Embryology and Human Creation between Quran &

Science

Dr. Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal
August 2004

Acknowledgement : I would like to acknowledge the great help that Mr. M A H Madi * provided into
the English translation of this article





Historical background
The Sperm
Al Alaqa (Leech-like clot)
Al Mudgha (chewed-like lump of flesh)
The Stage of bones
The stage of muscles
The stage of Nashah (developing) and viability
The stage of labour
Conclusion
References




Historical background

Since Aristotle had summed up the prevailing theories in his age relating to the creation of the
embryo, controversy continued among the supporters of the theory of the full dwarf embryo
existing in mans sperm and those of the theory of the full dwarf embryo created out of the
womans menstrual blood coagulation (thickening). Most of them believed that man was
reduced into that sperm drop, and they drew a figure in which they imagined the embryo as a full
creature in the sperm drop, which then grew up in the womb as a small tree. (Figure 1).


Figure 1 : The dwarf embryo as imagined by Leonardo da Vinci from the 15
th
century (on the left)
and the sperm as miniature human being by Hartsoeker from the 17
th
century (on the right)


None of both groups could realize that mans sperm and womans ovum participate in the
creation of the embryo, as supported by the Italian Scientist Spallanzani in the year of 1775.
In 1783, Van Beneden was able to confirm this statement, and thus the idea of the dwarf embryo
had been discarded. During the years 1888 and 1909 Boveri proved that chromosomes when
divided carry the different genetic characteristics. Morgan, in 1912, was able to determine the
role of genes, existing in certain parts of chromosomes, in hereditary.

Therefore, it is clear that mankind did not realize that the embryo is created of a mans sperm
mingled with a womans ovum except in the 18
th
century, and only to be confirmed at the
beginning of the 20
th
century.

On the other hand, the Holy Quran and the Prophetic speeches have confirmed in a very accurate
scientific manner the creation of man from a mingled fluid-drop (nutfa amshaj), as coined by the
Quran, which says ;

( ) :( 2 )
Verily We created man from a drop of a mingled fluid-drop (nutfa amshaj), in order to try
him: so We gave him (the gifts), of hearing and sight. (76:2).
It has been agreed upon by commentators of the Holy Quran that amshaj means mingling, as
mans water mingles with that of the woman, and this is also what the Prophet (peace be upon
him) confirmed in one of his speeches. Imam Ahmed indicated in his book Al Musnad that a
J ew passed by the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) while he was addressing his companions.
Some people from Quarish said; O Jew! This man proclaims that he is a prophet. The J ew
said: I will ask him of something no one knows except a prophet. He asked the prophet
(PBUH); O Mohammed! What is man created from? The Prophet (PBUH) said; O Jew!
Man is created from both: mans fluid (nutfa) and womans fluid. The Jew said; This is
said by those prophets before you. .

In the next few pages, the embryological developments as indicated in the Quranic verses will be
discussed, while shedding light on the fixed scientific facts in each stage of development.


The Sperm


Scientific facts :

The sperms are formed in the testicles, which in turn are created, as proved by embryology, from
cells underneath the kidneys at the back and then go down to the lower abdomen at the last
weeks of pregnancy. Mans fluid mainly contains the following components: the sperms which
should be gushing, and motile to cause fertilization and Prostaglandin which causes contractions
to the uterus, thus helping the transport of sperms into the place of fertilization. The man's fluid
(semen) contains also sugar necessary for providing energy for the sperms, different fluids for
neutralising the acids at the entrance of the uterus and creating a slippery environment for the
easy movement of the sperms.

While hundred millions of these sperms (500 m.- 600 m.) enter through the vagina to the uterine
cervix, only one sperm is able to fertilize the ovum (Fig. 2); crossing through a long distance to
reach the place of fertilization in the Fallopian Uterine Tube which connects the ovary with the
uterus. The distance is full of obstacles that can be compared with the distance man takes to
reach the moon! After direct fertilization, a quick change occurs to the membrane of the ovum
preventing the entrance of the rest of the sperms.

The sperm contains 23 chromosomes, of which one chromosome determines the sex of the
embryo. The chromosome in the sperm is either (Y) or (X), while the chromosome in the ovum
is always (X). When a sperm of the chromosome type (Y) mingles with an ovum of the
chromosome (X), the formed zygote will be male (XY), whereas the embryo will be female
(XX) if the sperm (X) mingles with an (X) ovum. So, the sex of the embryo is determined by the
sperm (the male), rather than the ovum (the female).

After 5 hours of forming the zygote, which is the primary human cell containing 46
chromosomes, the dominant and recessive genetic characteristics can appear in the parent's sons
or grandsons (the stage of genetic programming) . The zygote is then divided quickly (Fig. 3)
without a change in size and move from the Fallopian Tube (connecting the ovary and the uterus)
towards the uterus, where it is implanted as seeds are implanted in the soil.


(Fig. 2) Of hundreds of sperms, only one can fertilize
the ovum.

(Fig. 3) The zygote divides within hours of the process of
fertilization.
(a picture taken by the Microscope)

The Uterus is the place where the embryo grows and develops before emerging as a fully created
and well formed child. The uterus is distinguished as a safe place to perform this function for the
following reasons:

1- The location of the uterus in the womans pelvis, where it is protected with ligaments and
fascia that hold the uterus from the sides and allow its mobility and growth to hundred
times its size at full term pregnancy.
2- Muscles of pelvis and perineum fix the uterus in-situ.
3- The secretion of Progesterone (pregnancy hormone) helps stabilize the uterus and slows
down the uterine contractions.
4- The embryo in uterus is surrounded with different membranes that produce amniotic fluid
which the embryo swims in to protect the embryo from the effect of external traumas .

The process of fertilization and the travel of the zygote to the uterus continue for about 6 days,
and the zygote keeps implanting ( known as blastocyst) and growing in the uterus wall for 15
days, when the Alaqa (thick clotted blood) stage begins.

Reflections and comments on related Quranic verses:

Nutfa in Arabic means very little water or a drop of water. This coincides with mans
water which contain sperms as part of its components. The sperm or (spermatozoon) is
reproduced from the despised lowly water (nutfa) and looks like a long-tailed fish (this is one of
the meanings of Sulalah). Allah the Almighty says;
(

( )
: 7 - 8 )
He It is Who created all things in the best way and began the creation of man from clay, and made
his progeny from an extract of despised fluid (Sulalah) (32: 7-8)

The other meaning of Sulalah is "extract", means the essential or best part of something . By
either implication, it means "part of a whole" indicating that the origin of creation is from only
part of man's fluid and not all of it (which contains many components as shown above) .

Clarifying the role of the nutfa in creation, He the Almighty says;

( )

5 - 6 )
So, let man consider of what he was created . He was created of gushing water (86: 5-6)
and also says;
)

( : ( 4 )
He has created man from a sperm (fluid-drop) and behold this same (man) becomes an open
disputer. (16: 4).

The Quran tells us also that the essence of man is not the whole semen, but only a small part of
it. this is explained in the Quran :
(

) 66 - 67
Does man think that he will be left uncontrolled (without purpose)? Was he not once a fluid-drop of ejected
semen? . (75:36-37

As we have seen , the Quran informs us that man is made not from the entire semen, but only a
small part of it. That the particular emphasis in this statement announces a fact only discovered
by modern science is evidence that the statement is divine in origin. The divine statement also
reiterates that mans characteristics are determined and decreed in the nutfa stage, as He says
(

) ( 77 - 79 )
Woe to man! What has made him reject (Allah)? From what stuff has He created him? From
a nutfa (fluid-drop) He has created him, and then moulds him in due proportions. (80: 17-
19).

And Allah says :
(

:( )

2 )
Verily We created man of a fluid-drop (nutfa), mingling (amshaj) , in order to try him: so We
gave him (the gifts of) hearing and sight. (76:2).
The mingled nutfa in this verse reveals the Quran miraculous nature. Nutfa, in Arabic, is a single
small drop of water, but it was described here as (amshaj) , which means its structure consists of
combined mixtures . This fits with the scientific finding, as the zygote is shaped as a drop, and is
simultaneously a mixture of male fluid chromosomes and female ovum chromosomes.

