23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )

27

Page 1
125

1)

If the radius of the 13Al nucleus is estimated to be 3.6 fermi, then the radius of 52Te nucleus will be nearly ( a ) 8 fermi ( b ) 6 fermi ( c ) 5 fermi ( d ) 4 fermi [ AIEEE 2005 ]
66

2)

3)

The diagram shows the energy levels for an electron in a certain atom. Which transition shown represents the emission of a photon with the most energy ( a ) IV (b) (c) (d)

ra
5B

4)

A nuclear transformation is de noted by X ( n nucleus of element X ? 10 12 11 ( b ) 6C ( c ) 4Be (d) ( a ) 5B

ce .c
[ AIEEE 2005 ] ) 3Li . Which of
9 7

xa

6)

A nucleus disintegrates into two nuclear parts which have their velocities in the ratio 2 : 1. The ratio of their n clea s zes will be (a)
1 3 2 :1

m
1 2

5)

If the kinetic energy of a free elect on doubles, its de-Broglie wavelength changes by the factor (a) 2 (b) 1 2 ( c ) 2 ( d ) 1 / 2 [ AIEEE 2005 ]

(b) 1:

(c)

1 2 3 :1

(d)
2

1 3 1: 2

.e

7)

8)

The binding energy p r nucleon of deuteron ( 1H ) and helium nucleus ( 2He ) is 1.1 MeV and 7 MeV respectively. If t wo deuteron nuclei reacts to form a single helium nucleus, hen the energy released is [ AIEEE 2004 ] ( a ) 13.9 MeV ( b ) 26.9 MeV ( c ) 23.6 MeV ( d ) 19.2 MeV An particle of energy 5 MeV is scatter ed through 180 by a fixed uranium nucleus. Th distance of the closest approach is of the order of ( b ) 10
10

( a ) 1 A
238

cm

( c ) 10

12

cm

( d ) 10

9)

When U nucleus originally at rest, decays by emitting an alpha particle having speed u, the recoil speed of the residual nucleus is 4u 4u 4u 4u (b) (c) (d) [ AIEEE 2003 ] (a) 238 238 234 234 A nucleus with Z = 92 e mits th e fo llowing in a seq uence ( d ) 82 [ AIEEE 2003 ]

10 )

( a ) 74

. The Z of the resulting nucleus is ( b ) 76 ( c ) 78

om
4 15

Starting with a sample of pure Cu , 7 8th of it decays into Zn in 15 min tes. The corresponding half-life is ( a ) 15 minutes ( b ) 10 minutes ( c ) 7.5 minutes ( d ) 5 minutes [ AIEEE 2005 ]

the following is the [ AIEEE 2005 ]

[ AIEEE 2004 ]

cm

[ AIEEE 2004 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )
4

Page 2

per year, then the half-life 11 ) If the radioactive decay constant of radium is 1.07 1 0 period is approximately equal to ( a ) 8900 yrs. ( b ) 7000 yrs. ( c ) 6500 yrs. ( d ) 5000 years [ AIEEE 2003 ] 12 ) Which of the following cannot be emitted by radioactive substances during their decay ? ( a ) electrons ( b ) protons ( c ) neutrinos ( d ) helium nuclei [ AIEEE 2003 ] 13 ) Which of the following atoms has the lowest ionization potential ? 16 14 123 14 ( b ) 7N ( c ) 55Cs ( d ) 18Ar ( a ) 8O

wavelengths involved in the spectrum of deut ium ( 1D ) are slightly different from of hydrogen spectrum, because size of the two nuclei are different masses of the two nuclei are different nuclear forces are different in the two cases attraction between the electrons and the uc eus is different in two cases [ AIEEE 2003 ] 2 3 4 16 ) In the nuclear fusion reaction, 1H + 1H 2He + n, given that the repulsive potential energy between the two nuclei is ~ 7 7 10

ra
14

15 ) The that (a) (b) (c) (d)

ce .c
2

14 ) If the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is 13 6 eV the energy required ++ is to remove the electron from the first excited state of Li AIEEE 2003 ] ( a ) 122.4 eV ( b ) 30.6 eV ( c ) 13.6 eV ( d ) 3.4 eV [ AIEE

J, the temperature at which the gases must

23

18 )

An electron changes its position from n = 2 to the or bit n = 4 of an atom. The wavelength of the emitted radiations is ( R = Rydbergs constant ) 16 16 16 16 (a) (b) (c) (d) [ AIEEE 2002 ] 3R 5R R 7R ( c ) Dopplers effect ( d ) Law of gravitation [ AIEEE 2002 ]

