Activities For Learner-Centered Teaching

ACTIVITIES FOR LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING
EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING DEPARTMENT

1050 West Bristol Rd. Flint, MI 48507
2009 BAKER C
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E##e$ti%e &e'$(in) 'nd !e'rnin) *e+'rt,ent Cont'$t -s 't etl./'0er.edWe/site1 (tt+122333./'0er.ed-2de+'rt,ents2etl2,'in.$#,
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!ack"ro#n$ Infor%ation 24444444... !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in)1 Be$o,in) ' !i#elon) !e'rner 64444444... 7sin) A$ti%e !e'rnin) 8tr'te)ies in !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in) 44444444... Criti$'l &(in0in) &'0es 8t-dents *ee+er in &(eir !e'rnin) 54444444... &(e I,+ort'n$e o# Re#le$tion in !e'rnin) 94444444... As0in) Better :-estions I,+ro%es !e'rnin) 9&&&&&&&'''"eneri$ :-estion 8te,s 74444444... 8-))estions #or 7sin) !e'rnin) A$ti%ities 84444444... Models #or E%'l-'tin) 8t-dent ;er#or,'n$e in !e'rnin) A$ti%ities 94444444... Inde< o# !e'rnin) A$ti%ities "ro-+ed /= !e'rnin) 8tr'te)= 104444444. Inde< o# !e'rnin) A$ti%ities >Al+('/eti$'ll=? 11562&&&&& A$ti%ities A((en$ice 664444444 A++endi< A @ Re%ised Bloo,As &'<ono,= o# Criti$'l &(in0in) 644444444 A++endi< B @ B'$0)ro-nd on 7sin) ;ro/le,5B'sed !e'rnin) A$ti%ities 654444444 A++endi< C @ 8-,,'r= o# Cl'ssroo, Assess,ent &e$(niB-es >CA&s? 694444444 A++endi< * @ Cl'ss 8ession 2 7nit *esi)n &e,+l'te 4054644444 Re#eren$es 'nd Addition'l Reso-r$es
A$ti%ities #or !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in), Re%ised 12209 1
Learner-Centere$ Teac)in"* !eco%in" a Life+on" Learner

A +'r'di), s(i#t is o$$-rrin) in ed-$'tion1 &(e s(i#t #ro, t(e te'$(er /ein) t(e C$enter o# t(e $l'ssroo,D to ' +ri,'r= #o$-s on w)et)er or not t)e t#$ent i +earnin". ne 'rti$le re#ers to t(e te'$(erAs role 's $('n)in) #ro, /ein) t(e Cs')e on t(e st')e, to t(e )-ide on t(e side.D (King, 1993) In le'rner5$entered te'$(in), t(e res+onsi/ilities o# ,ot) t(e te'$(er 'nd t(e le'rner $('n)e, 3it( t(e -lti,'te )o'l o# t(e st-dent /e$o,in) ' Cli#elon) le'rner.D Note* T)i (ara$i"% )ift wi++ re-#ire c)an"e for ,ot) t)e t#$ent .w)o are # e$ to ,ein" to+$ ever/t)in"0 an$ t)e teac)er .w)o are # e$ to te++in" t#$ent w)at t)e/ nee$ to know0'
!e'rner5$entered te'$(in) #o$-ses 'ttention sB-'rel= on le'rnin)1 w)at t(e st-dent is le'rnin), )ow t(e st-dent is le'rnin), t)e con$ition -nder 3(i$( t(e st-dent is le'rnin), 3(et(er t(e st-dent is a((+/in" t(e le'rnin), 'nd (o3 c#rrent +earnin" +ositions t(e st-dent #or f#t#re +earnin".
W(en te'$(in) is le'rner5$entered, t(e '$tion #o$-ses on 3('t t(e st-dents >not t(e te'$(ers? 're doin)4.&(is le'rner5$entered orient'tion '$$e+ts, $-lti%'tes, 'nd /-ilds on t(e -lti,'te res+onsi/ilit= t('t st-dents ('%e #or t(eir o3n le'rnin). W(en te'$(in) is le'rner5$entered, $ontent is used, not covered. Co-rse $ontent 2 $-rri$-l-, is not t(e endE it is t(e means to t(e end. *onAt 'ss-,e t('t /e$'-se te'$(ers ('%e t'-)(t, t('t st-dents ('%e le'rned. &(is is not onl= '/o-t (o3 te'$(ers need to /e$o,e le'rner5$entered te'$(ers, /-t 'lso te'$(in) t(e st-dents to /e$o,e le'rner5$entered le'rners.
&(e +'r'di), s(i#t to le'rner5$entered te'$(in) $'n /e s-,,ed -+ 3it( t(e #ollo3in) se%en +rin$i+les, 's dis$-ssed in Learner-Centered Teaching /= M'r=ellen Wei,er1 Princi(+e 1* Teac)er Do Learnin" Ta k Le !e'rners do ,ore o#1 r)'niFin) t(e $ontent 8-,,'riFin) t(e dis$-ssion "ener'tin) t(e e<',+les 8ol%in) +ro/le,s As0in) t(e B-estions Constr-$tin) di')r',s Ans3erin) t(e B-estions Princi(+e 2* Teac)er Do Le Te++in"3 St#$ent Do More Di coverin" &(is is C,essier,D in t('t $l'ssroo,s ,'= /e Clo-der,D it ,'= t'0e lon)er #or st-dents to C)etD $on$e+ts, 'nd t(e te'$(er le'rns ne3 te'$(in) ,et(ods. 8t-dents +ro)ressi%el= t'0e ,ore res+onsi/ilit= #or t(eir le'rnin) t(ro-)( dis$o%erin), 'nd C-n$o%erin)D 3('t t(e= need to 0no3.
Princi(+e 4* Teac)er Do More De i"n 5ork .of activitie an$ +earnin" e6(erience 0 E##e$ti%e 'ssi)n,ents 'nd '$ti%ities, 3(i$( 're desi)ned to (el+ st-dents1 In$re'se le'rnin) s0ills >le'rnin) C(o3 toD le'rn? Moti%'te st-dent in%ol%e,ent 'nd +'rti$i+'tion *is$o%er 3or0 t('t is rel'ted to t(e dis$i+line2re'l 3orld *e%elo+ $ontent 0no3led)e, le'rnin) s0ills, 'nd '3'reness Princi(+e 7* Fac#+t/ Do More Mo$e+in" *e,onstr'te #or st-dents (o3 'n e<+ert '++ro'$(es ' le'rnin) t's0, 'nd (o3 =o+ro/le, sol%e. Princi(+e 8* Fac#+t/ Do More to Get St#$ent Learnin" fro% an$ wit) Eac) Ot)er 7se $oll'/or'ti%e '$ti%ities 'nd $oo+er'ti%e )ro-+s #or le'rnin). Princi(+e 9* Fac#+t/ 5ork to Create C+i%ate for Learnin" Cre'te le'rnin) en%iron,ents $ond-$i%e to st-dents t'0in) res+onsi/ilit= #or t(eir o3n le'rnin). Princi(+e :* Fac#+t/ Do More wit) Fee$,ack Feed/'$0 is not G-st '/o-t )r'des, /-t 'lso in#or,'l 'nd (el+s st-dents le'rn #ro, ,ist'0es. (Weimer, 2002)
; in" Active Learnin" Strate"ie in Learner-Centere$ Teac)in"

8o, i# le$t-re is not t(e +ri,'r= instr-$tion'l ,et(od, 3('t isH !e'rner5$entered te'$(in) -tiliFes C'$ti%e le'rnin) str'te)ies,D o#ten re#erred to 's Ce<+erienti'l le'rnin).D !e'rners 're re)-l'rl= +resented 3it( t's0s, 3(et(er it /e +ro/le,s to sol%e, o++ort-nities to dis$-ss, ('nds5on +roGe$ts, si,-l'tions, et$. IMPORTANT* Don<t $o an activit/ =># t to $o? an activit/' It s(o-ld /e $onne$ted in so,e 3'= to t(e le'rnin) t('t =o- 3'nt to o$$-r, 3(et(er itAs s+e$i#i$ to t(e 8t-dent !e'rnin) -t$o,es >8! s? or $riti$'l t(in0in) s0ills. Al3'=s tie it /'$0 to t(e le'rnin). Kol/As Model o# E<+erienti'l !e'rnin) +ro%ides one o# t(e #o-nd'tions #or t(is ,odel o# (o3 le'rnin) o$$-rs in t(e $l'ssroo,. Note t)at it i an on"oin" c/c+e of +earnin" .not on+/ for t)e t#$ent@ ,#t a+ o for t)e teac)erA0 1
Ko !"s #ode o$ %&'erientia Learning (Ko !, 19()) A$ti%ities #or !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in), Re%ised 12209 6
&(is ,odel o# le'rnin) #ollo3s t(ese ste+s1 1. Action B Activit/- &(e le'rner +er#or,s so,e t=+e o# '$ti%it= rel'ted to t(e lesson or s-/Ge$t. 2. Ref+ection- &(e le'rner re#le$ts '/o-t 3('t t(e= did 'nd 3('t ('++ened 's ' res-lt o# t(eir '$ti%it=. &(is $'n /e in one o# se%er'l #or,s1 #ree 3ritin), Go-rn'lin), or s,'ll or l'r)e )ro-+ dis$-ssions. 6. Cnow+e$"eBt)eor/- &(e le'rner -ses t(e res-lts o# t(e re#le$tion to de%elo+ 0no3led)e 'nd t(eories, 3(i$( (el+s #-rt(er t(e le'rnin) +ro$ess /e$'-se t(e le'rner is $on$e+t-'liFin) t(eir o3n t(eories, not G-st '$$e+tin) t(e t(eor= o# t(e instr-$tor. 4. P+annin"- B'sed on t(e le'rnerAs t(eories, t(e= +l'n 3('t to do ne<t 'nd 'nti$i+'te t(e res-lts o# #-rt(er '$ti%it=. &(is +ro$ess ,o%es t(e le'rner into t(e (i)(er le%els o# t(in0in) t('n ,erel= re$'ll2re$ite #'$ts or in#or,'tion.
Critica+ T)inkin" Take St#$ent Dee(er in T)eir Learnin"

E,+lo=ers 're loo0in) #or )r'd-'tes 3(o $'n +ro/le,5sol%e, 0no3 (o3 to 3or0 in te',s, 're #le<i/le, ('%e stron) inter+erson'l s0ills, 'nd 3(o $'n -se C(i)(er le%el t(in0in).D We 3'nt st-dents to ,o%e #ro, Cs-r#'$e5le%elD le'rnin) to Cdee+ le'rnin),D 3(i$( is ' #'$et o# /ein) ' li#elon) le'rner. !e'rner5$entered te'$(in) #o$-ses on de%elo+in) $riti$'l t(in0in) s0ills, /= intention'll= $('llen)in) t(e st-dents to do ,ore t('n G-st re$'ll #'$ts 'nd #i)-res. W(en 3's t(e l'st ti,e =o-r /oss 's0ed =o- to $o,+lete ' ,-lti+le5$(oi$e t's0H &(e ,ost $o,,on #r',e3or0 -sed to e<+l'in dee+er le%els o# $riti$'l t(in0in) is t(e one de%elo+ed /= BenG',in Bloo,, in 1959. The Ta&onom* o$ %ducationa +!,ectives des$ri/ed 'nd e<+lored si< le%els o# $riti$'l t(in0in) in t(e $o)niti%e do,'in. In 2001, t(is t'<ono,= 3's re%ised /= Anderson 'nd Kr't(3o(l, in$or+or'tin) ne3 0no3led)e. Essenti'll=, t(e si< le%els o# $riti$'l t(in0in) in$l-de1 Re%e%,erin"* -etrieving, recogni.ing, and reca ing re evant /no0 edge $rom ong-term memor*. ;n$er tan$in"* Constructing meaning $rom ora , 0ritten, and gra'hic messages through inter'reting, e&em' i$*ing, c assi$*ing, summari.ing, in$erring, com'aring, and e&' aining. A((+/in"* Carr*ing out or using a 'rocedure through e&ecuting, or im' ementing. Ana+/Din"* 1rea/ing materia into constituent 'arts, determining ho0 the 'arts re ate to one another and to an overa structure or 'ur'ose through di$$erentiating, organi.ing, and attri!uting.
Eva+#atin"* #a/ing ,udgments !ased on criteria and standards through chec/ing and criti2uing. Creatin"* 3utting e ements together to $orm a coherent or $unctiona 0ho e4 reorgani.ing e ements into a ne0 'attern or structure through generating, ' anning, or 'roducing. 5it)in +earner-centere$ teac)in"@ a %a>or e%()a i )o#+$ ,e to )e+( t#$ent (ro"re in t)eir critica+ t)inkin" ki++ ' In A((en$i6 A@ a c)art i (rovi$e$ t)at f#rt)er $e cri,e eac) +eve+ of critica+ t)inkin"@ a+on" wit) ver, t)at can ,e # e$ in a i"n%ent @ (ro>ect @ an$ $i c# ion @ a+on" wit) (otentia+ t#$ent =(ro$#ct ? t)at wi++ re-#ire t)e # e of t)e vario# +eve+ of critica+ t)inkin"'
T)e I%(ortance of Ref+ection in Learnin"

In Kol/As ,odel '/o%e, re#le$tion is one o# t(e $r-$i'l ste+s o# le'rnin). Wit(o-t re#le$tion, le'rnin) doesnAt o$$-r. A)'in, t(is is not '/o-t (o3 to C,e,oriFe 'nd re$'llD in#or,'tion. ItAs '/o-t $onne$tin), inte)r'tin), 'nd s=nt(esiFin) e<+erien$es, in#or,'tion, t(o-)(ts, 'nd #eelin)s 3it( re'l5li#e '++li$'tion. Re#le$tion is t(e /rid)e /et3een 3('t C('++ensD 'nd (o3 it )ets '++lied in li#e. In (el+in) st-dents de%elo+ $riti$'l t(in0in) s0ills, re#le$tion is essenti'l. &(e B-estion t(en /e$o,es CIo3HD &(e 'ns3er is1 CIn ' n-,/er o# 3'=s.D Jo- 3ill ('%e so,e st-dents in =o-r $l'ssroo, 3(o 3ill need to re#le$t interna++/. #ten $'te)oriFed 's Cintro%erts,D t(ese le'rners need to +ro$ess t(eir in#or,'tion t(ro-)( t(in0in), Go-rn'lin), 'nd /= t(e,sel%es. In ot(er 3ords, intro%erts Ct(in0 to s+e'0.D Contr'st t(is 3it( t(e e<tro%erts, 3(o str-))le to +ro$ess in#or,'tion -nless t(e= 're doin) it e6terna++/, 'nd 3it( ot(er +eo+le. &(e= o#ten t(in0 's t(e= t'l0 >'nd so,eti,es t'l0 /e#ore t(e= t(in04?, 3(ere's intro%erts 3ill t=+i$'ll= t(in0 '/o-t 'n 'ns3er #or ' 3(ile /e#ore t(e= s+e'0 >i# t(e= s('re 't 'll?. In ot(er 3ords, t(e= Cs+e'0 to t(in0.D Eo# wi++ ,e a,+e to -#ick+/ o, erve w)o i w)o in /o#r c+a @ ,a e$ on w)o i t/(ica++/ an werin" -#e tion ver # w)o $oe not t/(ica++/ initiate an an wer' An$ /o# /o#r e+f (ro,a,+/ fit into one of t)e two cate"orie ' Keit(er is t(e C/estD 3'=, /-t $o,/ined, t(is +oses ' $('llen)e #or ' te'$(er1 Io3 to en)')e /ot( intro%erts 'nd e<tro%erts in =o-r $l'ss in t(e +r'$ti$e o# re#le$tin) on t(eir le'rnin)H &i+s #or en)')in) intro%erts 'nd e<tro%erts in dis$-ssion 'nd re#le$tion1 Kno3 =o-r o3n +re#eren$eL Address t(is iss-e 3it( =o-r st-dents. As0 t(e, to identi#= 3(ere t(e= 3o-ld $'te)oriFe t(e,sel%es. As0 t(e st-dents to identi#= (o3 t(e= /est $'n /e en)')ed >+ro%ide ' 3'= #or intro%erts to 3rite t(eir 'ns3ers do3nL?. Introvert E6trovert
;ro%ide dis$-ssion 2 re#le$tion B-estions '(e'd o# ti,e Allo3 ti,e #or t(e, to t(in0, re#le$t /e#ore t(e= 'ns3er W(en #'$ilit'tin) $l'ss or )ro-+ dis$-ssion, ,'0e s-re =o- C$(e$0 inD 3it( intro%erts to )et t(eir in+-t /e#ore t(e dis$-ssion ,o%es on ;ro%ide Cre#le$tion /re'0sD
ItAs o0'= to 'llo3 e<tro%erts to C+ro$essD or t(in0 o-t lo-dE en$o-r')e t(e, to do t(is B-ietl= in +'irs or t(rees to )i%e intro%erts s+'$e to t(in0 M'= need to $o'$( e<tro%erts to not s('re 's B-i$0l=, to let ot(ers ('%e ti,e to +ro$ess "i%e o++ort-nit= #or t(e, to Ct(in0 o-t lo-dD on (a(er /e#ore %er/'liFin) it
We ('%e +ro%ided ' list o# dis$-ssion 2 de/rie#in) 2 re#le$tion '$ti%ities in t(is +'$0et. Kote es+e$i'll= t(ose '$ti%ities listed in t(e CMo-rn'lin)D 'nd CRe#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in)D se$tions o# t(e inde<. Note* Ref+ection i a $i ci(+ine t)at i "oo$ for fac#+t/ a we++ a t#$ent ' Do /o# (ractice ref+ection on /o#r teac)in" an$ on /o#r own +earnin"F
A kin" !etter G#e tion I%(rove Learnin"