Has anyone ever thought, before the Quran was revealed, that mans nutfa, when ejected, is
responsible for determining if the embryo will be male or female? Has this ever occurred to
ones mind? The Quran says;
( .

) 45 - 46 )
That He created the pairs, male and female, from a fluid-drop sperm as it is emitted. (53:
45-46), confirming that mans gender as male or female is determined when the sperm drop is
emitted. Who told the Prophet Mohammed that the sperm (nutfa) with one of its types (Y) or
(X) is responsible for determining the sex of the embryo? This was not discovered except after
the invention of microscopes in the past century, when it was possible then to know that the
embryo being a male or female is only determined by the sperm (nutfa), rather than the ovum.
In other words, we were in the beginning of the 20
th
century and the whole of mankind were not
aware that the nutfa decrees if the embryo is male or female. While the Quran, which was
revealed 14 centuries ago, has stated this fact in a very clear manner.

Here is a remarkable note! We have mentioned earlier that the sperms are formed in the
testicles, which in turn are created, as proved by embryology, from cells underneath the kidneys
at the back and then go down to the lower abdomen at the last weeks of pregnancy. This is in
confirmation of Allahs saying :
( ) ( 772 )
And remember when your Lord brought forth from the children of Adam, from their loins,
their seeds (7: 172).
This is a clear indication that the origin of progeny is at the region of the back where the
embryonic testicles are formed. So, praise be to Allah the Omniscient.

The uterus, as mentioned before, is considered as a place settled (Makeen) and safe for the
growth and protection of the embryo, according to reasons mentioned earlier. We find that
Quran mentions and affirms this fact 14 centuries ago, as He Almighty says:
(

: ( ) 27 - 26 )
The which (embryo) We placed in a place of settlement, firmly fixed for a period (of
gestation), determined. For We do determine, for We are the best to determine (things). (77:
21-23).




Al Alaqa ( Leech-like clot)


Scientific facts:

The stage of Alaqa starts on the 15
th
day and ends on the 23
rd
or 24
th
day, after which the embryo
is gradually developed and looks like a leech, which lives in ponds (Figure 4). Alaqa hangs to
the lining of the uterus by the umbilical cord. Blood is then formed in the vessels at the shape of
closed islands, and is not circulated in blood vessels, thus having the image of clotted blood.

Although it is in the nature of human body to expel any external matter, the uterus does not reject
the alaqa implanted in its lining despite the fact that half of the alaqa components and genes are
from an external source (the father). This is because the region of syncytial cells in alaqa have
no antigens.


(Figure 4: Alaqa on the 23
rd
day)

It is noteworthy that the primitive streak is created at first on the day 14
th
or 15
th
, in which the
primitive node appears (Figure 5). Out of this primitive streak, stem cells are composed, as well
as the sources of the main tissues of Mesoderm, Ectoderm and Endoderm, which will form the
different organs and tissues of the body as seen in (Figure 6) . At the end of the 3
rd
week, the
primitive streak shrinks and the remnant stays in the sacrococcygeal region at the end of the
spine, maintaining the remaining of stem cells in this region. This explains why some tumors in
the coccygeal region which is called Teratoma (Figure 7) can contain different tissues (muscles,
skin, cartilage, bones and teeth as well), contrary to the tumors that exist in different regions and
take its toll on one definite tissue.






Figure 5: The primitive streak shrinks at the
Figure 6: Stem cells form different body
tissues

Figure 7 : Teratoma in the
end of the 3
rd
week with its remaining that
stays at the end of the spine
(press on photo for enlargement)
(press on photo for enlargement) coccygeal region at the end of
the spine
(press on photo for
enlargement)


Reflections and comments on related Quranic verses and Sunnah:

Transformation process from nutfa to alaqa takes more than 10 days till the zygote clings to the
primitive placenta by way of a connecting stalk which later becomes the umbilical cord.
Therefore, the Quranic statement uses the conjunction article (thumma) in Arabic, indicating
sequence of events with time delay and not using (fa) which also means "then" but indicates
rapid progression without any delay. Quran states:
( )

( 74 )
then of that fluid-drop (nutfa) We created a leech-like clot" (23:14) .

Alaqa, in Arabic, has several meanings:
1- A leech that lives in ponds and sucks the blood of other creatures.
2- A thing attached or clings to something else.
3- Clotted or coagulated blood.




Figure 8 : illustration of embryo (at top)
that looks like a leech (at bottom)
Figure 9: embryo clinging to the
lining of
uterus through the umbilical cord.
Figure 10: closed blood vessels
net causing
the embryo to look as a clotted
blood.


All these meanings fit exactly with the reality of the human embryo after being implanted in the
lining of uterus (endometrium), as the embryo looks like a leech, as shown in Figure 8, while
clinging to the endometrium through the umbilical cord (Figure 9), blood vessels initiated in the
form of closed islands giving it the image of a clotted blood (Figure 10).

A quick transformation then occurs from alaqa to mudgha within two days (day 24 to day 26).
Therefore, the Quran describes this rapid change with the use of the conjunctive article (fa) (i.e.,
then) in Arabic, to indicate rapid progression of transformation :
(

:( ) 74 )
then We changed the Alaqa (leech-like clot) into a Mudgha (chewed-like lump) (23: 14).
So even the use of different conjunctive articles has miraculous indications, reflecting the
difference in embryonic stages.

Thus, the stage of alaqa is the second stage of embryonic stages, and is mentioned in the Quran
in several verses. He the Almighty says;

(

:( ) 67 - 69 )
Was he not a drop of sperm emitted (in lowly form)? Then did he become a leech-like clot;
then did (Allah) make and fashion (him) in due proportion. And of him He made two sexes,
male and female.(75: 37-39),

And in a surah called al-alaq, i.e., a leech-like clot, Allah says;
( ) ( 2 )
(We) Created man, out of a leech-like clot. (96: 2).

Further to the point of primitive streak, it is the first to be created in embryo, and out of which,
stem cells are composed, as well as the different organs and tissues; and at the end of the 3
rd

week, it shrinks, and its remaining stays in the sacrococcygeal region at the end of the spine,
maintaining the remaining stem cells in this region. This explains and coincides with the speech
of the Prophet (PBUH) which was narrated by Abu Huraira in Ahmads book Al Musnad:
All of the son of Adam decays, and is eaten by dust except for the coccyx, of which man is
created and in which man is re-built.
So, cells which form the tissues and the organs of man are placed in coccyx and out of which
man is re-created. Verily said the Prophet of Allah .
Here a very important question arises: why did the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) raise such a
scientific issue at a time no one was aware of, and how had he acquired such knowledge if he
was not bound up with inspiration and taught by the creator of heaven and earth? The answer is
that Allah the Almighty knows with His encompassing knowledge that man will come to know
one day the embryonic stages of development, and will know the role of the primitive streak, so
He inspired prophet Mohammad (PBUH) to speak out such a fact to be a witness on the
genuineness of his prophethood and message, that fits every time and age.


Al Mudgha (chewed-like lump of flesh)

Scientific facts:



The embryo is transformed from the stage of alaqa to the
beginning of the stage of mudgha on the 24
th
day to the
26
th
day, which is a very brief period if compared with the
period of the nutfa changing to alaqa.

This stage starts with the appearance of somites on the 24
th

or 25
th
day on top of the embryonic scapula, and then
gradually appear at the embryos buttock. On the 28
th
day
the embryo is formed of several bulges, with grooves in
between, thus giving the embryo the image of a chewed
gum. The embryo turns and rolls in the cavity of the
uterus during this stage which ends by the end of the 6
th

week.

It is noteworthy that the stage of mudgha starts with the
growth and increase of cells in a large number. The
mudgha looks like a piece of meat which has no
distinguished structure, then after a few days, the second
stage starts, called the stage of formation (takhaloq),

where some organs begin to appear, such as the eyes,
tongue and the lips , but human distinguishing features do
not appear except at the end of the 8
th
week. Limbs bulges
(hands and legs) also appear in this stage.

