Linda Zhang Mrs. Hardgrove Period 1 April 20th, 2014 AP Art History Round-Up 1.

Theme One: Power and Authority Gudea, c. 2100 BCE, Sumerian : o Folded hands; long, fine fingers o Right arm bare o Broad shoulders, narrow waist, simple contours o Sense of calm, peaceful o Diorite, and expensive stone, proclaims the wealth of the owner and importance of the subject Horatio Greenough, George Washington, 1840, Neoclassicism o Used Houdons portrait as his model for the head o Portrayed him as seminude and enthroned o Like the lost statue of Zeus o Sitting, with arms raised o Display of power with sword in hand o One finger pointed up at God 2. Theme Two: The Human Figure Venus of Willendorf, c. 28000-21000 BCE, Prehistoric o Reproductive organs emphasized; huge breasts, belly, buttocks, navel

o Hair in clumps arranged in rows o Deemphasized arms, face, legs; no feet o Small and portable o Venus is a clever name given to the object after its discovery as a way of comparing it to the ancient goddess of beauty Antonio Canova, Pauline Borghese as Venus, 1808, Neoclassicism o Seminude o Depicted as the Roman goddess of love, marble o Appears reclining on a divan and gracefully holding the golden apple, the symbol of the goddesss triumph in the judgment of Paris o Hellenistic characteristics o Ideal female proportions but more realistic 3. Theme Three: Narrative The Burning of the Sanjo Palace, late 13th C, Japanese o Painted 200 years after the civil war depicted in the scene o Look down from above onto the scene o Strong diagonals emphasizing movement and action o Swift active brushstrokes o Narrative read from right to left as the scroll was unrolled o Depersonalized figures, many with only one stroke for the eyes, ears, and mouth o Tangled mass of forms accentuated by Japanese armor

o Lone archer leads the escape from the burning palace with the Japanese commander behind him Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937, Cubism o Painted for the Spanish pavilion of the 1937 Parisians World Fair o A reaction to the Fascist bombing of the militarily insignificant town of Guernica in northern Spain during the Spanish Civil War o Done in black and white to imitate news photos o Picasso usually not a symbolic painter, but symbols are found here o Pieta on left with stigmata on Childs hands o Bull symbolizes brutality and darkness o Fallen warrior at bottom left holds a broken sword, perhaps meant to evoke a fallen war memorial o Horse in panic tramples on everything o Wounded figures on right rush in, seeking shelter o Woman with torch is a symbolism of Liberty 4. Theme Four: Nature Dong QiChang, Dwelling in the Qingbian Mountains, 1617, Ming Dynasty, Chinese o Dong QiChang as a literati painter, influenced by Daoism o Thick impenetrable spaces alternating with open areas o Mountain forms are strongly presented, yet negative space used to imply presence of couds

o Piling up of forms in a radical arrangement composed of interlocking diagonals and curves John Constable, The Hay Wain, 1821, British Romantic o Vibrant, shimmering paint application with a careful rendering of atmospheric effects o Painted English countryside as a reaction against the Industrial Revolution o Oneness with nature, man is an active participant but does not disturb o Clouds fill the sky; sense of the momentary o Cottage is one with the countryside, grows in among the trees o Boat easily fords the river o Dappled reflections on water surface o Everything and everyone in harmony with nature, an ideal state 5. Theme Five: Violence The Burning of the Sanjo Palace, late 13th C, Japanese o Painted 200 years after the civil war depicted in the scene o Look down from above onto the scene o Strong diagonals emphasizing movement and action o Swift active brushstrokes o Narrative read from right to left as the scroll was unrolled o Depersonalized figures, many with only one stroke for the eyes, ears, and mouth o Tangled mass of forms accentuated by Japanese armor

o Lone archer leads the escape from the burning palace with the Japanese commander behind him Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830, French Romanticism o July Revolution of 1830; Liberty with French tricolor marches over the barricade to overthrow government soldiers o Red/Blue/White echo throughout painting o Strong pyramidical structure o Child with pistols symbolizes the role of students in the revolt; middle and lower classes represented in the revolt 6. Theme Six: Family Seated couple, Dogon,Mali, ca. 18001850, African o Created for display at the funerals of influential Dogon men o Distills man and woman to a perfectly integrated and harmonious union o It has bilateral symmetry that describes man and woman to be reflections of each other o Elongated bodies are depicted as a series of parallel vertical lines traversed by horizontals that draw them together o Small child clinging to the females back is balanced by back of male o Roles as nurturer and provider joint to provide life Francisco de Goya, Family of Charles IV, 1800, Spanish Romantic Painting o Accentuated dazzling costumes and royal trappings o Some scholars feel that Goya was mocking royalty o Triptych like arrangement of figures

o Goya in shadow in background o Queen in center with younger children 7. Theme Seven: Spiritual Beings Buddha Preaching the First Sermon, 15th C o Sitting in a yoga position, hands on a wheel in a preaching mudra o On predella: important narrative moment in Buddhas life o Compact pose; epicene quality; tight-fitting garb o Bodhisattvas in nimbus behind him Gustave Moreau, Jupiter and Semele, ca. 1875 o Rare finished works o Semele begged the god to appear to her in all his majesty o She died when he did o Operalike sitting, a towering opulent architecture o Depicted royal hall of Olympus as shimmering in iridescent color o Rich color harmonizes with the exotic hues of Byzantine mosaics, medieval enamels, Indian miniatures, and the designs of exotic wares o God with halo of thunderbolts 8. Other Themes: Leisure Jean-Antoine Watteau, The Return from Cythera, 1717-1719, Rococo o Submitted painting to the Royal Academy as a presentation piece o Light and dreamy atmospheric perspective o Iridescent colors o Slender, delicate figures

o Arcadian elements o Asymmetry o Venus overlooks the scene, bedecked with flowers o Gilded boat topped by flying cupids o Inspired by 1700 play Palace ladies, detail of a wall painting, tomb of Princess Yongtai, Qianxian, China, Tang dynasty, 706, China o Depicts palace ladie sand their attendants o Images of pleasant court life to accompany the princess into her afterlife o Shallow stage o No background or setting o Women in a variety of poses o Effectively conveys depth o Contour lines describe full volumned faces and suggest solid forms beneath the drapery o Simplicity of form and line 9. Architecture Forbidden City, 15th Century, Ming Dynasty, Beijing, China, Chinese Art o Larger and most complete Chinese architectural ensemble in existence o 9000 rooms o Walls 30 feet high to keep people out and those inside in o Only royals could enter o Each corner has a tower representing the four corners of the world

o Main building is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, meant for grand ceremonies o Yellow tile roofs and red painted wooden beams placed o marble foundations unify the structures in the Forbidden City into an artistic whole Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin, The Houses of Parliament, 1836-1860, Romanticism o Competition held in 1835 for new Houses of Parliament after the old one burned down o 97 entrants, 91 in the Perpendicular Gothic, 6 in the Elizabethan style o Enormous structure of 1100 rooms, 100 staircases, 2 miles of corridors o Modern office building cloaked in medieval clothes o Barry a classical architect, accounts for regularity of plan o Pugin a Gothic architect, added Gothic architectural touches to the structure o Profusion of Gothic ornament is greater than would appear in an original Gothic building o Big Ben is a clock tower, in a sense a village clock for all of England