Lewis Dot Structure Flow Chart

Given the following structures to be drawn: N, Be+2 , F-1 , CaF2 , CH3CH3, CH2CH2, PO4-3, K2SO4,

H3PO4
1. Look for isolated atoms: [N] is an atom in group 5. Place its 5 electrons in the 4 orbitals, maximizing the number of unpaired electrons.

Be F-1

+2

2. Look for simple ions: [Be+2,F-1] :Since atoms become ions by losing or gaining electrons to achieve full rings, ions have no dots. The questions and answers are the same. 3. Look for substances with no radicals: [CaF2, CH3CH3, CH2CH2]

Ca+2 + 2 F-1

a. Are any ionic (one atom from groups 1-3, the other from groups 47 including H)? sing the periodic ta!le, determine the charges of the ions and "rite their dot structures as in part #, a!o$e. !. %he others must !e co$alent, "ith !oth atoms in groups 4-7 including H. &CH3CH3, CH2CH2] Draw the single bond structures making covalent bonds: Are single !onds sufficient, that is, do they conform to the ' electron rule? (f yes, as in CH3CH3, the structure is finished. If no, as in CH2CH2, where each "C" has only 7 electrons, make multiple bonds to give each atom (except H) 8 electrons.

4. We are left with radicals and compounds involving radicals. [PO4-3, K2SO4, H3PO4] Always draw the radicals first. Do not make O-O bonds in radicals. When drawing PO4-3, we draw the P first, attach the 4 oxygens around it (one bond is a coordinate covalent bond) and then add three additional electrons, one to each of three oxygens to account for the -3 charge.

When drawing the SO4 from K2SO4, we draw SO4-2, either because we know it normally has a -2 charge, or because we know it must bond ionically with K and each K must lose 1 electron to become charged +1. Thus, SO4 must be charged -2.

The PO4 in H3PO4, is not charged since it will bond covalently with the 3 H atoms. (See conditions for ionic and covalent bonding in part 3, above.

Lewis Dot Structures Worksheet 1 of 5 atoms

)ra" only outer electrons that fill in the A groups. *a+imi,e the num!er of unpaired electrons. -+amples

Atoms gain or lose electrons to reach a no!le gas configuration. %hus, there are no dots in these structures. -+amples (note that the .uestions and ans"ers are the same)/

simple ions %he dot structure of Na+1 is Na+1 . %he dot structure of O-2 is O-2.
0ote that 0a is in group 1 and should lose 1 electron "hile 1 is in group 2 and should gain # electrons. 1. *a3e certain it4s ionic/ one atom must !e from groups 1-3, the other from groups 4-7 (including H). 0ote that later in the course you "ill de$elop some"hat !etter rules for esta!lishing ho" ionic the !ond is. *g1 and 5a5l# are ionic6 0#13 and 5l7 are not. #. )etermine the charges on the ions from the group in the periodic ta!le. group 1 # 3 4 8 2 7 '

ionic compoun s

charge 91 9# 93 -4 -3 -# -1 : 3. *a3e sure that the sum of the charges of all of the ions add up to ,ero. (n Al#13, Al, in group 3, "ill !e 93 "hile 1, in group 2, "ill !e -#. ; * < #(93) 9 3(-#) < :. 4. %hen "rite the structure according to the format !elo". ;ee the !ottom.

formula =e"is dot structure

5a5l#

*g1

*g30#

Ca+2 + 2 Cl-1 !"+2 + O-2# $ !"+2 + 2 N-$.

practice

atoms/ 0, 5, Al, *g, 7, As ions/ 5s91 , 7-1 , *g9# , 1-# , >-3 , ;i-4 , ?93 ionic compounds/ *g;, 5a3>#, 0a5l, 0a4;i, 7r#;e, Al#13, 0a30

Lewis Dot Structures Worksheet 2 of 5 simple co$alent !ond is a pair of electrons (usually one from each atom) shared !et"een t"o co%alen A nuclei. (n a correct structure, counting shared electrons "ith !oth atoms, H al"ays "inds up "ith # outer electrons and e$ery other atom "ith '. ?oth atoms in the !ond t must come from groups 4-7, including H. molecul es
H# 5H35H#5H#1H 574

e&amples
simple co%alent/ 5H4, H#1, 0H3, (5H#)4

practice

assorte / ?, H#1, *g7#, ;e-#, 073, *g30#

Lewis Dot Structures Worksheet $ of 5 co%alent molecul es (f the criteria for a co$alent !ond are fulfilled, yet there are not enough electrons to e$ery atom !ut H "ith ' electrons, slide other electrons (usually unpaired) into in%ol%in supply the inter-nuclear region to ma3e dou!le, triple, and occasionally fractional !onds. " multipl e 'on s
1# 0# 51#

e&amples

5H3511H

5H35H5H#

01

multiple co$alent !onds/ ;i1#, >#, 5#H4, 5#H#, 51, 01, 5H#55H#, H50

practice

assorted/ 0e, 5H3515H3, 5l#, ;r7#, ;r1, >#, @50, ?93, 5H#5H#, 0a1H

Lewis Dot Structures Worksheet ( of 5 ra icals

=arge ions in "hich atoms are co$alently !onded together !ut often !ond ionically "ith other atoms or radicals. Ahile structures "ith coordinate co$alent !onds generally re.uire many resonance forms, it "ill !e necessary, in the introductory course, to dra" only one of these resonace forms. As a general rule, do not ma3e o+ygen-o+ygen !onds !ut radiate the o+ygen atoms around the central atom, ma3ing coordinate co$alent !onds if needed. 0H491 ammonium >14-3 phosphate 513-# car!onate H513-1 hydrogen car!onate ;14-# sulfate 1H-1 hydro+yl ;13-# sulfite 013-1 nitrate

common ra icals

5l13-1 chlorate 01#-1 nitrite

;14-#

0H491

513-#

e&amples
ra icals/ 0H491 , >14-3 , ;14-# , ;13-# , 5l13-1 , 513-# , 1H-1 , 013-1 , 01#-1 , H513-1

practice

assorte / 1, 7-1, ;r3>#, 574, H#51, 0H491 , Al#13 , @50 , ;14-# , 513-#

Lewis Dot Structures Worksheet 5 of 5

compoun s in%ol%in" ra icals

Becogni,e the radical(s), dra" them first, and distinguish ionic from co$alent !onding

@1H

(0H3)3>14

H#;14

e&amples
compoun s in%ol%in" ra icals/ @50 , *g(50)# , 0H45l , 5a(1H)# , @5l13 , 5a513 , (0H4)#;14 , Al#(;14)3 , 5H35110a , *g(013)#

practice

assorte / 0#, (5H#)8, H3>14, (0H4)#513, As, 0e, *g1, 1H-1, 51#, ?e9#, 01, @#;14, >-3, 5a(50)#, 013-1, >H3, Al#%e3