In the 5
th
week the heart starts beating and the embryo has
already developed its placenta and amniotic sac.
The placenta is burrowing into the uterine wall to access
oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream.






Figure (11) embryo (by microscopic and illustrative images) on
the day 26.
Note the resemblance with the image of a chewed gum
underneath.





Reflections on Quran and Sunnah :

Mudgha in Arabic means the material chewed by teeth. This gives an accurate description of the
embryonic stage as the embryo shape looks like a chewed material which constantly changes,
with the appearance of somites bulges. The differences in these somites look like the teeth
imprints over bread bite. The embryo turns and rolls in the cavity of the uterus as a piece of
chewed material in the mouth.
The stage of mudgha comes after the stage of alaqa. This coincides with the Holy verse:
(

) :( 74 )
And of that clot We made a (foetus) lump. (23: 14). Of the characteristics of mudgha is that it
elongates and changes shape when chewed. This is exactly what occurs to the embryo in this
stage. As we mentioned before, the mudgha has an early form before the creation and formation of
organs and another form following the formation of organs. The Quranic verse states:

) ( 5 )
O mankind! I f ye have a doubt about the Recreation (consider) that We created you out of
dust, then out of sperm, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a chewed-like lump of flesh,
formed and unformed, in order that We may manifest (Our power) to you; and We cause whom
We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term. (22: 5) .
Thus, there are two types of mudgha: formed and unformed. The formed one is the embryo itself
which starts forming into different organs with specific functions and the unformed one is the
placenta which starts developing in the 5th week (around day 35) of the mudgha stage . And Allah
knows best !

The mudgha stage ends at the 6
th
week (i.e. 40 days). Imam Muslim narrated in his Sahih on the
authority of Abdullah Bin Masoud that he said; Allah's prophet - Mohammad (PBUH) - the truthful
and trustworthy, told us;
"The creation of each one of you is composed in the mothers womb in forty days, in that
(creation) it turns into such a clot, then in that turns into such a mudgha and then Allah sends
an angel and orders him to write four things, i.e., his provision, his age, and whether he will be
of the wretched or the blessed (in the Hereafter). Then the soul is breathed into him. And by
Allah, a person among you (or a man) may do deeds of the people of the Fire till there is only a
cubit or an arm-breadth distance between him and the Fire, but then that writing (which Allah
has ordered the angel to write) precedes, and he does the deeds of the people of Paradise and
enters it; and a man may do the deeds of the people of Paradise till there is only a cubit or two
between him and Paradise, and then that writing precedes and he does the deeds of the people of
the Fire and enters it."

Who told the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) all these facts? Did he have anatomy and measurement
tools, or microscopes to tell us the characteristics of an embryo no more than 1cm tall? It is
He Allah (Who told him), the Only One, the Subduer.



The Stage of bones


Scientific facts:

During the 6
th
week, the cartilaginous skeleton starts to spread in the body (Figure 12). Yet, we
do not see the human image features except at the beginning of the 7
th
week (Figure 13), where
the shape of the embryo takes the look of the skeleton. Transformation from the mudgha form to
the beginning of the skeleton form occurs in a very short period of time at the end of the 6
th
week
and the beginning of the 7
th
week. This stage is characterized with the appearance of the skeleton
which gives the embryo the human image.



Fig. 12 : Day 42
Fig. 13 : Day 44

Reflection on Quran and Sunnah :

The term of izam (bones), coined by Quran, accurately expresses this stage in the life of the
embryo, which includes the external appearance and is considered the most important change in
the internal structure, with its associated new relations among body organs and regularity of
embryo shape. This stage is clearly distinguished from the preceding stage of mudgha (chewed-
like lump of flesh). Allah says;

( :( )

74 )
then We made out of that mudgha (chewed-like lump of flesh) bones and clothed the bones
with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to
create. (23: 14) .
Bone formation is a notable process in this stage, as embryo is transformed from the image of
mudgha which has no features of human image to the beginning of the skeleton image in a very
short period of no more than few days at the end of the 6
th
week ; therefore, the quranic verse uses
the Arabic conjunctive article (fa) instead of (thumma) to indicate quick sequence of events.
This skeleton gives the embryo the image of a human being after being clothed with lahm
(muscles). The two eyes and the two lips then appear, and the head is differentiated from the
trunk and the limbs. This is in accordance with the Prophets (PBUH) saying in "Sahih Muslim";
When 42 nights have passed over the conception , Allah sends an angel to it, who shapes it
(into human form) and makes its ears, eyes, skin, muscles and bones. Then he says; ` O Lord,
is it male or female?`, and your Lord decides what He wishes and the angel records it.
After 42 nights (6 weeks), the embryo begins to take the human image with the appearance of
cartilaginous skeleton, then the external genitals begin to appear later on (the 10
th
week). In the
7
th
week (Figure 13) the human image gets clearer with the start of the spread of skeleton. This
week represents (between 40 and 45 days) the demarcation line between mudgha and human
image.
So, it is well proved that the Quran's words are very well contrived and scientifically accurate, as
they are composed by Allah Who has perfected everything .


The stage of muscles (clothing with flesh)


This stage is characterized with muscles encircling and tightly surrounding the bones. With the
completion of clothing the bones with lahm (muscles and flesh), the human image starts to be
more clear, as human parts are appropriately connected. After completion of myogenesis (muscle
formation), the embryo can start to move.
This stage, which starts at the end of the 7
th
week (Figure 14) and ends at the end of the 8
th
week
(Figure 15), is considered as the end of the stage of takhaloq (formation). Embryologists termed
the end of the 8
th
week as the end of the embryology stage followed by the foetus stage which
coincides with the Nashah (developing) stage as Quran stated. Allah says;
(

) :( 74 )
And clothed the bones with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature. So blessed be
Allah, the best to create. (23: 14)




Fig. 14 : Day 48
Fig. 15 : Day 56

Until very recently, embryologists assumed that the bones and muscles in an embryo developed at the same time.
For this reason, for a long time, some people claimed that these verses conflicted with science. Yet, advanced
microscopic research conducted by virtue of new technological developments has revealed that the revelation of the
Quran is word for word correct. These observations at the microscopic level showed that the development inside the
mother's womb takes place in just the way it is described in the verses. First, the cartilage tissue of the embryo
ossifies. Then muscular cells that are selected from amongst the tissue around the bones come together and wrap
around the bones



The stage of Nashah (developing) and viability


Scientific facts:

By the end of the 8
th
week, a new stage starts where important processes occur. The rate of
developing accelerates compared with the previous one. The embryo transforms into another
creature, as the sizes of head, body and limbs start to be balanced and regular between the 9
th
and
12
th
week. At the 10
th
week, external genital organs appear, and the skeleton develops structure
from soft cartilaginous to hard calcic bones at the 12
th
week (Figure 16-a). Limbs and fingers are
distinguished at the same week. The gender of the embryo is manifest with the clear appearance
of genitalia.

The weight of the embryo increases noticeably. Voluntary and involuntary muscles develop, and voluntary
movements start in this stage. In the 16th week (112 days) the foetus can grasp with his hands, kick, or even
somersault (Figure 16-b).


(Fig. 16 -a) The 12
th
week ( around 84 days)
the embryonic shape appears with sizes of head, body
and limbs
well formed, and fingers distinguished.
(Nashah formation of another creature )


(Fig. 16 -b) The 16
th
week ( 112 days) : 13 cm tall embryo
.
eyebrows, eyelashes and fine hair appear.
The foetus can grasp with his hands, kick, or even
somersault.
here the unborn baby is sucking his thumb !


In this stage the organs and the systems become well prepared to function. The foetus is ready for
life outside the womb starting from the 22
nd
week to the 26
th
week (i.e., after the completion of the
6
th
month of gestation), when the respiratory system is ready to function and the nervous system is
able to adjust the temperature of foetus body.
The first sense to develop in a developing human embryo is hearing. The foetus can hear sounds
after the 24th week. Subsequently, the sense of sight is developed and by the 28th week, the retina
becomes sensitive to light.
In this stage, no new system or organs are formed, and the uterus provides food and suitable
environment for the foetus to thrive until the stage of labour.

