Version 001 Quantum tubman (19112) This print-out should have 12 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. Holt SF 23B 02 001 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Light of wavelength 350 nm falls on a potassium surface, and the photoelectrons have a maximum kinetic energy of 1.3 eV. What is the work function of potassium? The speed of light is 3 108 m/s and Plancks constant is 6.63 1034 J s . Correct answer: 2.25179 eV. Explanation: Let : = 350 nm = 3.5 107 m , Kmax = 1.3 eV , h = 6.63 1034 J s , and c = 3.00 108 m/s . 3. III only 4. I and II only 5. I only

AP B 1993 MC 53 003 10.0 points In the photoelectric eect, the maximum speed of the electrons emitted by a metal surface when it is illuminated by light depends on which of the following? I) Intensity of the light II) Frequency of the light III) Nature of the photoelectric surface 1. I, II, and III 2. II and III only correct

Explanation: According to Einstein, the maximum kinetic energy for the liberated electrons is Kmax = h f , where is the work function of the metal. Therefore, Kmax is independent of the intensity of light. It does depend on the frequency of the light, and the nature of the photoelectric surface (which determines ). AP B 1994 FR 3a 004 10.0 points A series of measurements were taken of the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a metallic surface when light of various frequencies is incident on the surface. The table below lists the measurements that were taken. Light Frequency 5 1014 Hz 6 1014 Hz 7 1014 Hz 8 1014 Hz 9 1014 Hz 1 1015 Hz Maximum Kinetic Energy 0.69 eV 1.2 eV 1.4 eV 2.1 eV 2.1 eV 2.8 eV

Kmax = h f h ft c h ft = h Kmax 6.63 1034 J s = 1.6 1019 J/eV 3 108 m/s 3.5 107 m 1.3 eV = 2.25179 eV . 002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the threshold frequency for potassium? Correct answer: 5.43417 1014 Hz. Explanation: ft = h ft h (2.25179 eV)(1.6 1019 J/eV) = 6.63 1034 J s = 5.43417 1014 Hz .

Version 001 Quantum tubman (19112) On the axes below, plot the kinetic energy versus light frequency for the data, and draw the best straight-line t to the data. Electron Energy vs Frequency 30 Maximum Kinetic Energy ( 101 eV) 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 1

hf W , Plancks constant h is the slope of the best t line of Kmax vs f . For calculation of the slope using two points on the line, not data points. For any two points (1 and 2) on the line K2 K1 Slope = . f2 f1 For example, for points (10 Hz, 2.8 eV) and (5 Hz, 0.69 eV), 2.8 eV 0.69 eV h 1 1015 Hz 5 1014 Hz 4.22 1015 eV s , or least squares t = 3.98571 1015 eV s = (3.98571 1015 eV s) (1.60218 1019 J/eV) = 6.38582 1034 J s , where the linear least squares t to the data points is Kmax = (3.98571 1015 eV s) f 1.27429 eV . AP B 1993 MC 38 005 10.0 points Of the following phenomena, which provides the best evidence that particles can have wave properties? 1. The production of X-rays by electrons striking a metal target 2. The scattering of photons by electrons at rest 3. The absorption of photons by electrons in an atom 4. The -decay of radioactive nuclei 5. The interference pattern produced by neutrons incident on a crystal correct Explanation: The interference pattern produced by neutrons hitting a crystal is very similar to the interference patterns produced by light hitting a single slit. This interference pattern shows the wavelike properties of matter.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Frequency ( 1014 s1 ) From this rough experiment, determine a value for Plancks constant h. The speed of light is 2.99792 108 m/s , and 1 eV = 1.60218 1019 J/eV . Your answer must be within 4.0% Correct answer: 3.98571 1015 eV s. Explanation: The best t line (using a linear least square criterion) is shown below. Electron Energy vs Frequency 30 Maximum Kinetic Energy ( 101 eV) 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Frequency (1014 s1 ) From the photoelectric equation, Kmax =

