Assignment (Extra Credits) EE-509 Network Theory

Submitted to: Dr. I-Hung Khoo Submitted by: Miss Neeru Singh (011656383) Date: 12-17-2013

Energy consumption of electronic devices has become a serious concern in recent years. Energy efficiency is necessary to lengthen the battery lifetime in portable systems, as well as to reduce the operational costs (e.g. cost of electricity) and the environmental impact (e.g. cooling fan noise) of stationary systems. Optimization in design and utilization of both hardware and software is needed in order to achieve more energy efficient systems. In this report I will explain what I learnt during IEEE Green Energy and Systems Conference (IGESC 2013). I will discuss the four most thought-provoking presentations, first, On a Flywheel-Based Regenerative Braking System for Regenerative Energy Recovery, second, On the Sustainability of Electrical Vehicles which was lectured by Dr. Tai-Ran Hsu, San Jose State University, third, Battery Placement On Performance Of VAR Controls by Dr. Hen-Guel Yeh, fourth Design Of Fast Response Smart Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure by Dr. ChingYen Chung. The conference was aimed to attract researchers and practitioners from crossdisciplinary and relevant research communities involved in green energy and associated technology.

On a Flywheel-Based Regenerative Braking System for Regenerative Energy Recovery

This paper presents a unique flywheel-based regenerative energy recovery, storage and release system developed at the author`s lab.it can recover and store regenerative energy produced by braking a motion generator with intermittent rotary velocity such as the rotor of a wind turbogenerator subject to intermittent intake wind and the axels of electric and hybrid gas-electric vehicles during frequent coasting and braking. Releasing of the stored regenerative energy in the flywheel is converted to electricity by the attached alternator.

On the Sustainability of Electrical Vehicles

Many perceive EVs to be eco-environmentally sustainable because they are free of emissions of toxic and greenhouse gases to the environment. However, few have questioned the sustainability of electric power required to drive these vehicles. This paper presents an in-depth study that indicates that massive infusion of EVs to our society in a short time span will likely create a colossal demand for additional electric power generating much beyond what US

electric power generating industry capacity. Additionally, such demand would result in much adverse environmental consequences if the currents technology of electric power generation by predominant fossil fuels continues. Other rarely accounted facts on environmental impacts by EVs are the substantial electric energy required to produce batteries that drive EVs, and the negative consequences relating to the recycling of spent batteries

Battery Placement on Performance of VAR Controls

Batterys role in the development of smart grid is gaining greater attention as an energy storage device that can be integrated with a PV cell in the distribution circuit. As more PVs are connected to the system, real power injection to the distribution can cause fluctuations in the voltage. Due to the rapid fluctuations of the voltage, a more advanced volt-ampere reactive (VAR) power control scheme on a fast time scale is used to minimize the voltages deviation on the distribution. Employing both global and local dynamic VAR control schemes in our previous work, they show the effects of battery placement on the performances of VAR controls in the example of a single branch radial distribution circuit. Simulations verify that having battery placements at the rear in the distribution circuits can provide smaller voltage variations and higher energy savings than front battery placements when used with dynamic CAR control algorithms

Design of Fast Response Smart Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

The response time of the smart electrical vehicle charging infrastructures is the key index of the system performance. The traffic between the smart EV charging station and the control center dominates the response time of the smart EV charging station, there is a need for a technology that collects the information locally and relays it to the control center periodicaaly.to reduce the traffic between the smart EV charger and the control center, a power information collector, capable of collecting all the meters power information in the charging station, is proposed and implemented in this paper. The response time is further reduced by pushing the power information to the control center. Thus, a fast response smart EV charging infrastructures is achieved to handle the shortage of energy in local grid.