Reflections on Quranic verses :

This stage starts after the stage of clothing the bones with lahm (muscles and flesh), i.e., at the
beginning of the 9
th
week, taking a period of almost 3 weeks. This is indicated with the use of
conjunctive article (thumma) then, which denotes a time break between clothing with lahm and
developing into another creature: He the Almighty says;

:( ) 74 )
And clothed the bones with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature. So blessed be
Allah, the best to create (23: 14).

After the development of the cartilaginous skeleton, clothing it with muscles, and the head and the
limbs are distinguished, the embryo changes into a human creature well differentiated from other
creatures.
During this stage, some important processes occur in the development of the embryo, which are
clearly described in the Holy Quran and can be summarized as follows:
1- Nashah (developing) which is clearly noticed in the accelerated rate of growth at the 9
th
week
compared with the previous stages.
2- Khalqan Akhar (another creature): this description coincides with the first one and indicates
that the embryo has changed in the nashah stage into another creature, i.e., the foetus. Limbs and
external organs begin to appear, and fingers and external genitalia are distinguished. Allah the
Almighty says;

) 6
He it is Who shapes you in the wombs as He pleases. There is no god but He, the Exalted in
Might, the Wise. (3:6)

Here is an exquisite remark. Allah says in Surat Al Zumar;

( ) 6 )
He creates you in the wombs of your mothers in stages, one after another, in three veils of
darkness. (39:6), thus indicating the continuation of the embryonic development and the change
from one stage into another, as explained earlier. Embryologists have confirmed that the foetus
is surrounded, during the stages of development, with three membranes:
1- The amnion membrane which contains a fluid encompassing the foetus to make it in a
state of swimming, thus protecting it from trauma that the uterus encounters, and
facilitates the foetus movements for re-position smoothly during labour. (Figure 17)
2- The chorion membrane.
3- The decidua membrane.

Some scholars interpreted the three veils of darkness with the amniotic membrane surrounding
the uterus, wall of uterus, and abdomen wall (Figure 18). Yet, Allah knows best.




Fig. 17 : Membranes
surrounding the foetus
(press on photo for
enlargement)
Fig. 18 : Three
layers
protect the foetus



As we have mentioned before, the foetus becomes ready for life outside the womb after
completion of the 6
th
month. It is noticed that the Quranic statement indicates in Surat Ahqaf
that the stage of conception and incubation takes 30 months;
)

( :( 75 )
The bearing of him (the child) and the weaning of him is thirty months (46: 15),
whereas in Surat Luqman, it is indicated that the period of incubation is 24 months;
:( )

( 74 )
And in two years was his weaning. (31: 14).
With a simple calculation, we deduce that the quranic statement decides that the least period of
conception is 6 months as mentioned earlier, being a scientific fact, and before the 22
nd
week, in
which this stage starts, the foetus is delivered abortus (not able to survive) in most cases. Praise
be to Allah is the Omniscient.

It is very interesting to mention that the first sense to develop in a developing human embryo is
hearing. The foetus can hear sounds after the 24th week. Subsequently, the sense of sight is
developed and by the 28th week, the retina becomes sensitive to light. Consider the following
three Quranic verses related to the development of the senses in the embryo

"

( " 9 )
And HE gave You (the faculties of) hearing and sight and feeling (And understanding) -
32:9


"

( " 2 )
Verily We created man from a drop of a mingled fluid-drop (nutfa amshaj), in order to try
him: so We gave him (the gifts), of hearing and sight - 76:2


"

" ( 78 )
I t is HE WHO has created For you (the faculties of) Hearing, sight, feeling And
understanding: little thanks I t is ye give! - 23:78

In all these three verses the sense of hearing is mentioned before the sense of sight. Thus the
Quranic description matches with the discoveries in modern embryology that the sense of
hearing is develops before the sense of sight



The stage of Labour


After the passing of 9 lunar months (38 weeks), the foetus completes growth in the uterus. It is
time now to go out after the end of this specified period. Allah says;

( : ( )

5 )
And We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term (22:5). So the term
is appointed and determined;
(

) : ( 27 - 26 )
The which (foetus) We placed in a place of rest, firmly fixed, for a period (of gestation),
determined. For We do determine, for We are the best to determine (things). (77: 21-23)

Before elaborating the stages of labour, it is noteworthy to mention the Quranic reference to the
benefits of dates for the woman in labour, in which the status of the Lady Mary (mother of
prophet Issa "PBUH") is described in the following verses as ;
(

( )

26 - 26 )
And the birth pains surprised her by the trunk of the palm tree: she said; Ah! Would I had
died before this! And become a thing forgotten. But (a voice) cried to her from beneath:
Grieve not! Your Lord has set below you a rivulet. Shake to you the palm-trunk , and there
shall come falling upon you dates fresh and ripe. So eat , and drink, and be comforted
(19: 23-26).
It has been scientifically proved that dates have several benefits. Of these benefits, for the
woman in labour:
Dates are rich in fibers which help avoid constipation, as it is a natural laxative,
and helps a smooth delivery.
Dates contain more than 70% glucose, which is easily absorbed and assimilated,
thus ensuring the provision of necessary energy during labour.
Dates is also rich in minerals, particularly magnesium which is necessary for cells
physiology, and potassium which is necessary for the muscles, and iron which is
necessary to treat anemia.
Dates contain a substance that helps alert the muscles of uterus to contract and
increase contraction during delivery (this substance resembles Oxytocin hormone
excreted by pituitary glands). This is in addition to many other benefits ( no room
to mention here) . Praise be to Allah, the High and the Able.

Labour, which ends with delivery, is comprised of 4 stages:
1- Stage of dilatation of cervix and contraction of uterus muscle. This stage takes
about 7-12 hours (Figure 19) and occurs as a result of several factors: mechanic
and hormonal. A set of hormones is excreted to help facilitate the stage of labour.
Of these hormones are: Prostaglandin, Corticotropin Releasing Hormone, Adreno
Cortico Tropin, Corticol, Oxytocin, Estrogin. .
2- Stage of delivering the foetus. This stage takes about 30-50 minutes, and starts
after enough dilatation of cervix. As a result of consequent uterus contractions,
foetus head starts to emerge first (Figure 20). It is striking that the diameter of
foetus head may exceed 12 cm., i.e., normally triple the diameter of vaginal
canal. Having considered this fact, and the role of self hormonal factors, in
addition to the expansion of pelvis ligatures and muscles, that all facilitate the
delivery of the foetus, we realize the wisdom underlying Allahs saying;
( :( )

22 )
Then He makes his path smooth for him. (80: 20). So blessed be Allah, the
Most Wise of all disposers.
3- Stage of placenta emergence and the formation of blood clot behind the placenta
(Figure 19). This stage lasts about 15 minutes.
4- Stage of uterus contraction. This is to alleviate the bleeding after delivery
process, and continues for about two hours.

After delivery, and cutting the umbilical cord (Figure 21), which the foetus has depended upon
for acquiring food from his mother during pregnancy, the baby then starts another stage in a new
station in his life.





Fig. 20 :
Foetus head
starts to
emerge first





Fig. 21 : New


born baby after
cutting the
umbilical cord

Fig. 19 : Stages of Labour
(press on photo for enlargement)




Conclusion


The miracle of human creation in the holy Quran is one of many other medical miracles . Having
reviewed previous detailed statements of Quranic verses and scientific analysis of the embryonal
stages, it is evident that these Quranic verses give an accurate description of the main stages the
embryo encounters during creation and formation until delivery. It is noticed that these changes
coincide with the remarks of modern embryology, and truly expresses the external phenomena of
changes that result from the internal changes. The Quranic descriptions contain expressions
comprehensible to people of different backgrounds, whereas the current expressions in
embryology used for the description of these stages do not identify the distinguished
characteristics of the embryo in each stage, as numerical coding is used without reference to any
description. This proves the wonderful miraculous nature of the Quran, which cannot be revealed
except from the comprehensive knowledge of the Omniscient. These facts were confirmed by the
embryologist Professor Keith Moore and also other non Moslem scientists.