#ten t(e /i))est $('llen)e is to 0no3 (o3 to 's0 ,etter B-estions. ItAs e's= to )et $'-)(t in -sin) CJes 2 KoD 'nd C$losed5endedD B-estions. And st-dents 're -sed to )ettin) t(eseL 7n#ort-n'tel=, t(e= -s-'ll= donAt =ield B-'lit= dis$-ssions or re%e'l i# le'rnin) ('s '$t-'ll= o$$-rred. An o+en5ended B-estion is desi)ned to en$o-r')e ' #-ll, ,e'nin)#-l 'ns3er -sin) t(e s-/Ge$tNs o3n 0no3led)e 'nd2or #eelin)s. It is t(e o++osite o# ' c osed-ended 2uestion, 3(i$( en$o-r')es ' s(ort or sin)le53ord 'ns3er. +en5ended B-estions 'lso tend to /e ,ore o/Ge$ti%e 'nd less le'din) t('n $losed5ended B-estions. Cee( in %in$ t)at /o# %a/ want to )ave $i c# ion -#e tion in (air or %a++ "ro#( .7-80@ to "et %ore t#$ent invo+ve$ in t)e $i c# ion' Pair or "ro#( can t)en =re(ort o#t? to t)e re t of t)e c+a ' +en5ended B-estions t=+i$'ll= /e)in 3it( >or i,+l=? 3ords s-$( 's OW(=O 'nd OIo3O, or +(r'ses s-$( 's O&ell ,e '/o-t...O #ten t(e= 're not te$(ni$'ll= ' B-estion, /-t ' st'te,ent 3(i$( i,+li$itl= 's0s #or ' res+onse. E<',+les1 C+o e$-en$e$ G#e tion Io3 ,'n= 0ids 're in =o-r #',il=H *o =o- (o+e to )et ' Go/ '#ter =o-r )r'd-'teH 3o-ld li0e. *id =o- )et t(e 'ns3er ri)(tH O(en-en$e$ G#e tion &ell ,e '/o-t =o-r #',il=. *es$ri/e t(e 0ind o# Go/ =oIo3 did =o- )et to t('t 'ns3erH
In A((en$i6 A, =o-All #ind ' list o# %er/s t('t $orres+ond to t(e le%els o# $riti$'l t(in0in). &(ese $'n /e -sed to $r'#t o+en5ended dis$-ssion, re#le$tion, 'nd 'ssess,ent B-estions. An e<',+le o# (o3 to -se t(ese $riti$'l t(in0in) %er/s is in t(e #ollo3in) list o# "eneric -#e tion te% . Cee( t)i +i t )an$/A "eneri$ B-estion ste,s ser%e ' %'riet= o# +-r+oses. &('t $'n /e +ro%ided to st-dents 's 'n 'id in de%elo+in) re%ie3 or dis$-ssion B-estions, or t(e= $'n /e -sed to )ener'te B-estions 's +'rt o# 'n '$ti%it= or #or st-dent re#le$tion. (5da'ted $rom King, 1996 and %ndres, 2003)
Generic G#e tion Ste%
Co,+'re 4 'nd 4 3it( re)'rd to4 *es$ri/e 4 in =o-r o3n 3ords. *o =o- ')ree or dis')ree 3it( t(is st'te,ent4H W('t e%iden$e is t(ere to s-++ort =o-r 'ns3erH E<+l'in (o3... E<+l'in 3(=.... Io3 're 4 'nd 4 si,il'rH Io3 $o-ld 4/e -sed to 4H Io3 does ... '##e$t...H Io3 does 4 '++l= to e%er=d'= li#eH Io3 does 4 tie in 3it( 3('t 3e le'rned /e#oreH Io3 does...'++l= to e%er=d'= li#eH 8-,,'riFe 4 in =o-r o3n 3ords. W('t 're t(e i,+li$'tions o#...H W('t 're t(e stren)t(s 'nd 3e'0nesses o# 4H
W('t do 3e 'lre'd= 0no3 '/o-t...H W('t do =o- t(in0 $'-ses 4H W(=H W('t does 4 ,e'nH W('t is 4 'n'lo)o-s toH W('t is ' $o-nter5'r)-,ent #or 4H W('t is ' ne3 e<',+le o# 4H W('t is 'not(er 3'= to loo0 't 4H W('t is t(e /est 4 'nd 3(=H W('t is t(e $o-nter 'r)-,ent #or...H W('t is t(e di##eren$e /et3een 4 'nd 4H W('t is t(e ,e'nin) o#...H W('t is t(e n't-re o# 4H W('t is t(e sol-tion to t(e +ro/le, o# 4H W('t is...'n'lo)o-s toH W('t 3o-ld ('++en i# 4H W(= is 4 ('++enin)H W(= is 4 i,+ort'ntH
S#""e tion for ; in" Learnin" Activitie

Kee+ in ,ind t('t doin) '$ti%ities CG-st to do '$ti%itiesD 3ill not 'id t(e le'rnin) +ro$ess. *i##erent '$ti%ities 're -se#-l #or di##erent +-r+oses in te'$(in), /-t so,e '$ti%ities $'n /e -sed #or ,ore t('n one +-r+ose. More $o,+le< '$ti%ities 'nd or $o,/in'tions o# '$ti%ities 3ill t'0e lon)er t('n t(e ,ini,-, s-))ested ti,e. Kee+ in ,ind t('t t(e '$ti%ities $'n /e ,odi#ied, $o,/ined 3it( ot(er '$ti%ities, 'nd 2or t'ilored to ,eet =o-r s+e$i#i$ )o'ls. M'0e s-re t('t t(e '$ti%it= ('s ' +-r+ose dire$tl= tied to t(e $ontent /ein) t'-)(t. As =o- +l'n, (ere 're so,e t(in)s to 0ee+ in ,ind1 1' Fir t@ $eter%ine w)at conce(t. 0 /o# are tr/in" to teac)' .5)at $o /o# want t)e% to +earnF0 2' Secon$@ $eter%ine )ow /o# wi++ know if t)e conce(t )a ,een +earne$F 4' T)en@ $eter%ine w)ic) activit/ .or activitie 0 wi++ ,e t )e+( teac) t)at conce(t' (5da'ted $rom Wiggins and #cTighe, 2006) C('r'$teristi$s o# )ood '$ti%ities s(o-ld1 Rel'te to one or ,ore le'rnin) o-t$o,es or $riti$'l t(in0in) s0ills. .P;RPOSE0 Be '++ro+ri'te #or t(e le'rnin) o-t$o,es. >For e<',+le, it is %er= di##i$-lt #or ' st-dent to +r'$ti$e +ro/le, sol%in) on ' ,-lti+le5$(oi$e test.? Moti%'te 'nd en)')e st-dents. Inte)r'te 'ssess,ent 'nd #eed/'$0. .AL5AES REFLECT0 F'$ilit'te tr'ns#er to re'l 3orld '++li$'tions. ReB-ire st-dents to ,'0e de$isions /'sed on #'$ts, in#or,'tion, lo)i$, 'nd2or re'sonin) >*-$(, 2001? M'= reB-ire st-dents to deter,ine 3('t in#or,'tion is needed 'nd2or 3('t ste+s or +ro$ed-res need to /e t'0en >*-$(, 2001? M'= /e )i%en in st')es 3it( 'ddition'l in#or,'tion in t(e se$ond or l'ter st')es >*-$(, 2001? Be $o,+le< eno-)( to en)')e 3(ole )ro-+ dire$tl=. >*-$(, 2001? In$l-de t(e '++ro+ri'te in#or,'tion'l reso-r$es to s-++ort t(e le'rner s-$( 's le$t-re, te<t/oo0, rese'r$( ,'teri'ls, 'nd so on. *e+endin) on t(e -se o# ' s+e$i#i$ '$ti%it=, it ,'= not ,eet 'll o# t(ese $('r'$teristi$s. For e<',+le, 'n '$ti%it= -sed to 'ssess +rior st-dent 0no3led)e ,'= not ,eet t(e $riteri' o# +r'$ti$e 3it( le'rnin) $ontent 'nd tr'ns#er to re'l 3orld '++li$'tion. &(e s',e ,'= /e tr-e o# ' $ontent '$ti%it= -sed in +l'$e o# ' le$t-re 's ' 3'= #or st-dents to )ener'te t(e le'rnin) $ontent. Fin'll=1 A' !e creative' !' !e f+e6i,+e' C' Do /o#r own =ref+ection? after t)e activit/ to a e for it effectivene wo#+$ c)an"e@ )ow /o# %i")t # e it a"ain in t)e f#t#re'
@ w)at /o#
G:\Effective Teaching and Learning\Learner-Centered\Activities for Learner Centered Teaching
Mo$e+ for Eva+#atin" St#$ent Perfor%ance in Learnin" Activitie

ne o# t(e $('llen)es o# -sin) '$ti%e le'rnin) te$(niB-es is 3('t role t(e= +l'= in e%'l-'tin) st-dent +er#or,'n$e #or +-r+oses o# deter,inin) ' )r'de. Not a++ +earnin" activitie nee$ to ,e # e$ a (art of t)e t#$ent< "ra$e' Io3e%er, i# ' si)ni#i$'nt +'rt o# t(e $l'ss 3or0 in%ol%es '$ti%e le'rnin), t(is s(o-ld /e re#le$ted in st-dent )r'des. In so,e inst'n$es, st-dents ,'=/e ,ore ,oti%'ted i# t(e 3or0 3ill /e )r'ded. "r'din) +resents se%er'l $('llen)es, es+e$i'll= #or )ro-+ '$ti%ities. In 'n '$ti%e le'rnin) en%iron,ent, G-st li0e t(e re'l 3orld, 3e $'n le'rn t(e ,ost #ro, o-r ,ist'0es. 8t-dents need t(e #reedo, 'nd s'#et= to ,'0e ,ist'0es 3it(o-t #e'r o# t(e i,+'$t on t(eir $o-rse )r'de. In )ro-+ +roGe$ts, G-st li0e in re'l li#e, st-dents 're o#ten $on#ronted /= t(e C#ree5riderD +ro/le, o# ' )ro-+ ,e,/er 3(o does not $ontri/-te /-t s('res in t(e )ro-+ re3'rds. Ad%'n$ed +l'nnin) $'n red-$e t(is $on$ern /= e,+lo=in) ' )r'din) s=ste, t('t +ro%ides indi%id-'l 's 3ell 's )ro-+ '$$o-nt'/ilit=. Writin) 'ssi)n,ents 'nd ot(er +roGe$ts $o-ld /e B-i$0l= )r'ded -sin) ' s=ste, o# ,in-s >5?, $(e$0 >P?, 'nd +l-s >Q?. &(e ,in-s s=,/ol $'n /e -sed to denote 3or0 t('t does not ,eet 'll st'nd'rds, t(e $(e$0 t('t t(e 3or0 is '$$e+t'/le, 'nd t(e +l-s #or 3or0 t('t de,onstr'tes e<$ellen$e. For )r'din), t(ese ,'r0s $'n /e tr'nsl'ted into +oints s-$( 's 0 #or no 3or0, 1 #or ' ,in-s, 2 #or ' $(e$0, 'nd 6 #or ' +l-s. ;oints #ro, 'll Go-rn'ls or ot(er 3or0 $'n t(en /e tot'led 'nd inte)r'ted into t(e $o-rse )r'de. Iere 're so,e ,odels #or (o3 to '++ro'$( )r'din) o# le'rnin) '$ti%ities to $onsider1 Partici(ation* 8t-dents re$ei%e +'rti$i+'tion $redit #or +'rti$i+'tin) in 'n '$ti%it= Ma ter/ Learnin"* 8t-dents 're reB-ired to de,onstr'te ,'ster= o# 'n '$ti%it= /e#ore re$ei%in) $redit. >Ko one 3'nts to #l= 3it( t(e +ilot 3(o ('s not ,'stered l'ndin)sL? Cre$itBNo Cre$it* 8t-dents re$ei%e ' s$ore /'sed on 3(et(er or not t(e= '$(ie%ed ' ,ini,-, set o# st'nd'rds de#ined in 'd%'n$e /= t(e instr-$tor. &(is ,iti)'tes t(e $('llen)e o# $o,+'rin) t3o or ,ore st-dent +roGe$ts. R#,ric * A r-/ri$ +ro%ides ' det'iled /re'0do3n o# 3('t t(e $riteri' 're #or +er#or,'n$e 'nd 3('t t(e di##erent le%els o# +er#or,'n$e 're. &(is 'llo3s t(e 'ssi)n,ent o# ' di##erent )r'de #or di##erent +roGe$ts in ' 3'= t('t is $le'r, #'ir, 'nd o/Ge$ti%e to t(e st-dents. Ho#rna+ BPro"re Re(ort * Indi%id-'l or )ro-+ re#le$tion re+orts $'n /e -sed to 'ssess t(e le%el o# st-dent le'rnin) 'nd t(in0in) t('t is o$$-rrin) 's 3ell 's di##erent le%els o# in%ol%e,ent in ' )ro-+ +roGe$t. Pre entation * A )ro-+ or indi%id-'l $'n /e )r'ded on t(e +resent'tion o# ' +roGe$t r't(er t('n t(e +roGe$t itsel#. In$ivi$#a+ A i"n%ent * For ' )ro-+ +roGe$t, e'$( indi%id-'l $'n /e reB-ired to +rod-$e t(eir o3n +roGe$t #irst 's t(e /'sis #or 't le'st +'rti'l )r'din). &(e )ro-+ t(en s=nt(esiFes t(e indi%id-'l e##orts into ' $o,,on +roGe$t.
Learnin" Activitie Gro#(e$ ,/ Learnin" Strate"/

&(e #ollo3in) 're s-))ested $'te)ories to )et =o- st'rted. Jo- ,'= dis$o%er t('t di##erent '$ti%ities ('%e ,ore t('n one -se 'nd '++li$'tion o# te'$(in) str'te)=. Learnin" Strate"/ Po i,+e Activitie Inde< C'rd M't$( ne Min-te ;'+er 2 M-ddiest ;oint :-iF 8(o3 Re$onsiderin) 8$'%en)er I-nt &(in0 2 Write 2 ;'ir 2 8('re &(ree 8te+ Inter%ie3 Risi/le :-iF W('tH 8o W('tH Ko3 W('tH Inde< C'rd M't$( ne Min-te ;'+er 2 M-ddiest ;oint :-estion Cre'tion
C)eck for ;n$er tan$in"

(Wa*s to revie0 materia 4 can !e graded or not graded. %m'hasis is on 78ave students earned9:)
B'$0)ro-nd Kno3led)e ;ro/e Co,+'r'ti%e Ad%'n$e r)'niFer Con$e+t Re%ie3 *'t' An'l=sis *e#inin) Fe't-res M'tri< *ire$ted ;'r'+(r'sin) E<', ;re+'r'tion Mo-rn'ls Fo$-sed Free Writin) Fr',e 8enten$e F-t-rin) Con$e+t Re%ie3 *'t' An'l=sis *e#inin) Fe't-res M'tri< *ire$ted ;'r'+(r'sin)
C+a roo% A e %ent Tec)ni-#e .CAT0

