Garcia1

JiordyGarcia ProfessorJacobs ENC1102 17April2014 AnnotatedBibliography Eckstein,Barbara."Hawthorne's'TheBirthmark':ScienceandRomanceasBelief."Studiesin ShortFiction26.4(Fall1989):511519.Rpt.inShortStoryCriticism.Ed.RachelleMucha andThomasJ.Schoenberg.Vol.89.Detroit:Gale,2006.LiteratureResourcesfromGale. Web.3Apr.2014. Theauthor,BarbaraEcksteingivesusthescientificviewpointofthestory.Shebetterexplains thecharactersandAylmerandwhyheisuncompassionate.Thenshegoesintodetailabouthowthe scientistmindworks,andwhytheyactacertainway.Thensheexplainstousabouttheromanceside ofthestorywhichbetterexplainswhyAylmerdoesnotacceptthebirthmarkandissoobsessedwith takingitoff,andwhyGeorgianaallowshimtopursuethesurgery.Aftershetellsthereaderaboutthe charactersandwhattheysymbolizethenshetellsusaboutthesettingandthealchemicsideofAylmer, andhowalchemyplaysamainpartofthattime. Ifoundthisarticletobeextremelyhelpful,ithelpsusgetintothemindofboththemain characters.ItgavemeabetterunderstandingofreasonbehindAylmersactionsandmoretotalkabout whenitcamedowntoFeministcriticismandmyliteraryelements. Ithelpedmeseeboththescientific symbolismandtheromanticsideofittoo.

Fetterley,Judith."WomenBewareScience:'TheBirthmark.'."CriticalEssaysonHawthorne's

Garcia2

ShortStories.Ed.AlbertJ.vonFrank.Boston,Mass.:G.K.Hall&Co.,1991.164172. Rpt.inShortStoryCriticism.Ed.RachelleMuchaandThomasJ.Schoenberg.Vol.89. Detroit:Gale,2006.LiteratureResourcesfromGale.Web.14Apr.2014 Fetterleytouchesalotoftopicsofcharacterization,andfeministcriticism.Shegoesoverallthe roleseachcharacterplays.Shealsoshowswhateachcharacterrepresent,andsomeallegoriesbehind thebirthmark,AylmerandGeorgiana.Fetterleyalsoteachesthereaderhowtheyallplayintogetherto makethestorymakesense,andmakeitagoodshortstory.Thenshetiesitinwithfeministcriticism withalltheroles.HetellsushowGeorgianaisoppressedandviolated,andmistreated.Anotherthisshe didwaspointouteveryliteraryelementthatHawthorneusedtocreatethestory. Thisarticlehelpedmebetterunderstandtheshortstory.Fetterleymakesitclearhowfeminism playsamajorroleinTheBirthmark.Shetiedinallthepartsofthestorywithfeministcriticism.She achievedthingsthattheotherarticlesfailedtodo,forexamplesheusedfeministcriticismineverything sheanalyzed.Sheintroducedthereaderinthescienceofthattime,andwhattheyusedasmedicineor medicalpracticessuchas,alchemy. Hawthorne,Nathaniel.TheBirthmark.Mays,KellyJ.TheNortonIntroductiontoLiterature. NewYork:W.W.Norton&Company,2013.1931.Print.Rosenberg,Liz. TheBirthmarkbyNathanielHawthorneisashortstoryaboutanewlywedcouplethatfacesa problemrightaftermarriage.NathanielHawthornewritesthestoryfromathirdpersonomniscientpoint ofview.Thethemeheusedwastryingtoperfectnatureandindoingsohecreatesadisaster.Healso

Garcia3

questionsmoralityandhowimportantitisinlife,andifwithoutmoralsaneventwillturnoutbad. HawthorneusesmultiplesymbolssuchasAminadabsymbolizingman'struenatureandAylmerbeing thesoulpartofnature. Thisstorywasveryintriguingbecauseitquestionsmoralityandhowmensometimestriestofix thingsthatshouldnotbefixedandintheprocessruinseverything.Heusedthemeandsymbolismto paintabiggerpictureforthereaderandgivesthestoryagloomy,darkerfeeltoit.Hewordsthestory insuchthatweknowwhospeakswithouthimhavingtoaddressthecharacterspeaking. Rosenberg,Liz."'TheBestThatEarthCouldOffer':'TheBirthMark,'ANewlywed'sStory." StudiesinShortFiction30.2(Spring1993):145151.Rpt.inShortStoryCriticism.Ed. RachelleMuchaandThomasJ.Schoenberg.Vol.89.Detroit:Gale,2006.Literature ResourcesfromGale.Web.8Apr.2014 RosenberghelpsthereaderbetterunderstandTheBirthmarkbyNathanielHawthorne.She coversthetopicoftheheroAylmer,andhowthischaractercorrelatestoHawthornehimself.She thengivesusexplanationsofthecharacterAminadab,andexplainshisroleinthestoryandhis connectiontoAylmer.Anothertopicthatshecoversisthealchemy,animism,andalteregosthat Aylmerhas. Ithoughtthisarticlewasveryhelpful,itcovers19thcenturyideologies,andthingsaboutsetting. Idifferedtheotherarticlesinwhichitexplainsthealteregothathehas,andthathelpsmebetterexplain

Garcia4

Aylmerscharacter.Italsocomparesittootherliteraryworksandshowsussimilaritiesbetween NathanielHawthorne'slife,andhisperspectiveonlifeinhisliteraryworks.

"TheBirthmark."ShortStoryCriticism.Ed.RachelleMuchaandThomasJ.Schoenberg.Vol. 89.Detroit:Gale,2006.LiteratureResourcesfromGale.Web.3Apr.2014. Theauthorbreaksdowntheshortstoryforusinfourmajortopics.Theintroduction,whichhe tellsustheplotandsummaryofthestory,andsomebackgroundinformationaboutthestoryandthe author.Thenhegivesusthecharactersandtellsuswhatrolestheyplayinthestory,hebetterexplains tousthereasonwhyeachcharacteristhewaytheyare.Afterthattheauthorexplainstousthemajor themesTheBirthmarkhas,tellinguswhattypesofcriticismareappropriateforthisworkofliterature. HefurtherexplainsthecriticalreceptionsindetailandgivesalotofinformationonwhyHawthorne wrotethisstory. Thearticlegivesmealotofinformationthatotherarticlesfailedtogive.Theauthordumbsit downforthereaderandbetterexplainstothereaderaboutthestory.Hedoesnotgiveirrelevantand complexexamplesandpoints.IfeelasifthisarticleisoneofthebestarticlesthatIfound,becauseall theotheroneskeeptalkingaboutthedetailshowitwaswrittenandnotwhyhewroteit.Hisgoalisto tellthereaderwhyHawthornewrotethisstoryandwhatelementsheincorporatedtomakeThe Birthmarkoneofhisbeststory.

Garcia5