In the age where Quran was revealed, with the description of human creation expressed in very
accurate terms that fit with the modern rules of science, and with the confirmation that the
creation and development of embryo are fulfilled on stages, as Allah says;

( .

)( )
What is the matter with you, that ye are not conscious of Allahs majesty,- Seeing that it is He that
has created you in diverse stages" (71: 13-14)
Non- Moslem scientists at that time believed that man was created from menstrual blood. In so
far as the 17
th
century, they believed that the embryo was fully created from mans sperm, and
then it grew after entering the uterus. Thus they perceived man as a seed reduced wholly in that
small drop of sperm. The idea remained as such until the 18
th
century when microscopes proved
that sperm and ovum are both necessary for pregnancy. This was discovered so many centuries
after it had been revealed by the Holy Quran. This shows that the Quran is the word of a Will
that knows the creation of man down to its slightest detail. This Will is Allah, the creator of man,
Who says;
:( )

( 96 )
And say: Praise be to Allah, Who will soon show you His signs, so that ye shall know them
" (27: 93) , and Who also says;
( ( ) 56 )
Soon will We show them our signs in the furthest horizons, and in their own souls, until it
becomes manifest to them that this is the Truth (41: 53). Verily says the Almighty Allah.



References


1- The Holy Quran.
2- The Developing Human ( Prof. Keith Moor & Prof. T. Persaud) Edition 6 1998
3- Clinical Anatomy . By Richard Snell ( 3ed edition) published in 1986 - Little, Brown
4- A Scientist's Interpretation of References to Embryology in the Quran (Prof. Keith Moor) Journal of the Islamic
Medical Association, 1986: vol.18, Page 15-16
5- Human Development as Described in the Qur'an and Sunnah, By : Keith L. Moore ; E. Marshall Johnson ; T.V.N
Persaud, ; Gerald C. Goeringer ;
Abdul-Majeed Zindani, ; and Mustafa A Ahmed , 1992, ISBN 0-9627236-1-4. Collection of papers that were
originally presented in the First International
Conference on Scientific Signs of the Qur'an and Sunnah, held in Islamabad, Pakistan, 1987.
6- Islamic Medicine On-Line ( Dr.Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal) http://www.islamicmedicine.org
7- Video presentations of :
Professor Emeritus Keith Moore, Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the former Associate Dean of
Basic Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine
at the University of Toronto, Canada. Clip 1 Clip 2 Clip 3
Prof. E. Marshall Johnson, Chairman of the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Director
of the Daniel Baugh Institute,
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Clip 1 Clip 2
Dr. G.C. Goeringer, Course Director and Associate Professor of Medical Embryology at the Department of Cell
Biology, School of Medicine,
Georgetown University, Washington, D.C, USA. Clip 1
Dr. T.V.N. Persaud, Professor of Anatomy and Reproductive Sciences at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg,
Manitoba, Canada. Clip 1


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------


* Mr. Mohammed Abdul Hamid Madi ( senior translator in the Royal Commission Medical Center
- Yanbu - Saudi Arabia ) . Some of his work was published on line .










































What is Quran? Allah describes the Quran in
the Quran
18 comments
The best answer to the question What is Quran is provided by Allah the Lord and Rabb of
everything that is ever created and exists. The following are some of the descriptions about
Quran within the Quran asserting its authority as a divine book revealed for the entire humanity
at large.
Quran is undoubtedly the word of Allah (God)
Quran is the book of Truth
Quran is a book that discusses human beings (and their guidance)
Quran brings ones life out of darkness into light
Belief in the Quran is part of being righteous and pious
Quran was revealed to be recited / followed
Quran is Allahs words that was brought by Angel Jibraeel to Prophet Muhammad (s)
Quran is Allahs word that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in stages
Quran is Allahs word that has remain unchanged since its revelation
Nothing like Quran can be written or produced
Quran is a divine revelation that should be treated as such
Quran is Allahs (Gods) final revelation to mankind
Quran provides a complete code of living life and guidance for preparing for the hereafter
Quran is a book of healing
Qurans message has no crookedness or contradictions
Here are the Quranic verses about the Quran for the above.
Quran is undoubtedly the word of Allah (God)
Quran is a book that is the word of Allah (God) and there is no doubt about its divinity. The
claim is made by no one but Allah Himself.

This is the Book (the Quran), whereof there is no doubt, a guidance to those who are Al-
Muttaqoon (the pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much (abstain from all kinds of
sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good
deeds which He has ordained)).
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 2)
Allah makes it clear in the Quran that it could not have been revealed by anyone other than Him.
He says:

And this Quran is not such as could ever be produced by other than Allah (Lord of the
heavens and the earth), but it is a confirmation of (the revelation) which was before it [i.e. the
Taurat (Torah), and the I njeel (Gospel)], and a full explanation of the book (i.e. laws, decreed
for mankind) wherein there is no doubt from the Lord of the Alamin (mankind, jinn, and
all that exists).
Quran (Surah Younus, Verse 37)
Quran is the book of Truth
Since time immemorial people have been arguing about truth and the criteria to determine the
truth. Allah makes it clear in the Quran about ultimate truth. No book on entity has made
such a universal claim with such an authority. The Quran is the Book of Allah with a message of
truth for all of mankind:

Verily, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad (S)) the Book (this Quran) for mankind in
truth. So whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for his own self, and whosoever goes
astray, he goes astray only for his (own) loss. And you (O Muhammad (S)) are not a Wakeel
(trustee or disposer of affairs, or keeper) over them.
Quran (Surah Al-Zumar, Verse 41)
Allah also says:

These are the Verses of the Book (the Quran), and that which has been revealed unto you
(Muhammad (S)) from your Lord is the truth, but most men believe not.
Quran (Surah Ar-Raad, Verse 1)
Quran is a book that discusses mankind (and their guidance)
Allah tells us that He revealed a book that includes teachings and guidance related to mankind,
so we should follow it. He says:

I ndeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a book (the Quran) in which there is
Dhikrukum,(your Reminder or an honor for you i.e. honor for the one who follows the
teaching of the Quran and acts on its teachings). Will you not then understand?
Quran (Surah Al-Anbiya, Verse 10)
Allah also says:

And indeed We have fully explained to mankind, in this Quran, every kind of similitude, but
most mankind refuse (the truth and accept nothing) but disbelief.
[Surah Al-I sra, 17:89]
Quran brings ones life out of darkness into light

It is He Who sends down manifest Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs,
revelations, etc.) to His slave (Muhammad) that He may bring you out from darkness into
light
Quran (Surah al-Hadeed, Verse 9)
Belief in the Quran is part of being righteous and pious
Allah tells us in the Quran the various criteria of being righteous and pious, one of which is the
faith in this book (Quran).

I t is no virtue that you turn your faces towards the east or the west, but virtue is that one
should sincerely believe in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Book and the
Prophets and, out of His love, spend of ones choice wealth for relatives and orphans, for the
needy and the wayfarer, for beggars and for the ransom of slaves, and establish the Salat and
pay the Zakat. And the virtuous are those who keep their pledges when they make them and
show fortitude in hardships and adversity and in the struggle between the Truth and
falsehood; such are the truthful people and such are the pious.
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 177)
Quran was revealed to be recited for its followers
As the Quranic verse below indicates, Allah has asked Qurans followers to give its right of
recitation (to be followed). He says in the Quran:

Those (who embraced I slam from Bani I srael) to whom We gave the book [the Taurat
(Torah)] [or those (Muhammad's companions) to whom We have given the book (the Quran)]
recite it (i.e. obey its orders and follow its teachings) as it should be recited (i.e. followed), they
are the ones who believe therein. And whoso disbelieve in it (the Quran), those are they who
are the losers. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi).
Quran (Surah A-Baqarah, Verse 121)
Quran is Allahs words that was brought by Angel Jibraeel to Prophet
Muhammad (s)
Allah provides the answer about how Quran was brought to the prophet (s).

