Federalist John Adams Supported by rank and file Federalists of the Northeast Alexander Hamilton subverts the election

ion Adams gets 65 electoral votes

Democrat -Republican Thomas Jefferson Support from south and west (universal manhood suffrage) Gets boost from Aaron Burr New York Wins election but ties with Burr

Solving the Deadlock

Jefferson and Burr with equal votes in the electoral college =73 Election to be decided by the House 35 ballots undecided and Burr will not withdraw (he had always been running as VP) On the 36th Burr lost the support of one Federalist (probably at the urging of Hamilton) and Jefferson finally won the election.

Twelfth Amendment
Ratified in 1804 Started after the election of 1796 In that Election Adams was elected President (Federalist) and Jefferson (a DemocratRepublican) had the second highest votes and was VicePresident The electoral college now casts separate ballots for the President and Vice-President

The Revolution of 1800

Orderly transition of power Jefferson we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists Washington DC Designed by Pierre LEnfant Paris of the US Jefferson will submit messages to Congress not much of public speaker

JEFFERSON
Believes that Americas future is to be a society of sturdy Independent Farmers and: The Republicans are the guardians of agrarian purity, liberty and states rights He favors public education Promotes the concept of the Republican Mother

Jeffersons Cabinet

Yazoo Land Fraud

I have deleted the info. on this slide. Yazoo Land Fraud has to do with the court case Fletcher v. Peck in 1810. Fletcher v. Peck is talked about in chapter 12. So you are just going to have to wait for it. Im sure the suspense is killing you. For nowcross out this section on your handout.

Background of Marbury v.

Madison

Marbury v Madison
So Judiciary Act of 1801 John Adams & Federalist congress leaving office Established 16 new federal judgeships Adams packed the Judicial branch with Federalists, who are appointed for life.
This is an edited portion of the PPits not on your handout.

Marbury v Madison
These are known as the midnight appointments Not all were delivered on time, including
This is an edited portion of the PPits not on your handout.

William Marburys appointment as Federal Judge of District of Columbia

Marbury v Madison
James Madison
This is an edited portion of the PPits not on your handout.

(Why would he want to more Federalist judges? Marbury chooses to sue Madison for the commission.

Democratic-Republican Jeffersons Secretary of State doesnt deliver these appointments either

Marbury v Madison
Marbury v. Madison case goes to the Supreme Court. John Marshall dismisses the case. Sounds like a victory for the Jeffersonian republicans, right? NOPE.
This is an edited portion of the PPits not on your handout.

Marbury v Madison
Marbury was using the Judiciary Act of 1789 to make his plea. In the process, Marshall declares the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional The court never had the power before to declare a law unconstitutional.
This is an edited portion of the PPits not on your handout.

Marbury v Madison
This is an edited portion of the PPits not on your handout.

Marbury v Madison

Marbury v Madison

The Judiciary (Continued)

John Pickering District judge Accused of being drunk (guilty) while on duty Also accused of making unlawful rulings Impeached by the House Found guilty by Senate and removed from office Samuel Chase (Supreme Court Justice) Insulted Jefferson from the Bench After his success with Pickering, Jefferson tries to get Chase removed Impeached by the House Senate could not get 2/3 majority

The Judiciary (Continued)

Barbary Pirates (not Pirates of the Caribbean)

Barbary Pirates (not Pirates of the Caribbean) Jefferson sends in troops without a declaration of war from Congress Stephen Decatur

American hero In 1804 leads raid to burn the Philadelphia It was a US ship soon to be converted into a pirate ship

Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon regains Louisiana from Spain Spain had not been a US threat but France is Right of Deposit threatened Jefferson wants New Orleans
(a place to store goods traveling from Mississippi to the Atlantic).

Sent James Monroe to France Robert Livingston--already there Authorized them to buy any part of New Orleans for up to $10 Million

Louisiana Purchase (Contd)

Jefferson had written to Livingston:

Livingston and Monroe begin to negotiate

While France is a natural friend, New Orleans was the One single spot on earth that the possessor was our natural and habitual enemy. If France controls New Orleans, we shall marry ourselves to the British if necessary.

Louisiana Purchase (Continued) Napoleon

Napoleon had bad experience in Caribbean, i.e. Santo Domingo: Napoleon gives up Willing to sell entire Louisiana Purchase area for $15 Million

Sugar-rich colony Toussaint LOuverture leads a rebellion Brother-in-law killed Yellow Fever Kills French

Plans another war with England Not willing to risk that England will get it postwar Did not want us to become allies with Britain

Lewis and Clark 1804-1806

A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, drawing by W. Clark

A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, drawing by W. Clark Drawn by Meriwether Lewis's traveling mate on the famous expedition and combining Clark's own observations with those of Indians and explorers, this 1814 map gave Americans their first view of the vast territory purchased in 1803. Clark's depiction of the Rockies was substantially accurate, his description of the Southwest less so. (Library of Congress Geography & Map division)

Zebulon Pike

Aaron Burr Conspiracy

Aaron Burr Conspiracy

Hamilton-Burr Duel
Alexander Hamilton Head of Federalist Party Commander of NY Militia Hates dueling but felt his honor was at stake Decides not to fire his pistol Aaron Burr Responsible for Jeffersons victory in 1800 he delivered NY state. Challenges Hamilton to duel after losing (he took 4th) the bid for Governor of NY Was still the V.P. of the U.S. at the time!!

Hamilton-Burr Duel

Precarious Neutrality
England and France are at war AGAIN
The U.S. (neutral) is making a huge profit U. S. merchant marine second only to Britain

Orders in Council
(1806) Britain: No ships can sail to France!