(;imi ar to Chec/ $or <nderstanding4 can !e more $orma ) See Appendix C for 50 CATs
Critica+ T)inkin"
(8e 'ing students deve o' higher order thin/ing s/i s)
Di c#
ion
(%ngages students in earning through interaction 0ith each other and the materia )
Ho#rna+in"
(+''ortunities to re$ ect through 0riting)
An'l=ti$ Me,o Arti$le A/str'$t C'te)oriFin) "rid Con$e+t M'+ *e#inin) Fe't-res M'tri< F'il-re An'l=sis A$'de,i$ Contro%ersies Cl'ss *is$-ssion Fis(/o3l ;'irs C(e$0 ;'ss ' ;ro/le, ;ro 'nd Con "rid Conte,+or'r= Iss-es Mo-rn'ls *o-/le Entr= Mo-rn'l Fo$-sed Free Writin) A$ti%it= M'tri< B'rn)' Con$e+t M'+ F'il-re An'l=sis F-t-rin) "-ided5*is$o%er= !e'rnin) A#ter A$tion Re%ie3 Con$e+t Re%ie3 *o-/le Entr= Mo-rn'l Fo$-sed Free Writin) !'/or'tor= Kote/oo0
F-t-rin) "-ided5*is$o%er= !e'rnin) Met'$o)nition ;ro 'nd Con "rid :-estion Cre'tion Role ;l'= :-estion Cre'tion Rot'tin) &rio Ro-nd &'/le &(in0 2 Write 2 ;'ir 2 8('re &(ree 8te+ Inter%ie3 Fr',e 8enten$e +en5Ended Mo-rn'ls 8e,i5str-$t-red Mo-rn'ls Mi)s'3 Met'$o)nition ;'irs C(e$0 ;'ss ' ;ro/le, Role ;l'= +en5Ended Mo-rn'ls ;'irs C(e$0 Ro-nd &'/le W('tH 8o W('tH Ko3 W('tH
Pro,+e%-,a e$ Learnin"
(=or a more in-de'th discussion on 3ro! em!ased Learning, see 5''endi& 1)
Ref+ection B De,riefin"
(-e$ ecting on the earning that is ta/ing ' ace, and connecting to
$uture earning)
Learnin" Activitie In$e6e$ A+()a,etica++/

A$'de,i$ Contro%ersies444444444.411 A$ti%it= M'tri<444444444444444...12 A#ter A$tion Re%ie3444444444444...12 An'l=ti$ Me,o44444444444444.4.16 Arti$le A/str'$t444444444444.444.16 B'$0)ro-nd Kno3led)e ;ro/e444444416 B'rn)'44444444444444444444.14 C'te)oriFin) "rid4444444444444....19 Cl'ss *is$-ssion444444444444444.19 Co,+'r'ti%e Ad%'n$e r)'niFer4444.4.19 Con$e+t or Mind M'+44444444.444..17 Con$e+t Re%ie3444444444444.44418 Conte,+or'r= Iss-es Mo-rn'ls444.444418 *'t' An'l=sis4444444444444.444..18 *e#inin) Fe't-res M'tri<4444444.44..19 *ire$ted ;'r'+(r'sin)4444444444.4.19 *o-/le Entr= Mo-rn'l4444444444.44.20 E<', ;re+'r'tion Mo-rn'ls444444.44..20 F'il-re An'l=sis444444444444.444.21 Fis(/o3l4444444444444444.444.21 Fo$-sed Free Writin)44444444.444421 Fr',e 8enten$e44444444444.444422 F-t-rin)4444444444444444444...22 "-ided5*is$o%er= !e'rnin) 2 8t-dent Rese'r$(44444444444444426
"-ided Mo-rn'ls444.44444444
Inde< C'rd M't$(44444444444
Mi)s'34444444444444444
!'/or'tor= Kote/oo0444444444
!istenin) &e',s44444444444
Met'$o)nition >&(in0in) A/o-t &(in0in)?4
ne Min-te ;'+er 2 M-ddiest ;oint444
+en5Ended Mo-rn'ls444444444
;'irs C(e$04444444444444
;'ss ' ;ro/le,444444444444
;ro 'nd Con "rid44444444.444
:-estion Cre'tion44444444444
:-iF 8(o3 >'0' Meo+'rd=?4444444
Re$onsiderin)444444444444
Role ;l'=44444444444444
Rot'tin) &rio4444444444444
Ro-ndt'/le44444444444444
8$'%en)er I-nt444444444444
8e,i5str-$t-red Mo-rn'ls44444444
&(in0 2 Write 2 ;'ir 2 8('re4444444
&(ree 8te+ Inter%ie34444444444
Risi/le :-iF4444444444444
W('t, 8o W('t, Ko3 W('tH......................
ACTIVITIES
>ote? Wherever 'ossi! e, sources are cited $or the isted activities.
Aca$e%ic Controver ie
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* *is$-ssion 60 ,in-tes En'/les st-dents to -nderst'nd di##erent +oints o# %ie3 on ' +ro/le, 'nd +r'$ti$e re+resentin) ' +osition. 1. 8ele$t 'n iss-e t('t ('s t3o or ,ore 3ell de#ined +ositions s-$( 's +ro 'nd $on. 2. ;'ir -+ st-dents 'nd 'ssi)n e'$( +'ir ' +osition. 6. Assi)n e'$( +'ir t(e #ollo3in) t's0s1 '. Rese'r$( 'nd le'rn =o-r 'ssi)ned +ositionAs s-++ortin) 'r)-,ents 'nd in#or,'tion -sin) instr-$tor +ro%ided reso-r$es, t(e te<t/oo0, li/r'r= reso-r$es, 'nd 'ddition'l reso-r$es 's '++ro+ri'te. /. ;re+'re ' +ers-'si%e +resent'tion in s-++ort o# =o-r +osition. 4. "ro-+ +'irs so t('t e'$( )ro-+ ('s one +'ir re+resentin) e'$( +osition. 5. I'%e e'$( +'ir +resent t(eir +osition to t(e ot(ers in t(eir )ro-+. 9. ;ro%ide ti,es #or t(e )ro-+s to dis$-ss t(eir o++osin) +ositions in$l-din) 's0in) $('llen)in) B-estions, 's0in) #or d't' to s-++ort o++osin) +ositions, 'nd +ro%idin) $o-nter 'r)-,ents. 7. I'%e t(e +'irs s3it$( +ositions so t('t t(e= no3 re+resent t(e o++osin) %ie3+oint 's e##e$ti%el= 's t(e= $'n. 8t-dents s(o-ld 'dd 'ddition'l in#or,'tion 'nd identi#= 3('t t(e stron) +oints 're in e'$( %ie3+ointAs +osition. 8. Assi)n e'$( )ro-+ t(e t's0 o# $re'tin) ' re+ort t('t s=nt(esiFes 'll +ers+e$ti%es. 8t-dents s(o-ld no lon)er 'd%o$'te #or 'n= +osition, /-t 3or0 to)et(er to re'$( $onsens-s 'nd '++re$i'te t(e %'l-e o# 'll sides. &(e re+ort s(o-ld identi#= t(e stron)est 'r)-,ents #or 'll sides 'nd +resent ' $onsens-s %ie3+oint s-++orted /= #'$ts 'nd d't'. All )ro-+ ,e,/ers s(o-ld si)n t(e #in'l re+ort to s(o3 t(eir ')ree,ent. 9. "i%e ' B-iF t('t $o%ers 'll +ers+e$ti%es to e%'l-'te indi%id-'l -nderst'ndin) o# t(e +ers+e$ti%es. 10. 8t-dents s(o-ld re%ie3 (o3 3ell t(e )ro-+s #-n$tioned 'nd 3('t $o-ld /e i,+ro%ed #or 3or0in) t(ro-)( ot(er $ontro%ersies. Mo(nson 'nd Mo(nson, 1994
So#rce* Note *
Activit/ Matri6
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* n)oin), t(ro-)(o-t ' $l'ss session 's '++ro+ri'te Allo3s st-dents to ,'+ '$ti%it=, '++li$'tions, tools, +ro$esses, ,et(ods, et$. to 3(=23(en to -se +'rti$-l'r ite,s. 1. In t(e #irst $ol-,n, t(e st-dents list t(e '$ti%it=, et$. 2. In t(e se$ond $ol-,n t(e st-dents list 3(=23(en to -se t(e '$ti%it=, or (o3 it 3o-ld /e '++lied in ' re'l5li#e sit-'tion. %&am' e? Activit/ B A((+ication B Met)o$ etc' De cri(tion 5)en to ; e
After Action Review

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) 10515 ,in-tes An 'ltern'ti%e str-$t-re #or )ro-+ re#le$tion 'nd de/rie#in) '#ter 'n '$ti%it=. >8i,il'r to W('tH 8o W('tH Ko3 W('tH? 1. I'%e st-dents re%ie3 e%ents le'din) to t(e '$ti%it=. 2. I'%e st-dents )i%e ' /rie# st'te,ent o# t(e s+e$i#i$ '$ti%it=. 6. I'%e st-dents s-,,'riFe t(e 0e= e%ents. I'%e st-dents rest'te +ortions o# t(eir +'rt o# t(e '$ti%it=. En$o-r')e +'rti$i+'tion. 4. *o not t-rn it into ' $ritiB-e or le$t-re. &(e #ollo3in) 3ill (el+1 As0 3(= $ert'in '$tions 3ere t'0en. As0 (o3 t(e= re'$ted to $ert'in sit-'tions. As0 3(en '$tions 3ere initi'ted. As0 le'din) 'nd t(o-)(t +ro%o0in) B-estions. E<$('n)e O3'r storiesO >lessons le'rned?. As0 st-dents 3('t ('++ened in t(eir o3n +oint o# %ie3. Rel'te e%ents to s-/seB-ent res-lts. E<+lore 'ltern'ti%e $o-rses o# '$tions t('t ,i)(t ('%e /een ,ore e##e$ti%e. W(en t(e dis$-ssion t-rns to errors ,'de, e,+('siFe t(e +ositi%e 'nd +oint o-t t(e di##i$-lties o# ,'0in) to-)( de$isions.
5. 8-,,'riFe. 9. Allo3 te',s to dis$-ss t(e e%ents in t(eir te',s.

So#rce* Note *
7. Follo3 -+ on 're's t('t need ,ore re%ie3 or +r'$ti$e. >Ad'+ted #ro,? *e+'rt,ent o# t(e Ar,=, 1996 Es+e$i'll= 3ell s-ited #or -se '#ter +ro/le, /'sed le'rnin) '$ti%ities.
Ana+/tic Me%o
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Criti$'l &(in0in) Assi)n,ent 8t-dents 3rite ' one5 or t3o5+')e 'n'l=sis o# ' s+e$i#i$ +ro/le, or iss-e to (el+ in#or, ' de$ision5,'0er. 1. 8ele$t 3(i$( 'n'l=ti$ ,et(ods or te$(niB-es =o- 3is( to 'ssess. 2. !o$'te or $re'te ' t=+i$'l +ro/le, or sit-'tion #or t(e st-dents to 'n'l=Fe, in$l-din) t(e reB-ired /'$0)ro-nd in#or,'tion >or reB-irin) t(e, to rese'r$( it?. 6. *e%elo+ 'n 'ssi)n,ent s(eet t('t e<+l'ins t(e st-dentAs role in 3ritin) t(e ,e,o, t(e identit= o# t(e '-dien$e, t(e s+e$i#i$ s-/Ge$t to /e 'ddressed, t(e 'n'l=ti$ '++ro'$( to /e -sed, t(e len)t( reB-ired >-s-'ll= 152 +')es?, 'nd t(e 'ssi)n,ent de'dline. An)elo 'nd Cross, 1996
So#rce* Note *
Artic+e A, tract
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Criti$'l &(in0in) Assi)n,ent ;ro%ides '$ti%e str'te)= #or st-dents to re'd 'nd 'n'l=Fe 'rti$les in t(e dis$i+line. 1. Instr-$tor sele$ts 'n i,+ort'nt 'rti$le #ro, t(e dis$i+line /ein) st-died. 2. 8t-dents 3rite ' s-,,'r= or '/str'$t o# t(e 'rti$le. Be'n, 1999
So#rce* Note *
!ack"ro#n$ Cnow+e$"e Pro,e

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin), Cl'ssroo, Assess,ent &e$(niB-e 5510 ,in-tes &o identi#= t(e st-dentAs $-rrent 0no3led)e on ' +'rti$-l'r to+i$. Most o#ten -sed 's 'n '$ti%it= to '$ti%'te t(e le'rnin) +ro$ess. 1. ;re+'re t3o or t(ree o+en5ended B-estions or ' #e3 s(ort5'ns3er B-estions t('t 3ill +ro/e t(e st-dentsA e<istin) 0no3led)e o# t(e s-/Ge$t or to+i$. 2. 8t-dents $'n s-/,it t3o5t(ree senten$e 'ns3ers to e'$( B-estion.
So#rce* Note *
6. Colle$t t(ese +'+ers 'nd re%ie3 t(e st-dent 'ns3ers /e#ore $o%erin) t(e to+i$. An)elo 'nd Cross, 1996 &(e Generic G#e tion Ste% $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=. &(is $o-ld 'lso /e done in +'irs or )ro-+s
!arn"a
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Materia+ Nee$e$ .eac) ta,+e0* Co(/ of r#+e Deck of car$ .no face car$ 0 Poker c)i( or ot)er =token? .(a(er c+i( @ toot)(ick @ (o( ic+e tick @ etc'0 ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin) 45580 ,in-tes .!e #re to +eave eno#") ti%e to $e,rief0 &o ('%e st-dents le'rn ,ore '/o-t non5%er/'l $o,,-ni$'tion, te',3or0, +erson'l /i'ses, 'nd inter$-lt-r'l '3'reness 2 di%ersit=. 1. Arr'n)e t(e roo, so t('t t(ere 're se+'r'te +l'$es #or e'$( )ro-+ >'++ro<i,'tel= 4 to 5 st-dents +er )ro-+? to +l'= $'rds. 2. 8et ' $o+= o# t(e r-les 'nd ' de$0 o# $'rds >A510 onl=, no #'$e $'rds? 't e'$( t'/le. 6. !et t(e st-dents +l'= ' #e3 ro-nds to )et -sed to t(e r-les 't t(e t'/le, wit) ta+kin" a++owe$ 't e'$( t'/le. 4. &(en re,o%e t(e r-les #ro, e'$( t'/le, /-t $ontin-e to 'llo3 t'l0in). W'l0 'ro-nd to e'$( t'/le, ens-rin) t('t e'$( )ro-+ -nderst'nds t(e r-les 't t('t t'/le. Fro, no3 on, t(e 3inner o# e'$( tri$0 3ill re$ei%e one +o0er $(i+ >or to0en o# =o-r $(oi$e? B7& &A!KIK" I8 K W ;R IIBI&E*. 5. A#ter 'llo3in) ' #e3 ro-nds 3it(o-t t'l0in), ,'0e t(e +'rti$i+'nt 3(o 3on t(e ,ost tri$0s ,o%e $lo$03ise to t(e ne<t t'/le, 'nd t(e +'rti$i+'nt 3(o 3on t(e le'st n-,/er o# tri$0s ,o%e $o-nter5$lo$03ise to t(e ne<t t'/le. 9. ;l'= $ontin-es 't t(e ne3 t'/les #or ' set n-,/er o# ,in-tes or ro-nds >WI&I K &A!KIK"?. It is -+ to t(e +'rti$i+'nts 't t(e t'/les to #i)-re o-t (o3 to $o,,-ni$'te to e'$( ot(er 'nd 3(i$( r-les 're $orre$t. 5)at t)e (+a/er DO NOT CNO5@ i t)at eac) ta,+e )a ,een (+a/in" wit) a $ifferent et of r#+e . ee ,e+ow0' De(en$in" on t)e n#%,er of "ro#( @ /o# %a/ c)oo e to $i car$ or a+ter t)e r#+e a /o# ee fit' &'/le 11 A$e (i)(, no tr-,+ &'/le 21 A$e lo3, di',onds tr-,+ &'/le 61 A$e lo3, $l-/s tr-,+ &'/le 41 A$e (i)(, (e'rts tr-,+ &'/le 51 A$e (i)(, s+'des tr-,+ &'/le 91 A$e lo3, no tr-,+ In 'll $'ses, ot(er $'rds 3ill /e 3ort( #'$e %'l-eS10 (i)(, 2 lo3 Eac) ta,+e )are t)e fo++owin" r#+e .ADD t)e ta,+e- (ecific r#+e to
So#rce* Note *
eac) ta,+e< et of r#+e 3 re%e%,er- t)e/ $on<t know it< $ifferent at eac) ta,+eA0* ;l'=ers 're de'lt 5 $'rds e'$( W(oe%er 3ins t(e ,ost tri$0s 3ill ,o%e $lo$03ise to t(e ne<t t'/le W(oe%er loses t(e ,ost tri$0s 3ill ,o%e $o-nter $lo$03ise to t(e ne<t t'/le E%er=one else st'=s 't t(e s',e t'/le &ies 're resol%ed /= +'+er ro$0 s$issors E'$( ro-nd 3ill /e '/o-t 5 ,in-tes lon) >lon)er i# ti,e 'llo3s? 'nd e'$( ro-nd 3ill $onsist 'n= n-,/er o# )',es t('t t(e ti,e 'llo3s. A#ter t(e initi'l ro-nd, +l'=ers 3ill not /e 'llo3ed to see t(e r-les or s+e'0 to e'$( ot(er. "est-res 'nd +i$t-res 're 'llo3ed, /-t +l'=ers 're not 'llo3ed to -se 3ords. &(e )',e C3innerD 3ill /e t(e +erson 3(o ('s 3on t(e ,ost tri$0s in tot'l. > # $o-rse, on$e )',e +l'= st'rts, 3innin) 3ill li0el= t'0e ' /'$0 se't to tr=in) to #i)-re o-t 3('t e%er=one else is doin), 's t(e= 're +l'=in) /= di##erent r-les.? ;l'=ers $'n 0ee+ tr'$0 o# s$ores 3it( +o+si$le sti$0s >one sti$0 +er tri$0 3on?. &(e de'ler $'n /e 'n=one 't t(e t'/le, t(e +erson 3(o +l'=s #irst 3ill /e to t(e ri)(t o# t(e de'ler . &(e #irst +l'=er #or e'$( tri$0 ,'= +l'= AKJ s-it. All ot(er +l'=ers ,-st #ollo3 s-it >+l'= ' $'rd o# t(e s',e s-it?. For e'$( ro-nd, e'$( +l'=er +l'=s one $'rd. I# ' +l'=er does not ('%e t('t s-it, ' $'rd o# 'n= s-it ,-st /e +l'=ed. &(e tri$0 is 3on /= t(e +erson 3it( t(e II"IE8& $'rd o# t(e RI"IKA! s-it >+l'=ers 3ill /e)in to /e$o,e $on#-sed 3(en so,e +l'=ers /elie%e t(eir $'rd is tr-,+, 'nd ot(ers dis')ree or $ontr'di$t t(is?. (tt+122333.l'n$s.'$.-02-sers2inter$-lt-re2+$'t9.(t, 'nd (tt+122333.$ir(o,e+')e.or)2s+ee$(2s+ee$(es2t(eT/'rn)'.do$ Ad'+ted #ro, &(i')'r'G'n 'nd 8tein3'$(s 1990 T)e $e,riefin" i t)e %o t i%(ortant (art of t)i "a%e, so /e s-re to de%ote eno-)( ti,e to it. Belo3 're so,e +otenti'l B-estions t('t =o- $'n -se #or t(is +ro$ess. I# =o- $o-ld des$ri/e t(e )',e in one 3ord, 3('t 3o-ld it /eH W('t did =o- e<+e$t 't t(e /e)innin) o# t(e )',eH W(en did =o- re'liFe t('t so,et(in) 3's 3ron)H Io3 did =o- de'l 3it( itH Io3 did not /ein) '/le to s+e'0 $ontri/-te to 3('t =o- 3ere #eelin)H
Co(/ t)e r#+e ,e+ow for eac) ta,+e3 ,e #re to a$$ t)eir (ecific =r#+e? to t)e +i t@ ,#t $on<t +et t)e% know it< $ifferentA*
&'/le 11 A$e (i)(, no tr-,+ &'/le 21 A$e lo3, di',onds tr-,+ &'/le 61 A$e lo3, $l-/s tr-,+ &'/le 41 A$e (i)(, (e'rts tr-,+ &'/le 51 A$e (i)(, s+'des tr-,+ &'/le 91 A$e lo3, no tr-,+
!ARNGA R;LES

