Pioject 3: Flap Deployment Mechanism

Prof. Seyed M. Hashemi

March 10, io14
Objective
Tis pioject builds upon youi pievious leaining expeiience in completing the ist two piojects.
Te goal of this pioject is to give you an oppoitunity to demonstiate youi ability to analyze an engineeiing
design pioblem, develop conceptual design ideas, and ciitically evaluate youi choices using basic engineeiing
analysis to select a nal design. You will also be given the oppoitunity to plan and fabiicate a woiking
piototype of youi mechanism using a constiained set of mateiials. Ideally, youi piototype should
demonstiate that youi nal design should woik if fully implemented. Tis pioject will not involve a
signicant amount of detailed design, although sizing of youi nal design choice will be iequiied to
cieate a woiking piototype.
Problem Summary
You aie woiking in a design team, foi a company that is designing a new aiiciaf. Youi team is ie-
sponsible foi developing a mechanism to contiol the positioning of a single-slotted ap. A ap is an
aeiodynamic device that incieases the lifing foice of the wing, in exchange foi a inciease in diag and
pitching moment. A single-slotted ap design has been chosen by the aeiodynamic design team to
allow foi lowei take-o and landing speeds, while allowing foi minimum diag duiing ciuise. Te
shape of the wing has been piesciibed by the aeiodynamic design team, as has the ap position and
oiientation duiing deployment. You cannot altei the geometiic constiaints specied by the aeiody-
namics team. Youi mechanism can piotiude outside the volume of the wing, howevei in the inteiest
of minimizing vehicle diag, the aeiodynamics team iequests that you minimize the volume and keep
it stieamlined. Te aeiodynamics team will develop an aeiodynamic enclosuie foi youi mechanism
at a latei stage. Te aeiodynamics team has piovided aeiodynamic coecients of foice and moments
foi the wing and ap.
NOTE: Cuiiently the stiuctuies team has only piesciibed a limitation within the volume of the wing
foi which the mechanism cannot inteifeie. Te stiuctuies team is awaiting details of youi nal design to
piovide mounting points foi the mechanism. Te peifoimance design gioup has asked that you minimize
the total mass of youi design, and minimize powei iequiiements. Te hydiaulics and electiical
design teams iequiie infoimation on youi nal design to deteimine iouting infoimation, but both aie
condent that they can piovide electiical and hydiaulic powei as needed.
Please note that this simplied problem description may not match a real-world aircra design process,
but it does include some realistic constraints and challenges.
Problem Details
. Aerodynamics
An illustiation of the pioposed full-scale wing and ap geometiy is shown in Fig. 1. Note that all
dimensions piovided in mm. No inteinal stiuctuie is piovided at this time, only the desiied outei
1
Rvivso Uivivsi1v AER o Intio. to Aeio. Eng. Design Wintei io14
Figuie 1: Wing and ap geometiy in stowed conguiation. Isometiic piojection of wing and ap at
1oo deployment. All dimensions in mm.
aeiodynamic shapes of the stiuctuie. Youi mechanism must allow the ap to move fiom the stowed
to fully deployed position without collision and along a piesciibe path.
Te aeiodynamic foices of lifand diag foi the wing and ap aie piesented in Figs. i and . Pitching
moments (nose up positive), calculated about the leading edge of the aiiciaf aie piesented in Figs. .
Tabulai values of these same coecients aie piesented inTable 1. Note that all aeiodynamic coecients
aie noimalized using the planfoim aiea of the wing section illustiated in 1, and a Reynolds numbei
of appioximately 6 10
6
. Tese aeiodynamic coecients aie typical foi the iange of expected landing
aiispeeds (o
m
/s8o
m
/s).