19 ) Hubbles law is based on the ( a ) Weins law ( b ) Stefans law

20 ) A radioactive sample at any instant has its disintegration rate of 5000 disintegrations per minute. After 5 minutes, the rate is 1250 disintegrations per minute. The d ecay constant per minute is ( a ) 0.8 ln 2 ( b ) 0.4 ln 2 ( c ) 0.2 ln 2 ( d ) 0.1 ln 2 [ AIEEE 2002 ] 21 ) If the wavelength K radiation wavelength is 4 will be ( a ) 44 ( b ) 11 (c) 6 of Z = 11 atom is (d) 5 , then the atomic number of atom whose K [ IIT 2005 ]

.e

17 ) If the second Bohrs rad us of hydrogen atom is 4a0, then the radius of the fifth Bohrs orbit in hydrogen atom is ( b 10a0 ( c ) 20a0 ( d ) 25a0 [ AIEEE 2002 ] ( a ) 5a0

xa

be heated to initiate the reac i n is nearly [ Boltzmanns constant k = 1.38 10 J/K] 9 7 5 3 ( b ) 10 K ( c ) 10 K ( d ) 10 K ( a ) 10 K [AIEEE 2003 ]

om

[ AIEEE 2003 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )

Page 3

22 )

If the star can convert all the He nuclei completely into oxygen nuc lei, the energy released per oxy gen nucleus is ( Mass o f He n ucleus is 4.0 026 amu a nd mass o f oxygen nucleus is 15.9994 amu ) 2005 ] ( a ) 7.6 MeV ( b ) 56.12 MeV ( c ) 10.24 MeV ( d ) 23.9 MeV [ IIT 20

24 ) After 280 days, the activity of a radioactive sample is 6000 dps. The activity reduces to 3000 dps after another 140 days. The initial activity of the samp e in dps is [ IIT 2004 ] ( a ) 6000 ( b ) 9000 ( c ) 3000 ( d ) 24000 25 ) T he electric potential between a pro ton and an electron is given by V = V0l ln ( r r0 ), where r 0 is a constant. Assuming Bohrs mod l t be applicable, write variation of r n with n, n being the principal quantum number. 2 2 n ( b ) rn 1 n ( c ) rn n ( d ) rn 1 n [ IIT 2003 ] ( a ) rn 26 ) For uranium nucleus, how does its mass va y with w th volume ?
257

ra
V

(a) m

(b) m 1 V

(c) m

ce .c
(d) m V
2

23 ) A photon of energ y 10.2 eV collides inelasticall y with stationary hydrogen atom in its ground state and after a few micro-second, another photon of energy 15 eV co ides with the hydrogen atom inelastically. Then a detector detects ( a ) one 10.2 eV photon and one 1.4 eV electron ( b ) one 3.4 eV photon and one 1.4 eV electron ( c ) two photons of 10.2 eV energy ( d ) two electrons of 1.4 eV energy [ IIT 2005 ]

xa

27 ) If the atom 100Fm follows t e Bohr model and the radius of Bohr radius, then find n. ( a ) 100 ( b ) 200 (c) 4 (d) 1/4

.e

28 ) A nucleus with ma s number 220 initially at rest emits an - particle. If the Q value of the reaction is 5 5 MeV, calculate the kinetic energy of the - particle. ( a ) 4.4 MeV ( b ) 5.4 MeV ( c ) 5.6 MeV ( d ) 6.5 MeV [ II IIT 2003 ] 29 ) A h ydrogen atom and a Li ion are both in the se cond excited state. If l H and l Li are their respecti angular momenta and EH and ELi are their respective energies, then ( a ) H > l i and E H > E Li ( b ) l H = l Li and E H < E Li
++

( c ) l H = l Li and E H
215

> E Li

( d ) l H < l Li and E H

om
257 100Fm

[ IIT 2003 ] is n times the [ IIT 2003 ]

E Li

[ IIT 2002 ]
215

At is 100 s. The time taken for the radioactivity of a sample of At 30 ) The half-life of o decay to 1 / 16th of its initial value is ( a ) 400 s ( b ) 6.3 s ( c ) 40 s ( d ) 300 s [ IIT 2002 ]
A A A A

31 ) Which of the following processes represents a (a) (c) Xz + Xz Xz

A 1

- decay ?
1

+ a + b

(b) (d)

Xz + f

Xz + n0 Xz + e
1

A 3 A

Xz
1

+ c + c [ IIT 2002 ]

Xz

32 ) The electron emitted in beta radiation originate from ( a ) inner orbits of atoms ( b ) free electrons existing in nuclei ( c ) decay of a neutron in a nucleus ( d ) proton escaping from the nucleus