Berlin and Milan decrees

Napoleon: seize ships going to British ports

Precarious Neutrality

Chesapeake Leopard Affair

Chesapeake Encounter with the Leopard A painting of the British frigate Leopard firing its guns into the U.S.S. Chesapeake when the U.S. ship refused to be searched for British deserters. The British boarded the subdued Chesapeake and seized four deserters, three of them American citizens. Americans were humiliated and angered by the British violation of American rights. (Courtesy of William Gilkerson)

 British Navy had been impressing sailors from American merchant marine
Britain is short-handed
many sailors have jumped ship usually while in America

Chesapeake - Leopard Affair

British Leopard ship fires a warning shot at U.S.S. Chesapeake. British demand 4 deserters American Capt. James Baron refuses The British open fire
kill 3 Take 4 men off the ship Hanged 1 on the masthead of the Chesapeake The ultimate insult to U.S. navy

Peaceable Coercion
U.S. demands war A war right then with Britain (or any other country for that matter) would ruin U.S. France is also seizing men and ships Jefferson tries diplomacy Jefferson is a pacifist He had reduced the size of the Army and Navy He reasons that if we stop trading with Britain and France their economy will be hurt

EMBARGO of 1807
To force British and French to stop impressments and seizing American ships through economic pressure No U.S. ships to any foreign ports even stops coastal trade Worst economic depression in U.S Federalist revived Essex Junto again Will finally effect France and Britain but the US cannot hold on long enough

EMBARGO of 1807

EMBARGO of 1807 cont.

Non-Intercourse Act 1809 Macons Bill # 2
If either France or Britain drop their restrictions, we will trade with them Napoleon says he will doesn't

Opens trade with the world except Britain & France who just happen to be the most important

President James Madison

War Hawks

Indian Problems
1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers English inciting the Indians against the US on the frontier providing arms, etc. William Henry Harrison
paying for scalps Treaty of Grenville Indians ousted from Ohio

Uses trickery to obtain treaties

Defeats Tecumsehs coalition Destroys the Indian Confederation put together by Tecumseh

Tecumseh and the Prophet

Tecumseh and the Prophet

Shawnee Chief Tecumseh: "No tribe has the right to sell, even to each other, much less to strangers.... Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn't the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children? The way, the only way to stop this evil is for the red man to unite in claiming a common and equal right in the land, as it was first, and should be now, for it was never divided." We gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game, and in return what did they give our warriors and our women? Rum, trinkets, and a grave. Brothers -- My people wish for peace; the red men all wish for peace; but where the white people are, there is no peace for them, except it be on the bosom of our mother. Where today are the Pequot? Where today are the Narragansett, the Mohican, the Pakanoket, and many other once powerful tribes of our people? They have vanished before the avarice and the oppression of the White Man, as snow before a summer sun."

Florida
Slaves escape to Florida Indians and escaped slaves raid border towns (US side) and then return to Florida Spain is too weak to patrol the border or stop attacks on US towns West Florida acquired in 1810 part of Mississippi and Louisiana Baton rouge seized by American settlers There is a desire to gain all of Florida Spain an ally with Britain a victory might achieve this

War Declared
Madison, convinced that war is inevitable, asks congress to declare war June 1, 1812 Close vote, supported by South and West and Republicans in Pennsylvania & Virginia New England Federalist were against the war Pro-British antiFrench Napoleon butcher Opposed the acquiring of Canada more Republican land Loaned money to Great Britain, sent food to Canada

Dolly Madison by Gilbert Stuart, 1804 As the attractive young wife of Secretary of State James Madison, Dolley Madison acted virtually as the nation's First Lady during the administration of Jefferson, a widower. Friendly, tactful, and blessed with an unfailing memory for names and events, she added to her reputation as an elegant hostess after her husband became president. ( White House

Historical Association)

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors The impressment of sailors into the British navy from American ships was one of the more prominent causes of the War of 1812. This 1790 engraving shows an American sailor being seized at gunpoint while those who might try to assist him are elbowed aside. (Library of Congress)
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

New Orleans Under My Wings The French and Spanish developed this port city during the eighteenth century. By century's end many in the United States saw New Orleans as a key to the new nation's future expansion and prosperity. (Chicago Historical Society)

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The Shawnee chief Tecumseh Tecumseh and his brother, Prophet, led a revival of traditional Shawnee culture and preached Native American federation against white encroachment. In the War of 1812 they allied themselves with the British, but Tecumseh's death at the Battle of the Tames (1813) and British indifference thereafter caused Native Americans' resistance and unity to collapse. (Tecumseh: Field Museum of

Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805 This portrait of President Thomas Jefferson was painted by Rembrandt Peale in 1805. Charles Willson Peale (Rembrandt's father) and his five sons helped establish the reputation of American art in the new nation. Rembrandt Peale achieved fame for his presidential portraits; here he has captured Jefferson in a noble pose without the usual symbols of office or power, befitting the Republican age. ((c)

Collection of The New-York Historical Society)

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Thomas Jefferson's Polygraph, 1806 Jefferson judged this "polygraph" to be the finest invention of his age. He used it to make copies of his letters from 1806 until his death. (Monticello/Thomas Jefferson

Memorial Foundation, Inc.)

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Toussaint L'Ouverture by William Edouard Scott With backing from the French, Franois Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture (center) led his fellow slaves in a revolt against their French and Spanish masters, driving the Europeans from the West Indian island of Santo Domingo in 1791. Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte double-crossed L'Ouverture in 1802, sending a French army to seize the island. Although L'Ouverture was captured, his army defeated the French, creating the republic of Haiti in 1804.

(Amistad Research Center, New Orleans, AFAC Collection)