And verily, you (O Muhammad (S)) are receiving the Quran from the One, All-Wise, All-
Knowing
Qraun (Surah An-Naml, Verse 6)
Quran is Allahs word that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in stages
When Quran was being revealed to the prophet (s), the disbelievers of his time asked as to why
the entire book was not revealed all at once. To this Allah responded in the Quran:

And those who disbelieve say: Why is not the Quran revealed to him all at once? Thus (it is
sent down in parts), that We may strengthen your heart thereby. And We have revealed it to
you gradually, in stages
Quran (Surah Al-Furqan Verse 32)
Nothing like Quran can be written or produced
In the Quran, Allah has challenged mankind and the jinn to produce something like it, even one
surah or one aayah (verse), but they could not do that and will never be able to do that, as Allah
says:

Say: If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Quran, they could
not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another.
Quran (Surah Al-I sra, Verse 88)
Allah also says in the Quran:

And if you (Arab Pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that, which We
have sent down (i.e. the Quran) to Our slave (Muhammad (S)), then produce a Surah
(chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if
you are truthful.
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 23)
Quran is a divine revelation that should be treated as such
Allah emphasizes the greatness of the Quran by providing an example in the following verse:

Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, you would surely have seen it humbling itself
and rending asunder by the fear of Allah. Such are the parables, which We put forward to
mankind that they may reflect.
[Surah Al-Hashr, 58:21]
Quran is Allahs (Gods) final revelation to mankind that has remain unchanged
since its revelation
Quran is not only Allahs final word but Allah Himself has taken the pledge to safeguard it from
any corruption. As a result, we see that Quran today is in the same form as it was revealed by
Allah on Prophet Muhammad (S). All other revealed books except the Quran have been changed
and distorted over time. The Quran is and will remain, intact in its original form till the Day of
Judgment. Allah has sent down Quran to mankind and has guaranteed to preserve it, taking upon
Himself the responsibility of preserving it till the last day. Allah says:

It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Quran) and surely, We will guard it (from
corruption).
Quran (Surah Al-Hijr, Verse 9)
Quran provides a complete code of living life and guidance for preparing for the
hereafter
Quran is a blessing for mankind to be able to live peaceful lives on this earth and has guidance to
help mankind prepare for the hereafter as well. Allah says:

And We have sent down to you the Book (the Quran), as an exposition of everything, a
guidance, a mercy, and glad tidings for those who have submitted themselves (to Allah as
Muslims).
Quran (Surah An-Nahl, Verse 89)
Quran is a book of healing
Quran is a means of both physical and spiritual healing. Allah says in the Quran:

O mankind! There has come to you a good advice from your Lord (i.e. the Quran, ordering
all that is good and forbidding all that is evil), and a healing for that (disease of ignorance,
doubt, hypocrisy and differences, etc.) in your breasts, a guidance and a mercy (explaining
lawful and unlawful things, etc.) for the believers.
Quran (Surah Younus, 57)
Allah also says:

And We sent down in the Quran such things that have healing and mercy for the believers
Quran (Surah Al-I sra, Verse 82)
Qurans message has no crookedness or contradictions
Allah says in the Quran:

Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been from other than Allah, they
would surely have found therein many a contradiction.
Quran (Surah An-Nisa, Verse 82)
He also says:

All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has sent down to His slave (Muhammad SAW)
the Book (the Quran), and has not placed therein any crookedness.
Quran (Surah Al-Kahf, Verse 1)

What is Quran? Allah describes the Quran in
the Quran
18 comments
The best answer to the question What is Quran is provided by Allah the Lord and Rabb of
everything that is ever created and exists. The following are some of the descriptions about
Quran within the Quran asserting its authority as a divine book revealed for the entire humanity
at large.
Quran is undoubtedly the word of Allah (God)
Quran is the book of Truth
Quran is a book that discusses human beings (and their guidance)
Quran brings ones life out of darkness into light
Belief in the Quran is part of being righteous and pious
Quran was revealed to be recited / followed
Quran is Allahs words that was brought by Angel Jibraeel to Prophet Muhammad (s)
Quran is Allahs word that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in stages
Quran is Allahs word that has remain unchanged since its revelation
Nothing like Quran can be written or produced
Quran is a divine revelation that should be treated as such
Quran is Allahs (Gods) final revelation to mankind
Quran provides a complete code of living life and guidance for preparing for the hereafter
Quran is a book of healing
Qurans message has no crookedness or contradictions
Here are the Quranic verses about the Quran for the above.
Quran is undoubtedly the word of Allah (God)
Quran is a book that is the word of Allah (God) and there is no doubt about its divinity. The
claim is made by no one but Allah Himself.

This is the Book (the Quran), whereof there is no doubt, a guidance to those who are Al-
Muttaqoon (the pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much (abstain from all kinds of
sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good
deeds which He has ordained)).
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 2)
Allah makes it clear in the Quran that it could not have been revealed by anyone other than Him.
He says:

And this Quran is not such as could ever be produced by other than Allah (Lord of the
heavens and the earth), but it is a confirmation of (the revelation) which was before it [i.e. the
Taurat (Torah), and the I njeel (Gospel)], and a full explanation of the book (i.e. laws, decreed
for mankind) wherein there is no doubt from the Lord of the Alamin (mankind, jinn, and
all that exists).
Quran (Surah Younus, Verse 37)
Quran is the book of Truth
Since time immemorial people have been arguing about truth and the criteria to determine the
truth. Allah makes it clear in the Quran about ultimate truth. No book on entity has made
such a universal claim with such an authority. The Quran is the Book of Allah with a message of
truth for all of mankind:

Verily, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad (S)) the Book (this Quran) for mankind in
truth. So whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for his own self, and whosoever goes
astray, he goes astray only for his (own) loss. And you (O Muhammad (S)) are not a Wakeel
(trustee or disposer of affairs, or keeper) over them.
Quran (Surah Al-Zumar, Verse 41)
Allah also says:

These are the Verses of the Book (the Quran), and that which has been revealed unto you
(Muhammad (S)) from your Lord is the truth, but most men believe not.
Quran (Surah Ar-Raad, Verse 1)
Quran is a book that discusses mankind (and their guidance)
Allah tells us that He revealed a book that includes teachings and guidance related to mankind,
so we should follow it. He says:

I ndeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a book (the Quran) in which there is
Dhikrukum,(your Reminder or an honor for you i.e. honor for the one who follows the
teaching of the Quran and acts on its teachings). Will you not then understand?
Quran (Surah Al-Anbiya, Verse 10)
Allah also says:

And indeed We have fully explained to mankind, in this Quran, every kind of similitude, but
most mankind refuse (the truth and accept nothing) but disbelief.
[Surah Al-I sra, 17:89]
Quran brings ones life out of darkness into light

It is He Who sends down manifest Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs,
revelations, etc.) to His slave (Muhammad) that He may bring you out from darkness into
light
Quran (Surah al-Hadeed, Verse 9)
Belief in the Quran is part of being righteous and pious
Allah tells us in the Quran the various criteria of being righteous and pious, one of which is the
faith in this book (Quran).

I t is no virtue that you turn your faces towards the east or the west, but virtue is that one
should sincerely believe in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Book and the
Prophets and, out of His love, spend of ones choice wealth for relatives and orphans, for the
needy and the wayfarer, for beggars and for the ransom of slaves, and establish the Salat and
pay the Zakat. And the virtuous are those who keep their pledges when they make them and
show fortitude in hardships and adversity and in the struggle between the Truth and
falsehood; such are the truthful people and such are the pious.
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 177)
Quran was revealed to be recited for its followers
As the Quranic verse below indicates, Allah has asked Qurans followers to give its right of
recitation (to be followed). He says in the Quran:

Those (who embraced I slam from Bani I srael) to whom We gave the book [the Taurat
(Torah)] [or those (Muhammad's companions) to whom We have given the book (the Quran)]
recite it (i.e. obey its orders and follow its teachings) as it should be recited (i.e. followed), they
are the ones who believe therein. And whoso disbelieve in it (the Quran), those are they who
are the losers. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi).
Quran (Surah A-Baqarah, Verse 121)
Quran is Allahs words that was brought by Angel Jibraeel to Prophet
Muhammad (s)
Allah provides the answer about how Quran was brought to the prophet (s).