[ IIT 2001 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions ) 33 )

Page 4

A radioactive sample consists of t wo distinct species having equal number of atoms and that of the other is 5. The deca y initially. Th e mean life of one species is products in both case s are stabl e. A plot is made of the total number of radioac tive nuclei as a function of time. Which of the following figures best represents the form of this plot ? [ IIT 2001 ]

34 ) The transition from the state n = 4 to n = 3 in a hydr gen like atom results in ultraviolet radiation. Infrared radiation will be obtained in the trans tion (a) 2 1 (b) 3 2 (c) 4 2 (d) 4 [ IIT 2001 ]

36 )

37 ) Bindin g energy per nucleon Vs mass numbe r curve for nuclei is shown in figure. W, X, Y a d Z are four nuclei indicated o n the c urve. The process that would release energy is: (a) Y 2Z X + Z 2Y Y + Z [ IIT 1999 ]

(b) W (c) W (d) X

.e

Imagi ne an atom made p of proton and a hypothetical particle of double the mass of the electron but ha ing he same charge as the electron. Apply the Bohr atom model and consider all po sible transitions of this hypothetical particle to the first excited level. emitted has wavelength ( given in terms The longest wave ength photon that will be em of the Rydberg constant R for the hydrogen atom ) equal to ( a ) 9 / ( 5R ) ( b ) 36 / ( 5R ) ( c ) 18 / ( 5R ) (d) 4/R [ IIT 2000 ]

xa

ra

35 )

Electrons with energy 80 keV are incident nt on he tungsten target of an X-ray tube. K-shell electrons of tungsten have - 72.5 k eV energy. X-ra ys emitted b y the tube contain only ( a ) a continuous X-ray spectrum ( Br msstrahlung ) with a minimum wavelength of ~ 155 A ( b ) a continuous X-ray spectrum ( B emsstrahlung ) with all wavelengths. ( c ) the characteristic X-ray spec rum of tungsten ( d ) a continuous X-ray spectr m ( Bremsstrahlung ) with a minimum wavelength of ~ 155 A and the characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungsten [ IIT 2000 ]

ce .c

om

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )

Page 5

38 ) T wo radioactive materials X 1 and X 2 have decay constants 10 and respectively. If initially they have the same number of nuclei, then the ratio of the number of nuclei of X1 to that of X2 will be 1/e after a time ( a ) 1 / 10 ( b ) 1 10 ( c ) 11 / 10 (d) 1 9 [ IIT 2000 ] 39 ) The electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition ansition from an excited stat o the ground state. Which of the following statements is true ? ( a ) Its kinetic energy increases and its potential and total energy decreas s. ( b ) Its kinetic energy decreases, potential energy increases and its tota energy remains the same. ( c ) Its kinetic and total energy decreases and its potential energy inc ases. ( d ) Its kinetic, potential and total energy decreases. [ IIT 2000 ]

ce .c
n

40 )

kg ) Order of magnitude of density ity of uranium nucleus is ( mp = 1 67 10 20 3 17 3 14 110 3 ( b ) 0 kg m ( c ) 10 kg m ( ) 10 kg / m [ IIT 1999 ] ( a ) 10 kg / m Ne nucleus, after ab sorbing ene rgy, decays nto t wo -particles and an un known nucleus. The unknown nucleus is ( a ) nitrogen ( b ) carbon ( c ) boron ( d ) oxygen [ IIT 1999 ]
22

41 )

.e

43 ) Which of the following is a correct statement ? ( a ) Beta rays are s me as cathode rays ( b ) Gamma rays are hi h energy neutrons ( c ) alpha partic es are s ngly ionized helium atoms ( d ) Protons an neut ons have exactly the same mass 44 ) Let m
p

xa

42 ) The half-life period of a rdaioactive element X is same as the mean life time of another radioactive element Y. Initially both of hem have the same number of atoms. Then ( a ) X and Y have the same decay rate initially ( b ) X and Y decay at the same rat always ( c ) Y will decay at a faster ate han X ( d ) X will decay at a faste rate than Y [ IIT 1999 ]

ra
( c ) M 2 < 2M 1

om
27 1

[ IIT 1999 ] the mass of

20 Ne 10

the mass of p roton, m

the mass of neutr on, M

nucleus and M 2 the mass of ( b ) M 2 > 2M 1

( a ) M 2 = 2M 1

40 Ca nucleus. Then 20

( d ) M 1 < 10 ( m n + m p )

