=
105. Find the cutoff wavelength of a
waveguide with a dimension of 2 cm
by 4 cm.
Answer: 8 cm
106. Find the cutoff wavelength of a
circular waveguide with an internal
radius of 2 cm and a Bessel constant
kr = 1.84
Answer: 0.068 m or 6.8 cm
r
c
k
r t
2
= d
c
7 . 1 =
107. Find the group velocity for the
waveguide with a cutoff frequency of
3.75 GHz and operating at 5 GHz.
Answer: 198 x 10^6 m/s
2
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
f
f
c v
c
g
108. Find the characteristic impedance of
the waveguide used with a cutoff
frequency of 3.75 GHz at a frequency
of 5 GHz
Answer: 570 ohms
2
1
377
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
f
f
Z
c
o
109. Find the guide wavelength for the
waveguide used with a phase velocity
of 454 x 10^6 m/s at a frequency of
5 GHz
Answer: 9.08 cm
f
v
g
p
=
110. A microwave communication uses plane
reflector as passive repeaters. The
diameter of the parabolic antenna is
18 ft., while the effective area is
310 ft^2. Determine the reflector
coupling factor.
Answer: 0.906
2
4
ft
ft
A
D l
t
=
RADAR
111. Radar surface-angular measurements
are referenced to true north and
measured in what plane?
Horizontal Plane
112. The distance from a radar set to a
target measured along the line of
sight is identified by what term?
Range
113. How much time is required for
electromagnetic energy to travel 1
nautical mile and return to the
source?
12.36 microseconds
114. In addition to recovery time, what
determines the minimum range of a
radar set?
Pulse width
115. Atmospheric interference with the
travel of electromagnetic energy
increases with what rf energy
characteristic?
Frequency
116. How is prt related to prf?
1/prt = prf
117. What type of radar transmitter power
is measured over a period of time?
Average Power
118. What term is used to describe the
product of pulse width and pulse-
repetition frequency?
Duty Cycle
119. What type of target bearing is
referenced to your ship?
Relative bearing
120. What type of radar detects range,
bearing, and height?
Three-dimensional
121. What characteristic/s of radiated
energy is/are altered to achieve
electronic scanning?
Frequency or phase
122. What term is used to describe the
ability of a radar system to
distinguish between targets that are
close together?
Target resolution
123. The degree of bearing resolution for
a given radar system depends on what
two factors?
Beam width and range
124. What happens to the speed of
electromagnetic energy traveling
through air as the altitude
increases?
Speed increases
125. What term is used to describe a
situation in which atmospheric
temperature first increases with
altitude and then begins to decrease?
Temperature inversion
126. What radar subsystem supplies timing
signals to coordinate the operation
of the complete system?
Synchronizer
127. What radar component permits the use
of a single antenna for both
transmitting and receiving?
Duplexer
128. What is the simplest type of scanning?
Single lobe
129. What are the two basic methods of
scanning?
Mechanical and electronic
130. Rotation of an rf-feed source to
produce a conical scan pattern is
identified by what term?
Nutation
131. The Doppler effect causes a change in
what aspect of rf energy that
strikes a moving object?
Frequency
132. The Doppler variation is directly
proportional to what radar contact
characteristic?
Velocity
133. The Doppler method of object
detection is best for what type of
objects?
Fast-moving targets
134. The beat frequency in a swept-
frequency transmitter provides what
contact information?
Range
135. What factor determines the difference
between the transmitted frequency
and the received frequency in an FM
transmitter?
Travel Time
136. What type of objects are most easily
detected by an FM system?
Stationary
137. What transmission method does NOT
depend on relative frequency or
target motion?
Pulse Modulation
138. What transmission method uses a
stable CW reference oscillator,
which is locked in phase with the
transmitter frequency?
Pulse-Doppler
139. What type of radar provides
continuous range, bearing, and
elevation data on an object?
Track Radar
140. Radar altimeters use what type of
transmission signal?
Frequency Modulated (FM)
141. A surface-search radar normally scans
how many degrees of azimuth?
360 degrees
142. What limits the maximum range of a
surface-search radar?
Radar Horizon
143. What is the shape of the beam of a
surface-search radar?
Wide vertically, narrow horizontally
144. Why is the range capability of 3D
radar usually less than the range of
2D radar?
Higher operating frequency
145. Fire-control tracking radar most
often radiates what type of beam?
A narrow circular beam
146. Tracking radar searches a small
volume of space during which phase
of operation?
Acquisition
147. What width is the pulse radiated by
fire-control tracking radar?
Very Narrow
148. Which beam of missile-guidance radar
is very wide?
Capture Beam
149. What is the purpose of the
synchronizer in a radar system?
Controls system operation and timing
150. What is the purpose of the majority
of circuits in a radar system?
Timing and Control
151. A self-synchronized radar system
obtains timing trigger pulses from
what source?
Transmitter
152. What type of multivibrator can be
used as a radar master oscillator?
Free-running
153. In an externally synchronized radar,
what determines the prr of the
transmitter?
The Master Oscillator
154. Which of the basic timing circuits
produces sharp trigger pulses
directly?
Blocking oscillators
155. What are the two basic types of
transmitters?