Te piesciibed path of the ap ielative to the wing is illustiated in Fig. , foi thiee ap positions
(o, ,o,and 1oo deployment). Te cooidinates of these points aie illustiated in a scale model of
the geometiy in Fig. o. In this guie, the ap leading and tiailing edges should align with positions A
and Dfoi the fully stowed conguiation, positions B and E foi ,oaps, and positions Cand F foi the
fully deployed conguiation. Tese points foim i thiee-point aics. Te plan illustiated in Fig. o will
be used to constiuct a woiking piototype.
Please note that the size and position of the ap has been increased in comparison to typical ap geome-
tries to provide suitable space for your design. However, the aerodynamic performance documented here is
typical of a slotted-ap design.
. Structures
Te stiuctuies gioup has not piovided much detail at this point. Te stiuctuies gioup has specied
a zone wheie youi mechanism must not entei. Tis exclusion zone can be seen in Fig. , and in the
piototype plan in Fig. o. You can expect an estimate of the ap weight will be piovided at a futuie date. .
i of , Updated: March 10, io14
Rvivso Uivivsi1v AER o Intio. to Aeio. Eng. Design Wintei io14
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
C
L
AOA (deg)
Wing + Flap
Flap
Figuie i: Wing and ap lif coecients veisus angle of attack. Re = 6 10
6
.
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
C
D
AOA (deg)
Wing + Flap
Flap
Figuie : Wing and ap diag coecients veisus angle of attack. Re = 6 10
6
.
of , Updated: March 10, io14
Rvivso Uivivsi1v AER o Intio. to Aeio. Eng. Design Wintei io14
-1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10
-1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
C
M
,
L
E
AOA (deg)
Wing + Flap
Flap
Figuie : Wing and ap pitching moment coecients about leading edge veisus angle of attack. Re =
6 10
6
.
Figuie ,: Flap deployment conguiations foi o, ,o, and 1oo aps.
of , Updated: March 10, 2014
Rvivso Uivivsi1v AER o Intio. to Aeio. Eng. Design Wintei io14
Figuie o: A scale model of the wing and ap to be used to develop a woiking piototype.
AOA (deg) C
L
C
D
C
M
C
L
Flap C
D
Flap C
M
Flap
o.ooooE+oo i.18E+oo ,.ooE-oi -1.iio,E+oo ,.,o,E-o1 i.oE-o1 -o.8,E-o1
1.ooooE+oo i.,,oE+oo o.1io1E-oi -1.i,ooE+oo ,.,i,E-o1 i.8ooE-o1 -o.ooE-o1
i.ooooE+oo i.o,E+oo o.oo8E-oi -1.i,oE+oo ,.o,E-o1 i.,8iE-o1 -o.1iE-o1
.ooooE+oo i.,o,8E+oo o.oooE-oi -1.o,,E+oo ,.o,E-o1 i.,o,,E-o1 -o.1,E-o1
.ooooE+oo i.8,oE+oo ,.oioE-oi -1.o8E+oo ,.,,E-o1 i.8o,E-o1 -o.oo,E-o1
,.ooooE+oo i.8,E+oo ,.o,E-oi -1.,iE+oo ,.,i8oE-o1 i.o,E-o1 -o.888E-o1
o.ooooE+oo .ooE+oo 8.o11iE-oi -1.,,E+oo ,.8oE-o1 i.8E-o1 -o.8,iE-o1
,.ooooE+oo .1o8E+oo 8.,iE-oi -1.oE+oo ,.i,E-o1 .oo1E-o1 -o.,,E-o1
8.ooooE+oo .i81oE+oo .oi8E-oi -1.o,E+oo ,.1oE-o1 .1iE-o1 -o.,i88E-o1
.ooooE+oo .,iE+oo 1.1ooE-o1 -1.o8,E+oo ,.o1,E-o1 .1oE-o1 -o.o1,,E-o1
1.ooooE+o1 .,,,E+oo 1.i1E-o1 -1.88E+oo o.,o,E-o1 .1E-o1 -o.iE-o1
Table 1: Lif, diag, and moment coecients foi wing and ap. Re = 6 10
6
.
, of , Updated: March 10, io14