[ IIT 1998 ]

w
46 )

w
45 )

n2 where n1 and n 2 are The e lectron in a h ydrogen atom makes a transition n 1 the principal quantum numbers of two states. Assume the Bohr model to be valid. The time period of the electron in the initial state is eight times that in the final state. The possible values of n1 and n1 are ( a ) n1 = 4, n2 = 2 b ) n1 = 8, n2 = 2 ( c ) n1 = 8, n2 = 1 ( d ) n1 = 6, n2 = 3 [ IIT 1998 ]
131 The half life of 131 I is 8 days. Given a sample of I assert that ( a ) no nucleus will decay before t = 4 days ( b ) no nucleus will decay before t = 8 days ( c ) all nuclei will decay before t = 16 days ( d ) a given nucleus may decay at any time after t = 0

at time

t = 0,

we can

[ IIT 1998 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )

Page 6

47 ) As per Bohr model, the minimum energy ( in eV ) required to remove an electron from the ground state of doubly ionized Li atom ( Z = 3 ) is ( a ) 1.51 ( b ) 13.6 ( c ) 40.8 ( d ) 122.4 [ IIT 1997 ]

( d ) 13.6 eV

(b) (d)

Zn 64

( c ) Cu

64

is radioactive, decaying to

Cu 64

is radioactive, decaying to

ce .c
Cu 64 Zn 64

64 64 are 63.92 98 u and and 49 ) Masses of two isobars 29 Cu 30 Zn respectively. It can be concluded from this data that ( a ) both the isobars are stable

through

is radioactive, decaying to

Zn

64

though

-decay

though

50 )

Which of the following statement ( s ) is ( are ) correct ?

51 )

Fast neutrons can easily be slowed down by ( a ) the use of lead sh elding ( b ) passing them through water ( c ) elastic collisions w h heavy nuclei ( d ) applying a strong electric field [ IIT 1994] Consider particles, particles and -rays, each hav ing an ene rgy of 0.5 MeV. In increasing order of penetrating powers, the radiations are (b) (c) (d) [ IIT 1994 ] (a) A star initially has 10
2 1H
40

52 )

53 )

.e

2 4 + n and + 1H3 1H 2 He The masses of the nuclei are as follows: 2 4 M ( H ) = 2.014 amu, M ( p ) = 1.007 amu, M ( n ) = 1.008 amu, M ( He ) = 4.001 amu 16 If the average power radiated by the star is 10 W, the deuteron supply of the star is exhausted in a time of the order of 16 8 12 20 ( a ) 10 sec ( b ) 10 sec ( c ) 10 sec ( d ) 10 sec [ IIT 1993 ]

+ 1H2

xa

( a ) The rest mass of a stable nucleus is less than the sum of the rest masses of its separated nucleons. ( b ) The rest mass of a stable nucl s is greater than the sum of the rest masses of its separated nucleons. ( c ) In nuclear fusion, energy is released by fusing two nuclei of medium mass ( approximately 100 amu ). ( d ) In nuclear fission, ene gy is released by fragmentation of a very heavy nucleons. [ IIT 1994 ]

3 1H + p

deuterons. It produces energy via the following processes:

54 ) The d ecay constant of a rad ioactive sample is sample are respectively given by ( a ) 1 / and ln2 ( b ) ln2 and 1 / ( c ) ln2 and 1 ( d ) / ln2 and 2

ra

. The half -life and the mean -life of the [ IIT 1989 ]

om
-decay
decay

48 )

The K X-ray emission line of tungsten occurs at in K and L levels in this atom is about ( a ) 0.51 MeV ( b ) 1.2 MeV ( c ) 59 keV

= 0.021 nm. The ene gy d fference IIT 1997 ] [ IIT

63.9292 u

[ IIT 1997 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

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Page 7

55 ) The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is increased. As a result, in the emitted radiation ( a ) the intensity increases ( b ) the minimum wavelength increases ( c ) the intensity remains unchanged ( d ) the minimum wavelength decreases [ IIT 1988 ]

57 )

60 )

6 )

62 )

If elements with principal quantum number number of possible elements would be ( a ) 60 ( b ) 32 (c) 4 ( d ) 64

.e

59 )