Keyed oscillator and power-amplifier
chain
156. What controls transmitter pulse width?
Modulator
157. In addition to a flat top, what
characteristics must a modulator
pulse have?
Steep leading and training edges
158. What type of modulator is most
commonly used in modern radar
systems?
Line-pulsed
159. What type of tube best meets the
requirements of a modulator
switching element?
Thyratron
160. What modulator element controls the
rate at which the storage element
charges?
Charging Impedance
161. What two forms of instability are
common in magnetrons?
Mode Skipping and Mode Shifting
162. What is the effect on magnetron
operation if the magnetic field
strength is too high?
Magnetron will not oscillate
163. What is the typical frequency range
about the center frequency of a
tunable magnetron?
5 percent
164. What is the primary advantage of
power-amplifier transmitters over
keyed-oscillator transmitters?
Frequency Stability
165. What type of klystron is used as the
final stage of a power-amplifier
transmitter?
Multicavity Klystron
166. What transmitter component allows the
radiation of a large number of
discrete frequencies over a wide
band?
Frequency Synthesizer
167. What is the greatest limiting factor
in a receivers detectable range?
Noise
168. What type of receiver is most often
used in radar system?
Superheterodyne
169. What IF frequencies are normally used
in radar receivers?
30 or 60 MHz
170. Which component of the receiver
produces the signal that is mixed
with the received signal to produce
the IF signal?
Local Oscillator
171. What receiver circuit actually
produces the IF frequency?
Mixer
172. The IF amplifiers are connected in
what amplifier configuration?
Cascade
173. Which receiver component converts the
IF pulses to video pulses?
Detector
174. What type of target has a fixed phase
relationship from one receiving
period to the next?
Stationary
175. What signal is used to synchronize
the coherent oscillator to a fixed
phase relationship with the
transmitted pulse?
Coho Lock Pulse
176. What is the phase relationship
between the delayed and undelayed
video?
Opposite
177. A monopulse receiver has how many
separate channels?
Three
178. If a target is on the bearing axis of
the radiated beam, what is the input
to the bearing IF channel?
Zero
179. What characteristic of the bearing
and elevation output signals
determines the direction of antenna
movement?
Phase
180. What are the three fundamental
quantities involved in radar
displays?
Range, Bearing, and Elevation
181. What coordinates are displayed on an
rhi scope?
Range and Elevation
182. What coordinates are presented on a
ppi scope?
Range and Bearing
183. What type of deflection is preferred
for a crt electron beam?
Electromagnetic
184. Which of the two types of deflection
coils (fixed or rotating) is used
most often?
Fixed
185. What type of ranging circuit is most
often used with a radar that
requires extremely accurate range
data?
Range gate or range step
186. The range sweep in a range-gate
generator is started at the same
time as what other pulse?
Transmitter
187. Range-marker generators produce
pulses based on what radar constant?
The radar mile (12.36 microseconds)
188. What radar scope uses a range step
for range measurement?
The A Scope
189. Which of the two general classes of
antennas is most often used with
radar?
Directional
190. The power gain of an antenna is
directly related to what other
antenna property?
Directivity
191. A parabolic reflector changes a
spherical wavefront to what type of
wavefront?
Plane
192. How many major lobes are produced by
a paraboloid reflector?
One
193. What type of radiator normally drives
a corner reflector?
Half-wave
194. The broadside array consists of a
flat reflector and what other
elements?
Two or more half-wave dipoles
195. Horn radiators serve what purpose
other than being directional
radiators?
Waveguide impedance matching devices
196. The spectrum of a radar transmitter
describes what characteristic of the
output pulse?
Frequency Distribution
197. Where should the transmitter spectrum
be located with respect to the
receiver response curve?
In the center
198. The ideal radar spectrum has what
relationship to the carrier
frequency?
Symmetrical above and below the
carrier frequency
199. The display screen of a spectrum
analyzer presents a graphic plot of
what two signal characteristics?
Power and Frequency
200. The peak power of radar depends on
the interrelationship of what other
factors?
Average Power, Pulse Width, and prt
201. Transmitter power readings are most
often referenced to what power level?
1 milliwatt
202. Receiver bandwidth is defined as
those frequencies spread between
what two points of the receiver
response curve?
Half-power points
203. What type of cooling is used to
control ambient room temperature?
Air conditioning
204. A typical liquid-cooling system is
composed of what loops?
Primary and Secondary
205. A pulsed magnetron with an average
power of 1.2 kW and a peak power of
18.5 kW. One pulse is generated
every 10 ms. Find the duty cycle and
the length of a pulse.
D = 6.5% ; T = 0.65 ms
D P P
peak ave
=
TOTAL
ON
cycle
T
T
D =
PRR
PW
D
cycle
=
206. A radar transmitter has a power of 10
kW and operates at a frequency of
9.5 GHz. Its signal reflects from a
target 15 km away with a radar cross
section of 10.2 square meters. The
gain of the antenna is 20 dBi.
Calculate the received signal power.
10.1 fW
( )
( )
4 3
2 2
4
m
T
R
r
G P
P
t
o
=
207. Find the Doppler shift caused by a
vehicle moving toward a radar at 60
mph, if the radar operates at 10 GHz.
1.778 kHz
c
f v
f
i r
D
2
=