Name__________________ Date__________________

The Enlightenment
Historical Background: Fill in the Blanks Scientific Revolution a. By Galileos death in 1642 the whole traditional view of the physical world as an impenetrable mystery created by god for his own reasons and not responsive to human inquiries, was beginning to break down. b. _____________ physical universe was a sort of gigantic physical clockwork where every part played a role and every movement and change was explained by natural law. c. Both __________ and __________ religions interpreted this as, at least, an implied rejection of the ______________. d. Science came to be seen as an alternative to ____________ in finding useful knowledge and applying it to societys multiple problems. e. Scientists believed that only what could be determined in its existence by the tools of science was reachable by the intellect and useful to humans. f. The science of man was developed to analyze social phenomenon and social institutions using the same methods of science. Rising Middle Class a. The rising __________ became wealthier and more educated. b. This led to a desire for political representation and protection of _________. c. Some aristocrats and liberal minded clergy were also open to the ideas of the Enlightenment. Challenge to Divine Right of Kings and Royal Absolutism a. Kings and Queens ruled absolutely, meaning they made all decisions relating to government and social policy. b. They justified this rule through __________ theory. This theory states that a monarch derives their authority to rule directly from ________. Because of this, the king is subject to no earthly authority including the people. c. Dissatisfied and fed up with their king, England rebelled and overthrew King James II in the _____________________ of 1688. d. They replaced their king with a _______________monarchy that limited the power of the monarch.

Directions: Fill out the main ideas for each term.

Perfectibility

Rationality

Optimism

Secularism

Common Goals among the Philosophes

Directions: Define each of the terms.

Division of Power

Checks and Balances

Constitutional Limits

Freedom of Conscience

Equality before the Law

State Sponsored Education

Revolutions Inspired by the Enlightenment

Directions: Connect the ideas that correspond with the revolution.

Revolution started as a moderate constitutional monarchy.

American Revolution

Started as a middle class tax revolt.

Revolution ended with a military coup.

French Revolution
Several years after the initial overthrow of the government, this revolution devolved into a Reign of Terror.

The revolution was largely successful.