During a nuclea fusion reaction ( a ) a heavy nuc eus breaks into two fragments by itself ( b ) a ligh nucleus bombarded by thermal neutrons breaks up ( c ) a heavy nuc eus bombarded by thermal neutrons breaks up ( d ) two ligh nuclei combine to give a heavier nucleus and possibly other products [ IIT 1986 ] The mass number of a nucleus is ( a ) a ways less than its atomic number ( b ) always more than its atomic number ( c ) sometimes equal to its atomic number ( d ) sometimes more than and sometimes equal to its atomic number [ IIT 1986 ] The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tube will be ( a ) monochromatic ( b ) having all wavelengths smaller than a certain maximum wavelength ( c ) having all wavelengths larger than a certain minimum wavelength ( d ) having all wavelengths lying between a minimum and a maximum wavelength [ IIT 1985 ] n > 4 were not allowed in nature, the [ IIT 1983 ]

xa

58 ) F our physical quantities are listed in Column I. Their values are listed in Column II in random order: Column I Column II ( i ) Thermal energy of air molecules ( e ) 0.02 eV at room temperature ( ii ) Binding energy of heavy nucle ( f ) 2 eV per nucleon ( iii ) X-ray photon energy ( g ) 1 KeV ( iv ) Photon energy of visible light ( h ) 7 MeV The correct matching of column I and II is given by ( a ) i - e, ii - h, iii - g, i - f ( b ) i - e, ii - g, iii - f, iv h ( c ) i - f, ii - e, iii - g, iv h ( d ) i - f, ii - h, iii - e, iv - g [ IIT 1987 ]

ra

ce .c

During a negative beta decay ( a ) an atomic electron is ejected ( b ) an electron which is already present within the nucleus is ejected ( c ) a neutron in the nucleus decays emitting an elect on ( d ) a part of the binding energy of the nucleus is c nverted into an electron [ IIT 1987 ]

om

56 ) A fres hly prepared radioactive source of half life 2 hr emits ra diation of int nsity which is 64 time s the permissible safe le vel. The minimum time after whi h it would be possible to work safely with this source is [ IIT 1988 ] ( a ) 6 hr ( b ) 12 hr ( c ) 24 hr ( d ) 128 hr

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )
14 + 6C 13 + 7N 15 + 8O 140 34 Xe

Page 8

63 )

( a ) 5 C13 (c) 7
N14

From the following equations pick out the possible nuclear fusion reactions + 1H1
1 1H

4.3 MeV 2 MeV 7.3 MeV

( b ) 6 C 12 ( d ) 92
U235

+ 1H1 + 0
n1

64 )

65 )

66 )

Consider the spectral line re sulting from the transition n = 2 and ions given below. The shortest wav length is produced by ( a ) Hydrogen atom b ) Singly ionized Helium ( c ) Deuterium atom d ) Doubly ionized Lithium

ra
( c ) fusion ( c ) 10
12

[ IIT 1984 ] In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom 2 ( a ) the radius of the nth orbit is proportional to n ( b ) the total energy of the electron in the nth orbit is inversely proportional to n ( c ) the angular momentum of the electron ectron in an orbit is an integra multiple of h 2 ( d ) the magnitude of the potential energy of the electron in any orbit is greater than its kinetic energy [ IIT 1984 ] Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are ( a ) electromagnetic radiations ( b ) the electrons orbiting around the nucleus ( c ) charged particles emitted by the nucleus ( d ) neutral particles [ IIT 1983 ]

ce .c
represents ( d ) fission 180
15

(a) 68 ) The (a) (c) (d)

- decay

xa

67 )

The equation

4 1 H 1

(b)

- decay

4 He 2

+ 2e + 26 MeV

.e

shortest wavelength f X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube depends on the current n the tube ( b ) the voltage applied to the tube the nature of the gas in the tube the atomic number of the target material

69 ) An alpha par icle of energy 5 MeV is scatter ed through nucleus. The distance of closest approach a is of the order of

) 1 A

( b ) 10

10

cm

cm

( d ) 10

70

T h half-life of radioactive radon is 3.8 days. The time at the end of which 1 / 20th of the radon sample will remain undecayed is ( given log 10 e = 0.4343 ) ( a ) 3.8 days ( b ) 16.5 days ( c ) 33 days ( d ) 76 days [ II IIT 1981 ]

om
+ 200 MeV
cm

+ 38 Sr 94

+ 2 0 n1 +

n = 1 in the atoms [ IIT 1983 ]

[ IIT 1983 ]

[ IIT 1982 ]

by a fixed uranium [ IIT 1981 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )

Page 9

Answers
1 b 21 c 41 b 58 a 2 3 db 22 c 42 c 59 d 23 a 4 a 24 d 25 a 5 d 26 a 45 a,d 62 a 6 d 27 d 46 d 63 b,c 7 c 28 b 8 c 29 b 47 d 9 c 30 a 48 c 65 c 10 c 31 c 49 d 66 d 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 c b c b b a 32 33 c d 34 d 35 36 d c c 37 c d b c b 40 b 57 c

43 44 a c,d 60 c,d 61 d

50 51 52 53 a,d b a 67 c 68 b 69 c

.e

xa

ra

ce .c

64 a,c,d

om
54 b 55 d 70 b

38 39 da 56 b