;l'=ers 're de'lt 5 $'rds e'$( W(oe%er 3ins t(e ,ost tri$0s 3ill ,o%e $lo$03ise to t(e ne<t t'/le 3(en dire$ted
W(oe%er loses t(e ,ost tri$0s 3ill ,o%e $o-nter $lo$03ise to t(e ne<t t'/le 3(en dire$ted E%er=one else st'=s 't t(e s',e t'/le &ies 're resol%ed /= CRo$0, ;'+er, 8$issorsD E'$( ro-nd 3ill /e '/o-t 5 ,in-tes lon) >lon)er i# ti,e 'llo3s? 'nd e'$( ro-nd 3ill $onsist o# 'n= n-,/er o# )',es t('t t(e ti,e 'llo3s. A#ter t(e initi'l ro-nd, +l'=ers 3ill not /e 'llo3ed to see t(e r-les or s+e'0 to e'$( ot(er. "est-res 'nd +i$t-res 're 'llo3ed, /-t +l'=ers 're not 'llo3ed to -se 3ords. &(e )',e C3innerD 3ill /e t(e +erson 3(o ('s 3on t(e ,ost tri$0s in tot'l. ;l'=ers $'n 0ee+ tr'$0 o# s$ores 3it( +o+si$le sti$0s, toot(+i$0s, +o0er $(i+s, +'+er $li+s, et$. >one +er tri$0 3on?. &(e de'ler $'n /e 'n=one 't t(e t'/leE t(e +erson 3(o +l'=s #irst 3ill /e to t(e ri)(t o# t(e de'ler. &(e #irst +l'=er #or e'$( tri$0 ,'= +l'= AKJ s-it. All ot(er +l'=ers ,-st #ollo3 s-it >+l'= ' $'rd o# t(e s',e s-it?. For e'$( ro-nd, e'$( +l'=er +l'=s one $'rd. I# ' +l'=er does not ('%e t('t s-it, ' $'rd o# 'n= s-it ,-st /e +l'=ed. &(e tri$0 is 3on /= t(e +erson 3it( t(e II"IE8& $'rd o# t(e RI"IKA! s-it.
Cate"oriDin" Gri$
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Criti$'l &(in0in) n)oin) in 'nd2or o-t o# $l'ss 's '++ro+ri'te &o ('%e st-dents +r'$ti$e +l'$in) ite,s into s+e$i#i$ $'te)ories. 1. 8ele$t 2 or 6 si,il'r $'te)ories 2. !ist se%er'l e<',+les t('t #it into onl= one $'te)or=. 6. I'%e st-dents 'ssi)n t(e e<',+les to $'te)ories 4. 8t-dents e<+l'in t(eir re'sonin), eit(er in s,'ll or l'r)e )ro-+s. An)elo 'nd Cross, 1996
So#rce* Note *
C+a
Di c#
ion
*is$-ssion 15520 ,in-tes &o /rin) o-t di##erent +oints o# %ie3 or $on$e+ts #ro, ' le'rner5$entered +oint o# %ie3. 1. Cre'te ' set o# dis$-ssion B-estions =o- $'n +ose to st-dents. 2. &ell t(e st-dents 3('t t(e )o'l #or t(e dis$-ssion is. 6. As0 t(e B-estion 'nd let t(e st-dents 'ns3er2dis$-ss2de/'te
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation*
So#rce* Note *
Ens-re t('t t(e dis$-ssion re,'ins on tr'$0 'nd t('t 'll o# t(e )o'ls #or t(e dis$-ssion 're ,et /e#ore endin) t(e dis$-ssion. Teac) t)e t#$ent to %onitor t)e $i c# ion to kee( it on track' &(e Generic G#e tion Ste% $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
Co%(arative A$vance Or"aniDer

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 5510 ,in-tes Iel+s st-dents le'rn ne3 in#or,'tion in ter,s t(e= 'lre'd= 0no3. ;re+'res st-dents #or le'rnin) e<+erien$e >le$t-re, re'din), or '$ti%it=? /= +resentin) $o,+'risons or 'n'lo)ies t('t $onne$t t(e $ontent eit(er to #',ili'r e<+erien$es or +re%io-sl= le'rned ,'teri'l. Instr-$tor +resents ' /rie# >5510 ,in-te? introd-$tor= le$t-re to est'/lis( lin0')es to ot(er ,'teri'l. So#rce* Note * Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* Jo- $'n ('%e st-dents 3or0 to est'/lis( lin0')es to +re%io-s 0no3led)e or ,'teri'l. C'n 'lso /e done 3it( ' $on$e+t ,'+, 'n o-tline, or ' st-dent5 )ener'ted list o# B-estions or $o,,ents. Rel'ted to B'$0)ro-nd Kno3led)e ;ro/e
I%(+e%entation*
Conce(t or Min$ Ma(

;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin), Criti$'l &(in0in) 10520 ,in-tes &o ('%e st-dents identi#= ' ,'in $on$e+t 'nd rel'tin) $on$e+ts '/o-t ' +'rti$-l'r to+i$ in ' %is-'l ,'nner. A conce(t %a( is ' di')r', s(o3in) t(e rel'tions(i+s ',on) $on$e+ts. &(e= 're )r'+(i$'l tools #or or)'niFin) 'nd re+resentin) 0no3led)e. Con$e+ts, -s-'ll= re+resented 's /o<es or $ir$les, 're $onne$ted 3it( l'/eled 'rro3s in ' do3n3'rd5/r'n$(in) (ier'r$(i$'l str-$t-re. &(e rel'tions(i+ /et3een $on$e+ts $'n /e 'rti$-l'ted in lin0in) +(r'ses s-$( 's O)i%es rise toO, Ores-lts inO, Ois reB-ired /=,O or O$ontri/-tes toO. &(e te$(niB-e #or %is-'liFin) t(ese rel'tions(i+s ',on) di##erent $on$e+ts is $'lled OCon$e+t ,'++in)O. n ' 3(ite /o'rd or +osted #li+ $('rt +'+er 1. Identi#= ' ,'in $on$e+t 2. I'%e st-dents identi#= $on$e+ts t('t 're rel'ted to t(e ,'in $on$e+t. 6. 8t-dents s(o-ld dr'3 ' line /et3een rel'ted $on$e+ts ' 3rite t(e %er/ t('t rel'tes t(e $on$e+ts on t(e $onne$tin) line. 4. Re+e't t(is +ro$ess $onne$tin) ne3 $on$e+ts to t(e rel'ted $on$e+ts 'nd so on. (tt+122en.3i0i+edi'.or)23i0i2Con$e+tT,'+ An 'ltern'ti%e '++ro'$( is to ('%e st-dents +re+'re ' list o# $on$e+ts on sti$0= notes 'nd or)'niFe t(e $o,/ined )ro-+ o# notes into ' ,'+ o# rel'ted $on$e+ts.
I%(+e%entation*
So#rce* Note *
%&am' e?
Conce(t Review
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin), Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) 5520 ,in-tes &o 'llo3 st-dents ' $('n$e to re%ie3 $on$e+ts =o- ('%e $o%ered in ' +re%io-s lesson or session. 1. As0 st-dents to identi#= 'n e<',+le #or e'$( o# t(e $on$e+ts2t(eories2to+i$s $o%ered in t(e lesson or B-estions t(e= ,i)(t ('%e 2. *ire$t st-dents to #or, +'irs >or s,'ll )ro-+s? 'nd re%ie3 t(eir 'ns3ers 3it( ' +'rtner 'nd $o,e to $onsens-s on 't le'st one $orre$t 'ns3er #or e'$( B-estion. 6. As0 st-dents to s('re t(eir 'ns3ers 3it( t(e entire $l'ss. So#rce* Note *
Conte%(orar/ I
#e Ho#rna+
Assi)n,ent Kone >see /elo3? Iel+s st-dents lin0 $o-rse $ontent to $-rrent e%ents 'nd rele%'nt +eriodi$'ls. 1. 8t-dents re'd ne3s+'+ers or ot(er $-rrent +eriodi$'ls >in$l-din) dis$i+line5s+e$i#i$ Go-rn'ls? to 3rite '/o-t (o3 $o-rse $ontent rel'tes to re'l 3orld e%ents. 2. 8t-dents 3rite ' $ert'in n-,/er o# +')es or #or ' $ert'in ti,e e'$( 3ee0, 'ns3erin) s+e$i#i$ B-estions +osed /= t(e te'$(er. 6. Co-ld ('%e st-dents s('re t(eir #indin)s 3it( $l'ss or )ro-+s. Be'n, 1999
So#rce* Note *
Data Ana+/ i
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin), Cl'ssroo, Assess,ent &e$(niB-e 10520 ,in-tes Allo3 st-dents to +r'$ti$e 'n'l=Fin) d't' 'nd +resent'tion s0ills. 1. Instr-$tor +ro%ides st-dents 3it( r'3 d't' s-$( 's lists, )r'+(s, or t'/les. 2. 8t-dents +re+'re 'n 'n'l=sis o# t(e d't' to +resent to $l'ss. Be'n, 1999
So#rce* Note *
Definin" Feat#re Matri6

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C+a roo% A e 10560 ,in-tes %ent Tec)ni-#e
So#rce* %&am' e?
Assists st-dents +r'$ti$e identi#=in) 3('t t(e si)ni#i$'nt #e't-res 're o# si,il'r $on$e+ts. 1. I$entif/ two conce(t t)at )ave evera+ i%i+aritie . 8t-dents $'n re'dil= $on#-se t(e $('r'$teristi$s o# 0e= #e't-res or $on$e+ts t('t e<(i/it so,e si,il'rities >e.)., (-rri$'nes %s. torn'does, !in$oln %s. *o-)l's, ;i$'sso %s. M'tisse?. 2. Li t t)e i%(ortant c)aracteri tic of t)e two conce(t . &(ese ,'= in$l-de $('r'$teristi$s t('t 're si,il'r in /ot( $'ses or di##erent >or e%en '/sent in /ot( $'ses?. 6. Generate a %atri6. &(e si,+lest ,'tri< ('s t3o o+en $ol-,ns on t(e ri)(t side t('t $'n /e -sed /= st-dents to +l'$e ' Q >#e't-re is +resent? or @ >#e't-re is '/sent? 'nd ' 3ider le#t5('nd $ol-,n 3it( An)elo 'nd Cross, 1996 Also1 (tt+122333.-'0ron.ed-2$enters2$$i2do$s2CA&Tde#,'tri<.+d#
Meta%or()ic Rock Definin" Feat#re Matri6 Co,+lete t(e t'/le /elo3 /= +l'$in) ' $(e$0 ,'r0 in t(e one or /ot( o# t(e t3o $ol-,ns o# t(e t'/le 3(ere '++ro+ri'te. Identi#= 3(i$( o# t(e $('r'$teristi$s in t(e le#t ('nd $ol-,n 're +resent in ro$0s #or,ed /= $ont'$t 'nd2or re)ion'l ,et',or+(is,. Do not +l'$e ' $(e$0 ,'r0 in eit(er $ol-,n i# t(e $('r'$teristi$ is not +resent. ne $('r'$teristi$ ('s /een $o,+leted 's 'n e<',+le. C)aracteri tic Rock contact regional metamorphis metamorphism m I I I I I I I -
For,ed 't te,+er't-res '/o%e 200 C M'= ori)in'll= ('%e /een 'n i)neo-s ro$0 For, 's ' res-lt o# in$re'sin) +ress-res M'= s-rro-nd +l-toni$ i)neo-s ro$0s 8l'te is 'n e<',+le For,ed 's ' res-lt o# ,eltin)
Directe$ Para()ra in"

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin), Cl'ssroo, Assess,ent &e$(niB-e 5520 ,in-tes A B-i$0 3'= #or t(e instr-$tor to identi#= 3(ere t(e st-dents 're 't in t(eir -nderst'ndin) o# ' $on$e+t or ide'. 1. As0 st-dents to de#ine 3('t ' +'rti$-l'r $on$e+t ,e'ns to t(e, in 1 or 2 $on$ise senten$es. &(e de#inition s(o-ld ,'0e sense to ot(er st-dents 'nd t(e instr-$tor. Anot(er %'ri'tion o# t(is '++ro'$( is to ('%e st-dents list 's ,'n= 3ords 's t(e= $'n t(in0 o# rel'ted to '
$on$e+t or ide'. 2. &(e instr-$tor en)')es st-dents in B-i$0l= sortin) res+onses into t(ree $'te)ories1 Co0'=,D Cnot B-ite,D C no ide'.D 6. B'sed on t(is #eed/'$0, t(e instr-$tor $'n /e)in to t'ilor $l'ss +resent'tions 'nd '$ti%ities to 'ddress st-dent 0no3led)e )'+s or di##i$-lties. An)elo 'nd Cross, 1996 8i,il'r to B'$0)ro-nd Kno3led)e ;ro/e.
So#rce* Note *
Do#,+e Entr/ Ho#rna+

