My name is Roman and I am going to talk about specialized vehicles.

With the invention of the motor vehicle our options in transporting goods, passengers and equipment have grown immensely, as they allowed us to move heavy loads and transport heavy equipment with great speed and maneuverability. They enabled us to perform heavy work more efficiently, more massively and faster than before. They also allowed us to respond in timely fashion to emergency situations and be able to bring vital equipment to the scene of the incident. The first type of specialized vehicle I am going to talk about is the engineering vehicle, usually installed on a heavy duty frame specially designed for construction and earthwork operations. They are usually powered by a diesel motor, although in the past you could see internal combustion engines being used and the first of these engineering vehicles were powered by steam engines. They also use tracks for more difficult jobs and special off-road wheels where greater speed or mobility is required. It is interesting to note that tracks werent used on civil machines until after the First World War when they were used on tanks. Most of these vehicles are equipped with hydraulic mechanisms, replacing old mechanical transmissions. The greatest example of such a vehicle is the tractor, which is a vehicle designed to carry a heavy load at slow speeds, designed for hauling loads or heavy machinery used in agriculture and construction. A bulldozer is a tractor equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other such material during construction work and typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials. A harvester is a type of heavy forestry vehicle employed in logging operations for felling, delimbing and bucking trees. A forest harvester is typically employed together with a forwarder that hauls the logs to a roadside landing. Harvesters are built on a robust all-terrain vehicle, either wheeled or tracked. The vehicle may be articulated to provide tight turning capability around obstacles. A loader is a heavy equipment machine often used in construction, primarily used to load material (such as asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, snow, rock, sand) into or onto another type of machinery A dump truck is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt) for construction. A typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear, the front of which can be lifted to allow the contents to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. A forklift truck is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials. was developed in the 1920s . The forklift has since become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing operations. 3minute Civil and emergency vehicles The next category of specialized vehicles is service and emergency vehicles. These inlcude fire apparatus or fire engines, which are vehicles designed to assist in fighting fires by transporting firefighters to the scene and providing them with access to the fire, along with water or other equipment. Most fire engines carry equipment such as ladders, pike poles, axes and cutting equipment, halligan bars, fire extinguishers, ventilating equipment, floodlights, breathing apparatus, and general tools. Many fire appliances are based on standard truck or lorry models with heavy duty suspensions, brakes, tires, transmission and cooling systems; audible and visual warnings such as sirens, horns, and flashing lights; and a two-way radio.

 The fire engine may have several methods of pumping water onto the fire, such as passing water obtained from a fire hydrant through hoses or using a pumping "cannon" (also known as a monitor or deck gun); some trucks have an onboard water reservoir. Some fire engines may carry ladders to gain access to fires occurring in high-rise buildings and remove casualties, or hooks used to pull walls away to expose hidden fire or break windows. Fire departments covering large metropolitan areas may have specialist appliances for dealing with hazardous material incidents. Conventional fire engines can also be used as water cannons for crowd control. Aerial apparatus is the means of access to higher points, in cases when evacuation is needed or the fire is located at a higher elevation. A turntable ladder (TL) is perhaps the best-known form of aerial apparatus, and is used to gain access to fires occurring at height using a large telescopic ladder, where conventional ladders carried on conventional appliances might not reach. Some of these may be hydraulic platforms, which allow more control over the action of the ladder. fireboats to combat fires on watercraft and waterfront areas. Such fireboats pump water from under them, so they can theoretically provide water indefinitely. Railways of the former Soviet Union widely use permanent-readiness fire trains to extinguish fires on the trains, railroad track and adjacent territories which otherwise may not be accessible by the roads. . Despite fulfilling all the necessary railway procedures, the fire trains sometimes arrive at the site faster than the road vehicles, bringing more water supply to tackle the fire. Fire departments may also deploy airplanes and helicopters to attack fire from the air. Such aircraft are fitted with large tanks that drop water or fire retardant chemicals onto the fire. Motorcycles are sometimes equipped for fighting fires or to be used as a first responder unit. They are commonly used in Japan and Hong Kong, for example, in normal everyday duties. The motorcycles are useful for negotiating the small streets and heavy traffic in the large urban areas of Japanese cities. Specialized vehicles can also be seen at airports, where they help in refueling, loading and unloading passengers and goods using Belt loaders and passenger boarding stairs and other such procedures. Police cars are vehicles used by law enforcement in their daily duties and in responding to emergency situations. These vehicles are divided into several types: Patrol cars, also known as cruiser, squad car, panda car, area car and patrol car. Typical uses of a police car include transportation for officers to reach the scene of an incident quickly, to transport criminal suspects, or to patrol an area, while providing a high visibility deterrent to crime. Some police cars are specially adapted for work on busy roads. The first police car was a wagon run by electricity fielded on the streets of Akron, Ohio in 1899. Response car (Pursuit car) A response car is similar to a patrol car, but is likely to be of a higher specification, capable of faster speeds, and will certainly be fitted with audible and visual warnings. These cars are usually only used to respond to emergency incidents, so are designed to travel fast, and may carry specialist equipment, such as large firearms. Traffic car These cars are designed for the job of enforcing traffic laws, and as such usually have the highest performance of any of the police vehicles, as they must be capable of catching most other vehicles on the