And verily, you (O Muhammad (S)) are receiving the Quran from the One, All-Wise, All-
Knowing
Qraun (Surah An-Naml, Verse 6)
Quran is Allahs word that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in stages
When Quran was being revealed to the prophet (s), the disbelievers of his time asked as to why
the entire book was not revealed all at once. To this Allah responded in the Quran:

And those who disbelieve say: Why is not the Quran revealed to him all at once? Thus (it is
sent down in parts), that We may strengthen your heart thereby. And We have revealed it to
you gradually, in stages
Quran (Surah Al-Furqan Verse 32)
Nothing like Quran can be written or produced
In the Quran, Allah has challenged mankind and the jinn to produce something like it, even one
surah or one aayah (verse), but they could not do that and will never be able to do that, as Allah
says:

Say: If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Quran, they could
not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another.
Quran (Surah Al-I sra, Verse 88)
Allah also says in the Quran:

And if you (Arab Pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that, which We
have sent down (i.e. the Quran) to Our slave (Muhammad (S)), then produce a Surah
(chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if
you are truthful.
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 23)
Quran is a divine revelation that should be treated as such
Allah emphasizes the greatness of the Quran by providing an example in the following verse:

Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, you would surely have seen it humbling itself
and rending asunder by the fear of Allah. Such are the parables, which We put forward to
mankind that they may reflect.
[Surah Al-Hashr, 58:21]
Quran is Allahs (Gods) final revelation to mankind that has remain unchanged
since its revelation
Quran is not only Allahs final word but Allah Himself has taken the pledge to safeguard it from
any corruption. As a result, we see that Quran today is in the same form as it was revealed by
Allah on Prophet Muhammad (S). All other revealed books except the Quran have been changed
and distorted over time. The Quran is and will remain, intact in its original form till the Day of
Judgment. Allah has sent down Quran to mankind and has guaranteed to preserve it, taking upon
Himself the responsibility of preserving it till the last day. Allah says:

It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Quran) and surely, We will guard it (from
corruption).
Quran (Surah Al-Hijr, Verse 9)
Quran provides a complete code of living life and guidance for preparing for the
hereafter
Quran is a blessing for mankind to be able to live peaceful lives on this earth and has guidance to
help mankind prepare for the hereafter as well. Allah says:

And We have sent down to you the Book (the Quran), as an exposition of everything, a
guidance, a mercy, and glad tidings for those who have submitted themselves (to Allah as
Muslims).
Quran (Surah An-Nahl, Verse 89)
Quran is a book of healing
Quran is a means of both physical and spiritual healing. Allah says in the Quran:

O mankind! There has come to you a good advice from your Lord (i.e. the Quran, ordering
all that is good and forbidding all that is evil), and a healing for that (disease of ignorance,
doubt, hypocrisy and differences, etc.) in your breasts, a guidance and a mercy (explaining
lawful and unlawful things, etc.) for the believers.
Quran (Surah Younus, 57)
Allah also says:

And We sent down in the Quran such things that have healing and mercy for the believers
Quran (Surah Al-I sra, Verse 82)
Qurans message has no crookedness or contradictions
Allah says in the Quran:

Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been from other than Allah, they
would surely have found therein many a contradiction.
Quran (Surah An-Nisa, Verse 82)
He also says:

All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has sent down to His slave (Muhammad SAW)
the Book (the Quran), and has not placed therein any crookedness.
Quran (Surah Al-Kahf, Verse 1)

What is Quran? Allah describes the Quran in
the Quran
18 comments
The best answer to the question What is Quran is provided by Allah the Lord and Rabb of
everything that is ever created and exists. The following are some of the descriptions about
Quran within the Quran asserting its authority as a divine book revealed for the entire humanity
at large.
Quran is undoubtedly the word of Allah (God)
Quran is the book of Truth
Quran is a book that discusses human beings (and their guidance)
Quran brings ones life out of darkness into light
Belief in the Quran is part of being righteous and pious
Quran was revealed to be recited / followed
Quran is Allahs words that was brought by Angel Jibraeel to Prophet Muhammad (s)
Quran is Allahs word that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in stages
Quran is Allahs word that has remain unchanged since its revelation
Nothing like Quran can be written or produced
Quran is a divine revelation that should be treated as such
Quran is Allahs (Gods) final revelation to mankind
Quran provides a complete code of living life and guidance for preparing for the hereafter
Quran is a book of healing
Qurans message has no crookedness or contradictions
Here are the Quranic verses about the Quran for the above.
Quran is undoubtedly the word of Allah (God)
Quran is a book that is the word of Allah (God) and there is no doubt about its divinity. The
claim is made by no one but Allah Himself.

This is the Book (the Quran), whereof there is no doubt, a guidance to those who are Al-
Muttaqoon (the pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much (abstain from all kinds of
sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good
deeds which He has ordained)).
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 2)
Allah makes it clear in the Quran that it could not have been revealed by anyone other than Him.
He says:

And this Quran is not such as could ever be produced by other than Allah (Lord of the
heavens and the earth), but it is a confirmation of (the revelation) which was before it [i.e. the
Taurat (Torah), and the I njeel (Gospel)], and a full explanation of the book (i.e. laws, decreed
for mankind) wherein there is no doubt from the Lord of the Alamin (mankind, jinn, and
all that exists).
Quran (Surah Younus, Verse 37)
Quran is the book of Truth
Since time immemorial people have been arguing about truth and the criteria to determine the
truth. Allah makes it clear in the Quran about ultimate truth. No book on entity has made
such a universal claim with such an authority. The Quran is the Book of Allah with a message of
truth for all of mankind:

Verily, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad (S)) the Book (this Quran) for mankind in
truth. So whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for his own self, and whosoever goes
astray, he goes astray only for his (own) loss. And you (O Muhammad (S)) are not a Wakeel
(trustee or disposer of affairs, or keeper) over them.
Quran (Surah Al-Zumar, Verse 41)
Allah also says:

These are the Verses of the Book (the Quran), and that which has been revealed unto you
(Muhammad (S)) from your Lord is the truth, but most men believe not.
Quran (Surah Ar-Raad, Verse 1)
Quran is a book that discusses mankind (and their guidance)
Allah tells us that He revealed a book that includes teachings and guidance related to mankind,
so we should follow it. He says:

I ndeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a book (the Quran) in which there is
Dhikrukum,(your Reminder or an honor for you i.e. honor for the one who follows the
teaching of the Quran and acts on its teachings). Will you not then understand?
Quran (Surah Al-Anbiya, Verse 10)
Allah also says:

And indeed We have fully explained to mankind, in this Quran, every kind of similitude, but
most mankind refuse (the truth and accept nothing) but disbelief.
[Surah Al-I sra, 17:89]
Quran brings ones life out of darkness into light

It is He Who sends down manifest Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs,
revelations, etc.) to His slave (Muhammad) that He may bring you out from darkness into
light
Quran (Surah al-Hadeed, Verse 9)
Belief in the Quran is part of being righteous and pious
Allah tells us in the Quran the various criteria of being righteous and pious, one of which is the
faith in this book (Quran).

I t is no virtue that you turn your faces towards the east or the west, but virtue is that one
should sincerely believe in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Book and the
Prophets and, out of His love, spend of ones choice wealth for relatives and orphans, for the
needy and the wayfarer, for beggars and for the ransom of slaves, and establish the Salat and
pay the Zakat. And the virtuous are those who keep their pledges when they make them and
show fortitude in hardships and adversity and in the struggle between the Truth and
falsehood; such are the truthful people and such are the pious.
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 177)
Quran was revealed to be recited for its followers
As the Quranic verse below indicates, Allah has asked Qurans followers to give its right of
recitation (to be followed). He says in the Quran:

Those (who embraced I slam from Bani I srael) to whom We gave the book [the Taurat
(Torah)] [or those (Muhammad's companions) to whom We have given the book (the Quran)]
recite it (i.e. obey its orders and follow its teachings) as it should be recited (i.e. followed), they
are the ones who believe therein. And whoso disbelieve in it (the Quran), those are they who
are the losers. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi).
Quran (Surah A-Baqarah, Verse 121)
Quran is Allahs words that was brought by Angel Jibraeel to Prophet
Muhammad (s)
Allah provides the answer about how Quran was brought to the prophet (s).