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Mo-rn'lin), Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) n)oin) 's '++ro+ri'te &(is $'n /e -sed #or le$t-res, 'rti$le re%ie3s, %ideos, 'nd ot(er ti,es 3(en st-dents 're t=+i$'ll= +'ssi%e to ,'0e st-dents ,ore '$ti%e 'nd re#le$ti%e. 1. I'%e st-dents #irst $re'te 'n o-tline o# t(e $riti$'l +oints 'nd ide's o# t(e +resent'tion in one $ol-,n. 2. I'%e t(e st-dents 3rite ' res+onse to e'$( +oint in t(e se$ond $ol-,n t('t 'ddresses t(eir re'$tions, #eelin)s, 'nd B-estions. Millis 'nd Cottell, 2006 &(is is ' )re't 3'= to ('%e st-dents t'0e notes, 'nd re#le$t on t(eir t(in0in) 'nd le'rnin) +ro$ess. Re (on e .reaction @ fee+in" @ -#e tion @ etc'0
So#rce* Note * %&am' e?
Critica+ Point B I$ea B Conce(t
E6a% Pre(aration Ho#rna+

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) n)oin) 's '++ro+ri'te ;ro%ides 'n o++ort-nit= #or st-dents to re#le$t on t(e $o-rse 'nd +re+'re #or $o-rse e<',s. 1. At t(e st'rt o# t(e $o-rse, t(e instr-$tor +ro%ides st-dents 3it( ' list o# ess'= B-estions t('t t(e ,idter, 'nd #in'l e<',s 3ill /e dr'3n #ro,. 2. As t(e $l'ss +ro)resses, st-dents 3or0 o-t 'ns3ers to t(e B-estions in t(eir Go-rn'ls. Be'n, 1999 &(e instr-$tor ,'= 'llo3 t(e st-dents to -se t(eir Go-rn'l d-rin) t(e
So#rce* Note *
e<',, or re%ie3 t(e Go-rn'ls d-rin) t(e e<', 'nd 'ssi)n /on-s +oints /'sed on t(e B-'lit= o# t(e Go-rn'l. &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
Fai+#re Ana+/ i
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Criti$'l &(in0in), ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin) 60590 ,in-tes >,ore i# 'ssi)ned 's ' )ro-+ +roGe$t o-tside o# $l'ss? &o ('%e st-dents 3or0 t(ro-)( ' +ro/le, /'$03'rds, identi#=in) 3(= ' sol-tion or +ro/le, #'iled 'nd deter,ine sol-tions t('t 3ill 3or0. 1. ;ro%ide st-dents 3it( ' $'se st-d= or s$en'rio t('t +resents t(e to+i$ 3it( 'n 'n'l=sis o# (o3 it #'iled. 2. I'%e st-dents rese'r$( t(e s$en'rio or $'se st-d=. 6. *ire$t st-dents to st'rt #ro, t(e #'il-re 'nd 'n'l=Fe t(e sit-'tion or s$en'rio #ro, t(e #'il-re to identi#= t(e ,'in $'-ses o# t(e #'il-re. 4. As0 st-dents to 3rite ' +'+er or ,'0e ' +resent'tion '/o-t 3(= t(e s$en'rio or $'se st-d= #'iled 'nd (o3 it $o-ld ('%e /een '%oided. C'n -se t(e W('tH 8o W('tH Ko3 W('tH &o )-ide t(e 'n'l=sis
So#rce* Note *
Fi ),ow+
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* *is$-ssion 10560 ,in-tes &o ('%e ' s,'ll )ro-+ o# st-dents dis$-ss 'n iss-e, to+i$, re'din), et$. 3it( ot(er st-dents o/ser%in) 'nd e%ent-'ll= Goinin) t(e dis$-ssion. 1. 8ele$t 654 st-dents 'nd ('%e t(e, /rin) t(eir $('irs to t(e #ront o# t(e roo, 2. "i%e t(e st-dents ' to+i$ to dis$-ss ',on)st t(e,sel%es #or 5510 ,in-tes 's t(e $l'ss o/ser%es 6. Be#ore t(e dis$-ssion 3inds do3n, 's0 #or %ol-nteers #ro, t(e '-dien$e to t'0e ' s+ot in t(e ,'in dis$-ssion $ir$le 4. "i%e t(e st-dents ' ne3 to+i$ or 'llo3 t(e ne3 +'rti$i+'nt to s('re t(eir %ie3s on t(e +re%io-s dis$-ssion 5. Re+e't 's desired 8il/er,'n, 1995 Jo- $'n 'lso $ond-$t t(is '$ti%it= 's ' ,-lti+le )ro-+ '$ti%it=, se+'r'tin) t(e st-dents into 6 or 4 )ro-+s 'nd ('%in) t(e entire )ro-+ s3it$( +l'$es to t'0e t(e dis$-ssion in ' ne3 dire$tion, et$. Jo- ,'= 'lso 3'nt to $onsider )i%in) ,ore $o,+le< B-estions 's t(e dis$-ssions $ontin-e.
So#rce* Note *
Foc# e$ Free 5ritin"

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* Mo-rn'lin), Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in), C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 5520 ,in-tes C'n /e -sed i# st-dents eit(er ('%e not(in) to s'= or e%er=one 3'nts to t'l0. C'n 'lso /e -sed to s-,,'riFe le$t-re 'nd or re'din) /= ('%in) st-dents s-,,'riFe ,'in +oints o# le$t-re, 3('t t(e= ('%e le'rned, 3('t does not ,'0e sense to t(e,, t(e C,-ddiest +oint,D or 3('t B-estions t(e= ('%e. 1. Instr-$tor 'ssi)ns ' )ener'l to+i$ to 3rite on. 2. 8t-dents 3rite nonsto+ #or ' +eriod o# ti,e >s-$( 's 15 ,in-tes?. *onAt 3orr= '/o-t re%ision, +-n$t-'tion, s+ellin), )r',,'r, et$. 6. 8t-dents t-rn in 3ritin) 't t(e end o# t(e session
I%(+e%entation*
So#rce* Note *
Be'n, 1999 Fi#teen ,in-tes s(o-ld =ield ' +')e, /-t it $o-ld /e lon)er.
Fra%e Sentence
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Mo-rn'lin), C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 5515 ,in-tes ;ro%ides #o$-s 'nd st'rtin) +oint #or st-dent 3ritin) 'nd 'n'l=sis. 1. Instr-$tor +ro%ides st-dents 3it( 'n o+enin) #r',e senten$e #or t(e st'rt o# ' ne3 +'r')r'+( or s(ort ess'=. 2. 8t-dents $o,+lete t(e +'r')r'+( or ess'= 3it( s-++ortin) det'ils 'nd2or )ener'liF'tions. Be'n, 1999
So#rce* Note *
F#t#rin"
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin), Criti$'l &(in0in), ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin) 60590 ,in-tes >,ore i# -sed 's 'n o-t o# $l'ss '$ti%it= 's 3ell? Allo3s st-dents to #ore$'st +ossi/le #-t-re s$en'rios /'sed on e<istin) $onditions. 1. Instr-$tor sele$ts ' $-rrent $ondition or trend 'nd 's0s t(e st-dents to $onsider t(e #ollo3in) B-estions1 '. W('t 're t(e -nderl=in) $'-ses t('t $re'ted t(is trendH /. Io3 li0el= is it t('t t(ose $'-ses 3ill st'= t(e s',e, in$re'se, or de$re'se in t(e #-t-reH $. W('t ne3 de%elo+,ents ,i)(t 'lter t(e trendH d. I# t(is trend $('n)es, intensi#ies, or de$re'ses, 3('t i,+'$ts 3ill it ('%eH 2. 8t-dents -se t(eir 'ns3ers to t(ese B-estions to de%elo+ s$en'rios o# 3('t t(e #-t-re 3ill loo0 li0e in ' s+e$i#ied ti,e #r',e. (tt+122333.Goe.or)2Goe22004G-ne2$o,,2.s(t,l C'n /e done indi%id-'ll=, in )ro-+s, or 's 3(ole $l'ss. C'n 'lso $o,/ine 3it( Con$e+t M'+.
So#rce* Note *
G#i$e$ Ho#rna+
S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* n)oin) 's '++ro+ri'te ;ro%ides 'n o++ort-nit= #or st-dents to re#le$t on t(e $o-rse 'nd on +'rti$-l'r $on$e+ts identi#ied /= t(e instr-$tor. 1. Instr-$tor +ro%ides %er= s+e$i#i$ B-estions rel'ted to t(e $ontent t('t 3ee0. 2. 8t-dents 3rite ' $ert'in n-,/er o# +')es or #or ' $ert'in ti,e e'$( 3ee0 'ns3erin) s+e$i#i$ B-estions +osed /= t(e te'$(er. 6. Co-ld ('%e st-dents s('re t(eir #indin)s 3it( $l'ss or )ro-+s. Be'n, 1999 &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
G#i$e$-Di cover/ Learnin" B St#$ent Re earc)

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Criti$'l &(in0in), ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin) 60590 ,in-tes >,ore i# -sed 's 'n o-t o# $l'ss '$ti%it= 's 3ell? M'0es t(e st-dents res+onsi/le #or dis$o%erin) $o-rse $ontent r't(er t('n 'n instr-$tor +resent'tion. 1. &(e instr-$tor identi#ies 0e= reso-r$es, /'$0)ro-nd in#or,'tion, 'nd ,ost i,+ort'ntl=, +ro%ides ' set o# C)-idedD $riti$'l t(in0in) B-estions to t(e st-dent. &(ese B-estions 're 3ritten 3it( 'n -nderst'ndin) o# 3('t $riti$'l t(in0in) is needed to +ro$ess t(e in#or,'tion 'nd $onstr-$t 0no3led)e. 2. Criti$'l t(in0in) B-estions 're +ro%ided in ' $ert'in seB-en$e, st'rtin) 3it( dire$ted B-estions, #ollo3ed /= B-estions 3it( ' s+e$i#i$ 'ns3er, 3it( B-estions t('t $'n ('%e ,-lti+le 'ns3ers l'st. &(ese B-estions +ro%ide 'ssist'n$e in )-idin) st-dentsA t(o-)(t +ro$esses to3'rd t(e +rod-$tion o# 0no3led)e 't t(e '++ro+ri'te le%el o# 'tt'in,ent. 6. 8t-dents do t(eir o3n rese'r$( >indi%id-'ll= or in ' )ro-+? to lo$'te t(e in#or,'tion r't(er t('n ('%e t(e instr-$tor +re5sele$t ' re'din) or ' le$t-re. 4. 8t-dents ,'= /e reB-ired to +resent to t(e rest o# t(e $l'ss t(eir #indin)s. A++le 'nd Kr-,sie), 2000 &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
In$e6 Car$ Matc)

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Cl'ssroo, Assess,ent &e$(niB-e, C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 10560 ,in-tes &o re%ie3 $o-rse $on$e+ts or to +re+'re #or 'n e<', 1. Cre'te inde< $'rds $ont'inin) $on$e+ts, t(eories, ter,inolo)=, et$. 'nd t(en on ' ,'t$(in) $'rd, 3rite t(e de#inition o# t('t ite, 2. Co,/ine t(e t3o sets o# $'rds 'nd s(-##le t(oro-)(l= 6. I'%e t(e st-dents dr'3 ' sin)le $'rd 'nd e<+l'in t('t so,e st-dents ('%e de#initions 'nd ot(ers ('%e t(e t(eories, $on$e+ts, et$. t('t ,'t$( t(e de#inition $'rds 4. *ire$t t(e st-dents to #ind t(eir ,'t$( 'nd t(en sit to)et(er 3it(o-t identi#=in) to ot(ers 3('t ite, t(e= ('%e 5. I'%e t(e st-dents B-iF t(e rest o# t(e )ro-+ on t(e to+i$ /= re'din) 'lo-d t(e de#inition or )i%in) 'n e<',+le o# t(e ite,. 8il/er,'n, 1995 Jo- $'n de%elo+ $'rds t('t 're ,issin) one 3ord o-t o# ' senten$e 3(ile t(e $orres+ondin) $'rd $ont'ins t(e ,issin) 3ord. Jo- $'n 'lso $re'te 'n e<',+le $'rd 3it( ,-lti+le sol-tions 'nd ('%e t(e st-dents #or, )ro-+s inste'd o# +'irs >i.e. CW('t is 'n e<',+le o# ' 3'= to )i%e )ood $-sto,er ser%i$eHD? 'nd 3(en t(e= B-iF t(e )ro-+, t(e= $'n o/t'in ,-lti+le 'ns3ers to t(e B-estion.
So#rce* Note *
Hi" aw
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin) 60590 ,in-tes >,ore i# -sed 's 'n o-t o# $l'ss '$ti%it= 's 3ell? Allo3s st-dents to eit(er te'$( e'$( ot(er ne3 $ontent or re%ie3 $ontent. 1. *i%ide st-dents into )ro-+s 'nd 'ssi)n e'$( )ro-+ ' +ortion o# t(e $ontent to /e re%ie3ed2+resented. 2. &(e #irst )ro-+s re%ie3 t(e ,'teri'l 'nd +l'n (o3 to te'$( t(e ,'teri'l to t(e ot(er )ro-+s >+re+'r'tion )ro-+s?. 6. Cre'te ne3 )ro-+s 3it( one ,e,/er #ro, e'$( o# t(e #irst )ro-+s >no3 $'lled ' te'$(in) or +resent'tion )ro-+?. 4. In t(e se$ond )ro-+s, e'$( )ro-+ ,e,/er +resents t(e ,'teri'l t(e= $o%ered in t(e +re+'r'tion )ro-+s. (tt+122333.Gi)s'3.or)2ste+s.(t,, (tt+122333.Gi)s'3.or)2o%er%ie3.(t, (tt+122333.ed-$'tion53orld.$o,2'T$-rr2$-rr624.s(t,l Jo- 3ill +ro/'/l= 3'nt to )i%e t(e +re+'r'tion )ro-+s so,e )-idelines #or 3('t t(e= need to te'$( in t(e +resent'tion )ro-+s >i.e. identi#= t(e 655 ,ost i,+ort'nt to+i$s #ro, t(e $('+ter or t(e i,+ort'nt +oints o# ' t(eor=, et$?. Jo- ,'= 'lso 3'nt to -se $olor $oded sti$0ers )i%en to e'$( ,e,/er o# t(e +re+'r'tion )ro-+ to ,'0e t(e #or,'tion o# t(e +resent'tion )ro-+ e'sier. Anot(er %'ri'tion on t(is '$ti%it= is to re$on%ene t(e +re+'r'tion )ro-+s to 'llo3 t(e st-dents to s('re 3('t t(e= le'rned in t(eir ot(er )ro-+s.
So#rce* Note *
La,orator/ Note,ook
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) n)oin) 's '++ro+ri'te En'/les t(e st-dents to re#le$t on 3('t is o$$-rrin) d-rin) 'n e<+eri,ent or +ro/le, sol%in) e<er$ise. 1. In one $ol-,n st-dents re$ord 3('t t(e= o/ser%ed or e<+erien$ed in ' l'/ or de,onstr'tion sit-'tion. 2. In t(e se$ond $ol-,n, t(e st-dent re$ords t(eir t(in0in) 'nd re#le$tions. &(e= 'ddress 3(= t(e= did so,et(in) or 3('t t(e res-lts indi$'te to t(e,. Be'n, 1999 8i,il'r to *o-/le Entr= Mo-rn'l. &(is '++ro'$( $o-ld 'lso /e -sed 3it( sol%in) ' ,'t( +ro/le, or ot(er t=+e o# +ro/le,.
So#rce* Note *
Li tenin" Tea%
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin), Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) 10560 ,in-tes '#ter ' s(ort le$t-re, %ideo, +resent'tion &o (el+ st-dents st'= #o$-sed 'nd 'lert d-rin) le$t-re, %ideo, +resent'tion 1. Assi)n st-dents to one o# #o-r roles1 '. G#e tioner @ st-dents 3(o 3ill 's0 't le'st 2 B-estions '/o-t t(e le$t-re '#ter it is $o,+lete /. Tea% P+a/er @ st-dents 3(o 3ill identi#= 2 're's o# ')ree,ent 3it( t(e le$t-re $ontent 'nd e<+l'in 3(= $. Devi+< A$vocate @ st-dents 3(o 3ill identi#= 2 're's o# dis')ree,ent 3it( t(e le$t-re $ontent 'nd e<+l'in 3(= d. E6a%(+e Giver @ st-dents 3(o 3ill )i%e e<',+le or s+e$i#i$ '++li$'tions o# t(e $ontent 2. "i%e =o-r +re+'red le$t-re, %ideo, +resent'tion 6. "ro-+ t(e roles to)et(er >'ll B-estioners, 'll te', +l'=ers, et$.? 'nd )i%e 10 ,in-tes to #or,-l'te t(eir res+onses to t(eir 'ssi)ned t's0s 4. Bre'0 t(e st-dents into )ro-+s $ont'inin) one o# e'$( role 'nd 'llo3 t(e, ti,e to dis$-ss t(eir B-estions, e<',+les, et$. 8il/er,'n, 1995 Jo- $'n 'lso $ond-$t t(is '$ti%it= 's ' l'r)e )ro-+ session, /= re$on%enin) t(e )ro-+ '#ter t(e te',s ('%e ('d ti,e to #or,-l'te t(eir res+onses 'nd dis$-ssin) e'$( ite, 's ' l'r)e )ro-+.
So#rce* Note *
Metaco"nition .T)inkin" A,o#t T)inkin"0

