PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE MATHEMATICAL MODELING

MOIZ AHMED RANA BSEE01093080R NAEEM HAFEEZ BSEE01093011 HABIB UR REHMAN BSEE01093109 AWAIS MURTAZA BSEE01093167 ABDUS SAMAD FAROOQ BSEE01093153

ABSTRACT--- This paper is related to the photovoltaic module and its mathematical modeling using Simulink and MATLAB. The PV and IV relations for the module are discussed along with their Simulink modeling. INTRODUCTION Solar power technology enhances PV output by concentrating a large area of sunlight into a small beam using lenses, mirrors, and tracking systems. Parabolic troughs and solar power towers are examples of such technologies. Among the renewable energy resources, the energy due to the photovoltaic (PV) effect can be considered the most essential and prerequisite sustainable resource because of the ubiquity, abundance, and sustainability of solar radiant energy. Regardless of the intermittency of sunlight, solar energy is widely available and is free. Recently, photovoltaic system is recognized to be in the forefront in renewable electric power generation. It can generate direct current electricity without environmental impact and contamination when exposed to solar radiation. Being a semiconductor device, the PV system is static, quiet, free of moving parts, and has little operation and maintenance costs. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PV MODULE A solar cell is basically a p-n junction fabricated in a thin wafer of semiconductor. The electromagnetic radiation of solar energy can be directly converted to electricity through photovoltaic effect. Being exposed to the sunlight, photons with energy greater than the band-gap energy of the semiconductor creates some electron-hole pairs proportional to the incident irradiation. The above circuit is an equivalent to a PV cell modeled as a diode. The current source Iph represents the cell photocurrent. Rsh and Rs are the intrinsic shunt and series resistances of the cell, respectively. Usually the value of Rsh is very large and that of Rs is very small, hence they may be neglected to simplify the analysis. PV cells are grouped in larger units called PV modules which are further interconnected in a parallel-series configuration to form PV arrays. The photovoltaic panel can be modeled mathematically as given in equations (1)- (4) [3] [5].

SIMULINK MODELING OF PV MODULE A model of PV module with moderate complexity that includes the temperature independence of the photocurrent source, the saturation current of the diode, and a series resistance is considered based on the Shockley diode equation. Being illuminated with radiation of sunlight, PV cell converts part of the photovoltaic potential directly into electricity with both I-V and P-V output characteristics. Using the equations given in previous section, Simulink modeling is done in the following steps. A. Step 1 Subsystem 1 is shown in following figure. This model converts the module operating temperature given in degrees Celsius to Kelvin.

Module operating temperature TaK=30 to 70oC Module reference temperature TrK = 25oC. Short circuit current (ISC) = 2.55A

C. Step 3 Subsystem 3 is shown in figure below. This model takes short circuit current ISC at reference temp=2.55 and module reference temperature TrK = 25oC as input. B. Step 2 Subsystem 2 is shown in next figure. This model takes following inputs. Insolation/ Irradiation (G / 1000) 1 kW/ m2=1.

E. Step 5

This model takes operating temperature in Kelvin TaK and calculates the product NsAkT, the denominator of the exponential function in equation (4).

D. Step 4 This model takes reverse saturation current Irs, Module reference temperature TrK = 250 C and Module operating temperature TaK as input and calculates module saturation current. F. Step 6 This model executes the function given by the equation (4).The following function equation is used. IPV = u(3)-u(4)*(exp((u(2)*(u(1)+u(6)))/(u(5)))-1)

FINAL MODEL:

The final model is shown in above figure. The workspace is added to measure Ipv, Vpv, Ppv in this model. The time t-out is stored in workspace with scope model can be used to plot graph. [Content taken from ICEES paper Mathematical Modeling of Photovoltaic Module with Simulink by N. Pandiarajan and Ranganath Muthu]