road. They may be fitted with special bumpers designed to force vehicles off the road, and may have visual and audible warnings, with special audible warnings which can be heard from a greater distance. Anti-Riot vehicles These vehicles could be divided into three sub-categories. Modified trucks equipped with water cannons, modified stock cars and modified Armored Personnel Carriers. Their function as the name suggests is to help control riots. APCs usually will not require any added protection but their modifications might include some sort of tear gas ejecting method or shields that unfold to create barriers. The water cannon vehicles are used either to break up riots or extinguish fires set by the rioters. A police motorcycle is a motorcycle used by various police forces and departments. They may be custom designed to meet the requirements unique of a particular use. The maneuverability of the motorcycle on crowded streets offers advantages not provided by larger, more traditional police vehicles. The motorcycle's relatively small size allows it to get to accident scenes more quickly when incidents such as traffic collisions slow down access by four-wheel vehicles. Police motorcycles in the United States and Canada typically use purpose-built motorcycles marketed by Harley-Davidson, Kawasaki, Honda, or BMW. In 2008, BMW claimed to be the largest seller of motorcycles for authority use, as more than 100,000 BMW motorcycles were in official use in over 150 countries on five continents. Specialized vehicles are also used to protect individuals. Armored cars are widely used to transport VIPs. They are made by replacing the windows of a standard vehicle (typically a limousine or SUV) with bulletproof glass and inserting layers of armor plate into the body panels. Unlike a military armored car, which has armor plate mounted on the outside of the vehicle, a civilian armored car typically looks no different from a standard vehicle. Civilian armored cars are either (in only a few cases) factory produced or (in the majority of cases) retrofitted versions of series cars. It is a labor-intensive process that generally takes a few weeks and most often costs upward of $100,000 USD. Besides the armor itself, many other protective modifications are available: automatic fire extinguishers, run-flat tires, an explosion-resistant fuel tank, remote starting of the car, pressure and temperature control of the tires, a siren or alarm, and an intercom between the exterior and interior of the car, and a PA system, so that the bodyguards inside the car can communicate via a megaphone to individuals outside the car. Sometimes the inside can be sealed or over-pressured, using its own air supply, to protect against poison gas or tear gas attacks. Armored cars may be provided by governments for elected officials and senior officials who are at risk. In higher-risk areas including Iraq and Afghanistan, even regular officials and public servants may be protected with armored vehicles. Diplomatic missions and private military contractors typically use armored cars as standard vehicles. A common meaning of armored car (or armored cash transport car, security van) is as an armored van or truck, used in transporting valuables, such as large quantities of money (especially for banks or retail companies). The armored car is a multifunctional vehicle designed to protect and ensure the well-being of the transported individuals and/or contents. The armored car is completely bullet proof and can withstand extreme degrees of heat. The car is mostly utilized by the military, but many companies such as; Mercedes, Lexus, Toyota, Cadillac, and BMW, have created armored cars for civilian use, usually to protect valuables.

 The last specialized vehicle I am going to talk about is the ambulance, a medical emergency vehicle. An ambulance is a vehicle for transportation of sick or injured people to, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury, and in some instances will also provide out of hospital medical care to the patient. The word is often associated with road going emergency ambulances which form part of an emergency medical service, administering emergency care to those with acute medical problems. The term ambulance does, however, extend to a wider range of vehicles other than those with flashing warning lights and sirens. The term also includes a large number of non-urgent ambulances which are for transport of patients without an urgent acute condition and a wide range of urgent and non-urgent vehicles. The word originally meant a moving hospital, which follows an army in its movements. Ambulances were first used for emergency transport in 1487 by the Spanish, and civilian variants were put into operation during the 1830s. Advances in technology throughout the 19th and 20th centuries led to the modern self-powered ambulances. There are several types of ambulances. Van or pickup truck A typical ambulance is based on either the chassis of a van (vanbulance) or pickup truck. This chassis is then modified to the designs and specifications of the purchaser. Early ambulances, which were converted (or even serving) hearses. Motorcycle In developed areas, these are used for rapid response in an emergency as they can travel through heavy traffic much faster than a car or van. All-terrain vehicle (ATV) for example quad bikes; these are used for response off road, especially at events. ATVs can be modified to carry a stretcher, and are used for tasks such as mountain rescue in inaccessible areas. Helicopter Usually used for emergency care, either in places inaccessible by road, or in areas where speed is of the essence, as they are able to travel significantly faster than a road ambulance. Boat Boats can be used to serve as ambulances, especially in island areas or in areas with a large number of canals, such as the Venetian water ambulances. Ship Ships can be used as hospital ships, mostly operated by national military services, although some ships are operated by charities. They can meet the definition of ambulances as they provide transport to the sick and wounded (along with treatment). They are often sent to disaster or war zones to provide care for the casualties of these events. Hospital train Early hospital trains functioned to carry large numbers of wounded soldiers. Similar to other ambulance types, as Western medicine developed, hospital trains gained the ability to provide treatment. In some rural locations, hospital trains now function as mobile hospitals. Hospital trains also find use in disaster response. Ambulance are usually equipped with the following Two-way radio One of the most important pieces to the ambulance as it allows communication and sending dispatch orders to the crew. Evidence gathering CCTV Some ambulances are now being fitted with video cameras used to record activity either inside or outside the vehicle. This can be used as a form of protection from violence against ambulance crews, or in some cases (dependent on local laws) to prove or disprove cases where a member of crew stands accused of malpractice.