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Criti$'l &(in0in), ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin) n)oin) &o ('%e st-dents e<+ress 'nd do$-,ent t(eir t(in0in) 'nd +ro/le, sol%in) +ro$esses. 1. I'%e st-dents t'l0 t(ro-)( 'nd de%elo+ ' des$ri+tion o# (o3 to )o '/o-t sol%in) ' s+e$i#i$ +ro/le,. ne $onte<t #or t(is is to tell t(e st-dents t('t t(e= need to te'$( t(is to so,eone else 3(o 0no3s e%en less t('n t(e= do. 2. ;ro%ide st-dents 3it( ' s',+le o# (o3 'n e<+ert 3o-ld '++ro'$( t(e +ro/le, or t(e $o,,onl= '$$e+ted 3'= o# )oin) '/o-t sol%in) t(is +ro/le,. >*onAt tell t(e st-dents t('t t(e= 3ere 3ron), /e$'-se in t(e end t(e= ,'= ('%e re'$(ed t(e s',e destin'tion. &(e #o$-s is on t(e +ro$ess.? 6. I'%e st-dents dis$-ss (o3 'nd 3(= t(eir '++ro'$( di##ered #ro, t(e e<+ert '++ro'$(. 4. I'%e st-dents identi#= (o3 t(e= 3o-ld )o '/o-t sol%in) t(ese t=+es o#
+ro/le,s in t(e #-t-re. So#rce* Note *
One Min#te Pa(er B M#$$ie t Point

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin), Cl'ssroo, Assess,ent &e$(niB-e 255 ,in-tes &o identi#= t(e st-dentAs $-rrent 0no3led)e on ' +'rti$-l'r to+i$. Most o#ten -sed 's 'n '$ti%it= >B'$0)ro-nd Kno3led)e ;ro/e? 't t(e /e)innin) R end o# ' le'rnin) e<+erien$e. 1. Identi#= ' B-estion =o- 3'nt t(e st-dents to 'ns3er rel'tin) to t(e to+i$ or $on$e+t =o- 're '/o-t to te'$( or '#ter =o- ('%e t'-)(t. 2. "i%e t(e st-dents ' s(eet o# +'+er 'nd 'llo3 t(e, to 3rite 's ,-$( 's t(e= 0no3 '/o-t t(e to+i$ in ' de#ined ',o-nt o# ti,e. 6. Colle$t t(ese +'+ers 'nd re%ie3 t(e st-dent 'ns3ers /e#ore $o%erin) t(e to+i$. 4. A!&ERKA&E ;&I K1 As0 st-dents 3('t t(e C,-ddiest +ointD is, or 3('t is still -n$le'r to t(e, '/o-t TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT. An)elo 'nd Cross, 1996 Jo- $'n 'lso -se t(is 's ' re#le$tion '$ti%it= '#ter =o- ('%e $o,+leted t(e instr-$tion'l. Jo- $'n )i%e t(e st-dents /'$0 t(eir ori)in'l B'$0)ro-nd Kno3led)e ;ro/e 'nd 's0 t(e, to re%ie3 it 'nd ,'0e 'n= $('n)es to it so t('t t(e= $'n %isi/l= see t(e di##eren$es o$$-rrin) 's ' res-lt o# t(e le'rnin) e<+erien$e. &(e Generic G#e tion Ste% $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
O(en-En$e$ Ho#rna+
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Mo-rn'lin), Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) n)oin) &o 'llo3 st-dents 'n o+en +l'$e #or re#le$tion 'nd $o,,ent'r= 1. &(e st-dent $(ooses 3('t to 'ddress '/o-t t(eir le'rnin) s-$( 's 3('t t(e= re'd, s-,,'riFe le$t-res, r'ise B-estions, '++l= le'rnin) to +erson'l e<+erien$e, or 'n= ot(er to+i$ rel'ted to t(e $l'ss. 2. 8t-dents 3rite ' $ert'in n-,/er o# +')es or #or ' $ert'in ti,e e'$( 3ee0. Be'n, 1999
So#rce* Note *
Pair C)eck
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* *is$-ssion, ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin), Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) 5520 ,in-tes Allo3s st-dents to re%ie3 3or0 3it( ' +eer 'nd #or$es st-dents to
I%(+e%entation* So#rce* Note *
$o,,-ni$'te t(in0in) to 'not(er. 1. ;'irs o# st-dents $o,+lete t(e s',e +ro/le,s indi%id-'ll=. 2. 8t-dents $o,+'re 'ns3ers. 6. 8t-dents dis$-ss 'nd ',end 'n= di##eren$es. Millis 'nd Cottell, 2006
Pa
a Pro,+e%
;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin), *is$-ssion 20590 ,in-tes >de+endin) on t(e n-,/er o# )ro-+s =o- 'llo3 to re%ie3 e'$( +ro/le,? Identi#= 'nd sol%e ' +ro/le, rel'ted to $o-rse $ontent. 1. *i%ide st-dents into s,'ll )ro-+s. 2. I'%e e'$( )ro-+ s+end -+ to 10 ,in-tes identi#=in) ' +ro/le, >or =o$'n )i%e t(e, ' +ro/le, to sol%e?. 6. I'%e t('t )ro-+ o# st-dents /r'instor, 'nd 3rite do3n t(eir sol-tions to t(e +ro/le,. Allo3 -+ to 10 ,in-tes #or t(is. 4. I'%e t(e )ro-+s +'ss t(eir +ro/le, 2 sol-tion to 'not(er )ro-+ #or re%ie3 'nd t(en t(e se$ond )ro-+ $'n 'dd to t(e ori)in'l sol-tions. 5. Contin-e -ntil 'll )ro-+s ('%e ('d ' $('n$e to see2sol%e e'$( +ro/le,. 9. I'%e t(e )ro-+ t('t )ener'ted t(e +ro/le, initi'll= re%ie3 'll sol-tions 'nd eit(er +i$0 t(e /est one or $re'te ' ne3 one t('t s=nt(esiFes t3o or ,ore o# t(e sol-tions.
So#rce* Note *
Jo- $'n 'lso do t(is /= +ostin) #li+ $('rt +'+ers on t(e 3'lls 'ro-nd t(e roo, >one +er +ro/le,? 'nd ('%e t(e )ro-+s rot'te. %&am' e (on $u sheet o$ 'a'er)? ;ro/le, ;ossi/le 8ol-tions
Pro an$ Con Gri$

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Criti$'l &(in0in), *is$-ssion Kone Allo3s st-dents to +r'$ti$e identi#=in) t(e +ros 'nd $ons o# 'n iss-e. 1. 8ele$t ' de$ision, G-d),ent, dile,,', or 'n iss-e 2. Write ' +ro,+t t('t 3ill tri))er +ros 'nd $ons in rel'tion to t(e iss-e or dile,,'. 6. !et t(e st-dents 0no3 (o3 ,'n= +ros 'nd $ons to list 'nd 3(et(er =o3'nt 3ords 'nd +(r'ses or $o,+lete senten$es. An)elo 'nd Cross, 1996 A %'ri'tion on t(is is to 'ssi)n t(e st-dents ' +ers+e$ti%e or role on t(e iss-e. Jo- $'n 'lso ('%e t(e, deter,ine t(e iss-e to /e dis$-ssed
So#rce* Note *
%&am' e? I #e*
Pro
Con
G#e tion Creation

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* So#rce* Note * Criti$'l &(in0in), *is$-ssion 5520 ,in-tes &o ('%e st-dents de%elo+ ' set o# B-estions rel'ted to $l'ss $ontent or ' +ro/le,. 1. I'%e st-dents /r'instor, +ossi/le B-estions rel'ted to $o-rse $ontent 2. I'%e st-dents sele$t 256 /est B-estions 'nd e<+l'in 3(= t(ese e'$( B-estion is ' )ood B-estion. &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s on +')e $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=. Jo- $o-ld -se t(is to )ener'te +otenti'l B-estions #or +roGe$ts, e<',s, C(e$0s #or 7nderst'ndin), et$.
G#iD S)ow .aka Heo(ar$/0

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 60590 ,in-tes &e$(niB-e #or re%ie3in) $o-rse ,'teri'l -sin) )ro-+s. 1. &(e st-dents de%elo+ t(eir o3n B-estions in ' )ro-+ or indi%id-'ll=. 2. &(e instr-$tor or st-dents )ro-+>s? t(e B-estions into $'te)ories 'nd 'ssi)ns +oint %'l-es. 6. &(e instr-$tor ser%es 's 'n e,$ee #or ' B-iF s(o3 -sin) t(e B-estions 'nd '3'rdin) +oints to t(e te',s t('t 'ns3er t(e B-estions $orre$tl=. Millis 'nd Cottell, 1998 &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
Recon i$erin"
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 10520 ,in-tes, 't t(e /e)innin) 'nd end o# ' $l'ss, session or $('+ter &e$(niB-e #or 'llo3in) st-dents to 3rite '/o-t 3('t t(e= t(in0 so,et(in) 3ill /e /e#ore('nd, t(en )o /'$0 '#ter3'rd 'nd re'ssess t(eir #eelin)s '/o-t t(e ite, '#ter t(e= ('%e $o,+leted it. 1. Be#ore ' $o-rse, ' $('+ter, or /e#ore ' ,'Gor +roGe$t, 's0 t(e st-dent to 3rite t(eir %ie3s on t(e ite, 'ns3erin) +ossi/le B-estions s-$( 's1 '. W('t ,'0es ' )ood +roGe$tH /. W('t is t(e %'l-e o# TTTTTTTTTT to+i$H $. W('t 'd%i$e 3o-ld t(e= )i%e t(e,sel%es to /e TTTTTTT TTTT
So#rce* Note *
d. W('t sol-tions $o-ld t(e= de%ise to ' +ro/le, =o- 3ill +ose 't t(e end o# t(e $('+ter or -nitH 2. Colle$t t(ese +'+ers, /-t tell st-dents t('t =o- 're not )oin) to )r'de t(e,. 6. At t(e end o# t(e $o-rse or -nit, )o /'$0 'nd 's0 t(e s',e B-estion ')'in, 's0in) t(e st-dents 3rite #or t(e s',e ',o-nt o# ti,e. 4. I'nd st-dents t(eir ori)in'l +'+ers #or $o,+'rison, so t(e= $'n see (o3 t(eir %ie3s ('%e /e$o,e ,ore so+(isti$'ted o%er ti,e 8il/er,'n, 1999 C'n /e -sed 3it( B'$0)ro-nd Kno3led)e ;ro/e
Ro+e P+a/
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin), Criti$'l &(in0in) 10560 ,in-tes >$'n /e lon)er? &o ('%e st-dents '$t o-t, in +'irs, s,'ll or l'r)e )ro-+s, ' to+i$ or $on$e+t #ro, t(e $l'ss 1. ;ro%ide roles, +ositions, or +ers+e$ti%es to st-dents or )ro-+s o# st-dentsE 'ssist 3it( 'ssi)nin) roles or $l'ri#i$'tion 's needed. 2. *ire$t st-dents to rese'r$( t(eir to+i$ or role 'nd 'llo3 t(e st-dents eno-)( ti,e to 3or0 t(ro-)( (o3 t(e= 3'nt to +er#or, t(e si,-l'tion. 6. I'%e t(e st-dents +er#or, t(e role5+l'=. Jo- $'n 'lso +ro%ide ' s$en'rio or $'se 'nd reB-ire st-dents to ne)oti'te or #ind ' sol-tion /'sed on t(eir role. Jo- $'n +'ir st-dents so t('t e%er=one is in%ol%ed in ' role +l'= 't t(e s',e ti,e. Jo- $'n 'lso 'dd ' t(ird st-dent 's 'n o/ser%er o# e'$( +'ir to +ro%ide #eed/'$0 to t(e role +l'=ers. &(e i,+ort'nt +ortion o# t(is '$ti%it= is t(e re#le$tion 2 de/rie#in) '#ter3'rd. 8o,e s-))ested B-estions =o- $'n +ri,e t(e '-dien$e to $onsider 3(ile t(e st-dents 're $ond-$tin) t(e role +l'= 're1 1. W('t did t(e +'rti$i+'nts do 3ellH 2. W('t $o-ld t(e= ('%e done /etterH 6. W('t 're ot(er +ossi/le sol-tions to t(is iss-eH Jo- $'n 'lso -se t(e 5)atF So 5)atF Now 5)atF de/rie#in) '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
Rotatin" Trio
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* *is$-ssion 10560 ,in-tes &o ('%e st-dents dis$-ss iss-es 3it( ,'n= di##erent st-dents 1. For, )ro-+s o# t(ree st-dents 2. *ire$t t(e st-dents to 'ssi)n n-,/ers to e'$( )ro-+ ,e,/er >1, 2, or 6? 6. *istri/-te ' set o# B-estions #or t(e )ro-+ to dis$-ss 'nd set ' ti,e li,it >10 ,in-tes? #or t(e dis$-ssion 4. C'll ti,e '#ter t(e dis$-ssion dies do3n or t(e ti,e li,it ('s /een re'$(ed 5. *ire$t t(e U1s to st'= +-t 'nd r'ise t(eir ('nds
So#rce* Note *
9. *ire$t t(e U2s to ,o%e to t(e )ro-+ on t(eir le#t 7. *ire$t t(e U6s to ,o%e to t(e )ro-+ on t(eir ri)(t 8. *istri/-te 'not(er >,ore $o,+le<? set o# dis$-ssion B-estions /-ildin) -+on t(e #irst set #or t(e ne3 )ro-+ to dis$-ss 9. Rot'te trios in t(is ,'nner 's ,'n= ti,e 's desired 8il/er,'n, 1995
Ro#n$ta,+e
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* *is$-ssion, Re#le$tion 10520 ,in-tes &o 'llo3 t(e st-dents ' $('n$e to identi#= sol-tions to ' +ro/le, or iss-e in ' ,ore re#le$ti%e ,'nner t('n tr'dition'l /r'instor,in). 1. I'%e st-dents #or, )ro-+s >o+tion'l? 2. As0 t(e st-dents to 3rite t(eir ide' #or ' sol-tion to t(e +ro/le,2iss-e2$on$e+t2to+i$ on ' s(eet o# +'+er. 6. !et t(e, 0no3 t('t it is o0'= to +'ss i# t(e= donAt ('%e ' sol-tion 't t('t ti,e >/-t onl= 'llo3 ' $ert'in n-,/er o# C+'ssesD? 4. *ire$t st-dents to re'd t(eir sol-tion to t(e )ro-+ /e#ore +'ssin) t(e +'+er to 'not(er st-dent >t(is s'%es e%er=one #ro, ('%in) to re'd 3('t ot(ers ('%e 3ritten? 5. ;'ss t(e ne<t +erson 'nd re+e't. 8il/er,'n, 1995
So#rce* Note *
Scaven"er H#nt
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* So#rce* Note * C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 10560 ,in-tes ;ro%ides 'n o++ort-nit= #or st-dents B-i$0l= re%ie3 ' $on$e+t, $('+ter, or s=ll'/-s to identi#= i,+ort'nt +oints. 1. Instr-$tor +ro%ides ' set o# s$'%en)er (-nt B-estions 2. 8t-dents, eit(er 'lone or in )ro-+s, )o t(ro-)( t(e desi)n'ted ,'teri'l to lo$'te t(e reB-ested in#or,'tion. (tt+122333.Besn.,eB.)o-%.B$.$'2$$2in$l'ss2s$'%en)e.(t, 8$'%en)er (-nts $'n /e e<$ellent tools #or ('%in) st-dents +r'$ti$e t(e s0ill o# B-i$0l= s0i,,in) #or +ertinent in#or,'tion, /-t $'n 'lso /e -sed 's 'n 'd%'n$e or)'niFer or $l'ssroo, 'ssess,ent tool to deter,ine 3(i$( to+i$s st-dents ('d +ro/le,s 3it( 'nd 'llo3 t(e instr-$tor to #o$-s ,ore on t(ese '$ti%ities.
Se%i- tr#ct#re$ Ho#rna+

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* Mo-rn'lin) n)oin) 's '++ro+ri'te >see /elo3 #or 'ddition'l s-))estions? ;ro%ides 'n o++ort-nit= #or st-dents to re#le$t on t(e $o-rse or on ' +'rti$-l'r $on$e+t identi#ied /= t(e instr-$tor. 1. Instr-$tor +ro%ides ' set o# )eneri$ B-estions to initi'te t(e st-dentAs 3ritin). 2. 8t-dents 3rite ' $ert'in n-,/er o# +')es or #or ' $ert'in ti,e e'$( 3ee0. Be'n, 1999 &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
T)ink B 5rite B Pair B S)are

