellow) Phaeophytin (grey)

Learning Outcomes : 17.2 : State the photosynthetic pigments involved in photosynthesis

Chlorophylls a : mainly absorbs light in blue-violet (430nm) and red (662 nm) region Chlorophylls b : absorbs light 453 nm and 642 nm Carotenoids : carotenes, xanthophylls, absorbs blueviolet region (460-550 nm)

Light absorption spectrum