 Tail lift or ramp Ambulances can be fitted with a tail lift or ramp in order to facilitate loading a patient without having to undertake any lifting. Trauma lighting In addition to normal working lighting, ambulances can be fitted with special lighting (often blue or red) which is used when the patient becomes photosensitive. Air conditioning Ambulances are often fitted with a separate air conditioning system to serve the working area from that which serves the cab. This helps to maintain an appropriate temperature for any patients being treated, but may also feature additional features such as filtering against airborne pathogens.

 My name is Roman and I am going to talk about specialized vehicles. With the invention of the motor vehicle our options in transporting goods, passengers and equipment have grown immensely, as they allowed us to move heavy loads and transport heavy equipment with great speed and maneuverability. They enabled us to perform heavy work more efficiently, more massively and faster than before. They also allowed us to respond in timely fashion to emergency situations and be able to bring vital equipment to the scene of the incident. Earthwork, powered by diesel, combustion, steam the tractor, which is a vehicle designed to carry a heavy load at slow speeds, designed for hauling loads or heavy machinery used in agriculture and construction. Bulldozer Harvester, tight turning, forwarder Loader, asphalt,dirt, snow rock sand Dump truck loose material (sand, dirt) Hydraulically operated open box at the rear which can be lifted to allow the matter contained to be deposited on the ground Forklift Truck, manufacturing warehouses Civil and emergency Fire engines, vehicles designed to assist in fighting fires by transporting firefighters to the scene and providing them with access to the fire, along with water or other equipment. Ladders, axes and cutting fire extinguishers breathing apparatus and gen tools. Pump water, from hydrant or water reservoir. Cannon, used for riots. Hook for breaking windows walls Aerial Apparatus, means of accessing higher points, higher fires, people trapped. Turntable ladder, large telescopic ladder. Some hydraulic, more control Fire trains, former soviet on tracks, near tracks, Fire planes, helicopters, reservoir Motorcycles, first firemen as fast as possible, Hong Kong Japan small streets heavy traffic Belt Loaders Passenger Boarding Stairs Police cars law enforcement Patrol cars,cruiser, panda car. Transport officers to, criminals, patrol Response, emergency only, faster , visual audio warnings, more equipment like guns. Traffic Car, the fastest, the most powerful, bumpers to push off road, to catch most cars on the road, sirens from a greater distance Anti-riot, trucks or armored military transport with a water cannon, to break up riots and put out fires by rioters. Motorcycle, crowded streets, faster to accidents when road is blocked. Harley Davidson, Honda, and BMW, claims to be the most popular, 100000 in over 150 countries Armored Cars, VIP car, layers of armor plate into the body, looks no different than a normal car.sometimes factory, most times modified from regular cars, 100000usd, auto fire extinguish, run-flat tires, explosion resistant fuel tank, alarms, own air-supply against gas attacks. Elected officials. Higher risk areas, Iraq Afghanistan, regular officials. Diplomatic Missions and Private military contractors, use regularly Security Van valuables banks or large companies, bullet proof, high temp Ambulance trsport sick or injured, acute medical problems, first funeral cars, hearses Motorcycle rapid response All terrain vehicle at events, mountain rescues innaccesible areas Helicopter, faster than ground Boat, island areas, many canal, Venetian water ambulances. Ship, military, charities, transport treatment disaster, war zones casualties At first wounded soldiers, now treatment, in rural, mobile hospitals, disaster response. Equipped: Dispatch orders. Violence against ambulance crew, or when the doctors accused of malpractice, tail lift ramp easier loading without lifting,trauma lighting photosensitive, working area vs the driver