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* *is$-ssion, C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 5515 ,in-tes &o 'llo3 st-dents ' $('n$e to #or,-l'te 'n o+inion on ' to+i$ 'nd t(en s('re t('t o+inion 3it( ot(ers. 1. ;ose ' B-estion or +ro/le, to =o-r st-dents 2. *ire$t st-dents to s+end ' #e3 ,in-tes 'ns3erin) t(e ite, on t(eir o3n 6. *ire$t st-dents to +'ir -+ 3it( so,eone 'nd s('re t(eir 'ns3ers to t(e +ro/le, or to+i$ 4. *e/rie# t(is '$ti%it= /= 's0in) st-dents to s('re 3('t t(e= (e'rd t('t 3's interestin), not t(eir ori)in'l 'ns3er. Jo- $'n -se t(is 's ' +'ired '$ti%it= t('t ,o%es into in$re'sin)l= l'r)er )ro-+s to e%ent-'ll= re'$( ' )ro-+ $onsens-s on ' to+i$ or iss-e. &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
T)ree Ste( Interview

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* *is$-ssion, C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 20540 ,in-tes &o identi#= ' +ro/le, or iss-e #or dis$-ssion. 1. ;'rt ne1 '. ;'ir t(e st-dents or 'llo3 t(e, to sele$t ' +'rtner. /. "i%e t(e, ti,e to de$ide 3(o 3ill /e t(e inter%ie3er 'nd 3(o 3ill /e t(e inter%ie3ee. $. Allo3 t(e, t3o ,in-tes to do 'n inter%ie3 -sin) ' set o# instr-$tor de%elo+ed B-estions d. A#ter t3o ,in-tes, s3it$( roles 2. ;'rt &3o1 '. For, ' )ro-+ o# #o-r /= Goinin) 'not(er +'ir.
/. Inter%ie3ers +resent 3('t =o- le'rned #ro, =o-r inter%ie3ees 6. ;'rt &(ree1 *e/rie#in) >5 ,in-tes? '. Re'$( $onsens-s on 3('t is t(e /est e<',+le o# 'n 'ns3er to t(e sele$ted B-estion identi#ied in =o-r )ro-+ inter%ie3s. /. Identi#= ' s+o0es+erson to s('re t(is #indin) 3it( e%er=one. So#rce* Note * Jo- $'n -se t(is '$ti%it= 's ' +re$-rsor to t(e ;'ss ' ;ro/le, '$ti%it= to (el+ de#ine t(e +ro/le,s to /e dis$-ssed. &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
Vi i,+e G#iD
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* C(e$0 #or 7nderst'ndin) 10520 ,in-tes &o 'llo3 re%ie3 o# ,'teri'l #ro, re'din), +rior 0no3led)e, or +rior to ' test. 1. Instr-$tor +re+'res B-estions or ('%e st-dents +re+'re B-estions in 'd%'n$e on ;o3er;oint slides. >Altern'te1 I'%e st-dents +re+'re B-estions? 2. 8t-dents 're di%ided into )ro-+s 'nd e'$( )ro-+ )i%en ' set o# $'rds ,'r0ed A, B, C, *, &, 'nd F #or ,-lti+le $(oi$e 'nd tr-e2#'lse 'ns3ers. 6. Instr-$tors +ose B-estion 'nd st-dents res+ond 's ' )ro-+ /= dis+l'=in) t(e '++ro+ri'te letter #or t(eir 'ns3er &(e "eneri$ :-estion 8te,s $'n /e -sed 's ' st'rtin) +oint #or )ener'tin) B-estions #or t(is '$ti%it=.
So#rce* Note *
5)at@ So 5)at@ Now 5)atF

Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* Re#le$tion 2 *e/rie#in) 10520 ,in-tes A t(ree ste+ +ro$ess to 'llo3 to de/rie# 'n '$ti%it= or e<+erien$e, 'nd dis$-ss 3'=s to in$or+or'te into #-t-re e<+erien$es >si,il'r to A#ter A$tion
I%(+e%entation*
So#rce* Note *
Re%ie3? 1. 5)atF &(e dis$-ssion /e)ins /= essenti'll= 's0in), CW('t ('s ('++enedHD or CW('tAs /een )oin) onHD &(e What9 +('se +ert'ins to t(e s-/st'n$e o# =o-r e<+erien$es. It is intended to eli$it $e cri(tive re (on e '/o-t #'$ts 'nd o$$-rren$es. 2. So w)atF &(e ;o What9 +('se +ert'ins to t(e i,+'$t o# t(e e<+erien$e on t(e +'rti$i+'nts t)e% e+ve . It loo0s 't t(e $onseB-en$es o# re$ent o$$-rren$es 'nd tries to ,'0e sense o# t(e,. &(e +'rti$i+'nts 're 's0ed to a, tract an$ "enera+iDe 3('t t(e= 're le'rnin), s(i#tin) $rom the descri'tive into the inter'retive. 6. Now 5)atF &(e #in'l +('se o# t(e dis$-ssion, t(e >o0 0hat9 +('se, in%ol%es takin" t)e +e on +earne$ #ro, t(e e<+erien$e 'nd rea((+/in" t)e% to ot)er it#ation an$ t)e +ar"er (ict#re' &(is in$l-des $onsiderin) not onl= t(e +'rti$i+'ntsA +l'ns #or t(eir ne<t '$ti%it= or e<+erein$e, /-t 'lso (o3 t(e= $'n '++l= 'll o# t(is 0no3led)e 'nd e<+erien$e to ot(er re'l,s o# t(eir li%es >e.)., 's #',il= ,e,/ers, #riends, $itiFens?. Ad'+ted #ro, E'rt(For$e.or) 'nd ot(er so-r$es
A((en$i6 A
; in" !+oo%< Revi e$ Ta6ono%/ to Create Critica+ T)inkin" Foc# e$ Activitie J A i"n%ent
Leve+ J Definition
Action
Ver,
Potentia+ St#$ent Pro$#ct
re$o)niFin), listin), des$ri/in), -etrieving, recogni.ing, identi#=in), and reca ing re evant /no0 edge $rom ong-term retrie%in), n',in), lo$'tin), #indin) memor*.
Re%e%,erin"*
inter+retin), e<e,+li#=in), Constructing meaning s-,,'riFin), $rom ora , 0ritten, and gra'hic messages through in#errin), inter'reting, e&em' i$*ing, +'r'+(r'sin), c assi$*ing, summari.ing, $l'ssi#=in), in$erring, com'aring, and $o,+'rin), e<+l'inin) e&' aining.
;n$er tan$in"*
$raw@ i$entif/@ +ocate@ B-iF, de#inition, +a,e+@ e+ect@ write@ #'$t, 3or0s(eet, o#t+ine@ +i t@ recite@ test, l'/el, list, na%e@ recor$@ tate@ 3or0/oo0, re+rod-$tionE re(eat e%ents, re$ordin)s, di$tion'r=, &R s(o3s, te<t re'din), ,')'Fine 'rti$les confir%@ e6(+ain@ re$it'tion, s-,,'r=, $olle$tion, convert@ infer@ e<+l'n'tion, s(o3 'nd tell, $i c# @ re+ate@ e<',+le, B-iF, list, l'/el, %atc)@ $e cri,e@ o-tlineE 'n'lo)=, )r'+(, s+ee$(, e ti%ate@ $oll')e, dr',', +oster, stor=, (ara()ra e@ (re$ict +(oto, $'rtoon, di')r',
i,+le,entin), a((+/@ %o$if/@ ,#i+$@ $'rr=in) o-t, -sin), con tr#ct@ o+ve@ Carr*ing out or using a e<e$-tin) re(ort@ ketc)@ 'rocedure through (ro$#ce e&ecuting, or im' ementing.
A((+/in"*
Ana+/Din"*
1rea/ing materia into
$o,+'rin), or)'niFin),
ana+/De@ ort@ cate"oriDe@
ill-str'tion, si,-l'tion, s$-l+t-re, de,onstr'tion, +resent'tion, inter%ie3, +er#or,'n$e, di'r=, Go-rn'lE di')r',, +(oto, #ore$'st, ill-str'tion, list, +roGe$t, +-FFle, $'rtoon, ;o3er+oint s-r%e=, d't'/'se, ,o/ile, '/str'$t, re+ort, )r'+(,
constituent 'arts, determining ho0 the 'arts re ate to one another and to an overa structure or 'ur'ose through di$$erentiating, organi.ing, and attri!uting.
de$onstr-$tin), 'ttri/-tin), o-tlinin), str-$t-rin), inte)r'tin)
inve ti"ate@ co%(are@s+re'ds(eet, $(e$0list, $('rt, $e,ate@ $ifferentiate@ o-tlineE s=llo)is,, ,odel, e6a%ine $on$l-sion, 'r)-,ent /ro0en do3n, B-estionn'ire
Eva+#atin"*
#a/ing ,udgments !ased on criteria and standards through chec/ing and criti2uing.
$(e$0in), (=+ot(esiFin), $ritiB-in), e<+eri,entin), G-d)in), testin), dete$tin), ,onitorin)
o+ve@ criti-#e@ criticiDe@ a((rai e@ a e @ conc+#$e@ ># tif/@ >#$"e
de/'te, +'nel, re+ort, e%'l-'tion, in%esti)'tion, %erdi$t, $on$l-sion, +ers-'si%e s+ee$(E editori'l, $on$l-sion, %'l-in), sel#5e%'l-'tion, )ro-+ dis$-ssion, re$o,,end'tion, $o-rt tri'l, s-r%e= #il, 2 %ideo, stor=, +roGe$t, +l'n, ne3 )',e, son), ,edi' +rod-$t, 'd%ertise,ent, +'intin)E +oe,, +l'=, 'rti$le, /oo0, in%ention, e<+eri,ent, $'rtoon, set o# r-les, +rin$i+les or st'nd'rds
desi)nin), 3utting e ements together $onstr-$tin), +l'nnin), to $orm a coherent or +rod-$in), $unctiona 0ho e4 reorgani.ing e ements into in%entin), de%isin), a ne0 'attern or structure ,'0in) through generating, ' anning, or 'roducing.
Creatin"*
co%,ine@ co%(o e@ $e i"n@ "enerate@ invent@ (+an@ for%#+ate@ ori"inate@ $evi e@ revi e@ )/(ot)e iDe
A((en$i6 !
Pro,+e%-!a e$ Learnin"
Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation* ;ro/le,5/'sed !e'rnin) 60590 ,in-tes >,ore i# -sed 's 'n o-t o# $l'ss '$ti%it= 's 3ell? 8t-dents '++l= 0no3led)e le'rned t(ro-)( indi%id-'l or )ro-+ +ro/le, sol%in). 1. C(oose ' $entr'l ide', $on$e+t, or +rin$i+le in t(e $o-rse. !ist t(e le'rnin) o/Ge$ti%es rel'ted to t(is $on$e+t t('t st-dents s(o-ld ,eet 3(en t(e= 3or0 t(ro-)( t(e +ro/le,. 2. &(in0 o# ' re'l 3orld $onte<t #or t(e +ro/le,. *e%elo+ ' stor= or $'se 'ro-nd t(e +ro/le,. Add $o,+le<it= 'nd ill5str-$t-red B-'lities to li,it t(e '/ilit= o# st-dents to 'do+t ' C+l-) 'nd $(-)D '++ro'$(. 6. 8tr-$t-re 'nd +l'n t(e +ro/le,1 '. W('t 3ill t(e #irst st')e loo0 li0eH W('t o+en5ended B-estions $'n /e 's0edH W('t le'rnin) iss-es s(o-ld /e identi#iedH /. Io3 lon) 3ill t(e +ro/le, /eH Io3 ,'n= st')esH Io3 ,-$( in 'nd o-t o# $l'ss ti,eH $. W('t in#or,'tion 3ill st-dents re$ei%e in se$ond 'nd l'ter st')es 's t(e= 3or0 t(ro-)( t(e +ro/le,H d. W('t reso-r$es 3ill st-dents needH Will t(e st-dents need to do 'ddition'l rese'r$( on t(eir o3nH e. W('t end +rod-$t 3ill st-dents +rod-$e 't t(e $o,+letion o# t(e +ro/le,H 4. Write ' )-ide #or -sin) t(e +ro/le, in $l'ss. ;l'n #or ,ini5le$t-res, $l'ss dis$-ssion, 'nd s,'ll )ro-+ re+ortin) to s-++ort t(e +ro/le, sol%in) +ro$ess. *-$(, 2001, (tt+122333.-del.ed-2+/l2E Mon'ssen, 2000E
So#rce*
Note *
(tt+122s$ore.ri,s.012.$'.-s2+ro/le'rn.(t,l, (tt+122333.s',#ord.ed-2+/l2 &(e +ro/le,s t('t =o- +ro%ide to t(e st-dents $'n $o,e in ' %'riet= o# #or,s Lo"ica+ Pro,+e% 1 '++l= lo)i$ to sol%in) ' +-FFle A+"orit)% 1 '++l= ' #or,-l' or series o# ste+s R#+e-; in" Pro,+e%1 '++l= r-les Stor/ Pro,+e% 1 ' te<t-'l des$ri+tion o# ' +ro/le, told 's ' stor= Deci ion-Makin" Pro,+e% 1 ,'0e ' de$ision Tro#,+e )ootin"1 deter,ine 3('t is 3ron) 3it( ' sit-'tion Dia"no i -So+#tion Pro,+e% 1 deter,ine (o3 to tre't2res+ond to ' sit-'tion Strate"ic Perfor%ance1 +er#or, ' $o,+le< s0ill or t's0 Sit#ate$ Ca e-Po+ic/ Pro,+e% 1 'n'l=Fe ' $'se s$en'rio De i"n Pro,+e% 1 desi)n 'nd de%elo+ ' +rod-$t to ,eet s+e$i#i$'tions Di+e%%a 1 resol%e 'n iss-e 3it( t3o or ,ore o++osin) +ers+e$ti%es Also, ' set o# +ro/le,s $'n /e $onsidered 'n'l=sis +ro/le,s s-$( 's1 Identi#= 'nd order t(e seB-enti'l ste+s o# ' +ro$ess C('r'$teriFe ' set o# +(eno,en' /= t(eir $o,+onent ele,ents Identi#= $'-ses le'din) to 'n e%ent or t(e $onseB-en$es deri%ed #ro, 'n e%ent Bre'0 'n e%ent into +ro/le,s 'nd t(e '$tions t'0en to sol%e t(e, 'nd t(e +ro/le,s t(ese '$tions $re'ted *eter,ine $'-se 'nd e##e$t E<',ine +'rts o# ' 3(ole 'nd t(eir rel'tions(i+s *eter,ine t(e si,il'rities 'nd di##eren$es o# ' +l'$e, e%ent, or +eo+le Bre'0 into 'nd identi#= +'rts
A((en$i6 C
8K C+a
roo% A
e
%ent Tec)ni-#e .CATS0
8o-r$e1 An)elo, &. A. 'nd Cross, K. ;. >1996? C assroom 5ssessment Techni2ues? 5 8and!oo/ $or Co ege Teachers. 8'n Fr'n$is$o1 Mosse=5B'ss.
Tec)ni-#e for A
I' A e
in" Co#r e-Re+ate$ Cnow+e$"e J Ski++
in" Prior Cnow+e$"e@ Reca++@ an$ ;n$er tan$in"
The C5T; in this grou' are recommended to assess declarative earning, the content o$ a 'articu ar su!,ect. 1' !ack"ro#n$ Cnow+e$"e Pro,e* 8(ort, si,+le B-estionn'ires +re+'red /= instr-$tors #or -se 't t(e /e)innin) o# ' $o-rse or 't t(e st'rt o# ne3 -nits or to+i$sE $'n ser%e 's ' +retestE t=+i$'ll= eli$its ,ore det'iled in#or,'tion t('n CA&2. 2' Foc# e$ Li tin"* Fo$-ses st-dentsA 'ttention on ' sin)le i,+ort'nt ter,, n',e, or $on$e+t #ro, ' lesson or $l'ss session 'nd dire$ts st-dents to list ide's rel'ted to t(e C#o$-s.D 4' Mi conce(tionBPreconce(tion C)eck* Fo$-s is on -n$o%erin) +rior 0no3led)e or /elie#s t('t (inder or /lo$0 ne3 le'rnin)E $'n /e desi)ned to -n$o%er in$orre$t or in$o,+lete 0no3led)e, 'ttit-des, or %'l-es. 7' E%(t/ O#t+ine * In ' li,ited ',o-nt o# ti,e st-dents $o,+lete 'n e,+t= or +'rti'll= $o,+leted o-tline o# 'n in5$l'ss +resent'tion or (o,e3or0 'ssi)n,ent. 8' Me%or/ Matri6* 8t-dents $o,+lete ' t'/le '/o-t $o-rse $ontent in 3(i$( ro3 'nd $ol-,n (e'din)s 're $o,+lete /-t $ells 're e,+t=. 9' Min#te Pa(er* ;er('+s t(e ,ost #reB-entl= -sed CA&E st-dents 'ns3er t3o B-estions1 W('t 3's t(e ,ost i,+ort'nt t(in) =o- le'rned d-rin) t(is $l'ssH And 3('t i,+ort'nt B-estion re,'ins -n'ns3eredH :' M#$$ie t Point* Considered /= ,'n= 's t(e si,+lest CA&E st-dents res+ond to one B-estion >W('t 3's t(e ,-ddiest +oint in TTTTTTTTT H?E 3ell s-ited to l'r)e, lo3er di%ision $o-rses /-t not to t(ose 3(i$( e,+('siFe inte)r'tion, s=nt(esis 'nd e%'l-'tion.
II' A
in" Ski++ in Ana+/ i an$ Critica+ T)inkin"
The C5T; in this grou' $ocus on analysis@the !rea/ing do0n o$ in$ormation, 2uestions, or 'ro! ems to $aci itate understanding and 'ro! em so ving. L' Cate"oriDin" Gri$* 8t-dents $o,+lete ' )rid $ont'inin) t3o or t(ree o%er'r$(in) $on$e+ts 'nd ' %'riet= o# rel'ted s-/ordin'te ele,ents 'sso$i'ted 3it( t(e l'r)er $on$e+ts. M' Definin" Feat#re Matri6* 8t-dents $'te)oriFe $on$e+ts '$$ordin) to +resen$e or '/sen$e o# i,+ort'nt de#inin) #e't-res. 1K' Pro an$ Con Gri$* 8t-dents list +ros2$ons, $osts2/ene#its, 'd%'nt')es2dis'd%'nt')es o# 'n iss-e, B-estion or %'l-e o# $o,+etin) $l'i,s. 11' Content@ For%@ an$ F#nction O#t+ine * In 'n o-tline #or,, st-dents 'n'l=Fe t(e C3('tD >$ontent?, C(o3D >#or,?, 'nd C3(=D >#-n$tion? o# ' +'rti$-l'r ,ess')e >e.). +oe,, ne3s+'+er stor=, /ill/o'rd, $riti$'l ess'=?E 'lso $'lled CW('t, Io3, V W(= -tlines.D 12' Ana+/tic Me%o * 8t-dents 3rite ' one5 or t3o5+')e 'n'l=sis o# ' s+e$i#i$ +ro/le, or iss-e to (el+ in#or, ' de$ision5,'0er.
III' A
in" Ski++ in S/nt)e i an$ Creative T)inkin"
The C5T; in this grou' $ocus on synthesis@each stimu ate the student to create, and a o0 the $acu t* to assess, origina inte ectua 'roducts that resu t $rom a s*nthesis o$ course content and the students" inte igence, ,udgment, /no0 edge, and s/i s. 14' One-Sentence S#%%ar/* 8t-dents 'ns3er t(e B-estions CW(o does 3('t to 3(o,, 3(en, 3(ere, (o3, 'nd 3(=HD >W*WWWWIW? '/o-t ' )i%en to+i$ 'nd t(en $re'tes ' sin)le in#or,'ti%e, )r',,'ti$'l, 'nd lon) s-,,'r= senten$e. 17' 5or$ Ho#rna+* in%ol%es ' t3o5+'rt res+onseE #irst, t(e st-dent s-,,'riFes ' s(ort te<t in ' sin)le 3ord 'nd se$ond, t(e st-dent 3rites 152 +'r')r'+(s e<+l'inin) t(e 3ord $(oi$e. 18' A((ro6i%ate Ana+o"ie * 8t-dents si,+l= $o,+lete t(e 2nd ('l# o# 'n 'n'lo)=Sa is to , 's 6 is to /E des$ri/ed 's '++ro<i,'te /e$'-se ri)or o# #or,'l lo)i$ is not reB-ired. 19' Conce(t Ma( * 8t-dents dr'3 or di')r', t(e ,ent'l $onne$tions t(e= ,'0e /et3een ' ,'Gor $on$e+t 'nd ot(er $on$e+ts t(e= ('%e le'rned. 1:' Invente$ Dia+o"#e * 8t-dents s=nt(esiFe t(eir 0no3led)e o# iss-es, +erson'lities, 'nd (istori$'l +eriods into t(e #or, o# ' $'re#-ll= str-$t-red ill-str'ti%e $on%ers'tionE t3o le%els o# in%ention >sele$t 'nd 3e'%e B-otes #ro, +ri,'r= so-r$es or in%ent re'son'/le B-otes t('t #it $('r'$ters 'nd $onte<t?. 1L' Annotate$ Portfo+io * 8t-dents 'sse,/le ' %er= li,ited n-,/er o# e<',+les o# $re'ti%e 3or0 'nd s-++le,ent 3it( o3n $o,,ent'r= on si)ni#i$'n$e o# e<',+les.
IV' A
in" Ski++ in Pro,+e% So+vin"
The C5T; in this grou' $ocus on problem solving skills o$ various /inds@recognition o$ t*'es o$ 'ro! ems, determining 'rinci' es and techni2ues to so ve, 'erceiving simi arities o$ 'ro! em $eatures and a!i it* to re$ ect and then a ter so ution strategies. 1M' Pro,+e% Reco"nition Ta k * 8t-dents re$o)niFe 'nd identi#= +'rti$-l'r +ro/le, t=+es. 2K' 5)at< t)e Princi(+eF* 8t-dents identi#= +rin$i+le or +rin$i+les to sol%e +ro/le,s o# %'rio-s t=+es. 21' Doc#%ente$ Pro,+e% So+#tion * 8t-dents tr'$0 in ' 3ritten #or,'t t(e ste+s t(e= t'0e to sol%e +ro/le,s 's i# #or ' Cs(o3 V tell.D 22' A#$io- an$ Vi$eota(e$ Protoco+ * 8t-dents 3or0 t(ro-)( ' +ro/le, sol%in) +ro$ess 'nd it is $'+t-red to 'llo3 instr-$tors to 'ssess ,et'$o)nition >le'rnerAs '3'reness o# 'nd $ontrol o# t(in0in)?.
V' A
in" Ski++ in A((+ication an$ Perfor%ance
The C5T; in this grou' $ocus on students" a!i ities to apply im'ortant /no0 edge@sometimes re$erenced as conditiona /no0 edge@/no0ing 0hen and 0here to a'' * 0hat the* /no0 and can do. 24' Directe$ Para()ra in"* 8t-dents +'r'+(r'se +'rt o# ' lesson #or ' s+e$i#i$ '-dien$e, de,onstr'tin) '/ilit= to tr'nsl'te (i)(l= s+e$i'liFed in#or,'tion into l'n)-')e t(e $lients or $-sto,ers $'n -nderst'nd. 27' A((+ication Car$ * 8t-dents )ener'te e<',+les o# re'l53or0 '++li$'tions #or i,+ort'nt +rin$i+les, )ener'liF'tions, t(eories or +ro$ed-res. 28' St#$ent-Generate$ Te t G#e tion * 8t-dents )ener'te test B-estions 'nd ,odel 'ns3ers #or $riti$'l 're's o# le'rnin). 29' H#%an Ta,+ea# or C+a Mo$e+in"* 8t-dents tr'ns#or, 'nd '++l= t(eir le'rnin) into Cdoin)D /= +(=si$'ll= ,odelin) ' +ro$ess or re+resentin) 'n i,')e.
2:' Pa(er or Pro>ect Pro (ect# * 8t-dents $re'te ' /rie# +l'n #or ' +'+er or +roGe$t /'sed on =o-r )-idin) B-estions.
Tec)ni-#e for A VI' A e
in" Learner Attit#$e @ Va+#e @ an$ Se+fAwarene of T)eir Attit#$e an$ Va+#e
in" St#$ent < Awarene
The C5T; in this grou' are designed to assist teachers in assessing students" attitudes, opinions, values, and self-a areness 0ithin the course curricu um. 2L' C+a roo% O(inion Po++ * 8t-dents indi$'te de)ree o# ')ree,ent or dis')ree,ent 3it( ' st'te,ent or +ro,+t. 2M' Do#,+e-entr/ Ho#rna+ * 8t-dents re$ord 'nd res+ond to si)ni#i$'nt +'ss')es o# te<t. 4K' Profi+e of A$%ira,+e In$ivi$#a+ * 8t-dents 3rite ' /rie# des$ri+tion o# t(e $('r'$teristi$s o# ' +erson t(e= 'd,ire in ' #ield rel'ted to t(e $o-rse. 41' Ever/$a/ Et)ica+ Di+e%%a* 8t-dents res+ond to ' $'se st-d= t('t +oses ' dis$i+line5 rel'ted et(i$'l dile,,'. 42' Co#r e-re+ate$ Se+f-Confi$ence S#rve/ * 8t-dents $o,+lete 'n 'non=,o-s s-r%e= indi$'tin) t(eir le%el o# $on#iden$e in ,'sterin) t(e $o-rse ,'teri'l.
VII' A
in" St#$ent < Se+f-Awarene
a Learner
The C5T; in this grou' are recommended to he ' students express personal goals and clarify self-concept in order to ma/e a connection !et0een the articu ated goa s and those o$ the course. 44' Foc# e$ A#to,io"ra()ica+ Sketc)e * 8t-dents 3rite ' /rie# des$ri+tion o# ' s-$$ess#-l le'rnin) e<+erien$e t(e= ('d rele%'nt to t(e $o-rse ,'teri'l. 47' Intere tBCnow+e$"eBSki++ C)eck+i t * 8t-dents $o,+lete ' $(e$0list s-r%e= to indi$'te t(eir 0no3led)e, s0ills 'nd interest in %'rio-s $o-rse to+i$s. 48' Goa+ Rankin" an$ Matc)in"* 8t-dents list 'nd +rioritiFe 6 to 5 )o'ls t(e= ('%e #or t(eir o3n le'rnin) in t(e $o-rse. 49' Se+f-A e %ent 5a/ of Learnin"* 8t-dents $o,+'re t(e,sel%es 3it( se%er'l di##erent Cle'rnin) st=lesD +ro#iles to #ind t(e ,ost li0el= ,'t$(.
VIII' A e in" Co#r e-Re+ate$ Learnin" an$ St#$/ Ski++ @ Strate"ie @ J !e)avior
The C5T; in this grou' $ocus !oth student and teacher attention on the behaviors the student actua * engages in hen trying to learn. 4:' Pro$#ctive St#$/-Ti%e Lo" * 8t-dents $o,+lete ' st-d= lo) to re$ord t(e B-'ntit= 'nd B-'lit= o# ti,e s+ent st-d=in) #or ' s+e$i#i$ $o-rse. 4L' P#nct#ate$ Lect#re * 8t-dents /rie#l= re#le$t, t(en $re'te ' 3ritten re$ord o# t(eir listenin) le%el o# ' le$t-re. Re+e't t3i$e in t(e s',e le$t-re 'nd 256 ti,es o%er t3o to t(ree 3ee0s. 4M' Proce Ana+/ i * 8t-dents o-tline t(e +ro$ess t(e= t'0e in $o,+letin) ' s+e$i#ied 'ssi)n,ent. 7K' Dia"no tic Learnin" Lo" * 8t-dents C3rite to le'rnD /= identi#=in), di')nosin), 'nd +res$ri/in) sol-tions to t(eir o3n le'rnin) +ro/le,s.
Tec)ni-#e for A
IN' A e
in" Learner Reaction to In tr#ction
in" Learner Reaction to Teac)er an$ Teac)in"
The C5T; in this grou' are designed to 'rovide context-specific feedback that can im'rove teaching 0ithin a 'articu ar course. 71' C)ain Note * n 'n inde< $'rd t('t is distri/-ted in 'd%'n$e, e'$( st-dent res+onds to 'n o+en5ended +ro,+t '/o-t (is or (er ,ent'l '$ti%it= t('t is 'ns3ered in less t('n ' ,in-te. 72' E+ectronic S#rve/ Fee$,ack* 8t-dents res+ond to ' B-estion or s(ort series o# B-estions '/o-t t(e e##e$ti%eness o# t(e $o-rse. 74' Teac)er-$e i"ne$ Fee$,ack For% * 8t-dents res+ond to s+e$i#i$ B-estions t(ro-)( ' #o$-sed #eed/'$0 #or, '/o-t t(e e##e$ti%eness o# ' +'rti$-l'r $l'ss session. 77' Gro#( In tr#ctiona+ Fee$,ack Tec)ni-#e* 8t-dents res+ond to t(ree B-estions rel'ted to t(e st-dentAs le'rnin) in t(e $o-rse. 78' C+a roo% A e %ent G#a+it/ Circ+e * A )ro-+ or )ro-+s o# st-dents +ro%ide t(e instr-$tor 3it( on)oin) 'ssess,ent o# t(e $o-rse t(ro-)( str-$t-red inter'$tions.
N' A e in" Learner Reaction to C+a Materia+
Activitie @ A
i"n%ent @ an$
The C5T; in this grou' are designed to give teachers in$ormation that 0i he ' them improve their course materials and assignments. 79' RSGC2 .Reca++@ S#%%ariDe@ G#e tion@ Connect an$ Co%%ent0* 8t-dents 3rite /rie# st'te,ents t('t re$'ll, s-,,'riFe, B-estion, $onne$t 'nd $o,,ent on ,e'nin)#-l +oints #ro, +re%io-s $l'ss. 7:' Gro#(-5ork Eva+#ation* 8t-dents $o,+lete ' /rie# s-r%e= '/o-t (o3 t(eir )ro-+ is #-n$tionin) 'nd ,'0e s-))estions #or i,+ro%in) t(e )ro-+ +ro$ess. 7L' Rea$in" Ratin" S)eet * 8t-dents $o,+lete ' #or, t('t r'tes t(e e##e$ti%eness o# t(e 'ssi)ned re'din)s. 7M' A i"n%ent A e %ent * 8t-dents res+ond to t3o or t(ree o+en5ended B-estions '/o-t t(e %'l-e o# 'n 'ssi)n,ent to t(eir le'rnin). 8K' E6a% Eva+#ation * 8t-dents +ro%ide #eed/'$0 '/o-t 'n e<',As le'rnin) %'l-e 'nd2or #or,'t. 8o-r$e1 An)elo, &. A. 'nd Cross, K. ;. >1996? C assroom 5ssessment Techni2ues? 5 8and!oo/ $or Co ege Teachers. 8'n Fr'n$is$o1 Mosse=5B'ss. *o3nlo'ded #ro, (tt+122333.-ore)on.ed-2Wte+2reso-r$es2ne3te'$(2#i#t=T$'ts.+d#
A((en$i6 D
De i"n Te%(+ate for C+a Se ion Sta"e 1 O De ire$ Re #+t E ta,+i )e$ Goa+
;n$er tan$in" * Students understand that!
ill
entia+ G#e tion
Students
ill kno !
Students
ill be able to!
Sta"e 2 O A Perfor%ance Ta k
%ent Evi$ence Ot)er Evi$ence
Sta"e 4 O Learnin" P+an

5HERETO 5 >3(ere itAs )oin), 3('tAs e<+e$ted? H >(oo0 'nd (old interest? E >eB-i+, e<+lore, e<+erien$e? R >o++. to ret(in0 'nd re%ise? E >e%'l-'te 3or0? T >/e t'ilored? O >/e or)'niFed?
Reference an$ A$$itiona+ Re o#rce

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Activities For Learner-Centered Teaching

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ACTIVITIES FOR LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING DEPARTMENT

Overview of Packet Content

A$ti%ities #or !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in), Re%ised 12209 1

Learner-Centere$ Teac)in"* !eco%in" a Life+on" Learner

; in" Active Learnin" Strate"ie in Learner-Centere$ Teac)in"

Critica+ T)inkin" Take St#$ent Dee(er in T)eir Learnin"

A$ti%ities #or !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in), Re%ised 12209 4

T)e I%(ortance of Ref+ection in Learnin"

A$ti%ities #or !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in), Re%ised 12209 9

A kin" !etter G#e tion I%(rove Learnin"

Generic G#e tion Ste%

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A$ti%ities #or !e'rner5Centered &e'$(in), Re%ised 12209 8

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Mo$e+ for Eva+#atin" St#$ent Perfor%ance in Learnin" Activitie

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After Action Review

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Cate"or/* S#""e te$ $#ration* Intent* I%(+e%entation*

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Co%(arative A$vance Or"aniDer

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Definin" Feat#re Matri6

Directe$ Para()ra in"

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