And verily, you (O Muhammad (S)) are receiving the Quran from the One, All-Wise, All-
Knowing
Qraun (Surah An-Naml, Verse 6)
Quran is Allahs word that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in stages
When Quran was being revealed to the prophet (s), the disbelievers of his time asked as to why
the entire book was not revealed all at once. To this Allah responded in the Quran:

And those who disbelieve say: Why is not the Quran revealed to him all at once? Thus (it is
sent down in parts), that We may strengthen your heart thereby. And We have revealed it to
you gradually, in stages
Quran (Surah Al-Furqan Verse 32)
Nothing like Quran can be written or produced
In the Quran, Allah has challenged mankind and the jinn to produce something like it, even one
surah or one aayah (verse), but they could not do that and will never be able to do that, as Allah
says:

Say: If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Quran, they could
not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another.
Quran (Surah Al-I sra, Verse 88)
Allah also says in the Quran:

And if you (Arab Pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that, which We
have sent down (i.e. the Quran) to Our slave (Muhammad (S)), then produce a Surah
(chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if
you are truthful.
Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 23)
Quran is a divine revelation that should be treated as such
Allah emphasizes the greatness of the Quran by providing an example in the following verse:

Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, you would surely have seen it humbling itself
and rending asunder by the fear of Allah. Such are the parables, which We put forward to
mankind that they may reflect.
[Surah Al-Hashr, 58:21]
Quran is Allahs (Gods) final revelation to mankind that has remain unchanged
since its revelation
Quran is not only Allahs final word but Allah Himself has taken the pledge to safeguard it from
any corruption. As a result, we see that Quran today is in the same form as it was revealed by
Allah on Prophet Muhammad (S). All other revealed books except the Quran have been changed
and distorted over time. The Quran is and will remain, intact in its original form till the Day of
Judgment. Allah has sent down Quran to mankind and has guaranteed to preserve it, taking upon
Himself the responsibility of preserving it till the last day. Allah says:

It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Quran) and surely, We will guard it (from
corruption).
Quran (Surah Al-Hijr, Verse 9)
Quran provides a complete code of living life and guidance for preparing for the
hereafter
Quran is a blessing for mankind to be able to live peaceful lives on this earth and has guidance to
help mankind prepare for the hereafter as well. Allah says:

And We have sent down to you the Book (the Quran), as an exposition of everything, a
guidance, a mercy, and glad tidings for those who have submitted themselves (to Allah as
Muslims).
Quran (Surah An-Nahl, Verse 89)
Quran is a book of healing
Quran is a means of both physical and spiritual healing. Allah says in the Quran:

O mankind! There has come to you a good advice from your Lord (i.e. the Quran, ordering
all that is good and forbidding all that is evil), and a healing for that (disease of ignorance,
doubt, hypocrisy and differences, etc.) in your breasts, a guidance and a mercy (explaining
lawful and unlawful things, etc.) for the believers.
Quran (Surah Younus, 57)
Allah also says:

And We sent down in the Quran such things that have healing and mercy for the believers
Quran (Surah Al-I sra, Verse 82)
Qurans message has no crookedness or contradictions
Allah says in the Quran:

Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been from other than Allah, they
would surely have found therein many a contradiction.
Quran (Surah An-Nisa, Verse 82)
He also says:

All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has sent down to His slave (Muhammad SAW)
the Book (the Quran), and has not placed therein any crookedness.
Quran (Surah Al-Kahf, Verse 1)
Three darkness vail
Foetus protected by three vail of darkness

039.006

039.006 He created you (all) from a single person: then created, of like nature, his mate; and he
sent down for you eight head of cattle in pairs: He makes you, in the wombs of your mothers, in
stages, one after another, in three veils of darkness. such is Allah, your Lord and Cherisher: to Him
belongs (all) dominion. There is no god but He: then how are ye turned away (from your true
Centre)?[Al-Qur'an-Surah Az-Zumar-, 039.006]

The following three stages are
(i)(i)anterior abdominal wall of the motheranterior abdominal wall of the mother
(ii)(ii)the uterine wallthe uterine wall
(iii)(iii) the amnio-chorionic membrane.the amnio-chorionic membrane.
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Three Dark Stages



Three Dark Stages
In the Quran, it is related that man is created through a three-stage process in the mothers
womb.
039.006

He creates you stage by stage in your mothers wombs in threefold darkness. That is Allah, your
Lord. Sovereignty is His. There is no deity but Him. So what has made you deviate? (Quran, Az-Zumar-
39:6)
The expression fee thulumaatin thalaathin, translated into English as a threefold darkness, indicates
three dark regions involved during the development of the embryo. These are:
a) The darkness of the abdomen
b) The darkness of the womb
c) The darkness of the placenta
As we have seen, modern biology has revealed that the embryological development of the baby takes
place in the manner revealed in the verse, in three dark regions. Moreover, advances in the science of
embryology show that these regions consist of three layers each.
The lateral abdominal wall comprises three layers: the external oblique, the internal oblique, and
transverses abdominis muscles.91
Similarly, the wall of the womb also consists of three layers: the epimetrium, the myometrium and the
endometrium.92
Similarly again, the placenta surrounding the embryo also consists of three layers: the amnion (the
internal membrane around the foetus), the chorion (the middle amnion layer) and the decidua (outer
amnion layer.)93
It is also pointed out in this verse that a human being is created in the mothers womb in three distinct
stages.
Indeed, modern biology has also revealed that the babys embryological development takes place in
three distinct regions in the mothers womb. Today, in all the embryology textbooks studied in
departments of medicine, this subject is taken as an element of basic knowledge. For instance, in Basic
Human Embryology, a fundamental reference text in the field of embryology, this fact is stated as
follows:
Read more
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Sex of Child
Sex of Child

Until fairly recently, it was thought that a baby's sex was determined
by the mother's cells. Or at least, it was believed that the sex was determined by the male and female
cells together. But, we are given different information in the Qur'an, where it is stated that masculinity
or femininity is created out of "a drop of sperm which has been ejected."
053.045

053.046

He has created both sexes, male and female from a drop of semen which has been ejected. (Qur'an,
An-Najm -53:45-46)
075.037

075.038

075.039

Wasn't he a drop of ejaculated sperm, then an embryo which He created and shaped, making from it
both sexes, male and female? (Qur'an, Al-Qiyama -75:37-39)
The developing disciplines of genetics and molecular biology have scientifically validated the accuracy of
this information given by the Qur'an. It is now understood that sex is determined by the sperm cells
from the male, and that the female has no role in this process.
Chromosomes are the main elements in determining sex. Two of the 46 chromosomes that determine
the structure of a human being are identified as the sex chromosomes. These two chromosomes are
called "XY" in males, and "XX" in females, because the shapes of the chromosomes resemble these
letters. The Y chromosome carries the genes that code for masculinity, while the X chromosome carries
the genes that code for femininity.
The formation of a new human being begins with the cross combination of one of these chromosomes,
which exist in males and females in pairs. In females, both components of the sex cell, which divides into
two during ovulation, carry X chromosomes. The sex cell of a male, on the other hand, produces two
different kinds of sperm, one that contains X chromosomes and the other Y chromosomes. If an X
chromosome from the female unites with a sperm that contains an X chromosome, then the baby is
female. If it unites with the sperm that contains a Y chromosome, the baby is male.
In other words, a baby's sex is determined by which chromosome from the male unites with the
female's ovum.
None of this was known until the discovery of genes in the 20th century. Indeed, in many cultures, it was
believed that a baby's sex was determined by the female. That was why women were blamed when they
gave birth to girls.
Fourteen centuries before human genes were discovered, however, the Qur'an revealed information
that denies this superstition, and referred to the origin of sex lying not with women, but with the semen
deriving from men.
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