Version 001 Quantum tubman (19112) Ball DeBroglie Wavelength 006 10.0 points A ball has a mass of 0.275 kg just before it strikes the Earth after being dropped from a building 22.6 m tall. What is its de Broglie wavelength? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 and Plancks constant is 6.62607 1034 J s . Correct answer: 1.14483 1034 m. Explanation: Let : d = 22.6 m , m = 0.275 kg , and h = 6.62607 1034 J s . From conservation of energy 1 m v2 = m g d 2 v= 2gd = 2 (9.8 m/s2 ) (22.6 m) so = 21.0466 m/s ,

=1 =2 5. Explanation: The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is h given by = . p If the momentum of the electron doubles (p = 2 p), the new de Broglie wavelength will be h h 1 h 1 = = = = . p 2p 2 p 2 4. Uncertainty Principle 08 008 10.0 points Suppose one wishes to use an electron beam to resolve a molecule whose size is 1 nm. The mass of an electron is 9.11 1031 kg and Plancks constant is 6.63 1034 J s. What is the kinetic energy of electrons that have the requisite wavelength? Correct answer: 1.50785 eV. Explanation:

p = m v = (0.275 kg) (21.0466 m/s) = 5.78782 kg m/s and

Let : m = 9.11 1031 kg , h = 6.63 1034 J s , and = 1 nm = 1 109 m . h

h 6.62607 1034 J s = p 5.78782 kg m/s

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= 1.14483 10

m . E= So Emin =

p=

AP B 1998 MC 34 007 10.0 points If the momentum of an electron doubles, by what factor would its de Broglie wavelength be multiplied? 1 = 4 1 = correct 2. 2 =4 3. 1.

p2 h2 = 2m 2 m 2

(6.63 1034 J s)2 2 (9.11 1031 kg) (1 109 m)2 = 2.41256 1019 J = 1.50785 eV .

AP B 1998 MC 11 009 10.0 points Which of the following experiments provided

Version 001 Quantum tubman (19112) evidence that electrons exhibit wave properties? I) Millikan oil-drop experiment II) Davisson-Germer electron-diraction experiment III) J. J. Thomsons measurement of the charge-to-mass ratio of electrons 1. II only correct 2. II and III only 3. I, II and III 4. I and III only 5. I only Explanation: The Davisson-Germer electron-diraction experiment showed that electrons exhibit wave properties, such as diraction and interference. On the other hand, Millikans oil-drop experiment measured the charge of electrons, and J. J. Thomsons measurement of the charge-to-mass ration of electrons gave the value of electron mass (once the charge of electrons was known, for example, from Milligan oil-drop experiment). Uncertainty of Momentum 010 10.0 points Assume we can localize a particle to an uncertainty of 0.1967 nm. What will be the resulting minimum uncertainty in the particles momentum? Plancks constant is 6.62607 1034 J s . Correct answer: 2.68066 1025 kg m/s. Explanation: Let : h = 6.62607 10 J s and x = 0.1967 nm = 1.967 1010 m . x px h h = 2 4 6.62607 1034 J s h = px 4 x 4 (1.967 1010 m)
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= 2.68066 1025 kg m/s . Hewitt CP9 32 R08 011 10.0 points In the Bohr model of the atom, what is true about the light emitted by an atom? 1. An electron accelerating around its orbit continuously emits radiation. 2. The emitted photons frequency is the classic frequency at which an electron vibrates. 3. None of these 4. The energy of the emitted photon is equal to the dierence in energy between the two orbits. correct Explanation: Energy is conserved. When an electron drops down an orbit and loses energy, this energy is emitted as a photon. Conceptual 21 05 012 10.0 points If a one-electron atom can occupy any of 5 dierent energy levels, how many lines might appear in that atoms spectrum? 1. six 2. seven 3. ten correct 4. eight 5. nine Explanation: If there are 5 energy levels, the possible jumps from higher to lower states are: 5 to 1, 5 to 2, 5 to 3, 5 to 4, 4 to 1, 4 to 2, 4 to 3, 3 to 1, 3 to 2 and 2 to 1. Thus there will be ten lines possible. keywords: